ArcGIS Desktop应用基础知识概述
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(完整版)ArcGIS常⽤的必会⼯具(基础篇)ArcGIS必会的⼏个⼯具的应⽤--提取、分割、融合、裁剪(⽮)、合并、追加、镶嵌、裁剪(栅)、重采样GIS思维今天我们来聊聊ArcGIS中常⽤你⼜必须掌握的⼏个⼯具,如筛选、分割、融合、裁剪(⽮量)、合并、追加、镶嵌、裁剪(栅格)、重采样。
本次⽂章我们会按⽮量和栅格两部分来介绍⼏个⼯具。
这个是ArcGIS的套路,也是⼤部分GIS类软件的套路,将⽮量和栅格分开来。
关于⽮量和栅格的区别我们在GIS思维发布的《ArcGIS 10.X ⼊门实战视频教程(GIS思维)》介绍的较为清楚,我们不加以赘述。
本次⽂章的分享,也是我们《ArcGIS 10.X ⼊门实战视频教程(GIS思维)》的章节内容,所以要观看视频课程,获取⽂章分享的数据与课件可以报名参加我们的课程。
下有链接。
1、筛选第⼀个⼯具,我们来看下⽐较简单的筛选⼯具的应⽤。
筛选(select)的⽤法:从输⼊要素类或输⼊要素图层中提取要素(通常使⽤选择或结构化查询语⾔ (SQL) 表达式),并将其存储于输出要素类中。
我们⾸先来看下案例数据-福建的各县⾏政区划⽮量图。
图1-1 图1-2该数据属性表中,有NAME和city等字段,其中NAME代表区县名,city代表区县所在的地级市城市编码。
例如,闽侯县归属福州市(3501),仙游县归属莆⽥市(3503)。
那么,要筛选出福州下辖的所有区县,只要利⽤筛选⼯具选出city字段是3501的记录就可。
打开筛选⼯具,分析⼯具→提取分析→筛选图1-3有如下图的参数设置,点击确定,就得到我们想要的结果。
图1-4运⾏结果如下。
具体操作,可以观看学习如上所述视频教程。
图1-52、分割现在我们在裁剪中福建的各县⾏政区划⽮量图fj基础上⼜有了福建省各地级市的⾏政区划图fj5(⽹络数据,仅供学习参考使⽤),如下图。
那我们的问题来了,我们要如1中那样筛选出福建九个地级市(福州、厦门、莆⽥、泉州、漳州、龙岩、三明、南平、宁德)区县划数据,当然我们可以如1中操作9次得到我们的结果,但这样⼀来操作就⿇烦了,万⼀你来个全国地级市,那不是坑爹,所以为了提⾼效率我们引⼊了分割(split)⼯具的应⽤。
arcgis教程入门到精通
ArcGIS是一种功能强大的地理信息系统软件,它可以用于地图制作、空间数据管理、地理分析和可视化等方面。
本教程将带你从入门到精通,学习使用ArcGIS进行地理数据处理和分析。
一、入门篇
1. 安装和启动ArcGIS软件
2. ArcGIS界面和工具介绍
3. 导入地图数据和创建地图
二、数据管理篇
1. 数据格式和投影系统的理解
2. 创建和编辑要素类
3. 数据查询和选择操作
4. 数据导入和导出
三、地图制作篇
1. 符号化和标注设置
2. 地图布局和制图元素添加
3. 图层管理和显示控制
四、空间分析篇
1. 空间查询和空间统计
2. 缓冲区分析和叠置分析
3. 空间插值和地形分析
五、数据可视化篇
1. 热力图和密度图绘制
2. 空间插值和地形分析
3. 三维地图和动态地图制作
六、应用实例篇
1. 土地利用规划和分析
2. 环境影响评估和模拟分析
3. 城市交通网络规划和优化
通过学习上述教程,你将掌握ArcGIS软件的基本操作和常用
功能,能够利用ArcGIS进行地理数据的处理、分析和可视化。
希望这些内容能帮助你快速入门和成为ArcGIS的高级用户!。
Quick Start GuidesTable of ContentsCore products and componentsArcGIS for Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ArcGIS Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit and ArcGIS Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ArcGIS License Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Getting started•ArcGIS Desktop includes many components. See What's included for a list of components.•Review the ArcGIS system requirements for the component.•Administrative privileges are required for installation.•Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 or later is required.•Download and install the component. If upgrading, review Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6.•Obtain your software authorization numbers and authorize the software. If using a Concurrent Use license, you will need ArcGIS License Manager 10.6, which can be used for all ArcGIS 10.x Concurrent Use licenses. See the ArcGIS License Manager quick start guide and the License Manager reference guide for more information.•See ArcGIS Desktop for access to additional resources, such as documentation and support.What's includedArcGIS Desktop10.6 includes the following components:•ArcGIS Desktop—Installation for Basic, Standard, and Advanced editions of ArcGIS Desktop, and optional ArcGIS extension products.•ArcGIS Desktop Background Geoprocessing (64 bit)—Installation for background geoprocessing in 64 bit.•ArcGIS License Manager (Windows and Linux)—This version is required to run ArcGIS Desktop10.6 and ArcGIS Engine 10.6 with Concurrent Use licensing. It also supports all other ArcGIS 10.x Concurrent Use releases.•ArcReader—Desktop mapping application that allows users to view, explore, and print maps and globes.•ArcGIS Tutorial Data for Desktop—Data used with ArcGIS Desktop tutorials.•ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data—Contains the data files required for the GEOCON transformation method and vertical transformation files for the United States (VERTCON and GEOID12B) and the world (EGM2008).•DBMS Support Files—Client libraries and databases to be used to directly connect to geodatabases.The following developer tools are available:•ArcObjects SDK for Microsoft .NET Framework—Documentation and sample code for Microsoft .NET Framework developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine,ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.•ArcObjects SDK for Java—Documentation, tools, and sample code for Java Platform developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine,ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6•The ArcGIS 10.6 setup package is designed to detect and upgrade an existing installation of the same ArcGIS product. The settings for the installation location, license manager (for Concurrent Use), or authorization information (for Single Use) areretained in the upgrade. See the installation guide for more information on installation upgrades and new installations.•Existing ArcGIS 10.1–10.5.1 authorization numbers will work with ArcGIS 10.6.•ArcGIS 10.6 for Single Use—If ArcGIS 10.6 will be installed on a machine that is different from where an earlier ArcGIS 10.x product is currently installed and you want to use the existing ArcGIS 10.1–10.5.1 authorization number for ArcGIS 10.6, the earlier version of an ArcGIS 10.x product must first be deauthorized before authorizing ArcGIS 10.6.Obtaining software authorization numbersIf needed, your account's primary maintenance contact can obtain authorization numbers from My Esri. After signing in with your Esri Account, click My Organizations>Licensing>View Authorizations. Click a product name to obtain its authorization number.The license version on authorizations eligible for use with ArcGIS 10.6 will display as 10.1–10.6 under View Authorizations. For those outside the United States, contact your local distributor for information about your authorization numbers.Getting startedArcGIS Enterprise represents the evolution of Esri's GIS server technology into a complete GIS platform in your own infrastructure, supporting enterprises of any size. ArcGIS Enterprise provides a full Web GIS experience integrated with ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Desktop. See the following prerequisites to get started:•ArcGIS Enterprise includes many components. See What's included for a list of components.•Review the system requirements for each component.•Administrative privileges are required for installation.•On Windows, Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 is required for installing the ArcGIS Server .NET Extension Support feature. ArcGIS Web Adaptor for IIS also requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5. This version of Microsoft .NET Framework can be downloaded from Microsoft.•Download and install the component. If you're upgrading, review Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6. For help, see the corresponding installation guide available with the download.•Obtain your software authorization numbers and authorize the software. If your Portal for ArcGIS organization will use a premium app, such as ArcGIS Pro or Drone2Map for ArcGIS, you will also need ArcGIS License Manager 10.6 to configure your premium app licenses to specify which members can use the software. See the Portal for ArcGIS Administrator Guide,License Manager Reference Guide, and the ArcGIS License Manager system requirements for more information.Visit ArcGIS Enterprise for access to additional resources such as documentation and support.What's includedArcGIS Enterprise 10.6 includes the following components:•ArcGIS Enterprise Builder—Provides a simple installation and configuration experience for a base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment on a single machine.•ArcGIS Server—Makes your geographic information available to others in your organization and, optionally, anyone with an Internet connection. It can be licensed in a variety of roles, depending on the capabilities you want to enable for your deployment.See ArcGIS Enterprise licensing for a complete listing of server licensing roles.•Portal for ArcGIS—Allows you to share maps, apps, and other geographic information with other people in your organization through a website.•ArcGIS Data Store—An application you can use to set up different types of data stores used by a Portal for ArcGIS hosting server.•ArcGIS Web Adaptor—Allows ArcGIS Server to integrate with your existing web server. It is compatible with IIS and Java EE servers such as WebSphere and WebLogic.ArcGIS GeoEvent Server—Enables real-time event-based data streams to be integrated as data sources in your enterprise GIS. Requires an ArcGIS GeoEvent Server license role.•ArcGIS License Manager (Windows and Linux)—This version is required to configure ArcGIS Pro or Drone2Map for ArcGIS licenses with your Portal for ArcGIS 10.6 organization.•ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data— Contains the data files required for the GEOCON transformation method and vertical transformation files for the United States (VERTCON and GEOID12B) and the world (EGM2008).•DBMS Support Files—Client libraries and databases used to directly connect to geodatabases.The following developer tools are available:•ArcObjects SDK for the Microsoft .NET Framework—Documentation and sample code for Microsoft .NET Framework developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.•ArcObjects SDK for Java—Documentation, tools, and sample code for Java platform developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6•The ArcGIS 10.6 setup package is designed to detect and upgrade an existing installation of the same ArcGIS product. The settings for the installation location are retained in the upgrade. However, you will need to obtain a 10.6 software authorization number and reauthorize for use in 10.6. See the installation guide for more information on installation upgrades and newinstallations.•Existing ArcGIS Enterprise 10.5 - 10.5.1 authorization numbers will work with ArcGIS Enterprise 10.6 Prerelease but will not work for the final release of ArcGIS Enterprise 10.6.Obtaining software authorization numbersIf needed, your account's primary maintenance contact can obtain authorization numbers from My Esri. After signing in with your Esri Account, click My Organizations > Licensing > View Authorizations. Click a product name to obtain its authorization number.The license version on ArcGIS Enterprise authorizations eligible for use with ArcGIS 10.6 will display as 10.6 under View Authorizations. Customers in the United States need to contact Esri Telesales to order additional Named User License of Portal for ArcGIS. For those outside the United States, contact your local distributor for information about your authorization numbers.ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 10.6 and ArcGIS Engine 10.6 quick start guideGetting started•ArcGIS Engine includes many components. See What's included for a list of ArcGIS Engine components.•Review the ArcGIS system requirements for the component.•Administrative privileges are required for installation.•On Windows, the Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 or later is required for installing ArcGIS Engine.•Download and install the component. If upgrading, review Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6.•Obtain your software authorization numbers and authorize the software. If using a Concurrent Use license, you will need ArcGIS License Manager 10.6, which can be used for all ArcGIS 10.x Concurrent Use licenses. See the ArcGIS License Manager quick start guide and the License Manager reference guide for more information.•See ArcGIS Desktop for access to additional resources, such as documentation and support.What's includedArcGIS Engine 10.6 includes the following components:•ArcGIS Engine—Component that supports the creation of GIS and mapping applications.•ArcGIS Engine Background Geoprocessing (64 bit)—Installation for background geoprocessing in 64 bit.•ArcGIS License Manager (Windows and Linux)—This version is required to run ArcGIS Desktop and ArcGIS Engine 10.6 with Concurrent Use licensing. It also supports all other ArcGIS 10.x Concurrent Use releases.•ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data—Contains the data files required for the GEOCON transformation method and vertical transformation files for the United States (VERTCON and GEOID12B) and the world (EGM2008).•DBMS Support Files—Client libraries and databases to be used to directly connect to geodatabases.Developer tools are available with ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 10.6:•ArcObjects SDK for Microsoft .NET Framework—Documentation and sample code for Microsoft .NET Framework developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine,ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.•ArcObjects SDK for Java—Documentation, tools, and sample code for Java Platform developers customizing and extending ArcGIS Engine,ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.Installing ArcGIS Engine and ArcObjects SDKs•Download and extract the ArcGIS Engine and ArcObjects packages.•Run the Setup.exe file, following the prompts to complete the installation for each product.•See Authorize ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit and ArcGIS Engine to complete the installation.Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6•The ArcGIS 10.6 setup package is designed to detect and upgrade an existing installation of the same ArcGIS product. The settings for the installation location, License Manager (for Concurrent Use), or authorization information (for Single Use) are retained in the upgrade. See the installation guide for more information on installation upgrades and new installations.•Existing ArcGIS 10.1–10.5.1 authorization numbers will work with ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 10.6 and ArcGIS Engine 10.6.•ArcGIS 10.6 for Single Use—If ArcGIS 10.6 will be installed on a machine that is different from where an earlier version of an ArcGIS 10.x product is currently installed, and you want to use the existing ArcGIS 10.1–10.5.1 authorization numbers for ArcGIS10.6, the earlier version of the ArcGIS 10.x product must first be deauthorized before authorizing ArcGIS 10.6.Obtaining software authorization numbersIf needed, your account's primary maintenance contact can obtain authorization numbers from My Esri. After signing in with your Esri Account, click My Organizations>Licensing>View Authorizations. Click a product name to obtain its authorization number.The license version on authorizations eligible for use with ArcGIS 10.6 will display as 10.1–10.6 under View Authorizations. For those outside the United States, contact your local distributor for information about your authorization numbers.Upgrading ArcGIS 10.0 licenses to 10.6For existing ArcGIS 10.0 users, automatic license upgrade functionality allows an easy license upgrade process. Instead of deauthorizing older licenses and authorizing the latest version, you can convert your existing 10.0 licenses to 10.6 using the one-step upgrade option.1.Uninstall the ArcGIS 10.0 product without deauthorizing your existing licenses.2.Install the ArcGIS 10.6 product.3.On completion of the ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 10.6 installation, click Authorize. You will be prompted to upgrade your licenseif 10.0 licenses are already present. For ArcGIS Engine 10.6, you will need to launch ArcGIS Administrator. Follow the instructions to complete the upgrade process.Authorize ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 10.6 and ArcGIS Engine 10.6Single Use•Recommended: Use an Internet connection to complete the authorization steps below.•If you do not have an Internet connection for the machine on which you intend to install the software, you can authorize the software via email.•If you want to facilitate the authorization process or authorize silently, a provisioning file generated from the Licensing portal on My Esri can be used.1.After the installation, open the ArcGIS Administrator wizard.2.Choose the desired Single Use product.•Choose the ArcGIS Engine (Single Use)option if you only need to run ArcGIS Engine applications.•Choose the ArcGIS Engine and ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit (Single Use)option if you need to develop and run ArcGIS Engine applications.3.Click Authorize Now.4.Choose the default option,I have installed my software and need to authorize it.5.Choose Authorize with Esri now using the Internet. If using a provisioning file, choose the option I have received anauthorization file from Esri and browse to the file.6.Enter your personal information where applicable.7.Enter your core product authorization number (ESUxxxxxxxxx). See the View Authorizations page on My Esri to obtain thisnumber if you do not have it available for use.8.Enter the authorization numbers for extensions, if applicable. For extensions not listed, manually type the extension name andthe authorization number.9.Click Finish after the authorization process is complete.10.Click OK to close the ArcGIS Administrator wizard. Your software is now ready for use.Authorizing additional extensions for ArcGIS Engine Single UseThis applies if you have already authorized your ArcGIS Engine 10.6 Single Use software and want to authorize additional extensions later. Follow the steps for Authorizing ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit and ArcGIS Engine Single Use, and at step 3, choose I have already authorized the software and need to authorize additional extensions. Step 6 will not be applicable. At step 7, you will be given the opportunity to enter your authorization numbers for the applicable extensions.Concurrent UseDefining the License Manager1.After completing the ArcGIS Engine installation, open the ArcGIS Administrator wizard.2.Choose ArcGIS Engine (Concurrent Use)in the ArcGIS Administrator wizard and specify the name of your license manager.3.Once you have set your license manager, click OK to close the ArcGIS Administrator wizard. Your software is now ready foruse.ArcGIS License Manager 10.6 quick start guideGetting started•Prior to installation, review the ArcGIS License Manager system requirements.•Administrative privileges are required for installing ArcGIS License Manager.•For help with the installation of ArcGIS License Manager, see the corresponding ArcGIS License Manager installation guide.•The License Manager reference guide is installed with ArcGIS License Manager 10.6. This can be accessed from Start> Programs>ArcGIS>License Manager>License Manager Reference Guide or from the ArcGIS help on the ArcGIS Desktop site.•For all of your Esri software support needs, such as help, forums, blogs, downloads, samples, and knowledge base articles, visit .Upgrading to ArcGIS 10.6The copy protection mechanism for ArcGIS Desktop 10.6 and ArcGIS Engine 10.6 Concurrent Use has been updated. This update requires that ArcGIS License Manager 10.6 be installed to support these products.The ArcGIS License Manager 10.6 setup package is designed to detect and upgrade an existing installation of the same product. The existing options file (if applicable) and authorized licenses are retained in the upgrade. Any specific ports present in the service.txt file before the upgrade must be manually reconfigured in the service.txt file following the upgrade to ArcGIS 10.6. See the ArcGIS License Manager reference guide for more information on installation upgrades and new installations.Existing ArcGIS 10.1–10.5.1 authorization numbers will work with ArcGIS 10.6.If ArcGIS License Manager 10.6 will be installed on a machine that is different from where an earlier version of ArcGIS License Manager 10.x is currently installed, and you want to use the authorization for ArcGIS License Manager 10.6, the earlier version of ArcGIS License Manager 10.x must first be deauthorized before authorizing the ArcGIS 10.6 installation.Obtaining software authorization numbersIf needed, your account's primary maintenance contact can obtain authorization numbers from My Esri. After signing in with your Esri Account, click My Organizations>Products>View Authorizations. Click a product name to obtain its authorization number.The license version on authorizations eligible for use with ArcGIS 10.6 will display as 10.1–10.6 under View Authorizations. For those outside the United States, contact your local distributor for information about your authorization numbers.。
ArcGIS基础知识面试ArcGIS是一款广泛应用于地理信息系统(GIS)领域的软件套件,由美国Esri公司开发。
它提供了一套完整的工具和功能,用于创建、分析、可视化和共享地理空间数据。
在GIS行业中,掌握ArcGIS的基础知识对于从事相关工作的人员来说至关重要。
本文将介绍一些ArcGIS的基础知识,并给出一些常见的面试问题和答案。
ArcGIS概述ArcGIS是一个综合的地理信息系统平台,包含了多个软件组件和工具集。
其中最常见的是ArcGIS Desktop,它是一个集成的桌面应用程序,包括ArcMap、ArcCatalog和ArcToolbox。
除此之外,ArcGIS还包括ArcGIS Server、ArcGIS Online、ArcGIS Pro等。
这些组件可以一起使用,以完成各种GIS任务。
ArcGIS数据模型ArcGIS使用一种数据模型来组织和管理地理空间数据。
在ArcGIS中,常见的数据模型有栅格数据模型和矢量数据模型。
栅格数据模型将地理空间数据表示为一个网格,每个网格单元都有一个值。
而矢量数据模型则使用点、线和多边形等几何图形来表示地理空间数据。
常见的ArcGIS面试问题1.什么是ArcGIS?ArcGIS是一个地理信息系统平台,用于创建、分析、可视化和共享地理空间数据。
2.ArcGIS包含哪些主要组件? ArcGIS包括ArcGIS Desktop、ArcGISServer、ArcGIS Online、ArcGIS Pro等主要组件。
3.什么是栅格数据模型?栅格数据模型是一种将地理空间数据表示为一个网格的方法,每个网格单元都有一个值。
4.什么是矢量数据模型?矢量数据模型使用点、线和多边形等几何图形来表示地理空间数据。
5.ArcMap和ArcCatalog有什么区别? ArcMap是用于创建、编辑和分析地理空间数据的桌面应用程序,而ArcCatalog则是用于管理和浏览地理空间数据的应用程序。
Arcgis desktop 四大组件的主要功能介绍1、ArcCatalog:ArcCatalog应用模块帮助你组织和管理你所有的GIS信息,比如地图,数据集,模型,元数据,服务等。
它包括了下面的工具:浏览和查找地理信息。
记录、查看和管理元数据。
定义、输入和输出geodatabase结构和设计。
在局域网和广域网上搜索和查找的GIS数据。
管理ArcGIS Server。
GIS使用者使用ArcCatalog来组织、发现和使用GIS数据,同时也使用标准化的元数据来说明他们的数据。
GIS数据库的管理员使用ArcCatalog来定义和建立geodatabase。
GIS服务器管理员则使用Arccatalog来管理GIS服务器框架。
ArcGlobe:ArcGlobe是ArcGIS桌面系统中3D分析扩展模块中的一个部分,提供了全球地理信息的连续、多分辨率的交互式浏览功能。
像ArcMap一样,ArcGlobe也是使用GIS数据层,显示geodatabase和所有支持的GIS数据格式中的信息。
ArcGlobe具有地理信息的动态3D视图。
ArcGlobe图层放在一个单独的内容表中,将所有的GIS数据源整合到一个通用的全球的框架中。
它能处理数据的多分辨率显示,使数据集能够在适当的比例尺和详细程度上可见。
2、ArcGlobe的统一交互式地理信息视图使得GIS用户整合并使用不同GIS数据的能力大大提高。
ArcGlobe将成为广受欢迎的应用平台,完成编辑,空间数据分析,制图和可视化等通用GIS工作。
3、ArcMap:ArcMap是ArcGIS Desktop中一个主要的应用程序,具有基于地图的所有功能,包括制图、地图分析和编辑。
ArcMap是ArcGIS Desktop中一个复杂的制作地图的应用程序。
ArcMap提供两种类型的地图视图:地理数据视图和地图布局视图。
在地理数据视图中,你能对地理图层进行符号化显示、分析和编辑GIS数据集。
40 象等)可以让使用更方便,当然你可以创建你自己的符号。
当一个数据集加载到ArcMap中时,它的所有要素有同样的符号,要指定新的符号给它们,你需要使用该层属性表中字段的信息(见图5-2)。
可以通过产生一个层文件(.lyr)存储一个层的符号,当你加载这个层文件到图中时,该层中要素所用的符号即是你想要的符号。
编辑栅格层的符号同要素层一样,但其选择类别较少,唯一能操作的是组成栅格方格的颜色。
5.1 变 换 符 号
加载到ArcMap的数据集有默认符号。
例如,点是小圆圈,多边形是轮廊线。
点线,多边形的颜色是随机选择的。
通过这个练习你将练习为国家的多边形层和城市的点层改变默认的符号,也将练习改变数据框的背景颜色。
练习5a变换符号
练习描述:你是一个图像设计师,花你自己的时间为“地
理认识周”制作海报。
由国家地理协会资助的“地理认识周”
每年11月举办,届时也有许多相关的事件和项目的GIS日。
非洲地图海报由9张地图组成,显示城市、国家、河流、野
生动物、地貌、人口和自然资源,将分发给本国的小学。
完成的海报约44英寸,如图5-3所示,本练习中你只制
作这9个图中的第一幅,说明主要城市。
步骤如下。
1.启动Arc map,在Arc map的窗体里,单击标签来
调用一个存在的地图。
在许多存在的地图目录中,双击浏
览地图,如果Arc map已经启动,单击“文件”再单击“打开”,导航至“C:\练习数据\练习05”单击“ex05a.mxd”,单击“打开”(见图5-4)。
图5-4
图5-3。
实验1:ArcGIS 9体系结构及其应用基础从1978年以来,ESRI相继推出了多个版本系列的GIS软件,其产品不断更新扩展,构成适用各种用户和机型的系列产品。
ArcGIS 是美国环境系统研究所(Environment System Research Institute,ESRI)在全面整合了GIS与数据库、软件工程、人工智能、网络技术及其它多方面的计算机主流技术之后,成功地推出了代表GIS最高技术水平的全系列GIS产品。
ArcGIS是一个全面的,可伸缩的GIS平台,为用户构建一个完善的GIS系统提供完整的解决方案。
1 ArcGIS 9体系结构ArcGIS 9由ESRI在2004年推出,是一个统一的地理信息系统平台,由数据服务器ArcSDE及4个基础框架组成:桌面软件Desktop、嵌入式GIS、服务器GIS和移动GIS。
1.1 Desktop GISDesktop GIS包含诸如ArcMap、ArcCatalog、ArcToobox以及ArcGlobe等在内的用户界面组件,其功能可分为三个级别:ArcView,ArcEditor和ArcInfo,它们共用通用的结构、通用的编码基数、通用的扩展模块和统一的开发环境,功能由简单到复杂。
1.2 Embedded GIS在嵌入式GIS支持方面,ArcGIS 9提供了ArcGIS Engine,是应用于ArcGIS Desktop应用框架之外的嵌入式ArcGIS组件。
使用ArcGISEngine,开发者在C++、COM、.NET和Java环境中使用简单的接口获取任意GIS功能的组合来构建专门的GIS应用解决方案。
1.3 Server GISArcGIS 9所包含的三种服务端产品:ArcSDE、ArcIMS和ArcGIS Server。
ArcSDE是管理地理信息的高级空间数据服务器。
ArcIMS则是一个可伸缩的,通过开放的Internet协议进行GIS地图,数据和元数据发布的地图服务器。
ArcGIS应⽤基础教程ArcGIS应⽤基础教程ArcGIS应⽤基础ArcMap、ArcCatalog和Geoprocessing是ArcGIS的基础模块,应⽤ArcGIS进⾏空间分析时,⾸先应该掌握这三个模块的各项功能。
ArcMap是ArcGIS Desktop中⼀个主要的应⽤程序,是⼀个⽤于显⽰、查询、编辑和分析地图数据的,以地图为核⼼的专业制图和编辑系统,具有地图制图的所有功能。
是 ArcGIS桌⾯系统的核⼼应⽤。
ArcMap提供了数据视图(Data View)和版⾯视图(Layout View)两种浏览数据的⽅法。
在此环境中可完成⼀系列⾼级GIS 任务。
ArcCatalog模块是空间数据的资源管理器。
它以数据为核⼼,⽤于定位、浏览、搜索、组织和管理空间数据。
利⽤ArcCatalog 可以创建和管理数据库,可定制和利⽤元数据。
在ArcCatalog平台⽀持下,可⼤⼤简化⽤户组织、管理和维护数据⼯作。
Geoprocessing空间处理框架,为空间问题的分析处理提供了完整的解决⽅案。
框架主要包括两个部分:ArcToolbox(空间处理⼯具的集合)和ModelBuilder(为建⽴空间处理流程和脚本提供可视化的建模⼯具)。
框架中的⼯具可以⽤多种⽅式进⾏,如 ArcToolbox中的对话框、ModelBuilder中的模型、命令⾏以及脚本等。
ArcToolbox包括了数据管理、数据转换、Coverage处理、⽮量分析、地理编码以及统计分析等多种复杂的空间处理⼯具。
ModelBuilder为设计和实现空间处理模型(包括⼯具、脚本和数据)提供了⼀个图形化的建模框架。
它们均内嵌于ArcMap和 ArcToolbox中。
⼀、ArcMap基础要实现 ArcMap多种多样的功能,就要先从最基础的数据层操作开始。
本节分为四部分,主要介绍ArcMap数据层的基本操作、数据的符号化、注记标注和专题地图的编制。
1.1 新地图⽂档创建ArcMap中,创建新的地图⽂档有以下两种⽅法:1. 启动 ArcMap:在 ArcMap对话框中,选择 A new empty map并单击 OK按钮,创建⼀个空⽩新地图⽂档。
ArcMap1概念ArcMap是ArcGIS Desktop三个用户桌面组件之一。
ArcGIS是美国环境系统研究所(Environment System Research Institute,ESRI)于1978年开发的GIS 系统。
ArcGIS Desktop由三个用户桌面组件组成,即:ArcMap、 ArcCatalog、ArcToolbox。
ArcMap是一个可用于数据输入、编辑、查询、分析等等功能的应用程序,具有基于地图的所有功能,实现如地图制图、地图编辑、地图分析等功能。
ArcMap 包含一个复杂的专业制图和编辑系统,它既是一个面向对象的编辑器,又是一个数据表生成器。
ArcMap提供两种类型的地图视图:数据视图和布局视图。
在数据视图中,用户可以对地理图层进行符号化显示、分析和编辑GIS数据集。
数据视图时任何一个数据集在选定的一个区域内的显示窗口。
在布局视图中,用户可以处理地图的页面,包括地理数据视图和其他数据元素,比如图例、比例尺、指北针等。
2操作地图操作地图ArcMap提供了许多方法让你与地图进行交互操作。
浏览地图可以让人们发现要素之间的空间关系。
可以用刚才打开的地图查询市政大楼(City Hall)的位置,查看靠近学校的公园,或了解图书馆旁的街道的名称。
分析可以通过向地图中添加图层获取新的信息和发现隐含的规律。
例如,如果在Greenvalley地图中添加了人口统计信息,就可以用这张地图进行学区的划分或发现潜在的消费顾客。
如果添加了地质或地表坡度的图层信息,就可以用这张地图确定可能发生山崩的危险区。
显示结果ArcMap可以打印地图,并能将其嵌入到其他文件或电子出版物中。
用户可以迅速地组织数据制作成图,保存地图时,所设计的打印版面、符号、注记和图表都同时被保存。
ArcMap中包含了一大批创建和使用地图的工具。
定制地图是一种很有效的工具。
如果地图中包含了可对其进行编辑加工的工具,将有助于用户更快地完成工作。