Only a few

2023年安徽普通高中学业水平考试英语试题及答案注意事项：1.本试卷分三部分。

考试时间90分钟，满分100分。

2.答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。

将条形码横贴在答题卡“考生条形码区”。

3.每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AGeorge Daniels lives in London. He is a watchmaker. His work continues the tradition of the English watchmakers of the 18th and 19th centuries. Today this tradition is almost dead. Daniels is the only man in the world who designs his own watches makes all the pars himself and then puts them together.A Daniels watch is the product of his hands alone. One of his watches which is now in an American museum took 3500 hours to complete. He usually makes one watch a year. Each one is inscribed (刻) with “Daniels London”and costs about $10,000. Of course these are not ordinary watches—they are very beautiful and will last three centuries.George Daniels has always been attracted by clocks and watches. When he was five he used to take his father’s clock apart and put it back together again. At school he used to repair his teachers watches.He is now internationally famous and many people would like him to make watches for them. But most of them will be disappointed. He chooses his customers very carefully indeed. It must be someone who understands the subject,”he says “not someone who will leave the watch in the drawer and only show it to dinner quests.”1．Who is George Daniels?A．One of the few who repaired watches in the old days.B．The only man who collects old watches in the world.C．One of the few remaining watch designers in the world.D．The only man who designs and makes watches by himself.2．How long can a Daniels watch keep working?A．10,000 hours. B．300 years.C．200 years. D．3,500 hours.3．Which of the following shows Daniels’ early interest in watches?A．He played with his father’s clock.B．He taught people how to repair watches.C．He made a watch for an American museum.D．He made beautiful and long-lasting watches.4．George Daniels makes watches for those who .A．can afford his watches B．may want to show them to othersC．appreciate his watches D．enjoy his watch-making process5．What do we know about Daniels watches?A．Only a few people like them.B．They are kept in a museum.C．Only a few people can get them.D．They have a history of over 200 years.BHere are some eBooks for you to learn better English. Choose what you like. Book 1This eBook will make conversations in English so much easier. There are over 30 audio (音频的) files with typical (典型的) conversations, and exercises with answers at the back so you can practise what you have learnt.Book 2Learn over 1,000 English words and expressions so you can speak English fluently when you travel outside your country! Learn the language for over 30 typical situations and make travelling abroad easy with this eBook!Book 3Learn over 500 words and expressions to improve your business English! This eBook comes with audio files an videos so you can learn the language you need to do business in English!Book 4Learn over 250 phrasal verbs with audio files, example sentences and pictures. Native English speakers use phrasal verbs all the time, so you need to learnthemtoo. Start improving this important area of English now with our fantastic eBook!6．What are the books mainly about?A．Travel safety. B．Business news.C．Video selling. D．English learning.7．Which book is your best choice when you plan to travel aboard?A．Book 1. B．Book 2. C．Book 3. D．Book 4.8．What will you learn from the book for business English?A．Conversations in 30 audio files.B．1,000 words and sentences.C．Over 500 words and expressions.D．Over 250 phrasal verbs and sentences.9．What does the underlined word “them” refer to (指代) in Book 4? A．Phrasal verbs. B．Audio files.C．Example sentences. D．Native speakers.10．What is the text?A．A travel guide. B．A news report.C．A book advertisement. D．A history story.CAlpha, Beta, Delta... these Greek letters used to only appear in our math classes but are now in use in news headlines.Now, it’s Lambda. As the Delta variant (变体) spreads throughout communities in Asia, Europe and the United States, another variant, Lambda, is spreading rapidly throughout South America, Forbes reported on Aug 10.On May 31, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a naming system for variants of COVID-19 that uses letters of the Greek alphabet (字母表). Before that, the public had to call a variant its scientific name or refer to it based on where it was identified.For example, a variant of COVID-19 identified in South Africa in late 2020 was called variant 501Y.V2 or B．1.351. Media also called the same virus “the South African variant”. Now, everyone calls it “Beta”.Compared to complicated scientific names, the Greek letters are much easier to remember. “It is a lot easier for a radio newsreader to say ‘Delta’than bee-one-six-one-seven-two,”Jeffrey Barrett, a UK statistical geneticist told Nature.WHO hopes this change will help stop the stigma (污名) associated with geography-based names. “I can understand why people just call it ‘the SouthAfrican variant’— they don’t mean anything by it,” Salim Abdool Karim, an epidemiologist in South Africa, told Nature. “The problem is, if we allow it to continue, some ill-intentioned people may take advantage of it.”“No country should be stigmatized for detecting and reporting variants,”Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO’s COVID-19 technical lead, wrote on Twitter.As the virus is still evolving, 11 variants have been named so far. What if the 24 Greek letters are not enough? “We will possibly run out of the Greek alphabet, but we’re already looking at the next series of names,”Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph. “We’re actually considering star constellations(星座).”Currently, the Virus Evolution Working Group and WHO’s legal team are double checking proposals to “make sure we don’t upset anyone with these names”, Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph.11．What do Lambda and Delta have in common?A．They are both chosen by Greek scientists.B．They are both confusing to understand.C．They are both Greek names of varieties of COVID-19.D．They are both the places where COVID-19 was found.12．What does Salim Abdool Karim probably agree with?A．The virus should be named after the place where it is found and spread. B．No country should detect or study COVID-19 without WHO’s permission. C．People felt uncomfortable when they call COVID-19 “the South African variant”.D．Some people with bad intention may judge other countries reporting COVID-19. 13．Why are scientists looking for the next series of names?A．Because the naming system in use is not convenient.B．Because the variants may outnumber the Greek letters.C．Because people are more curious about star constellations.D．Because it is illegal to rename the variants with letters.14．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To introduce new ways of renaming COVID-19 varieties.B．To describe how scientists identified the varieties of COVID-19.C．To explain why some people prefer geography-based names.D．To arouse people’s awareness of more COVID-19 varieties.15．In which part of a magazine could you find this passage?A．Science. B．Travel.C．Sports. D．First Aid.DWelcome to your future life.You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people of your age could live to 150, so, at 40, you aren't old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老）treatment.Now,all three of you look the same age. You say to your shirt, “Turn red.”It changes from blue to red. In 2035,“smart clothes” contain particles(粒子） much smaller than the cells(细胞）in your body. Theycan be programmed to change your clothes' color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk from the fridge, but a voice says, “You shouldn't drink that!” Your fridge has read the smart chip(芯片）that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is old. In 2035,every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It's time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car" where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeves. Such＂smart technology" is all around you.So will all these things come true?"For new technology to come early,"says scientist Andrew Zolli,“much has to be done so that new things will replace what we have today."The Internet is an example-what will be the next?16．What is the theme of the text?A．The Internet. B．The future life.C．The anti-aging technology. D．The ways of transportation.17．What does the underlined word"They" in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Clothes. B．Cells. C．Colors. D．Particles.18．Which of the following is TRUE about the "smart car"?A．It can change its color. B．It can tell you where to go.C．You can, just tell it where to go. D．You can call your friend to drive it for you.19．What does the last paragraph tell us?A．Nothing is impossible.B．Every coin has two·sides.C．Where there is a will, there is a way.D．Never count the chicken before they are hatched(孵化）。

few, a few, little ，a little 的用法辨析特别提醒：◇few，a few修饰可数名词，无论few还是a few，后面都跟可数名词的复数形式。

◇little, a little修饰不可数名词，后面都跟不可数名词。

◇few, little表示“几乎没有”，都是否定词；a few, a little表示“一些”。

◇a little可以用来表示程度。

还可用来修饰形容词比较级。

◇little还可以表示“小而可爱”的意思，如 a little cat（一只小猫），a little sheep(一只小羊)。

◇quite a few表示“相当多”，only a few 表示“只有一些”。

相关例句：1. There is little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里没剩下多少酒。

2. There is a little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩一点酒。

3. I have little time for reading. 我几乎没有时间读书。

4. She felt a little tired. 她感到有点疲倦。

5. This shirt is a little too large for me. 这件衬衫对我而言太大了一点。

6. He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

7. Few people live to be 100. 活到100岁的人很少。

8. There are a few differences between the two. 这二者之间有一些差异。

选用few, a few, little, a little填空：1. Do you want water? There is _____left in my glass.2. There are a lot of new books, but____of them are easy to read.3. Please hurry up. There is _____ time left.4. The box is very heavy. ___________of us can lift it.5. Don't worry, we still have_________ time left.6. There are_________ books left. We can't lend you any one.7. Li Ping has learned Russian for four years, and he can speak______ Russian now.8. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.9. Give me another cup of tea please. There is _____in this cup.10. Don't rush. There is still__________ time left.11. The question is so difficult that_______ students can answer it.12. There is ______food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.13. I have quite ________ books on art．14. C an’t you walk ________ faster？15. The music from the radio sounds so beautiful. Could you please turn up the radio_______, Mum?16. ----Would you please turn down the TV _________? Jack is doing his homework.----Terribly sorry. I will.17. ----What about this red-T-shirt? Try it on, please.----Thank you. But it’s ________ too large.18. Why is there____ traffic on the street today than before?19. I like the TV channel with funnier programmes but ________ advertisements.20. Can you do the work well with ____time and _____ people?◇部分城市中考试题汇编◇单项选择：( ) 1. ----Mr Wang, would you please tell me the result of the test?----You’ve done a good job. You made ______ mistakes.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little ( ) 2. She has written a lot of books, but _____ good ones.A. anyB. someC. fewD. many( ) 3. Simon makes _______ friends in his class because he is very selfish.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little ( ) 4. How smart Mary is! Of all the students in her class, she usually spends the ________ time and make the________ mistakes in her homework.A. least; fewestB. least; leastC. fewest; leastD. most; fewest词汇：1. Of all the students, our monitor spent the ________(little) time but made the most progress.2. ----I am worried I’m getting fatter.----You should eat ________(少) food and do more exercise.3. It takes ___(little) time to go there by underground than by bus.4. There are only 2 days left, we had better talk ______(little) and do more.keys:选用few, a few, little, a little填空：1. a little2. few3. little4. Few5. a little6. few7. a little8. little, a little9. little 10. a little 11. few 12. little 13. a few 14. a little 15. a little 16. a little 17. a little 18. less 19. fewer 20. less, fewer◇部分城市中考试题汇编◇单项选择：1~4 B C A A词汇：1. least 2. less 3. less 4. less富不贵只能是土豪，你可以一夜暴富，但是贵气却需要三代以上的培养。

few, a few, little ，a little 的用法辨析特别提醒：◇few，a few修饰可数名词，无论few还是a few，后面都跟可数名词的复数形式。

◇little, a little修饰不可数名词，后面都跟不可数名词。

◇few, little表示“几乎没有”，都是否定词；a few, a little表示“一些”。

◇a little可以用来表示程度。

还可用来修饰形容词比较级。

◇little还可以表示“小而可爱”的意思，如 a little cat（一只小猫），a little sheep(一只小羊)。

◇quite a few表示“相当多”，only a few 表示“只有一些”。

相关例句：1. There is little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里没剩下多少酒。

2. There is a little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩一点酒。

3. I have little time for reading. 我几乎没有时间读书。

4. She felt a little tired. 她感到有点疲倦。

5. This shirt is a little too large for me. 这件衬衫对我而言太大了一点。

6. He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

7. Few people live to be 100. 活到100岁的人很少。

8. There are a few differences between the two. 这二者之间有一些差异。

选用few, a few, little, a little填空：1. Do you want water? There is _____left in my glass.2. There are a lot of new books, but____of them are easy to read.3. Please hurry up. There is _____ time left.4. The box is very heavy. ___________of us can lift it.5. Don't worry, we still have_________ time left.6. There are_________ books left. We can't lend you any one.7. Li Ping has learned Russian for four years, and he can speak______ Russian now.8. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.9. Give me another cup of tea please. There is _____in this cup.10. Don't rush. There is still__________ time left.11. The question is so difficult that_______ students can answer it.12. There is ______food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.13. I have quite ________ books on art．14. C an’t you walk ________ faster？15. The music from the radio sounds so beautiful. Could you please turn up the radio_______, Mum?16. ----Would you please turn down the TV _________? Jack is doing his homework.----Terribly sorry. I will.17. ----What about this red-T-shirt? Try it on, please.----Thank you. But it’s ________ too large.18. Why is there____ traffic on the street today than before?19. I like the TV channel with funnier programmes but ________ advertisements.20. Can you do the work well with ____time and _____ people?◇四川部分城市中考试题汇编◇单项选择：( ) 1. ----Mr Wang, would you please tell me the result of the test?----You’ve done a good job. You made ______ mistakes.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little ( ) 2. She has written a lot of books, but _____ good ones.A. anyB. someC. fewD. many( ) 3. Simon makes _______ friends in his class because he is very selfish.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little ( ) 4. How smart Mary is! Of all the students in her class, she usually spends the ________ time and make the________ mistakes in her homework.A. least; fewestB. least; leastC. fewest; leastD. most; fewest词汇：1. Of all the students, our monitor spent the ________(little) time but made the most progress.2. ----I am worried I’m getting fatter.----You should eat ________(少) food and do more exercise.3. It takes ___(little) time to go there by underground than by bus.4. There are only 2 days left, we had better talk ______(little) and do more.keys:选用few, a few, little, a little填空：1. a little2. few3. little4. Few5. a little6. few7. a little8. little, a little9. little 10. a little 11. few 12. little 13. a few 14. a little 15. a little 16. a little 17. a little 18. less 19. fewer 20. less, fewer◇四川部分城市中考试题汇编◇单项选择：1~4 B C A A词汇：1. least 2. less 3. less 4. less。

牛津译林版九年级英语下册Unit 4单元练习题一、选择填空（20分）( ) 1.The planet Mars is only ____the diametre of Earth.A.one halfB.one-halfC.one halveD.one-halves( ) 2.___comes is welcome.A.AnyoneB.WhoC.Anyone whoD.Everyone( ) 3.It would be great to have robots ____all the work for us.A.didB.doneC.will doD.do( ) 4.---Need I go home now ? --- ___________ .A.Yes,you need.B.Yes, you must.C.No,you must’not.D.No,you may not.( ) 5.They ____supper_____there was a loud noise from upstairs.A.had ,afterB.were having ,whenC.had, whenD.were having, after( ) 6.I don’t know if he _______tomorrow. If he_______, I’ll meet him.A.will come , comeses, will comeC.will come, will comees , comes( ) 7. --- It is surprising that John came out of the plane alive.---Yes, only a few ________ the crash .A.survivedB.surviveC.survivesD.has survived( ) 8. --- Isn’t that Ann’s husband ? --- It _____ her husband , he is at home .A.can’tB.must notC.won’tD.may not( ) 9.I don’t know where Jack is now . _____ he is in the cinema.A.MaybeB.May beC.MayD.Can( ) 10.Chinese people c elebrate New Year’s Day______many ways.A.byB.withC.inD.on( ) 11.Grass can keep the earth ______away.A.brushingB.being brushedC.from being brushedD.brushed( ) 12.In the future,people will be ____by robots.A.care forB.take good careC.cared forD.look after( ) 13.Do you want to know _____in the past?A.what was the life likeB.what the life was likeC.how was the life likeD.how the life was like( ) 14.I told you not to be late again ,John, _________ I ?A.doB.didC.don’tD.didn’t( ) 15.When he heard the news, she was______angry to ______a word.A.so, speakB.so, sayC.too, tellD.too, say( ) 16.The smoke was so thick that I was having trouble____.A.to breatheB.in breathC.with breathingD.breathing( ) 17.How long _______the meeting ________?A.did, beginB.has, begunC.has,been onD.has, been( ) 18.You can hardly imagine a man _______friends with a volleyball.A.makeB.makingC.to makeD.made( ) 19._______of them has a different idea about it?A.EveryB.AllC.BothD.Each( ) 20.----You’ve left the l ight on.----_________, I’ll go and turn it off.A.So I haveB.So am IC.So do ID.So have I二、完形填空（10分）Mr Turner works in a middle school .As a good ____1___,he is friendly to his students.Andhe is always strict ____2____himself. He often tells his students to do their best to ___3___the persons___4_____trouble.One Saturday morning ,Mr Turner went to see his friends who was ill in hospital.As something was wrong ____5____his car,he had to take a bus. After he got on the bus,he found a seat and sat down. But soon ____6____people got on the bus and had to stand. He looked __7_____and saw a woman behind. He stood up and gave his seat to her. The woman said ____8___and down. Her behaviour made Mr Turner _____9___.“It’s necessary for her to be taught how _____10___ polite ,” he said to himself. Then he asked, “What did you say, Madam?”“I didn’t say anything ,”answered the woman.“I thought you said THANK YOU.” When the woman heard this, her face turned red slowly.( ) 1. A. policeman B. teacher C. Driver D. worker( ) 2. A. In B. for C. to D. with( ) 3. A. make B. help C. put D. get( ) 4. A. in B.with C. among D. of( ) 5. A. to B. on C. with D. for( ) 6. A. much B. a lot C. more D. few( ) 7. A. around B. for C. at D. up( ) 8. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. with a smile( ) 9. A. happy B. angry C. pleased D. interesting( ) 10. A. is B. to be C. be D. are三、阅读理解（20分）AIn Britain you’re allowed to drive a car when you’re seventeen. You have to get a special two years driving license before you can start. When you are learning, someone with a full license always has to be in the car with you because you are not allowed to drive the car on the road alone. You don’t have to go to driving school—a friend can teach you. The person with you isn’t allowed to take money for the lesson unless he’s got a teacher’s license.Before you’re allowed to have a ful license., you have to take a driving test. You can take a test in your own car, but it has to be fit for the road. In the test you have to drive round for about an hour and then answer a few questions. If you don’t pass the test, you’re allowed to take it again a few weeks later if you want to. In 1970 a woman passed her fortieth test after 212 driving lessons! When you’ve passed your test, you don’t have to take it again , and you’re allowed to go on driving as long as you like, if you are healthy. Britain’s oldest driver was a man who drove in 1974 at the age of 100. Before 1904 everyone was allowed to drive, even children .Then from 1904 car drivers had to have a license. But they didn’t have to take a test until 1935. In the early days of car driving, before 1978, cars weren’t allowed to go faster than four miles an hour and someone had to lead the car with a red flag.（）1. Which of the following is NOT necessary for a young man who wants to drive a car alone ?A.He should reach the age of 17.B.He should get a special two-year driving license.C.He should learn to drive in a driving school.D.He should pass a driving test to get a full license.（）2.A person cannot take money for driving lessons unless he _________.A.has learned to drive in a driving school.B.has a full driving license.C。

高二英语必修5 Unit 4 Making the news倒装讲解与练习语法专题--- 倒装巧记倒装〔一〕这〔里〕、那〔里〕、上、下、进、出、离。

〔二〕强调表语和状语。

〔三〕否认副、连位第一。

〔四〕so, nor, neither, 也如此。

〔五〕as(though), however引导让步句。

〔六〕only 修状位句首切牢记。

说明：〔一〕在以here, there 或out, in, up, down, away(off)等副词开头的句子里，表示强调，主语是名词时用倒装句。

此结构不需加助动词。

〔1〕Here comes the bus.〔2〕There goes the bell.〔3〕Down came the rain.〔4〕Into the hall came three women.〔5〕Away(off) went the girl without telling anyone.〔6〕Out rushed the man, gun in hand.〔7〕In came the teacher.如果后面的主语是人称代词时，如此主谓不倒装。

〔8〕Away she went with tears in her eyes.(二)为了保持句子的平蘅或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文严密衔接，把它们放在句首用倒装句。

该结构不需加助动词。

〔1〕East of the town lies a beautiful lake.〔2〕In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.〔3〕Outside the doctor’s clinic were twenty patients.(三)含有否认或半否认意义的副词、连词如：hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, seldom, no sooner…(than), not until, no where等，放在句首时要用倒装句。

Unit 3 American English1.I know only a little English.a little, little; a few, fewonly a little; only a fewquite a little: quite a few2.I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.have (much, some little, no) difficulty in doing sth.Mr.Smith didn't have much difficulty in understanding Chinese.There is (/was)…difficulty in doing sth.Everyone knew Mr. Black, so there was no difficulty in finding him.I found the house with(without) difficulty.do sth. with difficulty, do sth. without difficulty3.… you're doing fine.fine:①adj.I hope it will be fine tomorrow.(晴朗）She's really a fine artist.(美好，优秀)“ How's your wife?" “ She's fine, thank you."(身体情况好)②adv.He's doing fine in school(in his new business)(好，顺利）The machine works fine if you oil it.4.When do you take your next exams?① exam=examination take/have an exam (学生）参加考试give (students) an exam (老师）考学生hold an examination 举行考试 pass an examination 考试合格fail (in) an examination 考试不及格②本句用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。

Unit 4 Do it yourself 第 2 课时Reading重点词汇1.vt.修补2. vt.装饰3. n.玫瑰（花）4. adj.着迷的,狂热的,发疯的5. adj.可怕的6. adv.曾经，一度7. n.错误，失误8. n.管子，水管9. vt.使充满10. n.天花板11. (pl. shelves) 架子，搁板12. 哎呀n.大叫,呐喊,喘息声13. vt.&vi.建议，忠告，劝告14. n.课程；过程15. adv.已经16. adv.反而，却，代替17. vt.&vi.经常去；出席重点词组1.痴迷于DIY 2.看上去恐怖3.犯了个错误4.在他卧室的墙上张贴一幅画5.击中了水管6.使房间里充满水7.把客厅涂成蓝色8.不停地刷9.在我床的上方想要个书架10.建议他上DIY课程11.关于DIY比我表弟了解得多得多重点句型1.他曾经试图在他的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯。

2.他的整个房屋都停电了。

3.现在客厅不仅有蓝色的墙，而且有蓝色天花板和地板。

4.他花了五个小时在墙上搭了个书架。

5.书架的一端比另一端高出很多。

6.他说他已经了解了关于它的一切。

7.所以反而是我自己在看所有这些书，并且每周六上课。

目标导航知识点睛一. He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.【精讲】① once adv.曾经,一度(常用过去时)Eg. There was once a shoe factory here.adv. 一次Eg. We have a reading week once a term.once一次twice两次three times /four times/ ten times① put in安装带有put的常用短语:put out扑灭put on穿上put up搭建,张贴,举起put up a shelf / put up a picture / put up your hand ① Put all your eggs in one basketball. 孤注一掷① mistake n.错误,失误Eg. make the same mistake 犯相同的错误make fewer mistakes少犯错误make a little mistake 犯个小错误vt.误以为mistake A for B 把A误以为B1. 人们在树林中搭建了很多帐篷。

TOEFL阅读真题精选为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读真题1There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic eon. Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard. However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age.The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. The deposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layer corresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or dropstones, a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from itssource, into otherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, and Europe. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for the next 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series of glacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of the Proterozoic eon.1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How patterns in rock layers have been used to construct theories about the climate of theProterozoic age(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age(C) The varying characteristics of Proterozoic glacial varves in different parts of the world(D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age2. According to the passage , the fossil record of the Proterozoic eon is(A) highly regarded because it preserves the remains of many kinds of organisms(B) less informative than the fossil record of more recent periods(C) very difficult to interpret due to damage from bacteria(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record3. The word scarce in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) ancient(B) tiny(C) available(D) rare4. It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of uniformitarianism indicates(A) similar conditions produce similar rock formations(B) rock layers in a given region remain undisturbed over time(C) different kinds of sedimentary rocks may have similar origins(D) each continent has its own distinctive pattern of sediment layers5. The word resemble in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) result from(B) penetrate(C) look like(D) replace have similar origins6. According to the passage , the layers in varves are primarily formed by(A) fossilized bacteria(B) pieces of ancient dropstones(C) a combination of ancient and recent sediments(D) annual cycles of sediment transport and deposition7. The phrase the other in line 17 refers to another(A) annual cycle(B) glacial lake(C) layer of sediment(D) season8. According to the passage , the presence of dropstones indicates that(A) the glacial environment has been unusually servere(B) the fine-grained sediment has built up very slowly(C) there has been a global ice age(D) coarse rock material has been carried great distances9. Why does the author mention Canada, North America, Africa, India, and Europe in lines 23-24?(A) To demonstrate the global spread of dropstones(B) To explain the principles of varve formation(C) To provide evidence for the theory that there was a global ice age in the early Proterozoic eon(D) To illustrate the varied climatic changes of the Proterozoic eon in different parts of the globe10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) fossil record (line 3)(B) laminae (line 13)(C) varves (line14)(D) glacial episodes (line 28)PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC托福阅读真题2In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents — New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularlyin the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North Americas greatest refining center.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900s(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields(C) Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles2. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 asresulting primarily from(A) new economic conditions(B) images of cities shown in movies(C) new agricultural techniques(D) a large migrant population3. The word meteoric in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) rapid(B) famous(C) controversial(D) methodical(A) aqueduct(B) vision(C) water(D) agricultural potential5. According to the passage , the most important factor in the development of agriculture aroundLos Angeles was the(A) influx of new residents to agricultural areas near the city(B) construction of an aqueduct(C) expansion of transportation facilities(D) development of new connections to the citys natural harbor6. According to the passage , the initial success of Hollywood s motion picture industry was duelargely to the(A) availability of many skilled workers(B) beauty of the countryside(C) regions reputation for luxurious lifestyles(D) regions climate and good weather7. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the LosAngeles area were employed in(A) farming(B) oil refining(C) automobile manufacturing(D) the motion picture industry8. According to the passage , the Southern California oil fields were initially exploited due to(A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles rail system(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America(C) a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use(D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders9. The phrase apace with in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) anew with(B) apart from(C) as fast as(D) at the middle of10. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed tothe relative decline there of(A) public transportation(B) industrial areas(C) suburban neighborhoods(D) oil fields11. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles(A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images(B) lacked good suburban areas in which to live(C) had an excessively large population(D) was not really a single cityPASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA D托福阅读真题3Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers whoeach performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820s and 1830s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nations largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America(B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers(C) The rapid speed of industrialization in North America(D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) ensured(B) raised(C) arranged(D) discouraged3. The word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) value(B) popularity(C) extent(D) diversity4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how(A) entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system(B) entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output(C) rural workers responded to shoe bosses(D) changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes5. All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820sand 1830s EXCEPT(A) an increase in the workers dependence on entrepreneurs(B) an increase in the wages paid to journeymen shoemakers(C) a decline in the workers ability to control the speed of production(D) a decrease in the price of shoes6. All of the following are true of the outwork system EXCEPT(A) It involved stages of production.(B) It was more efficient than the systems used before 1790.(C) It made many employers less powerful than they had been before.(D) It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.7. The word prolific in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) efficient(B) productive(C) self-employed(D) progressive8. According to the passage , how did later mills differ from the mills differ from the mill built byOliver Evans?(A) They were located away from large cities.(B) They used new technology to produce power.(C) They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in Barrels.(D) They combined technology with the outwork system.9. The word it in line 25 refers to(A) water power(B) machinery(C) grain(D) mill10. The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factorymachinery?(A) It become easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.(B) Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.(C) The amount of power required for factories operate was reduced.(D) Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.11. The word eager in line 30 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) knowledgeable(C) regular(D) enthusiasticPASSAGE 94 DBCAB CBBCA D。

数量限定词数量限定词一：some/anySome 和any均可以和可数名词复数、不可数名词连用，表示“一些”。

Some一般用在肯定句中，而any一般用在否定句中。

例如：1.Bob is very busy. He always has some work to do. Bob很忙，他总是有很多工作要做。

2.I want to buy some storybooks.我想买一些故事书。

3.I don’t have any friends here.我在这儿没有一些朋友。

st night I was very hungry and I wanted some food to eat. But now I am not hungry and I don’t want any food to eat.在疑问句中，多数情况下用any，但是在表示我们期待一个正面的回答或要鼓励对方说是的时候，要在疑问句中用some。

1.Have you got any medicine to cure your cough? 你吃治疗咳嗽的药了吗？2.Would you like to give me some advice? 你想给我提点建议吗？3.Can I have some more wine? 我能再喝点酒吗？数量限定词二：Many和Muchmany和much都作“许多”解，但many用于修饰可数名词，而much修饰不可数名词。

如much milk ，many apples句子：1.There are many birds in the tree .树上有许多鸟。

2. there is much oil here. 这里有许多石油3.Many children like to swim许多孩子喜欢游泳。

4.much salt comes from the sea water.海水中含有大量盐分。

much修饰动词时作“十分”解：1. We all love Beijing very much. 我们大家都非常热爱北京。