高中英语高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空(思维导图+练习含答案)

动词的时态和语态时态：时态主动被动一般现在时do/does; am/is/are am/is/are done一般过去时did; was/were was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to dowould/should be donewas/were going to be donewas/were(about)to be done现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doing was/were be ing done将来进行时will/shall be doing现在完成时have/has done have/has been done过去完成时had done had been done将来完成时will have done will have been done2.必备知识考点一一般时知识点1一般现在时1.表示经常性的动作，常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。

2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。

3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。

动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。

4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。

知识点2一般过去时1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。

专题04动词的时态和语态距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时do / does did shall/will do should/would do进行时am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did完成进行时have/has beendoinghad been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。

表格式一般现在时态和语态一般现在时特点要点内容一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存概念标志语谓语动词的时态构成谓语动词语态构成形式温馨提示（重要考点）在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态．often ， sometimes ， always ，usually 等频率词连用，every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week ，twice a year ，on Sundays,1be 动词的一般现在时：am isare（"是 "）2当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（ 1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是 he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去 I,you 以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加 s 或 es．（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件： 1，主语是三单， 2，句子是肯定句）am ／ is ／are + 过去分词1表示位置转移的动词 go ，come ，start ，move ，sail ，leave ，arrive ，stay ，live, fly, get 等可用一般现在时表示按计划“即将”发生的动作，2 在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时（即主将从现原则 ,一定要有两个句子）【常见主将从现的标志语有if, as soon as( 一⋯就) unless( 如果不when, before, until (直到⋯才)等从句标志语】1 .He (play) football very well.2. Jenny (has) a good friend?3. Brian （ not live) in China.4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing.5. If it （ not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park.6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.7.He（help）the old man every week .8. The old man（help）by him every week.9.The building(visit) by many people every year.一一般现在时（一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等He usually goes to work at 7 o ’clock every morning.The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.（二）标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever ，every week (day, year, month ⋯ ),once /twice a week, on Sundays,（三）谓语动词构成：1be 动词的一般现在时：am is are（"是"，“在”）2当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（ 1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是 he,she,it 等第三人称单数（除去 I,you 以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加 s 或 es．（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）（四） .基本结构：1，肯定句：主语+谓语（ +其他的）He loves sports.Jane is an outgoing girl.（主语 He 是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s）Tom and Tim both have medium height.He has a big mouth.We like the dog very much.2，否定句：主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他(在 be 或者后面加上do does) Candy doesn’t do her housework every day.We don’t dance .He isn’t a worker.3，一般疑问句：Do (Does)+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他？（把be 或者 do does 提到主语的前面）Does she like English? Yes,she does.No,she doesn’t.Do you swim in summer?Are you a teacher?4，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句Where does Tom come from?（五 )一般现在时态用法（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：eg: We always help each other.It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning.（2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。

高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。

做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤：(1)注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感;(2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态;(3)考虑语态;(4)考虑时态的一致性。

另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词，这两个概念一定要搞清。

短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。

1.(2002 全国高考题)-You haven't said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it?-I'm sorry I anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.A.wasn't sayingB.don't sayC.won't sayD.didn't say2.(2002 全国高考题)I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A.hasn't writtenB.doesn't writeC.won't writeD.hadn't written3.(2003 北京春季高考题)-When will you come to see me，Dad?-I will go to see you when you the training course.A.will have finishedB.will finishC.are finishingD.finish4.(2003 北京春季高考题)-How long at this job?-Since 1990.A.were you employedB.have you been employedC.had you been employedD.will you be employed5.(2003 上海春季高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasiumin Beijing.A.would be completedB.was being completedC.has been completedD.had been completed6.(2002 北京高考题)The little girl her heart out because sheher toy bear and believed she wasn't ever going to find it.A.had cried; lostB.cried; had lostC.has cried; has lostD.cries; has lost7.(2002 北京高考题)-Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor?-Of course.What is it?-I if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A.had wonderedB.was wonderingC.would wonderD.did wonder8.(2002 上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year.A.will graduateB.will have graduatedC.graduatesD.is to graduate9.(2002 上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A.is to blameB.is going to blameC.is to be blameD.should blame10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still.A.has beenB.doesC.hasD.is11.If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept; will have toB.are not kept; have toC.do not keep; will have toD.do not keep; have to12.The price ，but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went downB.will go downC.has gone downD.was going down13.-How long each other before they married?-For about a year.A.h ave they known; getB.d id they know; getC.d o they know; are going to getD.h ad they known; got14.You can't move in right now.The house .A.has paintedB.is paintedC.is being paintedD.is painting15.-Hey，look where you are going!-Oh，I'm terribly sorry. .A.I'm not noticingB.I wasn't noticingC.I haven't noticedD.I don't notice16.The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A.was travelingB.traveledC.had been travelingD.was to travel17.-Is this raincoat yours?-No，mine there behind the door.A.is hangingB.has hangC.hangsD.hang18.I turned around and saw everybody at a man wholoudly in a foreign language.A.was staring; was shoutingB.was staring; shoutingC.staring; shoutingD.stared; shouted19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He .A.thoughtB.had thoughtC.was thinkingD.was thought20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we out his address yet,A.haven't foundB.hadn't foundC.didn't findD.don't find21.Shirley a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished.A.has writtenB.wroteC.had writtenD.was writing22.-Have you got your test result?-Not yet.The papers .A.are not correctingB.h ave not correctedC.a re still being correctedD.h ave already been corrected23.See the clouds! It rain!A.willB.is going toC.mustD.certainly24.Do I have to take this medicine? It so terrible.A.tastesB.is tastingC.is tastedD.has tasted25.Don't take the magazine away.It me.A.is belonged toB.belongs toC.was belonged toD.is belonging to26.Is this the third time that you late?A.have beenB.amC.wasD.had been27.-Do you know when Tom from abroad?-Perhaps it will be a long time before he .A.will come; will comees; will comeC.will come; comeses; comes28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I from him so far.A.didn't hearB.hadn't heardC.haven't heardD.won't hear29.The telephone four times in the last hour，and each time it for my roommate.A.has rung; wasB.has been ringing; isC.had rung; wasD.rang; has been30.A storm by a calm.A.is often being followedB.was often followedC.is often followedD.has often been followed31.The pen I I is on my desk，right under my nose.A.think; lostB.thought; had lostC.think; had lostD.thought; lost32.-We could have walked to the station.It was so near.-Yes，a taxi at all necessary.A.wasn'tB.hadn't beenC.couldn't beD.won't be33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it .A.to be brokenB.had broken intoC.was brokenD.had been broken into34.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory .A.w ill greatly increaseB.w ould greatly increaseC.w ould be increased greatlyD.w ill have been greatly increased35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he.A.h ad long been expectedB.h ad long expectedC.h as long expectedD.w as long expected36.-Do you like the new pen?-Yes，it very well.A.is writtenB.is writingC.writesD.wrote37.-Oh，it's you? I didn't recognize you.-I my hair cut，and I new glass.A.had; was wearingB.have had; am wearingC.had; woreD.have had; wear38.As she the newspaper，Granny asleep.A.read; was fallingB.was reading; fellC.was reading; was fallingD.read; fell39.However hard you ，you will never succeed in pleasing her.A.tryB.will tryC.should tryD.would try40.-Can I help you，sir?-Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it .A.didn't workB.won't workC.can't workD.doesn't work41.-How are you today?-Oh，I as ill as I do now for a very long time.A.didn't feelB.wasn't feelingC.don't feelD.haven't felt42.When Jack arrived he learned Mary for about an hour.A.had goneB.had set offC.had leftD.had been away43.By this time tomorrow we the machine.A.have repairedB.shall have repairedC.will repairD.would repair44.I don't think Jim saw me，he into space.A.just staredB.was just staringC.has just staredD.had just stared45.Helen her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.A.had left; cameB.has left; comesC.left; had comeD.had left; would come46.-You have left the light on.-Oh，so I have. and turn it off.A.I'll goB.I've goneC.I goD.I'm going47.This is Ted's photo.We miss him a lot.He trying to save a child in earthquake.A.killedB.is killedC.was killedD.was killing48.The notice "No smoking."A.is wroteB.readsC.writesD.is read49.Good care must babies particularly while they are ill.A.takeB.take ofC.be takenD.be taken of50.Shortly after we ，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.A.seatedB.were seatedC.sat ourselvesD.had seated51.-You look pale，what troubled you?-I my dead friend.A.am thinking aboutB.was thinking aboutC.had thought aboutD.will think about52.John and I friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we each other a couple of times before that.A.had been; have seenB.have been; have seenC.have been; had seenD.had been; had seen53.Do make sure that you a seat today!A.gotB.getC.shouldD.have get54.We at the house as we of buying it.A.looked; were thinkingB.w ere looking; were thinkingC.w ere looking; thoughtD.l ooked; had thought55.-I'm told that you are leaving for Beijing.-Who so?A.saidB.had saidC.saysD.has said56.I the room to be empty but found it occupied.A.had thoughtB.have thoughtC.didn't thinkD.was thinking57.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.A.will have changedB.has changedC.is changingD.will change58.I ping-pong quite well，but I haven't had time to play since the new year.A.will playB.have playedC.playedD.play59.Visitors not to touch the exhibits.A.will requestB.are requestedC.are requestingD.request60.They a snowstorm on their way home.A.caught inB.had caughtC.were caughtD.were caught in参考答案：1～5 DADBD 6~10 BBCAD 11～15 ACDCB 16~20 AAACA21～25 DCBAB 26~30 ACCAC 31～35 BADCC 36~40 CBBAD41～45 DDBBA 46~50 ACBDB 51～55 BCBBC5 6~60 ACDBD【解析】1.用过去时表达没能早说之意。

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高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题1. —You haven't said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it?-I ’m sorry I ________(say) anything aboutitsooner。

I certainly think it ’s prett y on you。

2.I wonder why Jenny ________（write） us recently。

Weshould have heard from her by now。

4. —How long ___ you _____(employ) at this job —Since1990.5。

By the end of lastyear，another new gym________(complete) inBeijing。

6。

Thelittle girl ________(cry) her heart ou she ________(lose) her toy bear and believed shwasn’t ever going to find it.7. —Excuse me，sir。

【第七章动词时态语态例句】养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

主动语态一般现在时He works hard every day to support his family.为了养活家人他每天努力工作。

现在进行时He is working for a company now.目前他正在一家大公司工作。

现在完成时He has already finished his work on the project plan.他已经完成了项目计划的工作。

现在完成进行时He has been working hard all morning, but he hasn’t finished his task.他整个上午都在努力工作，但是还没有完成这个任务。

一般过去时He worked as a volunteer last week. 上周他做志愿者工作了。

过去进行时At this time yesterday he was working with his colleagues.昨天这个时候他正在和同事一起工作。

过去完成时Before I arrived he had begun his work.我到达之前他已经开始工作了。

过去完成进行时When I saw him he was very tired, because he had been working all day.我见他时他很累，因为已经工作一整天了。

一般将来时He will work in a new city next year.明年他将去一个新的城市工作。

一、时态的数轴的思维导图have been de nghave done动词的时态和语态will do had donewill have done Past pastis doingpresentwill be doing future would have d ( ne考点一、现在时一、一般现在时1.含义1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

I leave home fbr school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the cast of China.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4) not....until....as...hen, before, after, not....until....等)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as...)中常用一般现在时表示将来Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2.常用的时间状语频率副词：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, hardly, never2)短语：every (day 等)，once/twice a (week 等)，on (Sunday 等)，in the (morning 等)，at (eight) , now and then, from time to timeHe usually goes to school by bike.3.谓语切词形式：do/does.谓语动词的被动语态：am/is/are doneIn the spoken English of some areas in the U.S, the " r" sounds at the end of the words arc dropped.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空How close parents are to their children(have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.1.If your call is not answered within two minutes, you(advise) to hang up and dial again.2.We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours(work) miracle.3.It(turn) out that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.4.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, (allow) more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、现在进行时.定义1）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为；2）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作。

专题09 动词时态语态50题---2022年高考英语第一轮复习小题狂练（原卷版）【动词时态语态思维导图】【动词时态语态高考考查动向】动向一、依据时间状语或句型判断时态动向二、主谓一致动向三、被动语态基本用法动向三、主动形式表示被动意义用法【小题狂练一】在空白处填入一个适当的单词。

1. (2021•全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).2. (2021•天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ____________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.3. (2021•新高考全国卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.4. (2020•天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.5. (2020•全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.6. (2020•浙江卷) By about 6000 BC, people ____________ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.7. (2019•全国II卷) I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________ (make) over the years.8. (2019•天津卷) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.9. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now ____________ (repay) later in life.10. Close the door of fear behind you, and you ____________ (see) the door of faith open before you.11. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ____________(graduate) from college.12. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child ____________ (eat) everything!13. His first novel ____________ (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.14. Hurry up, kids! The school bus ____________ (wait) for us!15. The water supply has been cut off because the workers ____________ (repair) one of the main pipes.16. The police _________(discuss) the case in the meeting-room. Nobody is allowed to enter.17. This is the first time we ____________ (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.18. Until now research and treatment for overweight __________ (focus) on drugs to decrease appetite and surgery.19. Shopping habits in the United States __________ (change) greatly since the 20th century.20. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____________(shoulder) since her marriage to Father.21. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _____________(run) out. We must act immediately before there’s none left.22. More efforts, as reported, _________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.23. In some parts of the world, tea ____________ (serve) with milk and sugar.24. In the last few years, China _________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.25. It was the second time he ____________ (make) the same mistake.26. It is reported that many a new house __________(build) at present in the disaster area. (陕西2010)27. Did you predict that many students __________(sign) up for the dance competition? (上海2011)28. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ____________ (fly) to Shanghai.29. If he ____________ (follow) my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.30. On her next birthday, Ann _________(be) married for twenty years.【小题狂练二】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

动词的时态和语态一、知识框架二、知识梳理动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时可以不带to，否定式：not + (to) do。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，可以担任主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。

一）不定式的句法功能（1）作主语：不定式作主语时，一般表具体的、个别的、一次性的或具有将来意义的动作。

To forgive is the best virtue of life.人生最好的美德是宽恕。

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。

若主语较长，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：It+be+名词+to doIt takes sb+some time+to doIt+be+形容词+of/for sb +to doHow + adj. + it is + to do sth.!①如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同of搭配构成“It is + 形容词＋of＋代词（名词）＋不定式”句型。

如：bold, brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, right, wrong, kind, nice, good, polite, clever, wise, foolish, silly等。

②表示事物性质的形容词如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配。

专题01动词的时态及语态时态知识梳理重点用法1一般现在时用法：1.be（am，is，are）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。

行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称用动词原形。

I am free tonight.我今晚有空。

The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。

They are students.他们是学生。

Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。

我们很喜欢他。

2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。

It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。

3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。

The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。

4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。

She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。

5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。

提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。

这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive（到达），be（是），begin（开始），come（来到），go（去），leave（离开），reach（到达），start（出发）等。

The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。

注意：一般现在时常用的时间状语有：today今天often经常always一直sometimes有时usually通常seldom很少on Sunday在星期天every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上重点用法2一般过去时用法：1.be（was/were）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。

行为动词都要用过去式。

时态篇一、一般现在时一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式构成，be 动词的一般现在时形式为am，is，are。

基本用法1. 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always，often，usually，sometimes，every day 等时间状语连用。

I do some exercise every day.我每天做一些锻炼。

2. 一般现在时表示现时的情况或状态。

She knows French and German besides English.除了英语，他还懂另外两门外语。

3. 一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。

The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

其他用法1. 在口语中，一般现在时常可表示计划或安排好的将来的动作，多用于 go, come, arrive, leave, start, end, stop, open, close等动词，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

My train leaves in ten minutes so I have to leave now.火车还有十分钟就开，我现在必须走了。

2. 在时间或条件状语从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，而不用一般将来时。

We won’t go if it rains.如果下雨，我们就不去。

3. 在某些宾语从句、定语从句中，有时也用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

I hope that you feel better soon.我希望你很快会好起来。

二、一般过去时一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense）由动词的过去式构成，be 动词的过去式为was，were。

基本用法1. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常和 a moment ago，half an hour ago，just now，yesterday，last week，in 2005，in those days，at that time 等表示过去的时间状语连用。

新高考英语语法填空分类强化100题（思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟）专题09 语法填空之动词时态语态专练100题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

一、【动词时态语态思维导图】二、【动词时态语态三年真题】1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.2.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protectingecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.3.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.4.（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.5.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.6.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind,” he said.7.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!8.（2022北京卷）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally _________ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.9.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.10.（2022浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.11.（2022浙江1月卷）But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.12.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effortstarted two years ago.13.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind?14.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.15.（2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.16.（2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.17.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).18.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.19.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.20.（2021北京卷）As it _________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.21.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.22.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.23.（2021浙江卷）It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, butLincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.24.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.25.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.26.（2020新高考）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.27.（2020新高考）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.28.（2020新高考）O ften, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.29.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.30.（2020全国I卷）Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________ (construct)”.31.（2020全国II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.32.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.33.（2020全国III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.34.（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they_________ (throw) away.35.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals _________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.36.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 _________ (be)30; today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.37.（2020浙江1月卷）People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should _________ (place)on longevity(长寿).三、【动词时态语态最新模拟】38．（2018新课标II卷）Since 2011, the country ________(grow) more corn than rice. 39．（2022年江苏南京三模）This is the first time that China________ (host) the Winter Olympic Games.40．（2022年江苏常州三模）It was the ninth time that the team________ (win) the championship. 41．Early to bed and early to rise ________ (make) a man healthy, happy and wise.42．Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and________(choose) to manage a team in Sweden.43．By the time I got to school, the first play ______ (be) on for nearly half an hour.44．Over the past 20 years, the Internet ______ (help) change our world in one way or another for the better.45．Since the COVID-19__________ (break) out in 2020, it has become a serious problem around the world.46．When she realized that she had left her handbag in the taxi, the taxi _________ (disappear). 47．More than one doctor________ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. 48．So far the local government ________ new policies which aim to reduce air pollution and they’ve proved effective. (adopt)49．I have a headache, for I________ (work) in of that computer for 8 hours.50．My grandfather still ____________ (play)tennis now and then, even if he is in his nineties. 51．Collecting stones and growing flowers ________(be) my father’s hobbies.52．On the wall________ (hang)some pictures by Picasso.53．At present, mail, as well as cellphones, ______(play) a more and more important part in our daily communication.54．Li Ping is a good student. He__________ always __________ (think) of his classmates. 55．On May22, a big earthquake________(strike)Maduo in Qinghai Province.56．The whole city ________ (lie) in ruins after the earthquake.57．While ________ (walk) along the street. I heard my name called.58．When he ___________ (orbit) in the capsule, he took photographs of planet earth.59．His father___________（leave）for Shanghai tomorrow morning.60．—Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party?—Sorry, I forget.I ________________ (call) her now.71．Breakfast ________(serve) between 7:00 and 8:00 tomorrow morning, we'd better get up early. 72．Scientists wanted to find out whether these new technologies ________ (work)．73．By this time tomorrow, I _______ (lie) on the beach.74．You'd better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ (have) an important meeting then.75．Many a species ________ (disappear) over the past decades.76．Large quantities of goods________ (sell) out since they brought down the price.77．He asked me where I ________ (go) the week before.78．This morning, I received a heartwarming post on Instagram from a friend who I ________ (give) a blue and white spotted breastpin before.79．We ________ (work) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.80．China ________ the carbon dioxide emissions a lot by 2030, the vice premier told the media. (reduce)81．Babies’ skin ________ (feel) soft and smooth.82．The government________(hatch) out a new plan to deal with rising prices.83．Only in 1960 ________ we decide to answer violence with violence.84．The man said that he________(leave) for the small village the next day.85．We __________ (catch)a bus to the zoo the following Sunday.86．Nobody knew what ________________ (happen) to the Earth in a century's time.87．Don’t call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternoon. I_________ (have) an test then.88．The number of road accidents and deaths arising from those accidents _____________(not decline) over the past years.89．The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents ________ (increase) over the past year.90．By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I________(cook) the dinner already. 91．Susan had quitted her job and ____________ (work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.92．Tom, rather than I, ____________ (serve) in the army ever since graduation.93．Since last week, to work out the difficult math problems, I ____________ (turn) to Professor Russel for help several times.94．By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.95．I ________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.96．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ (rise) since 1990. 97．What do you think the children ________ (do) when we get home?98．Jeff promised that he _______ (figure) out the problem the next day.99. （湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试）After the photographs of Bei Bei ______________ (publish), my editor suggested I ask zoo administrators if I could return periodically to document the first year of the cub’s life. They said yes.100.（山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考）Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy ______________ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

第十章动词的时态思维导图知识梳理在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态.英语的时态从时间上划分,可以分为现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时;从行为方式上划分,每一类又可以分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式.这样,英语动词合起来共有16种时态.现以动词work为例,将16种时态形式列表如下:现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式workworksworkedshallworkwillShouldworkshould进行式amare workingiswasworkingwereshallbe workingwillshouldbe workingwould完成式hasworkedhavehad workedshallhave workedwillshouldhave workedwould完成进行式havebeen workinghashad beenworkingshallhave been workingwillshouldhave been workingwould这些时态中常用的有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及过去将来时8种.一、一般现在时(一)一般现在时的构成一般现在时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问式和简单回答形式,以work为例,列表如下: 否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I do not work. Do I work? Do I not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.He/ She/It does notwork. Does he/she/it work? Does he/she/it not work?Yes, he/she/it does.No, he/she/it doesn't.We do not work. Do we work? Do we not work? Yes, you do. No, you don't. You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, we do. No, we don't. They do not work. Do they work? Do they not work? Yes, they do. No, they don't.当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es(见下表):规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s playworkleaveswimplaysworksleavesswims以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es studycarryflycrystudiescarriesfliescries(三)动词第三人称单数加s或es后的读音1.在清辅音/p/, /k/, /t, /f/后读/s/stops/stɒps/ jumps/dʒʌ mps/ likes/laɪks/ picks/pɪks/ visits/vɪzɪts/ laughs/lɑːfs/coughs/kɒfs/ posts/pəʊsts/2.在/s/, /z/, /ʃ /, /tʃ /, /dʒ /之后读/ɪz/passes/pɑːsɪz/guesses/gesɪz/ rises/raɪzɪz/ refuses/rɪfju:zɪz/ wishes/wɪʃɪz/ washes/wɒʃɪz/ teaches/ti:tʃɪz/ watches/wɒtʃɪz/ changes/tʃeɪndʒɪz/ manages/mænɪdʒɪz/3.除以上两种读音外,其余的均读/z/(四)一般现在时的用法1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作常与often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays/Mondays等表示频度的时间状语连用.My father often gets up early in the morning.我父亲早晨经常早起.He has breakfast at 7:00 every morning.他每天早晨七点吃早饭.2.表示现在的状态My father is at work. He is very busy.我父亲在工作,他很忙.The boy is twelve.这个男孩儿12岁.3.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征I like to listen to music.我喜欢听音乐.They speak English very well.他们英语说得非常好.This taxi driver knows the city of Beijing like the back of his hand.这位出租车司机对北京城了如指掌.4.表示客观事实和普遍真理Two plus two is four.2加2等于4.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下.5.表示计划安排好的将来动作,也可用一般现在时,只限于: go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, be等动The plane takes off at 11 a.m.飞机上午11点起飞.We leave Beijing next month.下月我们离开北京.He comes back tonight.他今晚回来.6.在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就给你写信.Turn off the lights before you leave.走前关灯.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the park.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园.If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园.7.表示(书、信、报纸、通知、牌示、广播等)“说”“报导”,用一般现在时,主要是动词sayThe notice says,“ No Parkin g.”通知说:“不准停放车辆.”The radio says heavy rain in the afternoon.广播预报下午有大雨.8.叙述历史,常用一般现在时,以使其生动Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, and she stops and speaks to Jeanne.珍妮在公园里坐着.玛蒂尔德向她走来,停下来和珍妮谈话.二、一般过去时(一)一般过去时的构成(以动词work为例)否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work?Yes, I did. No, I didn't.You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work?Yes, I did. No, I didn't.He/ She/ It did not work. Did he/she/it work? Did he/she/it not work?Yes, he/she/it did. No, he/she/it didn't.We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work?Yes, you did. No, you didn't.You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work?Yes, we did. No, we didn't.They did not work. Did they work? Did they not work?Yes, they did. No, they didn't.构成规则原形过去式-般在动词末尾加-ed workplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed planstopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-ed carrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried(1)prefer的过去式要先双写末尾辅音字母r再加-ed: preferred.(2)travel的过去式可双写1再加-ed; travelled(英式英语);也可以直接加-ed; traveled(美式英语).(三)动词过去式与过去分词的读音1.清辅音后面的-ed读/t/音stopped/stɒpt/停止laughed/lɑːft/笑asked/ɑːskt/提问hoped/həʊpt/希望dressed/drest/穿衣marched/mɑːtʃt/行军watched/wɒtʃt/看pushed/pʊʃt/推2.浊辅音及元音后面的-ed读/d/音rubbed/rʌbd/擦tried/traɪd/试图,努力lived/lɪvd/生活begged/begd/请求named/neɪmd/取名agreed/əgri:d/同意rained/reɪnd/下雨moved/mu:vd/移动3.t,d后面加-ed读/d/音united/ju:naɪtɪd/联合heated/hi:tɪd/加热ended/endɪd/结束needed/ni:dɪd/需要wanted/wɒntɪd/想要guided/'gaɪdɪd/指引4.以-ed结尾的过去分词作形容词用时读/ɪd /音aged/eɪdʒɪd/年老的learned/1ɜːnɪd/有学问的wicked/wɪkɪd/罪恶的interested/ɪntrəstɪd/感兴趣的(四)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词原形过去式过去分词词义Cost Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Read costcuthithurtletputreadcostcuthithurtletputread花费削、砍打击伤害、使受伤让放读Become Come Run becamecameranbecomecomerun成为来跑Bring Buy Fight Think Catch Teach broughtboughtfoughtthoughtcaughttaughtbroughtboughtfoughtthoughtcaughttaught带来买打架想抓住教Build Lend Send Spend Lose Smellbuiltlentsentspentlostsmelt/smelledbuiltlentsentspentlostsmelt/smelled建筑借给送,寄花(钱、时间)丢失闻Feel Keep Sleep Sweep Leave Meetfeltkeptsleptsweptleftmetfeltkeptsleptsweptleftmet感觉保持睡觉扫离开遇见Burn Learn Mean burnt/burnedlearnt/learnedmeantburnt/burnedlearnt/learnedmeant燃烧学会意思是Sell Tell soldtoldsoldtold卖告诉Hold held held 抓住、握住ShineWinGetStand UnderstandDigHang have(has)hearmakepay shone/shinedwongotstoodunderstooddughung/hangedhadheardmadepaidshone/shinedwongotstoodunderstooddughung/hangedhadheardmadepaid照耀,使光亮赢得到站理解、懂得挖挂／绞死有听见制造付(钱)say sit findsaidsatfoundsaidsatfound说坐发现am, is are do go wear lie see wasweredidwentworelaysawbeenbeendonegonewornlainseen是是做去穿着躺看见begin drink ring sing swim begandrankrangsangswambegundrunkrungsungswum开始喝打电话,(铃)响唱游泳drive rise ride write droveroserodewrotedrivenrisenriddenwritten驾驶升起骑(马、自行车)写blow grow know throw fly blewgrewknewthrewflewblowngrownknownthrownflown吹生长知道投掷飞draw showdrewshoweddrawnshown画、拉出示break speak choose take mistake wakebrokespokechosetookmistookwaked/wokebrokenspokenchosentakenmistakenwaked/woken打断,打破讲选择拿走弄错唤醒beat eat fall give forgetbeatatefellgaveforgotbeateneatenfallengivenforgotten打吃落下给忘记1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态这时常与yesterday, last week, a moment ago, in 1949等表示过去时间的状语连用.What did you have for breakfast this morning?今天早饭吃的什么?I had two eggs and a glass of milk.早饭吃了两个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶.The police stopped him on his way home last night.昨晚在回家的路上警察拦住了他.My sister passed her examination because she studied very hard.我妹妹通过了考试,因为她学习非常努力.2.表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用Last term we often did experiments.上学期我们经常做试验.He always went to work by bus.他过去总是乘车去上班.She gave her teacher presents every Christmas.她每年都给她的老师送圣诞礼物.点拨used to do的否定式和疑问式有两种构成法.(1)借助did,即:didn't use to doHe didn't use to do it, did he?他过去不经常这么做,是吗?Did you use to play football?你过去经常踢足球吗?(2)不用did,即:usedn't to doShe usedn't to make those mistakes.她以前并不经常出那些错的.Used you to play football?你过去经常踢足球吗?3.在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了.They told us that they would not leave until she came back.他们告诉我们直到她回来他们才会离开.4.常用“would+do”表示过去经常反复发生的动作I would ask you to think carefully before you spoke.我劝你在讲话之前要认真考虑一下.We would turn to him for help when we were in trouble.我们一遇麻烦,就向他请求帮助.三、一般将来时(一)一般将来时的构成一般将来时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问句式和简单回答形式,以study为例:否定式疑问式否定疑问句式简单回答I shall/will not study. Shall I study? Shall I not study?(Shan't I study?)Yes, you will.No, you won't.You will not study. Will you not study?Will you study?(Won't you study?)Yes, I shall/will.No, I shan't/won't.He/ She/It will not study. Will he/she/it notstudy?Will he/she/it study?(Won't he/she/it study?)Yes, he/she/it will.No, he/she/it won't.We shall/will not study. Shall we study? Shall we not study?(Shan't we study?)Yes, you will.No, you won't.You will not study Will you study? Will you not study?(Won't you study?)Yes, we shall/will.No, we shan't/won't.They will not study. Will they study? Will they not study?(Won't they study?)Yes, they will.No, they won't.在口语中,will常缩写为’ll与主语连写在一起.如:I'll, you'll, he'11和she'll we’ll, they'll, shall not 常缩写为shan't, will not常缩写为won't.在疑问中,主语为第一人称(I和We)时,常用助动词shall.(二)一般将来时的用法1.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week/month/year等连用I'll come to pick you up at 6:00 on Wednesday evening.我星期三晚上6点来接您.I'll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.下周六我要举行聚会,希望你能来.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we are going to the Summer Palace.如果明天不下雨,我们就去颐和园.My daughter will be twenty years old next year.我女儿明年就20岁了.He will be here in ten minutes.他10分钟后在这儿.2.表示将来经常或反复发生的动作I'll come and see you every Sunday next year.明年我将每个星期天来看你.We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年到这个工厂来劳动.3.表示揣测This will be the dictionary you're looking for.这大概是你要找的那本词典吧.The game will be finished by now.球赛大概已经结束了.4.“be going to+动词原形”结构表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能要发生的事情.如: We are going to have a new subject this year.今年我们将学一门新学科.It's going to rain this afternoon.今天下午天要下雨.I'm not going to write letters.我不打算写信.5.“be+动词不定式”结构表示按计划要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见Where are we to stay tonight?今晚我们在哪儿过夜?What is to do?怎么办?6.“be about+动词不定式”结构表示即将做某事I haven't gone yet, I'm about to.我还没走,正要走呢.The Sports Meeting is about to start now.运动会即将开始.点拨有些表示位置转移的动词,如come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等的现在进行时可表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他明天动身去上海.They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达.(三)需注意的几点1.在回答Shall I...问句时,应该说:Yes, please./Please do.或No, please don't./Please don't.不可说:Y es, you shall.或No, you shall not.2.在回答Shall we...问句时,应该说:Yes, let's... 或No, I don't think we shall./No, let's not.(四)will和be going to的比较1.will和be going to 都可表示某种意愿但其含义和用法有所不同.be going to往往表示经过考虑的打算,而will多表示意愿、决心.We are going to watch the football game.我们打算观看这场足球赛.I will tell you all about it.我将把全部情况告诉你.2.will可用于条件从句表示将来的意愿,而be going to用于条件从句,只是表示单纯的将来,试比较Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案的.If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.如果你要参加会议,最好现在就走.四、现在进行时(一)现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词”构成.现在进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词work为例)肯定式I am/'m working.He (She, It)is/isn't working. We(You, They) are/'re working.否定式I am not/'m not working.He(She, It)is not/isn't working.We(You, They) are not/aren't working.疑问式Am I working...?Is he(she, it)working...?Are you(we, they)working...?简单回答Yes, you are. No, you aren't.Yes, I am. No, I'm not. Yes, he(she it) is. No, he(she ,it)isn't. Yes, we(you, they) are. No, we(you, they) aren't.1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ingstay-staying/'steɪɪŋ /do-doing/'du:ɪŋ/listen-listening/'lɪsnɪŋ/suffer-suffering/'sʌfərɪŋ/work-working/'wɜːkɪŋ/spend-spending/'spendɪŋ/look-looking/'lʊkɪŋ/2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingmake-making/'meɪkɪŋ/take-taking/'teɪkɪŋ/give-giving/'gɪvɪŋ/ride-riding/'raɪdɪŋ/please-pleasing/'pli:zɪŋ/refuse-refusing/'rɪ'fju:zɪŋ/close-closing/'kləʊzɪŋ/operate-operating/'ɒpəreɪtɪŋ/3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingput-putting/'pʊtɪŋ/sit-sitting/'sɪtɪŋ/run-running/'rʌnɪŋ/win-winning/'wɪnɪŋ/begin-beginning/bɪ'gɪnɪŋ/4.以ie结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i变为y,再加-inglie-lying/'laɪɪŋ/tie-tying/'taɪɪŋ/die-dying/'daɪɪŋ/5.以re结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingprepare-preparing/prɪ'peərɪŋ/interfere-interfering/ɪntə'fɪərɪg/tire-tiring/'taɪərɪŋ/bore-boring/'bɔ:rɪŋ/cure-curing/kjʊərɪŋ/6.以er结尾的动词,如果是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如果不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing prefer-preferring water(浇水)-watering(三)现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用.有时用一个动词.如look(看),listen(听).What are you reading now?你在读什么?His mother is watching TV at the present.此刻,他的妈妈正在看电视.I'm writing a novel at present.眼下我正在写一部小说.Look! The bus is crossing the bridge.看！这辆公共汽车在过桥.Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.听！有人在教室里唱歌.2.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行),常与表示一段时间的状语these days, this week等连用They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天正在工厂劳动.More and more people are giving up smoking.越来越多的人在戒烟.They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天在工厂劳动.They're visiting Beijing this week.这周他们在北京观光.3.现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,常表示厌烦、不满、赞扬等情感He is always thinking of his work.他总是想着他的工作.They're forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵不休.(不满)4.现在进行时有时也用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的动作或状态,或是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹、厌烦等)或是为了强调情况的暂时性How are you feeling today?你今天觉得怎么样?(亲切)Linda is doing fine work at school.琳达在学校学习挺不错.(赞美之意)5.有些动词:如come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stay等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的时间The train is arriving soon.火车要到了.We are leaving on Saturday.我们星期六动身.Are you going anywhere tomorrow?明天你到哪儿去吗?(四)有的动词不能用于现在进行时这些词通常是表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思维等的动词.表示感觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear表示感情的动词:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(原谅)表示存在状况:be, exist(存在), remain(保持), stay, obtain(获得)表示从属或占用:have, possess(拥有), own(拥有), contain(包含), belong(属于),consist of(由······组成), form(形成)表示思考、理解:understand ,know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember五、过去进行时(一)过去进行时的构成过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成.过去进行时的肯定式,否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词work为例)肯定式I(He, She, It)was working. We(You, They)were working.否定式I(He, She, It)was not working We(You, They)were not working.疑问式Was I(he, she, it)working..? Were we(you, they)working...?简单回答Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, I was No, I was notYes, he(she, it) was. No, he(she, it) was not.Yes, you(we, they)were. No, you(we, they) were not.1.过去进行时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.then, at this/that time, yesterday, at nine, last night等At 8:00 o'clock yesterday evening I was having dinner with some friends.昨天晚上八点,我在和几位朋友一起吃饭.The doorbell rang while my mother was cooking the dinner.在妈妈做饭时,门铃响了.Mary fell asleep while she was watching TV.玛丽看着电视睡着了.My son was learning English in Australia last autumn.去年秋天我儿子在澳大利亚学习英语.I was reading an interesting book last month.上个月我在看一本有趣的书.2.表示移动的动词.如:come, start, stay, leave, fly等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作He was leaving the following day.他第二天将要离开.She asked when I was starting.她问我何时动身.3.过去进行时动词常与always, forever, continually, constantly, frequently等副词连用,代替一般过去时,强调过去经常性或习惯性动作,表现出说话人的赞美、厌烦等情绪He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那.He was constantly asking questions.他老是没完没了地提问题.4.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个动作用一般过去时.若表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时发生,则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时What was Jim doing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候吉姆在做什么?He read a piece of newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.他一边等车,一边看报.The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业.点拨(1)静态动词如be, have, seem, depend on(依靠)等一般不能用于进行时态.(2)表示知觉、认识或情感的动词如see, hear, believe, know, like, love, want, wish等一般也没有进行时态.(三)一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作.Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信.(信已写完)Mary was writing a letter to her friend at 8:00 o'clock last night.昨晚八点钟玛丽在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完,只说明了动作的延续)It was raining this time yesterday.昨天这个时间在下雨.(动作延续)It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨.(动作完成)六、现在完成时(一)现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成.现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词work为例)肯定式I(You) have worked.He(She, It) has worked.We(You, They) have worked.否定式I(You) have not/haven't worked.He(She, It) has not/hasn't worked.We(You, They) have not/haven't worked.疑问式Have I(you) worked...?Has he(she, it) worked...? Have we(you, they) worked...?简单回答Yes, you(I) have. No, you(I) have not/haven't. Yes, he(she, it) has. No, he(she, it) has not/hasn't. Yes, you(we, they) have. No, you(we, they) have not/haven't.②have not常缩略为haven't, has not常缩略为hasn't.(二)现在完成时的词尾变化现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成.规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见“一般过去时”一节的不规则动词表.(三)现在完成时的用法1.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态;常和表示一段时间的状语,如:today, these days, since, for, this month, now等连用I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我饿了,早饭以来我还什么东西都没吃.I have worked at this school for 20 years.我在这所学校工作20年了.They have lived in Beijing since 1972.他们从1972年以来就住在北京.He has drunk four cups of coffee today.他今天喝了4杯咖啡了.It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time.再次见到你很高兴,我们有很长时间没见面了.2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have just posted a letter.我刚把信邮寄了.She has lost her watch.她把表丢了.Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打碎了.We have lived in Beijing.我们一直住在北京.I understand what she has said to me.我理解她对我说的话.We know that he has passed the English exam.我们知道他英语考试及格了.(四)现在完成时需注意的问题1.表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这类动词常见的有:appear, begin, borrow, buy,close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, lend, sell, start, stop等.2.现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用明确指出过去的时间状语:如yesterday, last week, in 1999,two days ago, just now, when I came in不明确指出时间的状语:如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, just, before,never, ever, lately, once包括现在在内的时间状语:如this morning, today, this week, this year(五)have(has) been和have(has)gone的区别表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has)gone”.试比较:Where has he been?他刚才到哪儿去了?(他已回来)Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了?(他现在不在这里)They have been to Beijing.他们到过北京.(现在已不在北京了)They have gone to Beijing.他们到北京去了.(他们可能在去北京的路上,或者已到北京)(六)现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况.因此,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night,three weeks ago, in 2000等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用.试比较:I have seen him.我已见过他了.(我了解他的情况)I saw him yesterday.我昨天看到他的.(只说明昨天我看到他,并不涉及现在的情况)I have been ill for a week.我已病了一周了.(现在还在生病)I was ill for a week.我病了一周.(过去病了一周)(七)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法1.现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词在肯定句中不可和一段时间连用我离开这所学校已经八年了.误:I've left this school for eight years.正:I've been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了.误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用.I haven't gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了.2.非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列两种方法(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词.bu y→ have borrow→ keepopen→ be open close→ be closedbegin/start→ be on come→ be herego→ be there finish→ be overdie→ be dead catch a cold→ have a coldput on→ wear get up→ be upwake up→ be awake fall asleep→ be asleeplose→ not have join→ be in/be a member ofleave→ be away arrive/reach→ bemarry/get married→ be married(2)用句型“Iris+一段时间＋since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示.It is two years since the old man died.这个老人去世两年了.七、过完成时(一)过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成.所有人称和数都用“had+过去分词”,其否定式had not 常缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的肯定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词work为例)I(You)肯定式I(You)He(She, It) had worked. We(You, They)否定式I(you)He(She, It) had not/hadn't worked. We(You, They)疑问式I(you)Had he(she, it) worked...?we(you, they)简单回答I(you) I(you)Yes, he(she, it) had No, he(she, it) had not/hadn’d we(you, they) we(you, they)(二)过去完成时的用法1.表示在过去某一时间之前(也称为“过去的过去”)已经发生或完成的动作.常与“by/before+过去的时间”构成的短语连用How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末,你们学了几首英文歌?By the end of last year, we had planted 10,000 trees.到去年年底,我们一共栽种了1万棵树了.I had never seen such a wonderful match before that day.那天之前我从未看到过那么精彩的比赛.The boys had got to school before 7:00 in the morning.这些男孩儿7点以前就到校了.2.用于以连词when, as soon as, as... as, before, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作,可表示原因、动作先后等关系I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.我昨天见到了李平.自我离开北京以来,我们就没见过面.He went out after he had put on his coat and hat.他穿上大衣、戴上帽子后,便出去了.The train had just left when they got to the station.当他们到达火车站时,火车刚刚开走.How long had Mr. Li taught in the south before he came here?李先生在来这儿之前,在南方教了几年书?Mr. and Mrs. Brown had lived in Boston before they moved to Washington.布朗夫妇在搬到华盛顿之前,在波士顿居住.3.某些表示意愿、意图等的动词,如:think, hope, want, intend, plan, mean等,其过去完成时常表示本来打算做而没有做的事I had meant to buy, but I brought no money.我本想买,但身上没带钱.He had intended to speak, but time did not permit.他本想发言,可是时间不允许.I had thought that they all knew about it.我还以为他们都知道这件事呢.(实际上他们并不知道)I had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.我本希望你能来,可你没有来.4.在No sooner...than...;Hardly(scarcely)...when...的结构中,前面的动词多用过去完成时No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家就被要求做另一次旅行.Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.我们刚到乡间就下雨了.5.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.要是我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.(三)用一般过去时代替过去完成时的情况1.含有动作已经完成意义的动词,如arrive, enter, open等,当主句和从句的两个动作紧紧相连时,两个动作都可以用一般过去时When I arrived at the station, I learnt the train had already left.我一到车站,就听说火车已经离开了.When he entered the office, he heard the telephone ringing.他一进入办公室,就听到电话铃响了.2.由连词before, after, as soon as等引导的从句,由于连词本身意义已经说明主句和从句两个动作先后发生的关系,因此,两个动作都可以用一般过去时After he dosed(=had closed) the door, he left the house.他关好门后离开房子.I telephoned you as soon as I got home.我一到家,就给你打了电话.八、过去将来时(一)过去将来时的构成1.过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”构成.助动词would常简写为“’d”.例如:“I'd"“you'd”“he'd”等;would not 常简写为”wouldn't"2.过去将来时还可以用“was(were)+going to+动词原形”来表示(二)过去将来时的用法1.表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时在宾语从句里最常见.I wondered why he wouldn't go with us.我想知道,他为什么不和我们一起去.They asked how they would go to Paris.他们问他们将怎么去巴黎.He asked when the meeting would end.他问会议将在什么时候结束.I wondered if our team would win.我想知道,我们队是否会赢.He said there would be a concert this evening.他说今晚有一场音乐会.2.过去将来时也可用“was/were going to+动词原形”构成,表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作I thought it was going to rain soon.我认为很快就会下雨.。