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专八人文知识(1)及答案

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Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics

Unit 1

1. Syntax is the study of ____. (TEM 8, 2005)

A. language functions B. sentence structures

C. textual organization D. word formation

2. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

(TEM 8, 2005)

A. Arbitrariness B. Productivity

C. Cultural transmission D. Finiteness

3. The distinction between parole and langue is made by ____. (TEM 8,

2006)

A. Halliday B. Chomsky

C. Bloomfield D. Saussure

4. The description of a language at some point in history is called a ____

study.

A. prescriptive B. synchronic

C. descriptive D. diachronic

5. ____ is the study of language in relation to the mind.

A. Historical linguistics B. Psycholinguistics

C. Semantics D. Morphology

6. Which of the following theories is NOT about the origin of language?

____ A. Divine-origin theory B. Speech act theory

C. Invention theory D. Evolution theory

7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is ____.

A. directive B. informative

C. phatic D. emotive

8. ____ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”.

A. Halliday B. Whorf

C. Saussure D. Chomsky

9. The study which applies the findings of linguistics to teaching English

as a foreign language is often referred to as ____.

A. psycholinguistics B. applied linguistics

C. pragmatics D. sociolinguistics

Answers:

1-5: BDDBB 6-9: BCCB

Unit 2

1. ____ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules

of word formation. (TEM 8, 2007)

A. Phonology B. Morphology

C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics

2. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

___(TEM 8, 2008) A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement

C. Duality D. Diachronicity

3. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and

production is ____ (TEM 8, 2009)

A. corpus linguistics B. sociolinguistics

C. theoretical linguistics D. psycholinguistics

4. ____ is the knowledge of the rules of an ideal speaker’s language.

A. Performance B. Capacity

C. Ability D. Competence

5. Which of the following is NOT a major branch of linguistics? ____

A. Phonetics B. Pragmatics

C. Speech D. Sociolinguistics

6. The fact that different languages have different words for the same

object is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement

C. arbitrariness D. productivity

7. In traffic lights, red can only mean stop. But in human languages,

limited phonemes can form numerous words which can form unlimited

sentences. This is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement

C. arbitrariness D. cultural transmission

8. In linguistics, the study of meaning is called ____. A. phonology B. morphology

C. semantics D. sociolinguistics

9. The study of language as a whole is usually called ____.

A. applied linguistics B. sociolinguistics

C. general linguistics D. psycholinguistics

Answers:

1-5: BDDDC 6-9: CACC

Unit 3

1. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes the “standards” of

language? ____

A. Descriptive B. Prescriptive

C. Synchronic D. Diachronic

2. The distinction between competence and performance is made by ____.

A. Saussure B. Bloomfield

C. Sapir D. Chomsky

3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Indo-European family?

____

A. French B. Bengali

C. Chinese D. Polish

4. That language can be used to refer to things that are not present in time

or space is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language. A. duality B. displacement

C. arbitrariness D. productivity

5. ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members

of a speech community.

A. Dialect B. Parole

C. Langue D. Performance

6. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? ____

A. Language is a system

B. Language is symbolic

C. Animals also have languages

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英语专八人文知识汇总

英语专八人文知识汇总

英语专八人文知识汇总

（2008-11-16 13:41）

.美国概况

练习题 1：

1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.

2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.

3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.

4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.

5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.

6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved

by____.

7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.

8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.

9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America

are____________.

10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.

练习题答案及题解:

1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

国开大学人文英语3答案(单元自测1-8)

国开大学人文英语3答案(单元自测1-8)

单元自测1

题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目

题目： —Ken did badly in his math test. I'm terribly worried about the

result. . 答案：Come on. It isn't the end

of the world.

题目： —Our son has picked up some bad habits recently, and I am really

worried about it.— . 答案：Cheer up. I believe he will

overcome it.

题目：—This movie is ________ that one. — 答案：as interesting as

题目：—The birth rate of the country decreases ______ with

years.— . 答案：progressively.

题目：—He asked me ___________ Zhang Hua came to school or

not.— . 答案：whether

题目：How do you feel about your family life? 答案：Not bad. I think it is a good

choice to be a full-time mother.

题目：Do you have much experience with caring for babies? 答案：：Yes, I do. I often take care of

kids in my free time.

专八人文知识--语言学

专八人文知识--语言学

专业人文知识—语言学

1 第一章 概述

一、 什么是语言？

1. Definition of language （语言的定义）

Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

（语言是人类用来交流的一套具有任意性的声音符号系统。） 2. Design/distinctive feature of language（语言的定义/本质特征）

1) Arbitrariness（任意性）

The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.

（任意性指语言符号的形式和意义之间没有内在的、必然的联系）

例如：水在英语中叫water，在汉语中叫水，名称与水这种物质之间并没有必然联系。

2) Duality（二重性）

The property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are

composed of elements of the second level.

（二重性指语言有两层结构这种特性，底层结构是上层结构的组成部分，每层都有自身

的组合规则。语言的底层结构式自身不传达意义的语音，但这些语音可以组合成有意义

的单位，即上层结构。）

例如：sounds>syllables（音节）>words>phrases>clauses>sentences>texts/discourses（论

文）

3) Productivity/Creativity（能产性/创造性）

Language can be used to create new meaning because of its duality.

（能产性，也叫创造性，指语言具有构成无穷的句子的潜力，而且人们可以用语言创造

专八人文知识必背

专八人文知识必背

1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.

2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with

reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing

pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学

3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence

structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科

4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学

5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是 Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for

another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the

United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。