考研英语语法测试.doc

2019考研英语语法解析：一般现在时_毙考题通常以动词原形表示。

主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。

动词be和have(表示拥有)各人称的单数形式为：一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：动词be 与have(表示拥有)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表：I am    not (I rsquo;m not)  I have    not (haven rsquo;t)  Am i ? Have    i ? You are    not (aren rsquo;t)  You    have not (haven rsquo;t)  Are    you ?Have    you ?He is    not (isn rsquo;t)  He has    not (hasn rsquo;t)  Is he     ? Has he     ? 动词be 与have(表示拥有)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表：I am    not (I rsquo;m not)  I have    not (haven rsquo;t)  Am i ? Have I     ? You are    not (aren rsquo;t)  You    have not (haven rsquo;t)  Are you     ? Have    you ? He is    not (isn rsquo;t)  He has    not (hasn rsquo;t)  Is he     ? Has he     ? 注意：have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。

2019考研英语长难句语法每日一练王欢【每日一练】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.（2005年翻译48题）（一）词汇解析：（1）alone：如果放在代词或名词后，意为“仅仅、单单”；（2）demonstrate:证明，证实，说明；（3）television business：电视行业，这里的business考察的是熟词僻义，意为“行业”，相当于industry或field，business除了本意“商业”外，还考察过“任务、职责”的意思；（4）survive in：存活、幸存；（5）underline：强调，表示这一含义的同意表达还有highlight、emphasize、stress；（6）out of：在……中、从……中；（7）took a loss：亏损。

（二）句子解析：（1）that the television business is not an easy world to survive in：放在了主句谓语动词demonstrate后面，为宾语从句；（2）a fact underlined by statistics：a fact后面的过去分词短语与前面的名词fact形成了一种被动关系，因此可判断underlined by statistics这部分做了后置定语来修饰名词fact，可翻译为“数据强调了这一事实”；（3）that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989：第一个that因在从句中充当成分（主语），因此可判断其为定语从句，修饰限定的是前面的名词statistics，而当定语从句的单词数量明显大于8个单词时，我们可以将其独立成句来进行翻译，可理解为“数据表明……”，而第二个that放在了定语从句中的谓语动词show后，为宾语从句；（三）参考译文：仅仅这一点就证明了电视行业并不是一个容易存活的领域。

2021年考研英语真题及答案（完整版）2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, onthe whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the abilityto make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 ,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 。

定语从句练习题1. .[A] [B] [C] [D]2. , , .[A] [B] [C] [D]3. .[A] [B] [C] [D]4. .[A] [B] [C] [D]5. , .[A] [B][C] [D]6. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]7. .[A] [B] [C] [D]8. .[A] [B][C] [D]9. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]10. .[A] [B] [C] [D]11. I’ a a I .[A] [B] [C] [D]12. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]13. .[A] [B][C] [D]14. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]15. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]16. .[A] [B][C] [D]17. .[A] [B] [C] [D]18. , a a .[A] [B] [C] [D]19. , , , “. ’s a .”[A] [B] [C] [D]20. .[A] [B] [C] [D]名词从句练习题21. . .[A] [B] [C] [D]22. . ’s .[A] [B][C] [D]23. I .[A] [B] [C] [D]24. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]25. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]26. .[A] a [B] a[C] a [D] a27. .[A] [B] [C] [D]28. .[A] ; [B] ;[C] ; [D] ;29. ’s .[A] [B] [C] [D]30. .[A] [B] [C] [D]状语从句练习题31. a .[A] [B] [C] [D]32. I .[A] [B] [C] [D]33. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]34. a a , a .[A] [B] [C] [D]35. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]36. .[A] [B] [C] [D]37. .[A] [B] [C] [D]38. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]39. , a .[A] [B] [C] [D]40. a , .[A] [B] [C] [D]41. 100 , a .[A] [B] [C] [D]42. ’t .[A] [B] [C] [D]43. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]44. ’ .[A] a [B] a [C] a [D] a45. ’ , .[A] [B] [C] [D]46. .[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]48. , .[A] [B] [C] [D]49. a I I a a “”.[A] [B] [C] [D]50. a a .[A] [B] [C] [D]51. a , .[A] [B] [C] [D]52. A .[A] [B] [C] [D]53. a .[A] [B] [C] [D]倒装、强调和省略结构练习题1. .[A] [B][C] [D]2. a .[A] [B] [C] [D] ’t3. , ’s , .[A] [B] [C] [D]4. a , a .[A] [B][C] [D]5. , , .[A] [B] [C] [D]6. , , .[A] [B][C] [D]7. a , .[A] [B] [C] [D]8. .[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]10. , .[A] [B][C] [D]11. a .[A] [B] [C] [D]12. ; .[A] ’t [B] ’t[C] [D]l3. .[A] [B][C] [D]14. , , , , , , , .[A] [B] [C] [D]15. “ , , .”.[A] [B] [C] [D]16. , I .[A] [B][C] [D]l7. .[A] [B] [C] [D]18. .[A] [B][C] [D]19. .[A] [B][C] [D]20. .[A] [B] [C] [D]虚拟语气练习题21. I , I a .[A] [B] [C] [D]22. .[A] [B] [C] [D]23. I , I .[A] [B] [C] [D]24. ’s a , , .[A] [B][C] [D]25. A a . , .[A] [B][C] [D]26. I I , I .[A] [B][C] [D]27. , ’d .[A] ’t [B] ’t[C] ’t [D] ’t28. .[A] [B][C] [D]29. , .[A] [B][C] [D]30. —.[A] [B] [C] [D]31. .[A] [B] [C] [D]32. ’s .[A] [B][C] [D]33. I . I .[A] [B] [C] [D]34. , .[A] [B][C] [D]35. , .[A] [B][C] [D]36. , ’s .[A] [B] [C] [D]37. I ’t , I I .[A] [B] [C] [D]38. .[A] [B][C] [D]39. I ’t I’m , ’s .[A] I’d [B] I [C] I [D] I’m40. .[A] [B][C] [D]词组练习题1. .A) B) C) D)2. 370 , , .A) B) C) D)3. a ’s , .A) B) C) D)4. .A) B) C) D)5. , a .A) B) C) D)6. , , .A) B) C) D)7. .A) B) C) D)8. a a , .A) B) C) D)9. .A) B) C) D)10. .A) B) C) D)11. I .A) B) C) D)12. .A) B) C) D)13. , ’ .A) B) C) D)14. , .A) B) C) D)15. .A) B) C) D)16. , a .A) B) C) D)17. a .A) B) C) D)18. , .A) B) C) D)19. .A) B) C) D)20. , , .A) B) C) D)21. .A) B) C) D)22. .A) B) C) D)23. .A) B) C) D)24. .A) B) C) D)25. .A) B) C) D)词汇练习题1. , .A) B) C) D)2. I .A) B) C) D)3. .A) B) C) D)4. ’d a .A) B) C) D)5. a , , , .A) B) C) D)6. , .A) B) C) D)7. , .A) B) C) D)8. .A) B) C) D)9. a , .A) B) C) D)10. a .A) B) C) D)11. .A) B) C) D)12. ’t , .A) B) C) D)13. , .A) B) C) D)14. D. ’s .A) B) C) D)15. .A) B) C) D)16. , .A) B) C) D)17. a .A) B) C) D)18. , .A) B) C) D)19. .A) B) C) D)20. , . .A) B) C) D)21. , .A) B) C) D)22. .A) B) C) D)23. , .A) B) C) D)24. , .A) B) C) D)25. .A) B) C) D)26. .A) B) C) D)27. , .A) B) C) D)28. a ; , .A) B) C) D)29. , ’s a .A) B) C) D)30. A a .A) B) C) D)31. a , .A) B) C) D)32. a , .A) B) C) D)33. a .A) B) C) D)34. .A) B) C) D)35. A .A) B) C) D)36. a .A) B) C) D)37. ; .A) B) C) D)38. , , .A) B) C) D)39. , , .A) B) C) D)40. a , .A) B) C) D)41. .A) B) C) D)42. .A) B) C) D)43. .A) B) C) D)44. , .A) B) C) D)45. , .A) B) C) D)定语从句题目解析1. 正确答案为A项。

考研英语之语法练习题（含详细题释）动名词练习题1. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ____ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be heating [D] having heard2. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ____ with other elements，most commonly with oxygen.[A] combined [B] having combined[C] combine [D] being combined3. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ____ just around the corner was untrue.[A] would be [B] to be [C] was [D] being4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ____ what to do and what not to do.[A] to be told [B] having been told[C] being told [D] to have been told5. Ted had told me that he always escapes ____ as he has gota very fast sport car.[A] to fine [B] to be fined [C] being fined [D] having been fined6. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ____.[A] were not able to help laughter [B] could not help but laughing[C] could not help laughing [D] could not help to laugh7. The noise was caused by a dog ____ a cat through the garden.[A] catching [B] fighting [C] following [D] chasing8. There was no sign that Mr. Joslin, who keeps a firm controlon the party despite ____ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned [B] having resigned[C] going to resign [D] resign9. I don’t allow ____ in my drawing-room. I don’t allow my family ____ at all.[A] to smoke; smoking [B] smoking; to smoke[C] to smoke; to smoke [D] smoking; smoking10. Ann never dreams of ____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.[A] there being a chance [B] there be a chance[C] there to be a chance [D] being a chance11. There is ____ that this has been a difficult year for the company.[A] not to deny [B] not denying [C] no denying [D] without denying12. I have always regretted ____ harder at school.[A] to have to studied [B] not study[C] not having studied [D] not to study13. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.[A] you to delay making [B] your delaying making[C] your delaying to make [D] you delay to make14. ____ all night in the rain caused him to catch a cold.[A] He worked [B] He to work [C] Him to work [D] His working15. No one then thought Tom’s suggestion was worth ____.[A] to be considered [B] to consider[C] considering [D] being considered16. ____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her p arents wished for.[A] The girl was educated [B] The girl educated[C] The girl’s being educated [D] The girl to be educated17. There is a regulation which forbids ____ in public places.[A] smoking [B] to smoke [C] smoke [D] from smoking不定式练习题18. The students expected there ____ more reviewing classes before the final exam.[A] is [B] being [C] have been [D] to be19. It isn’t cold enough for there ____ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.[A] would be [B] being [C] was [D] to be20. For there ____ successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.[A] is [B] to be [C] will be [D] being21. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ____.[A] noticed [B] to be noticed [C] noticing [D] being noticing22. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.[A] to be set up [B] being set up[C] to have been set up [D] having been set up23. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ____ the last bus.[A] to have caught[B] to catch [C] catching [D] having caught24. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____ in broad daylight yesterday.[A] to be robbed [B] robbed[C] to have been robbed [D] having been robbed25. I advise them to withdraw ____.[A] so as to get not involved [B] so as not to get involved[C] so that not to get involved [D] as not to get involved26. Would you ____ to give me a helping hand when I move to the new house?[A] be so kind [B] be kind as [C] be so kind as [D] be kind27. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along ____ to spend most of their time together.[A] so well [B] too well [C] well as [D] well enough28. Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about ____ compliments to his political leaders.[A] paying [B] having paid [C] to pay [D] to have paid29. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ____ to find it locked.[A] just [B] only [C] hence [D] thus30. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ____ out of the office.[A] went [B] gone [C] to go [D] would go31. Do you remember ____ to Professor Smith during your last visit?[A] to be introduced [B] having introduced[C] being introduced [D] to have introduced32. She moved closer ____ what she was saying.[A] for my hearing [B] for me to hear[C] as to for me to hear [D] in order I to hear33. The tourists decided not to make a trip to that ancient temple ____.[A] but stay where they were [B] but staying where they were[C] but to stay where they were [D] instead of staying where they were34. Did you notice the little boy ____ away?[A] took the candy and run [B] taking the candy and run[C] take the candy and run [D] who taking the candy and running35. The pressure ____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.[A] to compete [B] competing[C] to be competed [D] having competed36. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature.[A] receive [B] received [C] to receive [D] she received37. Madame Curie is believed ____ the radium.[A] discovering [B] having discovered[C] to have discovered [D] to discover分词练习题38. Doctors see a connection between increased amounts of time spent ____ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe [B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed [D] sunbathing39. How many of us ____, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?[A] attended [B] attending [C] to attend [D] have attended40. My students found the book ____: it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.[A] enlightening [B] confusing [C] distracting [D] amusing41. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ____ in the dictionary.[A] missing [B] losing [C] dropping [D] leaking42. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women ____ this field is climbing.[A] engaging [B] devoting [C] registering [D] pursuing43. There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently ____ what he thought wasa reason for this American characteristic.[A] giving [B] gave [C] to give [D] given44. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ____ insufficiently popular with all members.[A] being considered [B] considering[C] to be considered [D] having considered45. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ____ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.[A] to be deserted [B] having deserted[C] to have been deserted [D] having been deserted46. Most people were no longer listening to his long ____ story.[A] annoying [B] boring [C] tiring [D] weary47. ____ a hot day, I decided to go for a swim.[A] What [B] Being [C] It being [D] Such48. The European Convention on Human Rights is legally ____ in Britain.[A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining49. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ____ one major point in contrast with the other.[A] makes [B] made [C] is to make [D] making50. All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.[A] were canceled [B] had been canceled[C] having canceled [D] having been canceled51. ____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.[A] Having believed [B] Believing[C] Believed [D] Being believed52. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____in Cuba.[A] being cultivated [B] having cultivated[C] been cultivated [D] cultivating53. Walking home, ____.[A] a noise frightened the little girl [B] a noise was frightening to the little girl[C] the little girl was frightening at a noise [D] the little girl was frightened by a noise.54. They knocked at every door, ____ people to buy their products.[A] urged [B] urging [C] to urge [D] having urged55. Playing the trumpet with dazzling originality, ____ dominated jazz for 20 years.[A] Louis Armstrong’s talent [B] the influence of Louis Armstrong[C] the music of Louis Armstrong [D] Louis Armstrong56. The children went there to watch the iron tower ____.[A] to erect [B] be erected [C] erecting [D] being erected57. The fog ____ dense, all the planes were suspended.[A] is [B] was [C] being [D] having been58. John was so ____ in his book that he did not hear the door bell ring.[A] engaged [B] occupied [C] absorbed [D] concentrated59. After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels ____.[A] exhaustive [B] exhausting [C] exhaust [D] exhausted60. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.[A] being lost [B] having lost [C] losing [D] lost61. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ____ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.[A] adapted [B] acknowledged [C] assembled [D] appointed62. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ____ to carrying out the plan.[A] obliged [B] committed [C] engaged [D] resolved63. ____ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.[A] To be free [B] Freeing [C] To free [D] Freed64. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone ____ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.[A] adding [B] to have added [C] to add [D] added65. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ____ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce [B] announced [C] announcing [D] was announced66. Bill laid down that everybody was ____ to privacy.[A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified67. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.[A] performed [B] performing [C] to be performed [D] being performed68. In spite of his broken English, he finally made himself ____.[A] understood [B] understand[C] being understood [D] having understood69. If you want ____ on time, you have to act now.[A] that the job is done [B] the job done[C] to have done the job [D] the job that is done70. ____ the result of the test, he stood still at the door, ____.[A] To learn; disappointed [B] Learning; disappointing[C] Learning; disappointed [D] Having learned; disappointing71. Lucy is very shy and never speaks ____.[A] until spoken to [B] unless spoken[C] unless speaking to [D] until speaking72. The village elder was a ____ man with an ____ memory.[A] respected; astonishing [B] respecting; astonished[C] respecting; astonishing [D] respected; astonished定语从句练习题1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops.[A] by which alone [B] so that [C] because [D] though2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves.[A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year.[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which[C] the largest one [D] the largest of which6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today.[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory.[A] which to base on [B] on which to base[C] to base on which [D] which to be based on9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.[A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is11. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago.[A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life.[A] which [B] therefore [C] who [D] so that13. The minister was the person ____.[A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor[C] for him the state dinner was given honor [D] whose honor the state dinner was given14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.[A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures,the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.[A] As [B] What [C] That [D] It16. He had more dictionaries than ____ for his work.[A] they are needed [B] were necessary[C] it was needed [D] necessary were they17. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ____ in traditional media.[A] exist [B] exists [C] existing [D] to exist18. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established ____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless19. ____ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s need is a package deal.”[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus20. The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.[A] where [B] which [C] of which [D] in which名词从句练习题21. In actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.[A] What little [B] So much [C] How much [D] So little22. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ____ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed [B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed [D] how what you have observed23. I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it.[A] whomever [B] someone [C] whoever [D] anyone24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.[A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which25. Although ____ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.[A] which [B] what [C] how [D] it26. ____ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late [D] Being a few minutes late27. Concerns were raised ____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that28. ____our team seems to lack at the moment is the determination ____ it will win.[A] Whatever; that [B] What; that[C] That; whether [D] Whether; that29. It’s doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.[A] whether [B] that [C] how [D] what30. Y ou may rely on ____ everything will be ready by Monday.[A] that [B] what [C] which [D] it that状语从句练习题31. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ____ it hasall but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as [B] which [C] that [D] what32. Give me your telephone number ____ I need your help.[A] whether [B] unless [C] so that [D] in case33. ____ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New Y ork city.[A] Although [B] Since [C] As [D] When34. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been establishment.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing35. We are extremely sensitive to smells, ____ we do not generally realize it.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that37. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ____ she could remember who last borrowed it.[A] ever since [B] much as [C] even though [D] if only38. ____industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower is booming.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since39. ____ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that40. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your testscores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when41. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter ____ he does.[A] how [B] where [C] what [D] when42. Y ou can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don’t mind taking the night train.[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until43. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ____ the expenses have risen.[A] even though [B] just because [C] now that [D] as though44. It is ____ that we’ll have to be very careful.[A] a so big work [B] a so big job [C] such a big job [D] sucha big work45. ____ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.[A] That [B] Because [C] Whatever [D] However46. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework ____ hard she tries.[A] for [B] as [C] how [D] however47. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.[A] For now [B] Since that [C] Now that [D] By now48. ____the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that49. On a raining day I was driving north through V ermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which [B] where [C] when [D] that50. The draft bill will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case ____ a trial begins.[A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as51. ____they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious.[A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because52. A variety of activities should be organized ____ participants can remain active as long as they want.[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if53. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ____ avoiding market cycles.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas倒装、强调和省略结构练习题1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.[A] With hard work [B] By hard work[C] Only with hard work [D] Through hard work2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ write correctly.[A] y ou will [B] you can [C] can you [D] can’t you3. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.[A] although [B] as [C] how [D] which4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.[A] being there [B] should there be[C] there was [D] there having been5. The business of each day, ____ sellin goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose [B] would have lost[C] might lose [D] ought to have lost7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is [D] and so is8. ____ do we go for picnic.[A] Certainly [B] Sometimes [C] Seldom [D] Once9. V itamins do not provide energy, ____ do they construct or build any part of the body.[A] either [B] so [C] nor [D] never10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.[A] Had it not been [B] Were it not[C] Be it not [D] Should it not be11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ____ come to a sound conclusion.[A] can you [B] would you [C] you will [D] you can12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.[A] so doesn’t rubber [B] also doesn’t rubber[C] nor does rubber [D] nor rubber doesl3. So involved with their computers ____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children [B] become the children[C] had the children become [D] do the children become14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be [B] being [C] were [D] are15. “____ during the performance of this trick, ladies and gentleman, do my hands actually leave my arms.” said the magician.[A] On time [B] In no time [C] At no time [D] At times16. ____, I still enjoy driving even after my accident.[A] It may seem strange though [B] Strange though it may seem[C] Though strange it may seem [D] Strange it may seem thoughl7. In vain ____ to discover what had happened before they got there.[A] did they try [B] they tried [C] tried they [D] they had tried18. So fast ____ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.[A] light travels[B] travels light[C] does light travel [D] do light travel19. Not until ____ himself seriously ill.[A] did he complete the task he had found [B] had he completed the task did he find[C] he completed the task had he found [D] he had completed the task did he find20. Little ____ his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.[A] did we think [B] we think [C] we did think [D] we thought虚拟语气练习题21. If I were in the movie, then it would be about time that I ____ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury [B] am burying [C] buried [D] would bury22. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ____ in the home.[A] worked [B] would work [C] work [D] were working23. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week.[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was24. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ ina religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed25. A safety analysis ____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.[A] would identify [B] will identify[C] would have identified [D] will have identified26. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.[A] offend [B] had offended[C] should have offended [D] might have offended27. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.[A] shouldn’t contact [B] didn’t contact[C] weren’t to contact [D] hadn’t contacted28. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.[A] had to be printed [B] should have been printed[C] must be printed [D] should be printed29. If the doctor had been available, the child ____.[A] would not die [B] would not have died[C] could not die [D] had not died30. Nothing terrible has happened—because we should certainly have been informed of it if it __.[A] should happen [B] happen [C] would happed [D] hadhappened31. But that he ____ short of money at the time he would have come to help us.[A] had been [B] was [C] has been [D] would be32. Mike’s uncle insists ____ in this hotel.[A] staying not [B] not to stay[C] that he would not stay [D] that he not stay33. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ____ your advice.[A] follow [B] had followed [C] would follow [D] have followed34. If you had worked hard before, you ____ worried about the coming examination now.[A] would not be [B] would not have been[C] are not [D] will not be35. But for the traffic jam, we ____ earlier.[A] should arrive [B] should have arrived[C] shall arrive [D] have arrived36. When he was asked why his friend had not accepted the offer, he suggested that his friend’s pride ____ him from accepting.[A] prevents [B] prevented [C] prevent [D] should prevent37. I didn’t go to the cinema to see The Titanic yesterday, but I do wish I ____it.[A] see [B] have seen [C] saw [D] had seen38. She wishes that she ____ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.[A] studied [B] would study[C] would have studied [D] had studied39. I don’t know what courses I’m going to do nextsemester, but it’s about time ____ on something.[A] I’d decide [B] I decided [C] I decide [D] I’m deciding40. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.[A] is not started [B] will not be started[C] not be started [D] is not to be started词组练习题1. They have decided to ________ physical punishment in all local schools.A) put away B) break away from C) do away with D) pass away2. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A) drawing on B) drawing in C) drawing up D) drawing down3. She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of th e company’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.A) dwell on B) come upon C) base on D) draw upon4. The high school my daughter studies in is ________ our university.A) linked by B) affiliated with C) mingled with D) relevant to5. While fashion is thought of usually ________ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.A) in relation to B) in proportion to C) by means of D) on behalf of6. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ________ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up7. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the。

（一）情态动词一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。

在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1．表示已经发生的情况。

1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。

如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案为C）2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。

如：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received（答案为A）3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。

如：At Florida Power’s Crystal Ri ver plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.2．表示虚拟语气。

考研英语语法突破一、时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时：(1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell；(2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate；(3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose；(4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳)；(5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。

如：I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式)He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.(1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式：(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图；(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作；(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如：Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用；(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如：If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow. (画线部分一般不用will be)(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I don’t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。

考研英语入学测试卷试卷说明考试内容：考研英语语法，词汇和阅读理解考试时间：70分钟考试题型：单选题考试目的：检测学员词汇量以及语法的掌握程度，对文章的理解能力和阅读解题技巧。

试卷难度：对大部分学员来说，难度偏大的会是阅读部分。

阅读部分是14年的考研英语阅读真题，难度中等偏上，能比较真实反映出学员的阅读水平。

词汇部分考查的都是考研英语常考的一些词组搭配或辨析，难度不大。

语法部分主要考查六大从句和虚拟语气，难度中等，如果学员还有些语法基础，还是可以做出来。

分值等级：本测试卷60分为及格，75-85为良好，85以上为优秀考查对象：2020考研学员GrammarDirections:There are10incomplete sentences in this part.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.(10’)1.One of the most important questions they had to consider was_____of public health.A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.Which2.Now that we’ve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions_______?A.TakingB.TakeC.TakenD.To take3.____is generally accepted,economical growth is determined by the smoothdevelopment of production.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As4.I refuse to accept the blame for something_____was someone else’s fault.A.WhoB.ThatC.AsD.What5.Mary made coffee____her guests were finishing their meal.A.So thatB.AlthoughC.WhileD.As if6.Concerns were raised____witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their storiesin court to ensure guilty verdicts.A.WhatB.WhenC.WhichD.That7.We haven’t discussed yet____we are going to place our new furnitureA.ThatB.whichC.WhatD.Where8.All the dishes in this menu,____otherwise stated,will serve two to three people.A.AsB.IfC.ThoughD.Unless9.It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes____place in our ever-changing world.A.TakingB.To takeC.TakeD.Taken10.We____last night,but we went to the concert insteadA.Must have studiedB.Might studyC.Should have studiedD.Would studyVocabularyDirections:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.(5’)1.Our____with the President at the airport was exciting.A.ArrivalB.EncounterC.endeavorD.Refreshment2.Meeting new people widened the young man’s____.A.JoysB.HorizonsC.RangeD.Course3.The____of medical knowledge is being pushed farther onwards as time goes on.A.PotentialB.MultitudeC.FrontierD.Leap4.Married couples can get a divorce if they find they are not____.patibleparablefortablemunicable5.A hundred dollars will be___to buy a home computer.A.EfficientB.SufficientC.EffectiveD.Proficient6.Because of the close____of architects and builders,the building was completedahead of schedule.A.SimulationpositionC.CollaborationD.Inflation7.The shop manager said that he intended to____the less efficient members of hisstaff.A.ResignB.DismissC.EmployD.Appoint8.You will have to work hard to____the time you lost.A.Make use ofB.Make up forC.Make way ofD.Make room for9.The colors of that coat and hat don’t____.A.SuitB.MixC.Matchpare10.Although I spoke to him many times,he never took any___of what I said.A.NoticeB.RemarkC.ObservationD.Attention11.I don’t really know how to___the problem.A.DrawB.DealC.CopeD.Tackle12.You will find the scenery is so beautiful if you view from the___of the hill.A.CeilingB.SummitC.MantleD.Roof13.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without hisparents’_____.mandB.ConvictionC.Consentpromise14.The government provides employment and training services for workers and____for those who are temporarily out of work.A.MakeposeC.RelieveD.Resettle15.Sometimes____matters may result in surprising large effects.A.PredictableB.BigC.TrivialD.Imaginable16.The badly wounded have___for medical attention over those slightly hurt.A.AdvantagesB.BenefitsC.PrivilegesD.Subsidies17.He isn’t legally responsible for his nephew,but he feels he has a moral___tohelp him.A.ObservationB.ObligationC.ObjectionD.Obstruction18.The price of vegetables____accoeding to the weatherA.FormulatesB.FlourishesC.FluctuatesD.Frames19.I don’t mind____criticism but if you are just going to insult me I am notstaying.A.RelativeB.ProductiveC.DescriptiveD.Constructive20.As you have seen,the value of a nation’s currency is a___of its economy.A.reactionB.ResponseC.ReflectionD.RevelationReadingDirections:You are going to read two articles.Answer the questions based on what you have read.(4’)Text1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the“great game”of espionage--spying as a“profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years,the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.The spooks call it“open-source intelligence,”and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential.In1995the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner,by a large margin,was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford,Inc.,a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin,Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution,a spymaster’s st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“As soon as that report runs,we’ll suddenly get 500new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman,a former political science professor.“And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks,of course,since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of20in Austin.Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford,says Friedman,takes pride in its independent voice.1.The emergence of the Net has________.A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession2.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to________.A.introduce the topic of online spyingB.show how he fought for the U.S.C.give an episode of the information warD.honor his unique services to the CIA3.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(Line1,Paragraph3)most probably means ________.A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity4.It can be learned from Paragraph4that________.A.Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information5.Straitford is most proud of its________.A.official statusB.nonconformist imageC.efficient staffitary backgroundText2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of200law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam..This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employprofessional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries, such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.6.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to____.A.the growing demand from clients.B.the increasing pressure of inflation.C.the prospect of working in big firms.D.the attraction of financial rewards.7.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?A.Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.B.Admissions approval from the bar association.C.Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.D.Receiving training by professional associations.8.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from_____.wyers’and clients’strong resistance.B.the rigid bodies governing the profession.C.the stern exam for would-be lawyers.D.non-professionals’sharp criticism.9.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because it____.A.bans outsiders’involvement in the profession.B.keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.C.aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.D.prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.10.In this text,the author mainly discusses______.A.flawed ownership of America’s law firms and causes.B.the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American.C.a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.D.the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.请在下页答题卡处作答，并拍照发给班主任老师批改写在试卷上无效答题卡学生姓名：班主任：分数：Grammar1—5：、、、、6—10：、、、、Vocabulary1—5：、、、、6—10：、、、、：、、、、16—20：、、、、ReadingText11—5：、、、、Text26—10：、、、、。

考研英语语法真题答案考研英语语法真题答案考研英语语法部分一直是考生们备考的重点和难点之一。

语法题目涉及到句子结构、词性、语态、时态等多个方面，要求考生对英语语法规则有较深入的理解和掌握。

下面将针对一些常见的考研英语语法真题进行解析和答案分析。

1. The man ________ you borrowed the money is my best friend.A. from whomB. from whoseC. whoseD. whom答案：A. from whom解析：本题考察的是定语从句的引导词和位置。

定语从句修饰先行词man，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词whom。

同时，从句中缺少介词，所以用from whom。

2. ________ the heavy rain, the match was not canceled.A. In spite ofB. AlthoughC. Because ofD. Due to答案：A. In spite of解析：本题考察的是连词的用法。

句子的主干是the match was not canceled，而in spite of是一个短语，表示尽管，用来引导一个状语从句，表示让步关系。

3. I would rather you ________ me the truth.A. tellB. toldC. to tellD. telling答案：B. told解析：本题考察的是虚拟语气的用法。

would rather后面接的是从句，从句中的谓语动词要用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟情况。

4. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.A. don't makeB. not makeC. not makingD. didn't make答案：B. not make解析：本题考察的是宾语从句的语序。

2019考研英语语法解析：非谓语动词（5）目标测试1.______in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut.A.To make high scoresB.Making high scoresC.To make low goalD.Making low goal2.I found ________ to answer all the questions within the time given.A.no possibilityB.there was impossibilityC.impossibleD.it impossible3.The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A.isB.beingC.have beenD.to be4.You re going to England next year. You should now practise ______ English as much as possible.A. speakB. to speakC. speakingD. Speak about5.If we don t start out now, we must risk ______ the train.A. miss B missing C. being missed D to miss6. The flexibility of film allows the artist _______ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.A.to bringB.briningC.is broughtD.brings7.Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair____.A. to sitB.for to sit onC.to sit onD.for sitting8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort ______ her?A.pleaseB.pleasedC.to pleaseD.having pleased9.Lots of empty boots were found under the old man s bed. He must have done nothing but ______.A. drinkB. to drinkC. drinkingD. drunk10.The local health organization is reported ___ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president.A. to be set upB. being set upC. to have been set upD. having been set up11.I heard him __the doorA. lockingB. to lockC. lockD. being locking12.He does nothing but___A. complainingB.to complainingC. complainD. to complain13.The students expected there___ more reviewing classes before the final exam.A. isB. being C have been D. to be14. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ___ in broad daylight yesterday.A. to be robbedB. robbedC. to have been robbedD. having been robbed15.I appreciated ______the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A. having been givenB. having beenC. to have been givenD. to have given16.There is no point ___further.A. argueB. to argueC. arguingD. being arguing17.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ___with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.A. combinedB. having combinedC. combineD. being combined18.They stopped ___, but now I m getting interested.A.listeningB.to listenC. listenD. having listening19.I am sorry to hear that you resorted ___A. to cheatB. to cheatingC. cheatingD.cheat20.He wasn t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ___ insufficiently popular with all members.A. being consideredB. considering.C. to be consideredD. having considered21.___of the burden of ice , the balloon climber up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. FreeingC. To freeD. Freed22.___exceptions, the rule may stand.A. Allow forB. Allowing forC. To allowD. To allow for23.All flights___ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceled24.John painted her sitting in a chair with her hands ___A. foldingB. to have foldedC. to foldD. folded25.It s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes ___place in our ever-changing world.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. taken。

考研语法习题一、选择题1.—— Could you please tell me _______?—— Sure, it is on the second floor.A. where is the libraryB. where the library isC. the library where isD. is the library where2. She sings _______ than anyone else in the choir.A. more beautifullyB. the most beautifullyC. beautifullyD. most beautifully3. If I _______ him, I would give him the message.A. seeB. will seeC. sawD. have seen4. _______ from his illness, he was unable to attend the meeting.A. SufferingB. SufferedC. SuffersD. To suffer5. Mother asked me _______ during the winter vacation.A. thatB. whereC. whetherD. when6. —— I bought this dictionary from the bookstore.—— How much did you _______ for it?A. payB. costC. takeD. spend7. They couldn't go far because they _______ enough money with them.A. didn't takeB. haven't takenC. wouldn't takeD. weren't taking8. _______ I never met him, I could tell you what he looks like.A. For allB. Except thatC. AlthoughD. As9. ——How do you find your new job?——I _______ by train, and then take the bus.A. have got to goB. used to goC. have to goD. ought to go10. Can you tell me _______?A. how fast does light travelB. how fast light does travelC. how does light fast travelD. how light fast does travel二、填空题1. Neither the TV nor the radio _______ working.2. The doctor suggested _______ eating more fruit.3. All of the students, as well as the teacher, _______ present at the meeting.4. The more books we read, _______.5. What you said just now has _______.三、改错题1. Neither Tom or Mary were present at the party.2. My sister has many hobbies, include playing the piano and cooking.3. She used to be afraid of dogs, but now she doesn't.4. It was a hot day, but Alice didn't fall asleep until very late.5. He told me that he usually goes to bed at 11 o'clock last night.四、翻译题1. 他说他每天早上跑步锻炼30分钟。

2023考研英语田静语法及长难句全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you about something really cool - the 2023 graduate English exam by Tian Jing. It's all about grammar rules and super long sentences that tie your brain in knots! I know it sounds kind of boring, but trust me, it's actually pretty fun if you like cracking codes and solving puzzles.Let's start with the grammar part. The grammar rules are like the building blocks of the English language. Without them, sentences would just be a jumbled mess of words with no sense at all. It would be like trying to build a castle out of Lego bricks, but with no instructions to follow. Yikes!One of the most important grammar rules is about subject-verb agreement. That means the subject (the noun doing the action) and the verb (the action word) have to match up properly. For example, you can't say "He walk to school" because "he" is singular, but "walk" is plural. The right way is "He walks to school." Easy peasy, right?Next up, we have those crazy long sentences that make your head spin. I'm talking about sentences that go on and on, with clause after clause, until you've totally forgotten what the main idea was supposed to be! It's like being lost in a never-ending maze of words.But you know what? Tackling those long sentences is kind of like playing a game of mental gymnastics. You have to keep track of all the different parts, figure out how they relate to each other, and then put the whole thing together in your mind. It's a real brain workout!Now, I know what you're thinking: "Why do we have to learn all this complicated stuff?" Well, here's the thing: being able to understand and use proper grammar and sentence structure is super important for clear communication. It's like having a secret code that lets you express your thoughts and ideas in a way that everyone can understand.Imagine trying to give directions to your friend's house, but instead of saying "Turn left at the big oak tree, then go straight for two blocks," you just said a jumbled mess of words like "Tree big left straight blocks two." Your friend would be totally lost!So, while it might seem tedious at times, learning all those grammar rules and practicing with those long sentences isactually really useful. It's like leveling up your language skills to become a master communicator!And you know what else? Mastering grammar and sentence structure can even help you in other subjects, like math and science. After all, those subjects have their own sets of rules and formulas that you need to follow precisely. If you can nail the grammar stuff, tackling those other subjects will be a piece of cake!Alright, I think that's enough talking about grammar and sentences for now. Let's take a little break and play some word games or something. But remember, even though it might seem tough at times, learning all those rules and practicing with those crazy long sentences is totally worth it in the end. You'll be a language warrior, ready to take on the world with your mad communication skills!Who's with me? Let's go crush those Tian Jing grammar and sentence challenges!篇2The Big Tough English Exam for Grown-UpsHi there, kids! Today, we're going to talk about something called the "Graduate English Exam". It's a really important test that older students have to take if they want to go to an even bigger school after college. Sounds pretty scary, right?Well, one part of this exam is all about grammar. You know what grammar is, right? It's those rules we have to follow when putting words together to make sense. Things like where to put verbs, how to make plurals, and all that good stuff. The graduate exam has a whole section just on grammar rules!Now, there's this really smart lady named Tian Jing who is an expert on English grammar for these big tests. She wrote a special book all about the grammar rules that show up most often. Her book helps students learn the tricky grammar they need to know.One of the biggest challenges is something called "long difficult sentences". Yeah, you guessed it - those are sentences that just go on and on and on! They have so many clauses and phrases packed in that they can make your head spin. Like this one:"After having been told by their teacher that they would be going on a field trip to the museum the following week, providedthat the weather was sunny and warm, the excited students could hardly wait for their parents to sign the permission slips."Whew, that's a mouthful! See how it keeps adding more and more details in between all the parts? That's what makes it so difficult.Tian Jing's book teaches special tricks for understanding these crazy-long sentences. One trick is breaking them down piece by piece to identify the main subject, verb, and other important parts. Another is looking for clue words that separate the different clauses and phrases.Some of the other grammar topics covered are things like:Parallel structure (making sure similar parts of a sentence follow the same patterns)Modifiers (describing words that have to go in just the right place)Verb tenses (using the correct past, present, future verb forms)The book explains all the rules simply, with lots of examples. It's like having your own grammar tutor!Can you imagine having to take a test with all those big, grown-up grammar concepts? I'm getting tongue-tied just thinking about it! That's why I'm really glad experts like Tian Jing are out there, helping older students get prepared for these huge challenges.Well, that's all for my lesson on the "2023 Graduate English Exam: Grammar and Long Difficult Sentences by Tian Jing". Let me know if you have any other questions! Maybe we can get a few more grammar lessons in before naptime.篇3Grammar is So Hard for the Big Test!Hi friends! Tommy here. I'm in 5th grade and I really want to go to a great university when I'm older. But first, I have to take this huge test called the graduate entrance exam. Part of it is all about English grammar and understanding super long, crazy sentences. My teacher says it's going to be really hard, but I'm trying my best to get ready.The first thing I'm studying is parts of speech. Those are all the different types of words like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and more. Nouns are person, place, or thing words. Verbs are actionwords. Adjectives describe nouns. It's important to know what role each word plays in a sentence.Then there are all the different verb tenses. Simple present tense is like "I play soccer." Simple past is "I played soccer yesterday." There's also present progressive which is "I am playing soccer right now!" My head is spinning just thinking about all the tenses I need to learn - past perfect, future perfect, and more. Yikes!Next up is subject-verb agreement. This means making sure my verbs match up with the subjects properly. Like "He runs fast" instead of "He run fast." It seems easy but there are so many rules around singular and plural subjects. I always have to double check myself.But the hardest part might be the long, complicated sentences on the reading comprehension. The passages are filled with sentences that go on forever with multiple clauses, phrases, and all sorts of craziness. Like this one:"Having understood that successfully navigating the intricacies of the language section, replete with examinations on grammatical concepts ranging from noun clauses and conditionals to voice and mechanics, in addition to emphasizing proficient comprehension of extensive passages containingeloquently constructed but extraordinarily protracted sentences like this very one, would be paramount to achieving exceptional results, the tenacious student invested copious efforts into diligent preparation."See what I mean? Who can even understand what that's trying to say? There are so many crazy words, and clauses within clauses. Sometimes I get lost and have to start over two or three times. My teacher says I need to learn to identify the subject, verb, clauses, and structure to follow along. Ugh, it's so hard!Despite how difficult and confusing English grammar can be, I'm not giving up. I'm going to study my strategies for sentence analysis every day. I'll learn all the rules for verbs, nouns, adjectives and more. Pretty soon, I'll be a grammar genius! Well, maybe not a genius. But at least I'll pass that crazy test. Then it's on to my dream university. Keep studying, grammar stars!篇42023 Exam English Grammar and Long Sentences by TinaHi everyone! My name is Tina and I'm in 5th grade. I love reading, writing, and learning about English. My big sister is studying really hard to take the graduate entrance exam nextyear. She's been asking me to help her practice English grammar and long sentence structure. I've been learning a lot too!One of the biggest things in English grammar is parts of speech. There are 8 main parts: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns are people, places, things or ideas. Verbs are action words. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Pronouns take the place of nouns. Prepositions show location or direction. Conjunctions join words or sentences. Interjections are neat words that show emotion like "Wow!"It's really important to identify the parts of speech to understand how sentences are built. Simple sentences have a subject and a verb like "The cat ran." More complex sentences add objects, like "The cat chased the mouse." You can expand on that by adding adjectives, like "The gray cat quickly chased the tiny mouse." See how those describing words make it more clear?One of the hardest things about English is getting the verb tenses right. There are simple tenses like past, present, and future. But then there are perfect tenses too. Like, "I had walked" is past perfect. "I will have walked" is future perfect. Keeping those all straight is tricky!Another grammar key is subject-verb agreement. Singular subjects get singular verbs and plural subjects get plural verbs. Like, "The boy runs" but "The boys run." Seems easy but it gets harder with collective nouns and phrases between the subject and verb.Oh and you have to watch out for common grammar mistakes! Things like run-on sentences, fragments, misplaced modifiers, and pronoun disagreement errors. A bunch of grammar rules to remember. Sometimes I feel like my head will explode from all the exceptions and special cases!My big sister has also been practicing really long, complex sentences for her exam. Long sentences can communicate sophisticated ideas but they have to be structured properly. You need the right punctuation, parallel construction, and transition words to make them flow logically.Here's an example of a grammar-perfect but crazy long sentence:After being rudely awoken by the buzzing of the alarm at the crack of dawn, fumbling to locate her phone with blurred,half-open eyes, only to realize it was not her typical wake-up call but rather a dreadfully ominous emergency notification, Samantha, an up-and-coming marketing executive who typicallyexuded an air of calm and composure even in the mosthigh-pressure situations, felt her heart beginning to palpitate rapidly as her mind raced with visions of potential calamities, fearing the absolute worst until she regained enough wherewithal to actually read the message, her worries momentarily dissipating as it mereCly warned of an impending storm, only to resurface when glancing out the window to dark, ominous clouds forming on the horizon, knowing her already daunting morning commute would likely descend into sheer chaos and gridlock, as it so often did during inclement weather conditions in this ill-equipped, traffic-clogged metropolis.Phew! I need to take a breath after that one. Long sentences are no joke. You have to be really careful with all the clauses, commas, parallel construction, and making sure everything is grammatically correct. The grammar rules get extra tricky with the length and complexity.My sister has shown me tons of examples of long, confusing sentences from past exams. Some look like mistranslated jibberish from another language. Others start making sense but then trail off into a labyrinth of dependent clauses and prepositional phrases that leaves you scratching your head.I admire her persistence for grinding away at all those practice sentences. But as a 5th grader, I have to admit that a lot of the long, complicated grammatical structures go way over my head. I'm still working on mastering the basics of simple and compound sentences. Maybe by high school I'll be ready to dive into the dizzying world of sophisticated grammar constructions!For now, I'll do my best to help my sister review parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation rules. Baby steps towards untangling the enigma that is the English language. I'm rooting for her to ace that grammar section! Maybe one day I'll be up for those mind-bending long sentences myself. But today is not that day.Thanks for reading my article! I hope it gave you akids-eye-view into some of the grammar concepts being prepped for the big 2023 exam. While some grammatical rules can seem awfully convoluted to a 10-year-old, I have a new appreciation for just how elaborate and nuanced the English language can be, especially at advanced levels. Kudos to anyone grinding through those labyrinthine sentence practice drills! I'm sticking to "See Spot run" for now.篇5Sure! Here's a 1000-word article on "Tian Jing's Grammar and Complex Sentences in the 2023 Postgraduate Entrance Examination" written in English, using a language style suitable for elementary school students:Learning Grammar with Tian Jing and Her Amazing Sentences!Hey there, fellow little learners! Today, we're going to dive into the exciting world of grammar and tackle some tricky long sentences with our friend, Tian Jing. She's a smart lady who knows all about English grammar, and she's here to help us out!What is Grammar?Grammar is like the rules of a language. Just like when you play a game, there are certain rules you need to follow to make sure everything makes sense. In English, grammar helps us put words together in the right way, so we can express ourselves clearly.Meet Tian Jing!Tian Jing is a famous scholar who loves studying grammar. She believes that understanding grammar can make our English better and more powerful. She's known for her amazing ability to create long and complex sentences that impress everyone!Let's Learn from Tian Jing!Nouns: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. For example, "dog," "cat," "book," and "happiness" are all nouns. Tian Jing loves using nouns to describe things vividly. She says, "The fluffy white clouds floated gracefully across the bright blue sky, like cotton candy in the air!"Verbs: Verbs are action words that show what someone or something is doing. For example, "run," "jump," "eat," and "play" are verbs. Tian Jing uses verbs to make her sentences lively. She says, "Lisa giggled with joy as she danced happily under the rainbow."Adjectives: Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They tell us more about the noun. For example, "big," "happy," "red," and "beautiful" are adjectives. Tian Jing uses adjectives to paint colorful pictures in our minds. She says, "The tall, majestic tree stood proudly in the middle of the lush green forest."Adverbs: Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They tell us how, when, or where something happens. For example, "quickly," "happily," "now," and "here" are adverbs. Tian Jing uses adverbs to add extra details to her sentences. She says, "The little bird chirped cheerfully as it flew gracefully through the sky."Complex Sentences: Tian Jing loves to challenge herself by creating long and complex sentences. These sentences have more than one clause, and they make her writing more interesting. For example, she says, "Although it was raining heavily, the brave children continued playing soccer in the muddy field, laughing and cheering each other on."Why Learn Grammar?Learning grammar helps us become better communicators. When we understand grammar, we can express our ideas clearly and write amazing stories or essays, just like Tian Jing! It also helps us understand what we read and follow instructions correctly.Practice Makes Perfect!To become grammar superstars like Tian Jing, we need to practice. We can read books, write stories, and have fun with grammar games. The more we practice, the better we'll get!ConclusionLearning grammar doesn't have to be boring, my little friends. With the help of Tian Jing and her incredible sentences, we can learn grammar in a fun and exciting way. So let's dive into the world of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and complex sentences, and become grammar superheroes!Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep learning, keep exploring, and soon you'll be writing like a pro. Good luck on your grammar adventures!Note: This article is a fictional piece written for entertainment purposes. Tian Jing is a made-up character created solely for this article.篇6Studying for the Big TestWow, the 2023 postgraduate exam in English is coming up soon! I've been working really hard to get ready. My big sister is taking it, and she's been telling me all about the grammar andthose super long, twisted sentences they make you read. It sounds kind of scary, but also fun to learn!The first thing she taught me about English grammar for the test is all the verb tenses. In English, we have simple tenses like present ("I walk"), past ("I walked"), and future ("I will walk"). But then there are fancy progressive tenses with "is/was/will be" plus the -ing form, like "I am walking" for present progressive. There are also perfect tenses with "have/had/will have" plus the past participle, like "I have walked" for present perfect. And you can combine them into tenses like past perfect progressive ("I had been walking"). Phew, that's a lot of tenses!My sister showed me how to keep the subject and verb straight, even in complex sentences. Like, "The student who is studying grammar will pass the test." See how "student" is the subject, and it matches with "will pass"? Super important to make those agree. Sometimes there are multiple clauses or phrases packed into one sentence, so you have to carefully follow the subject trail.Then there are all the different kinds of clauses and phrases to learn about. Like adjective clauses that modify nouns ("The student who studies will pass"). Or adverb clauses that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs ("Because she studied hard,she passed"). Noun clauses can act as subjects or objects ("What she said was correct"). It makes my head spin a little!Another tricky part is identifying things like gerunds, infinitives, and participles. A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that acts like a noun, like "Swimming is fun." Infinitives are the "to" form, like "to swim." And participles are-ing forms or -ed forms that act as adjectives, like "the swimming dog" or "the baked bread." You have to spot them in the sentences."Having been exhausted after an unexpected, grueling hike through the remote wilderness areas, where ferocious grizzlies were rumored to roam, the inexperienced campers, who had hoped to reconnect with nature by "roughing it" for a few days, immediately realized their woeful lack of preparedness for such an expedition upon encountering the first signs of an approaching storm."Whoa! See how it starts with a participle phrase "Having been exhausted..." to describe the subject "the campers"? And there are multiple clauses and phrases packed in there? You really have to follow the trail and think it through step-by-step. No wonder my sister is studying so hard!Even though all these grammar rules and sentence structures seem really hard, I actually find them kind offascinating. It's like cracking a code or solving a puzzle. My big goal is to keep working with my sister so I can start reading some of those crazy-complex sentences and identifying all the elements too. Then maybe in a few years, I'll be ready to take the postgraduate English exam myself!Overall, I've learned that preparation for the English section of the big test requires mastering verb tenses, clauses, phrases, and being able to analyze even the most wildly twisted sentences. It's a huge challenge, but kind of fun if you think of it like one giant game or logic puzzle. I'll keep practicing and doing my best to get ready. Someday I may even be a grammar master myself!。

2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称英语语法与翻译I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings.A. forB. toC. ofD. at2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions:A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. helping3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______.A. got beatB. got beatenC. get beatenD. get beat4. Don’t worry about the seats. T here are ______ chairs in the room.A. bothB. a large amount ofC. plenty ofD. a great deal of5. “In a study of immigrant former Soviet families in Israel, Kopeliovich (2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance had only two children.” ______ is the subject (or doer) of the verb “had” underlined.A. KopeliovichB. maintenanceC. RussianD. family6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees.A. swarmB. shoalC. herdD. flock7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sinkingB. sunkenC. sunkD. sink8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence?A. permitted scatteredB. scatteredC. permittedD. keep9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions.A. inB. forC. atD. of10. The cadets spent ______ their time working out the issue.A. halfB. mostC. moreD. both11. Thirdly, religious institutions, each with its own internal policy structure -- rabbis, priests, and imams passing on beliefs and practices to congregants -- constitute an important external factor adding to the pressures on its members and on their families. What is the predicate verb in this sentence?A. passingB. structureC. constituteD. adding12. In vain _____ to get in touch with the Embassy.A. did they tryB. tried theyC. they triedD. they have tried13. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen.A. prettyB. highlyC. highD. prettily14. For educational systems, the decision on additional languages may be set at the top or left to individual schools. The word “left” is ______A. a nounB. an adjectiveC. a verb(past participle)D. a verb(past tense)15. You ______all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. can not have doneB. must not have doneC. shouldn’t have doneD. needn’t have done16. Computers can be so many complex things, which _______ considered miraculous in the past.A. can beB. have beenC. would have beenD. had been17. The international flight was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. The underlined word means ______.A. call offB. call upC. call forD. call on18. The teaching of _______ is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably.A. howB. whatC. asD. when19. The general practice in systems where all the words uttered in court are recorded and transcribed to form a record that might be consulted on appeal to a higher court is that anything in another language must be translated into the official language, the resulting translation (right or wrong) constituting the official record. Which is the predicate verb of the main sentence？A. are recorded and transcribedB. might be consultedC. isD. must be translated20. Over time, the greater complexity of language engineering (another term tried by some) was recognized, so that it would have to include “a broad range of different sociolinguistic situations at different levels of enlargement (from nation to firm), of a broad range of different interests and population groups (from women to refugees), under widely different communicative circumstances (of media, channels, information processing), and foremost, of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions.” In this sentence, ______ are in the parallel in grammar？A. of different sociolinguistic situations; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of thedifferent ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsB. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; under widely different communicative circumstances; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsC. of different sociolinguistic situations: of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsD. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions21. It’s rather hard to draw a _______ line between the two things.A. clean-cutB. clear-cuttingC. clean-cuttingD. clear-cut22. I did not turn up in the party the day before yesterday, because I ______ forgot it.A. cleanB. clearlyC. cleanlyD. clear23. ______, I’ll have a try.A. To sink or to swimB. Sink or swimC. To sink or swimD. Sinking or swimming24. The Justice Minister of South Africa expressed regret that the law courts continued to be run in English and Afrikaans and supported the ANC position that the policy must be changed. Which two words are in parallel in grammar？A．continued and supported B. expressed and supportedC．expressed and changed D. continued and changed25. He knows little of physics, and ______ of math.A. even moreB. still lessC. no lessD. still more26. There is no man ______ errs.A. whoB. whichC. butD. that27. In ______ are called maintenance programs, the endpoint will still maintain some time for the home language, perhaps once a day for enrichment or one or two subjects still taught in the home language.A. whileB. thatC. whatD. when28. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare.A. fitB. flightC. bundleD. flash29. Let’s ______ we have a million US dollars.A. make believeB. take believeC. feel likeD. let drop30. There ______ out to be in many situations in which organizations (and nations too for that matter) would benefit from a language policy, but do not see it as of high enough priority to develop one.A. turningB. turnsC. turnedD. turn31. He did it in ______ time it took me.A. the one-thirdB. half aC. the doubleD. one-third the32. Who lives in the ______ house?A. new big classical-styleB. classical-style new bigC. new classical-style bigD. big new classical style33. Confounding the issue are the two opposed views brought to language policy questions: the belief that the main goal of language policy is linguistic convergence in order to build national unity and social cohesion, and the contrasting belief that the main goal of language policy must be to maintain linguistic diversity. The subject of the sentence is ______.A. confounding the issueB. the issueC. the belief…and the contrasting beliefD. views34. She made a point ______ coming late so that everyone would look at her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with35. As a general rule, schools teach the literary or written standard form of a language. Under the influence of language teaching ideologies like the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach, they may add the spoken language, but usually as a small part of the curriculum. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______.A. ideologiesB. the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approachC. schoolsD. Some people afore-mentioned36. The post office is only ______ away.A. a stone’s throwB. stone’s throwC. stone throwD. a stone throw37. ______ income tax, rates, and the cost of repairs to the house, Mr. Corder has saved very little this year.A. Thanks toB. What withC. Along withD. Except for38. I was afraid of the tent ______ down during the night.A. being fallenB. fallenC. fallingD. fell39. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed.A. In the consequence ofB. In defiance ofC. In danger ofD. In the event of40. In this section, I propose to look at some cases of community language activism similar to those that have been described but more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement towards autonomy an d eventual independence. In this complex sentence, the phrase “some cases of community language activism” is modified by ______?A. noneB. “similar to those that have been described”C. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case”D. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement to wards autonomy and eventual independence”41. We came to Sichuang Province with an eye to visiting the _______ area.A. poverty-strikingB. poverty-strickenC. poor-strikingD. poor-stricken42. Many a student at this university contemplated ______ to the West of China after graduation.A. to goB. goC. goingD. gone43. The trainer has his students _______ a lot of warming-up exercises each time.A. doneB. to doC. doingD. do44. “As time went on, the Palestine Jewish community took on more of the characteristics of a resistance movement, especially after the publication by the British government of the White Paper threatening to close down Jewish emigration to Palestine just at the time that the Nazi destruction of the European Jewish communities was getting under way.” Which is “the White Paper” used to modify?A. resistance movementB. Jewish communityC. British governmentD. publication45. To teach students English is my ______ duty.A. boundB. bindingC. bindedD. bounden46. He’s dealt _______ and square with me.A. fairB. fairlyB. firm D. firmly47. Earlier scholarship dealing with what Nekvapil (2006) thinks can still be labeled language planning was generally confined to the activities of the governments of independent nation-states. _______ is the predicate verb(s) in the sentence?A. dealing withB. thinksC. can be labeledD. was confined48. _______he uttered the words there was a dead silence.A. DirectlyB. ClearlyC. RightlyD. Ferociously49. Our working assumption in the following will be that local governments will undertake language management to deal with local internal problems – if there is multilingualism, they must establish official or working languages for internal use and for providing services for citizens. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______?A. problemsB. somebody elseC. local governmentsD. citizens50. The lady standing at the corner was a little of ______, I suppose.A. the coquetteB. coquetteC. a coquetteD. coquettes51. Fishman similarly shows how the contemporary status of Yiddish has been buoyed by the addition of sacred ______ political arguments.A. beyondB. beneathC. overD. to52. ______ irritation occur, discontinue use immediately.A. WouldB. MightC. CouldD. Should53. We have never known him ______ his temper before.A. to loseB. loseC. to losingD. losing54. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools.A. declaringB. to declareC. declareD. having declared55. I’d rather you ______ to the library now.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone56. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium.A. displayB. pealC. fitD. slice57. “Efforts to strengthen human rights include providing access to government services for linguistic minorities and education in Kazakh and other minority languages. ” This sentence pattern belongs to _______.A. SVOCB. SVOAC. SVOD. SVC58. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______.A. wit’s endB. wits’ endsC. wits’ endD. wit’s ends59. Mr. Lambert, _____we have made rapid progress in physics, is one of the best teachers in our school.A. whose helpB. of whomC. with whose helpD. with who60. This revealed two generalizations that serve to correct linguicentrism, the tendency to assume language is central. What is the relationship between “linguicentrism” and “tendency” in the sentence?A. no relationB. attributiveC. appositionD. adverbial?61. The woman with strong ambition was finally unsuccessful, ______?A. was the womanB. wasn’t the womanC. was sheD. wasn’t she62. He is about to take the floor ______ language management, which is holding the attention of many experts in the world.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting63. People hate ______ queues everywhere.A. there to beB. there beingC. there beD. there is64. Finally, we sketched language services (translation and interpreting), the rapid recent expansion of which attests the slowness with which other more permanent language management activities achieve worthwhile results. The underlined word “which” refers to ______.A. language servicesB. slownessC. language management activitiesD. expansion65. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so due to the fact that was very late.A. had meantB. meantC. have meantD. mean66. He is ______ than his brother.A. more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more sportsman enoughD. more enough of a sportsman67. “A language community as Hockett (1958) for instance used the term might be the English-speaking world, the complexity of which we realize since Kachru (1986) identified the many varieties which constitute World English, or the Francophone world (although francophonie is more a political than a linguistic concept), or at the other extreme, the last remaining speakers of a dying language.” ______ are in the parallel in grammar in this above sentence？A. the English-speaking world; the complexity; the Francophone world and at the other extremeB. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and at the other extremeC. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying languageD. World English; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language68. Law and order ______ different things to people with different political opinions.A. meantB. meansC. meanD. have meant69. He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good student for ______.A. all thisB. all thoseC. all thatD. all these70. The criminal even threatened ______ the president.A. murderingB. to murderC. to murderingD. murderII.Point out the sentence types of the following, and then enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. There are five sentences in all, each of which is worth four points. (20 points) Eg. The governments shall take measures. →SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.1. The survival of a forest depends on rainfall.2. The deed tarnished his reputation.3. Any effort would require the applicant to prepare.4. Immigrant advocates say the Deferred Action has worked well.5. A school is a school.III. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去。

定语从句练习题1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops.[A] by which alone [B] so that [C] because [D] though2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves.[A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year.[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which[C] the largest one [D] the largest of which6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today.[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory.[A] which to base on [B] on which to base[C] to base on which [D] which to be based on9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.[A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is11. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago.[A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life.[A] which [B] therefore [C] who [D] so that13. The minister was the person ____.[A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor[C] for him the state dinner was given honor [D] whose honor the state dinner was given14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.[A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.[A] As [B] What [C] That [D] It16. He had more dictionaries than ____ for his work.[A] they are needed [B] were necessary[C] it was needed [D] necessary were they17. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ____ in traditional media.[A] exist [B] exists [C] existing [D] to exist18. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established ____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless19. ____ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s need is a package deal.”[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus20. The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.[A] where [B] which [C] of which [D] in which名词从句练习题21. In actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.[A] What little [B] So much [C] How much [D] So little22. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ____ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed [B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed [D] how what you have observed23. I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it.[A] whomever [B] someone [C] whoever [D] anyone24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.[A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which25. Although ____ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occurelsewhere in the world.[A] which [B] what [C] how [D] it26. ____ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late [D] Being a few minutes late27. Concerns were raised ____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that28. ____our team seems to lack at the moment is the determination ____ it will win.[A] Whatever; that [B] What; that[C] That; whether [D] Whether; that29. It’s doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.[A] whether [B] that [C] how [D] what30. You may rely on ____ everything will be ready by Monday.[A] that [B] what [C] which [D] it that状语从句练习题31. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ____ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as [B] which [C] that [D] what32. Give me your telephone number ____ I need your help.[A] whether [B] unless [C] so that [D] in case33. ____ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York city.[A] Although [B] Since [C] As [D] When34. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been establishment.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing35. We are extremely sensitive to smells, ____ we do not generally realize it.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that37. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ____ she could remember who last borrowed it.[A] ever since [B] much as [C] even though [D] if only38. ____industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower is booming.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since39. ____ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that40. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when41. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educatedno matter ____ he does.[A] how [B] where [C] what [D] when42. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don’t mind taking the night train.[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until43. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ____ the expenses have risen.[A] even though [B] just because [C] now that [D] as though44. It is ____ that we’ll have to be very careful.[A] a so big work [B] a so big job [C] such a big job [D] such a big work45. ____ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.[A] That [B] Because [C] Whatever [D] However46. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework ____ hard she tries.[A] for [B] as [C] how [D] however47. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.[A] For now [B] Since that [C] Now that [D] By now48. ____the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that49. On a raining day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which [B] where [C] when [D] that50. The draft bill will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case ____ a trial begins.[A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as51. ____they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotionalchallenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious.[A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because52. A variety of activities should be organized ____ participants can remain active as long as they want.[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if53. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ____ avoiding market cycles.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas倒装、强调和省略结构练习题1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.[A] With hard work [B] By hard work[C] Only with hard work [D] Through hard work2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ write correctly.[A] you will [B] you can [C] can you [D] can’t you3. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.[A] although [B] as [C] how [D] which4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.[A] being there [B] should there be[C] there was [D] there having been5. The business of each day, ____ sellin goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose [B] would have lost[C] might lose [D] ought to have lost7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is [D] and so is8. ____ do we go for picnic.[A] Certainly [B] Sometimes [C] Seldom [D] Once9. Vitamins do not provide energy, ____ do they construct or build any part of the body.[A] either [B] so [C] nor [D] never10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.[A] Had it not been [B] Were it not[C] Be it not [D] Should it not be11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ____ come to a sound conclusion.[A] can you [B] would you [C] you will [D] you can12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.[A] so doesn’t rubber [B] also doesn’t rubber[C] nor does rubber [D] nor rubber doesl3. So involved with their computers ____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children [B] become the children[C] had the children become [D] do the children become14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be [B] being [C] were [D] are15. “____ during the performance of this trick, ladies and gentleman, do my hands actually leave my arms.” said the magician.[A] On time [B] In no time [C] At no time [D] At times16. ____, I still enjoy driving even after my accident.[A] It may seem strange though [B] Strange though it may seem[C] Though strange it may seem [D] Strange it may seem thoughl7. In vain ____ to discover what had happened before they got there.[A] did they try [B] they tried [C] tried they [D] they had tried18. So fast ____ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.[A] light travels [B] travels light[C] does light travel [D] do light travel19. Not until ____ himself seriously ill.[A] did he complete the task he had found [B] had he completed the task did he find[C] he completed the task had he found [D] he had completed the task did he find20. Little ____ his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.[A] did we think [B] we think [C] we did think [D] we thought虚拟语气练习题21. If I were in the movie, then it would be about time that I ____ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury [B] am burying [C] buried [D] would bury22. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ____ in the home.[A] worked [B] would work [C] work [D] were working23. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week.[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was24. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed25. A safety analysis ____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.[A] would identify [B] will identify[C] would have identified [D] will have identified26. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.[A] offend [B] had offended[C] should have offended [D] might have offended27. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.[A] shouldn’t contact [B] didn’t contact[C] weren’t to contact [D] hadn’t contacted28. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.[A] had to be printed [B] should have been printed[C] must be printed [D] should be printed29. If the doctor had been available, the child ____.[A] would not die [B] would not have died[C] could not die [D] had not died30. Nothing terrible has happened—because we should certainly have been informed of it if it __.[A] should happen [B] happen [C] would happed [D] had happened31. But that he ____ short of money at the time he would have come to help us.[A] had been [B] was [C] has been [D] would be32. Mike’s uncle insists ____ in this hotel.[A] staying not [B] not to stay[C] that he would not stay [D] that he not stay33. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ____ your advice.[A] follow [B] had followed [C] would follow [D] have followed34. If you had worked hard before, you ____ worried about the coming examination now.[A] would not be [B] would not have been[C] are not [D] will not be35. But for the traffic jam, we ____ earlier.[A] should arrive [B] should have arrived[C] shall arrive [D] have arrived36. When he was asked why his friend had not accepted the offer, he suggested that his friend’s pride ____ him from accepting.[A] prevents [B] prevented [C] prevent [D] should prevent37. I didn’t go to the cinema to see The Titanic yesterday, but I do wish I ____it.[A] see [B] have seen [C] saw [D] had seen38. She wishes that she ____ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.[A] studied [B] would study[C] would have studied [D] had studied39. I don’t know what courses I’m going to do next semester, but it’s about time ____ on something.[A] I’d decide [B] I decided [C] I decide [D] I’m deciding40. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.[A] is not started [B] will not be started[C] not be started [D] is not to be started词组练习题1. They have decided to ________ physical punishment in all local schools.A) put away B) break away from C) do away with D) pass away2. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A) drawing on B) drawing in C) drawing up D) drawing down3. She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.A) dwell on B) come upon C) base on D) draw upon4. The high school my daughter studies in is ________ our university.A) linked by B) affiliated with C) mingled with D) relevant to5. While fashion is thought of usually ________ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.A) in relation to B) in proportion to C) by means of D) on behalf of6. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ________ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up7. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to8. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ________ when it arrived in New York.A) go off B) get off C) come off D) carry off9. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of10. David likes country life and has decided to ________ farming.A) go in for B) go back on C) go through with D) go along with11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.A) put him through B) turned him out C) cut him short D) gave him up12. The politician says he will ________ the welfare of the people.A) prey on B) take on C) get at D) see to13. If you ________ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.A) take off B) keep off C) get off D) set off14. Though ________ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.A) by no means B) by some means C) by all means D) by any means15. Advanced computer technology has ________ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.A) set up B) come up with C) filled with D) faced up to16. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ________ the nurse Florence Nightingale.A) in line with B) in favour of C) in honour of D) in place of17. When Jack was eighteen he ________ going around with a strange set of people and staying out verylate.A) took to B) took for C) took up D) took on18. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ________ all the toys they had taken out.A) put off B) put out C) put up D) put away19. Julie is one of those women who always ________ the latest fashions.A) look after B) keep up with C) go in for D) run for20. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ________ mathematics, he is the best in the class.A) comes to B) comes up to C) comes on to D) comes around to21. Those who lie and cheat will never ________ it.A) get on with B) get back to C) get away with D) get off with22. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A) gone on B) gone in for C) gone with D) gone through with23. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________ too much work last week.A) take to B) take out C) take away D) take on24. We are quite sure that we can ________ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.A) get across B) get over C) get away D) get off25. The news has just ________ that the president is going to visit China next month.A) come out B) come up C) come down D) come about词汇练习题1. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ________.A) obscure B) upsetting C) distant D) inferior2. I was ________ by their kindness and moved to tears.A) preoccupied B) embarrassed C) overwhelmed D) counseled3. The person who ________ this type of research deserves our praise.A) originated B) manufactured C) generated D) estimated4. He believed that the greatest of his ________ was that he’d never had a college education.A) grieves B) misfortunes C) disasters D) sorrows5. As a ________ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A) flexible B) versatile C) sophisticated D) productive6. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ________ majority are inactive.A) tremendous B) demanding C) intensive D) overwhelming7. Although most dreams apparently happen ________, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously8. This kind of material can ________ heat and moisture.A) delete B) compel C) constrain D) repel9. Although he was on a diet, the food ________ him enormously.A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged10. Some fish have a greater ________ for acid water than others.A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A) true B) original C) real D) genuine12. Since the two countries couldn’t ________ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.A) rectify B) oblige C) reconcile D) obscure13. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some ________ mistakes in grammar.A) obscure B) glaring C) trivial D) rare14. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s ________ flaws.A) underlining B) vulnerable C) vulgar D) underlying15. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ________ in tropical countries.A) prospective B) prevalent C) provocative D) perpetual16. The cultures of China and Japan hare shared many features, but each has used them according to its national ________.A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament17. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ________ to those who compete well.A) prestige B) regime C) superiority D) legislation18. Starting with the ________ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.A) foundation B) pretext C) premise D) presentation19. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ________ such as colored lights and glass balls.A) luxuries B) ornaments C) exhibits D) complements20. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ________ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A) subjective B) subordinate C) liable D) vulnerable21. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A) skeptical B) faithful C) obedient D) subsidiary22. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity23. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ________.A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry24. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon as possible.A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon25. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.A) skeptical B) stationary C) spacious D) specific26. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.A) intervened B) incurred C) provoked D) poked27. As the trial went on, the story behind the murder slowly ________ itself.A) convicted B) released C) haunted D) unfolded28. Retirement is obviously a very complex ________ period; and the earlier you start planning for it, the better.A) transformation B) transmission C) transaction D) transition29. We work to make money, but it’s a ________ that people who work hard and long often do not makethe most money.A) paradox B) prejudice C) dilemma D) conflict30. A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________ interaction with proficient speakers of English.A) instantaneous B) provocative C) verbal D) dual31. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________ with each other.A) negotiated B) reconciled C) associated D) accommodated32. There are occasions when giving a gift ________ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.A) overtakes B) nourishes C) surpasses D) enforces33. Coffee is the ________ of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.A) elite B) majority C) spice D) staple34. The boxer ________ and almost fell when his opponent hit him.A) scattered B) shattered C) staggered D) stamped35. A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.A) slack B) tedious C) timid D) suspicious36. Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will receive a bonus.A) portion B) allocation C) ratio D) quota37. He could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his department.A) plead B) resort C) petition D) reproach38. Without any hesitation, she took off her shoes, ________ up her skirt and splashed across the stream.A) tucked B) revolved C) twisted D) curled39. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bones become denser and less ________ to injury.A) attached B) prone C) immune D) reconciled40. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depression and longer life.A) trail B) trait C) trace D) track41. He was given major responsibility for operating the remote manipulator to ________ the newly launched satellite.A) retreat B) retrieve C) embody D) embrace42. An effort was launched recently to create the first computer ________ of the entire human brain.A) repetition B) repression C) saturation D) simulation43. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many ________ references.A) obscure B) acute C) notable D) objective44. Foreign students are facing unprecedented delays, as visa applications receive closer ________ than ever.A) appraisal B) scanning C) retention D) scrutiny45. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________ the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibited B) extinguished C) quenched D) stunned定语从句题目解析1. 正确答案为A项。

2023年考研英语语法专项练习题及答案2023年考研英语语法专项练习题及答案(一)1. Some women ________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made2. A light with no more power than ________ by an ordinary electric light bulb bees intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone________ what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked4.Even if they are on sale, these________refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones5. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has答案与解析1. D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。

考研英语-19(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Use of English{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00){{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. , one of the six companies, created out of the{{U}} (1) {{/U}}national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth{{U}} (2) {{/U}}, its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations{{U}} (3) {{/U}}is drawing interest.In a plan dubbed "Station Renaissance" that it{{U}} (4) {{/U}}in November, JR East said that it would{{U}} (5) {{/U}}using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to{{U}} (6) {{/U}}more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up{{U}} (7) {{/U}}for such goods, as books, flowers and groceries purchased{{U}} (8) {{/U}}the Internet. In a country{{U}} (9) {{/U}}urbanites depend heavily on trains{{U}} (10) {{/U}}commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. So, picking up purchases at train stations spare{{U}} (12) {{/U}}extra travel and missed home deliveries.JR East already has been using its station{{U}} (13) {{/U}}stores for this purpose, but it plans to create{{U}} (14) {{/U}}spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce{{U}} (15) {{/U}}cards--known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated{{U}} (16) {{/U}}for holding information--{{U}} (17) {{/U}}train tickets and commuter passes{{U}} (18) {{/U}}the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a single pass. This will save the company money, because{{U}} (19) {{/U}}for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also{{U}} (20) {{/U}}the space needed for ticket vending. （分数：10.00）A.privatized √B.individualizedC.personalizedD.characterized解析：本题考查形容词的词义辨析。

一级结构：阅读一级结构说明：阅读（每题各10分，共100分）##材料：Text1第1段：Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need journals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the skilled and specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.第2段：With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only to find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive. Since academic careers depend on publication,the demand for scientific publications is unbounded.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.第3段：The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish one way or another25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise inexorably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.第4段：The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.第5段：In Britain and Europe the move towards open access publishing has been drivenby funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.第6段：Yet,somehow,the new system has not yet worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.A report pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”has been steadily rising at a rate above inflation ever since the UK’s open access policy was adopted in2012.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.##题干：1.[单选题]Why do scientists offer free articles and intellectual services to journals?选项：A.They don’t need any monetary rewards.B.They want to get higher academic status.C.They intend to improve the journals’productivity.D.They aspire to show their expertise in peer review.题干：2.[单选题]Which of the following is true according to Paragraph2?选项：A.Scientific publishing threats the rest parts of the industry.B.Universities don’t care about the price of building libraries.C.Scientific publishers gain profits from large market demand.D.Academic careers depend on the development of scientific publishing.题干：3.[单选题]The success of Sci-Hub indicates.选项：A.the necessity to transform the scientific publishing systemB.publishers’dissatisfaction with their users’participationC.a decline in the quality of scientific researchD.the legality of photocopier for scientific papers题干：4.[单选题]According to Paragraph6,can get direct benefits from the open access policy.选项：A.writersB.readersC.universitiesD.publishers题干：5.[单选题]The scientific publishing model is similar to the economy of the social internet in.选项：A.social statusbour shortageC.marketing strategyD.power imbalance###材料：Text2第1段：We humans like to think of ourselves as reasoning beings,in contrast to other creatures—pigeons or mice,for example.Yet behavioural science debunks human exceptionalism.Often we act according to rules of thumb rather than rational calculation.第2段：In embracing this insight,economists are applying lessons long since learnt by advertisers and marketers,and demonstrated again by digital businesses enticing us with just one more click and then another.Historian Timothy Snyder argues in a recent essay that digital addiction represents the wiring into our lives of psychologist BF Skinner’s experiments with conditioned behaviour.Many digital companies are using these techniques to persuade us to buy and browse and click,in their pursuit of profit.We pay them no money but donate ample time;in return for our attention they earn revenue from advertisers.第3段：Is this a good or bad thing?There’s some evidence that people place a high value on these free digital goods.But the adverse effects of compulsive clicking are evident too. Economists have trouble evaluating the social cost and benefit of advertising because the way we define economic welfare assumes people have fixed,known preferences and—giventhose—decide how they want to spend their money.This standard approach ignores the essence of the ad-based model,namely that people are spending time rather than money.The point is that nobody has fixed preferences.We are obviously persuadable.Human desires are highly“malleable”.第4段：Economist Nicholas Kaldor made an early attempt in1950to consider the economic cost-benefit of advertising.He weighed the benefit of the provision of information and the creation of jobs and demand against the fact people might end up paying elevated prices for branded goods.He was skeptical there was any net benefit to society.One estimate of the dollar value of the provision of free digital goods,calculated by imputing a value flowing to advertisers for people’s attention,found it to be minimal—less than0.5per cent of global gross domestic product.第5段：In a services-based economy,the value people derive from how they use their time is a better measure of economic welfare than prices.With zero-priced digital services,it is all the more important to remember the time cost—not least because everybody’s time budget is strictly limited in a way monetary budgets often are not.第6段：If a much-loved pet were subject to a Skinnerian behavioural experiment to make them obsessively spend several hours a day pressing levers for food,most fond owners would be outraged and put a halt to the practice.Yet the massive experiment on us is far worse.It does not rely on natural preferences for necessities but creates new wants,some positive,some harmless,others clearly damaging the fabric of our societies.##题干：6.[单选题]We can learn from Paragraph2that digital addiction______.选项：A.was predicted by BF SkinnerB.attracts interest across academiaC.is difficult to detect and treatD.is utilized by digital companies题干：7.[单选题]The word“malleable”(Para.3)most probably means______.选项：A.unlimitedB.intenseC.changeableD.unconscious题干：8.[单选题]Nicholas Kaldor would most probably agree that advertising______.选项：A.increases the employment rateB.adds little to national wellbeingC.facilitates the information flowD.leads to severe price inflation题干：9.[单选题]To measure economic welfare,we’d better consider______.选项：A.budgets of services-based economyB.the value of time allocation patternsC.gross domestic productD.costs of digital services题干：10.[单选题]An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.选项：A.Online Ads Exploits Human’s PsychologyB.The Danger of Applying Rules of ThumbC.A Lesson from BF Skinner’s ExperimentsD.A New Evaluating Method for Economists###题号：1.【答案】B。

9（题库20题）（单选）As _______ in the picture, in front of a fallen bottle _______ two men.A、is depicted; are standingB、depicts; standsC、depicts; is standingD、is depicted; standing are语法学习项目19（单选）来源：（题库20题）As _______ in the picture, in front of a fallen bottle _______ two men.A、is depicted; are standingB、depicts; standsC、depicts; is standingD、is depicted; standing are【正确答案】A【试题解析】【解析】（1）解题过程：从句子结构上看，逗号前面的分句是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，逗号后面的分句是句子的主句。

主句采用了倒装语序，主语是two men，第二个空格处应填入谓语动词，为了保持主谓一致，第二个空格处的谓语动词应采用复数形式，因此排除B、C选项，因为B、C选项的主语都应该是第三人称单数。

同时，主句的倒装语序应该是将谓语动词提前到主语之前，因此排除D选项，正确答案是A选项，as在定语从句中指代后面一整句话，即图画的内容，内容是被描画在图片中的，所以第一个空格处应该采用被动语态。

（2）句子结构分析：As is depicted in the picture, //in front of a fallen bottle are standing two men. 主句是in front of a fallen bottle are standing two men，主句由于表示地点的介词短语位于主句句首，采用了倒装语序，把谓语动词are standing放到了主语two men的前面，正常语序应该是：two men are standing in front of a fallen bottle。

名词从句专项训练1. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.句子主干：Whether the results will be valuable,... or even misleading depends partly uponthe tool itself but largely upon the user.译文：测试的结果是在有价值的、无意义的、还是误导的，部分取决于这种工具本身，但主要取决于测试使用者。

2.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.句子主干：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness ...译文：这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

3.Standardized tests should provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. 句子主干：Standardized tests should provide a quick, objective method译文：标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法，这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能，或者他是属于哪一类型的人。