大学英语AB级重点语法结构

大学英语A/B级重点语法结构

一、时态与语态 二、情态动词 三、动词不定式

四、分词分词作状语,分词的独立结构,分词短语作定语和补语,with结构,动名词

五、定语从句 六、状语从句 七、虚拟语气

八、主谓一致 九、倒装句 十、强调句

十一、反义疑问句 十二、代词 十三、形容词和副词

一、 时态与语态

考察重点：

▲过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连用,其谓语动作一般表示过去;by the time/the end of + 表示过去时间的短语或句子;

hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时；

no sooner + 过去完成时 + than + 过去时

▲ 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

状语词组：this day week, month, year, so far, for some time, up to

now, up to the present, all this year 等;

▲ 将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连用,其谓语动作一般表示将来;by the time/end of +表示将来的时间或句子;

1) By the end of this month, we surely ____a satisfactory solution to

the problem.

A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding 2) It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take

the machine apart to put it high.

A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

3) the conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has

lasted

4 Until then, ____ his family from him for six months.

A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing

C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard

二、 情态动词

情态动词测试重点：

▲ should ought to +have +. 应该发生而没有发生的事情

▲ mightcould+have +. 过去可能发生而没有发生的事情

▲ must+have +. 对过去事件的推论 只用于肯定句;否定句用can’t , can.

1) The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been

B. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

2) With all this work on hand, he ____ to the cinema last night.

A. mustn’t go B. wouldn’t go

C. oughtn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone

三、 动词不定式

考察重点：不定式的完成式,进行式和被动式; 1） Mrs. Brown is supposed ____ for Italy last week.

A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left

2 I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem____ all

the time.

A. to get worse B. getting worse

C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse

3 This book is said _____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.

A. to have been translated B. to translate

C. to be translated D. to have translated

四、 分词现在分词和过去分词

(一) 分词作状语

当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随;现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系,过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系;

1） Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

2 _____ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.

A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving

3 Heated,water changes into steam. 时间状语

当受热时,水就变成了蒸汽;

4 Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher

for help. 原因 由于不知道如何处理这个问题,我向老师求助;

5 Being ill, the girl still came to class yesterday. 让步

虽然病了,这个女孩仍然来上课了;

6His father died, leaving his son nothing. 结果

他父亲死了,给他的儿子什么都没留下;

二分词的独立结构

当分词短语作作状语时,其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致,分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等;

1His voice _______,he said he was too upset to say any more．

Ashake Bbe shaking

Cwas shaking Dshaking

2Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

冬天来了,天气越来越冷了;

3 More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好;

4 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.

她干完了活,坐下来喝茶;时间

5The condition being favorable, he may succeed.条件

若条件有利,他或许能成功;

6There being no taxis, we had to walk.表示原因

没有出租车,我们只好步行;

7Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 伴随情况

几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体

三 分词短语作定语和宾补

1The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.

A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing

2 The first text book _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out

in the 16th century. A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written

3 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 前置定语---被动意义

4 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 完成意义

5 Who were the so-called guests invited =who had been invited to your party last

night 后置定语

6 Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise

四With+名词 代词+ V-ed/ V-ing

1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______,

he gladly accepted it.

A. finished B. finishing

C. having finished D. was finished

2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.

A. going on B. goes on

C. went on D. to go on

五 动名词

考察重点

只跟动名词的动词：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice,

admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest,

imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confess, include, acknowledge,

understand,

To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：

be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing

object to, look forward to状语从句

1They are considering ____ before the prices go up.

A. of buying the house B. with buying the house