小度写范文新概念第四册课文_新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】模板

The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ⼀一理理的代⼈人造的⽣生存⽅方式隺加规模 I 平庸的⼀一倒夺巨⼤大的⼤大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to 在⼯工业⽣生活的组织中，⼯工⼚厂对⼯工⼈人的⽣生理理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了了。

40Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. weɪvz ɑːðəˈʧɪldrənɒvðəˈstrʌɡl bɪˈtwiːnˈəʊʃən ænd ˈætməsfɪə, ði ˈɒŋˌɡəʊɪŋˈsɪɡnɪʧəzɒv ɪnˈfɪnɪti.海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。

海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。

Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. reɪz frɒm ðə sʌn ɪkˈsaɪt ænd ˈenəʤaɪz ði ˈæt məsfɪər ɒv ði ɜːθ,əˈweɪknɪŋɪt tuː fləʊ, tuːˈm uːvmənt, tuːˈrɪðəm, tuː laɪf.太阳光刺激了地球的大气层，并给予它能量；阳光使空气开始流动，产生节奏，获得生命。

太阳光刺激了地球的大气层，并给予它能量；阳光使空气开始流动，产生节奏，获得生命。

The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves----an ancient, exquisite, powerful message. ðə wɪnd ðen spiːks ðəˈmesɪʤɒv ðə sʌn tuː ðəsiː ænd ðəsiːtrænzˈmɪts ɪt ɒn θruː weɪvz----ən ˈeɪnʃᵊnt, ˈekskwɪzɪt, ˈpaʊəfʊl ˈmesɪʤ.然后，风把太阳的住处带给了大海，海洋用波浪的形式传递这个信息-- 一个源过流长、高雅而有力的信息。

新概念英语第四册课文+翻译
《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。

本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。

这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系，帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能——听、说、读、写，使学生能在学习中最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

内容简介
新版除保留原版的精华外，又增加了以下重要特色：
专为中国的英语学习人士而改编，根据中国读者的需要增添了词汇表、课文注释、练习讲解和课文的参考译文;
剔除了所有过时内容，其中过时的课文由新课文取代，并配以全新的练习和插图;
对原有教学法进行调整，更利于学生加强交际能力;
内容更简洁精炼，取消过去单独出版的繁琐补充材料，将其精化纳入主要教材;
版面加大，方便翻阅;每课书相对独立，以利课堂教学。

•下载地址
•本地下载
下载说明
☉推荐使用网际快车下载本站软件，使用WinRAR v3.10 以上版本解压本站软件。

☉如果这个软件总是不能下载的请点击报告错误,谢谢合作!!
☉下载本站资源，如果服务器暂不能下载请过一段时间重试！
☉如果遇到什么问题，请到本站论坛去咨寻，我们将在那里提供更多、更好的资源！
☉本站提供的一些商业软件是供学习研究之用，如用于商业用途，请购买正版。

新概念英语第四册课文+翻译《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。

本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版
30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。

这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系，帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能听、说、读、写，使学生能在学习推荐度：点击下载文档文档为doc格式
本文已影响 266人。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson40【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving withthe wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particlefirst towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- backto its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same lawsas any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by threenatural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and thegravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)【New words and expressions 生词和短语】signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的【课文注释】1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson4、5、6】Lesson4【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight?Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener【New words and expressions 生词和短语】solid adj. 坚实的safe n. 保险柜ulyanovsk n. 乌里扬诺夫斯克commission n. 委员会opaque adj. 不透明的lotto n. 一种有编号的纸牌slipper n. 拖鞋blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的【课文注释】1. of people who can read...,这个定语从句用来修饰主语cases，由于太长，因此被移至谓语之后。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everythingon it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes： wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)【New words and expressions 生词和短语】signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的【课文注释】1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson40：Themes andVariations新概念英语Lesson 40 Themes and Variations 主旋律与变奏曲Populations increase and decrease relatively not only to one another, but also to natural resources.In most parts of the world, the relation between population and resources is already unfavourable and will probably become even more unfavourable in the future.This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.And not only to peace, but also to democraticinstitutions and personal liberty.For overpopulation is not compatib1e with freedom.An unfavourable relationship between numbers and resources tends to make the earning of a living almost intolerably difficult.Labour is more abundant than goods, and the individual is compelled to work long hours for little pay.No surplus of accumulated purchasing power stands between him and the tyrannies of unfriendly nature or of the equally unfriendly wielders of political and economic power.Democracy is, among other things, the ability to say 'no' to the boss.But a man cannot say 'no' to the boss, unless he is sure of being able to eat when the boss's favour has been withdrawn.And he cannot be certain of his next meal unless he owns the means of producing enough wealth, for his family to live on, or has been able to accumulate a surplus out of past wages, or has a chance of moving to virgin territories, where he can make a fresh start.In an overcrowded country, very few people own enough to make them financially independent; very few are in a position to accumulate purchasing power; and there is no free land.Moreover, in any country where population presses hard upon natural resources, the general economic situation is apt to be so precarious that government control of capital and labour, production and consumption, becomes inevitable.It is no accident that the twentieth century should be the century of highly centralized governments andtotalitarian dictatorships; it had to be so for the simple reason that the twentieth century is the century of planetary overcrowding.New words and expressions 生词短语precarious a. 不稳定的perilous 山势险恶的，危险的poverty n.贫困I live in poverty. / I’m poverty-stricken. / My family is poverty-stricken.constitute vt. 构成 constitute a menace 构成威胁compatible with 和……处的来incompatibleThe meal is tolerable. 这饭还说的过去。

Royal espionage 王室谍报活动 Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighboring regions.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit forprolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. ⼀一间谍活动中世纪的咏游歌⼿手⾦金金琴⺠民歌___魔术杂技的⾯面⼊入向那⾥里里-n 得-i 持久的微不不⾜足道需供⽽而应⾯面对尤击⼀一n⼩小规模战⽃斗Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 阿尔弗雷雷德⼤大帝曾亲⾃自充当间谍。

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first‘modern men’came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil manNew words and expressions生词短语recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。

新概念英语第四册Lesson40：WavesWaves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Raysfrom the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, tolife. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves – andancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth’s most complicated natural phenomena. The basic featuresinclude a crest ( the highest point of the wave), atrough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance fromthe trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period(which isthe time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actualitywaves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave,the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes aparticle on the surface to move in a roughly circularorbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it andthen – as the wave leaves the particles behind – back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other ‘living’ thing. For a time itassumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes： wind, earth movements oftremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have bean generated, gravity is theforce that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.New words and expressions 生词和短语signaturen. 签名，标记infinityn. 无穷rayn. 光线energizev. 给与...能量rhythmn. 节奏transmitv. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomenan. 现象crestn. 浪峰troughn. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actualityn. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的particlen. 微粒maturityn. 成熟undulatev. 波动，形成波浪tremorn. 震颤gravitationaladj. 地心吸力的参考译文海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。

something后置定语be of结构smething valuable greatly/smething greatlyvaluableprevent fromLesson 9 Curiosities of Animal Life动物生活趣闻Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles—or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.Lesson 10 Thoughts in the Wilderness荒野里的遐想In our new society there is a growing dislike of original, creative men. Themanipulated do notunderstand them;the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard them with horror, knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them.We could do with a few original, creative men in our political life—if only to create some enthusiasm, release some energy—but where are they? We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative. The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men, without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success, get on in this society, capturing one plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments, promoting the human beings who seem closest to them. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe. The twin ideals of our time, organization and quantity, will have won for ever.New words and expressions生词短语Notes on the text课文注释Lesson 11 Spies in Britain英国的间谍Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.While Alfred’s little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle : and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes—and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!Lesson 12 The Language of Hollywood好莱坞的语言What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness. This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness. Such impressiveness usually takes the form of truly grandiose realism. Nothing is spared to make the setting, the costumes, all of the surface details correct. These efforts help to mask the essential emptiness of the characterization, and the absurdities and trivialities of the plots. The houses look like houses, the streets look like streets; the people look and talk like people; but they are empty of humanity, credibility, and motivation. Needless to say, the disgraceful censorship code is an important factor in predetermining the content of these pictures. But the code does not disturb the profits, nor the entertainment value ofI am rather sad.rather cloudingIt is fairly sunny.He is fairly handsome. He is rather mean.drewxun3. some : certain4. nature : 本质5. literally: actually6. dream telling / dream teller / fortune teller /palm reader7. looks as if看起来像8. overthrow our former hypothesis推翻了我们以前的论点9. a brief peri od of…10. to a degree : to some extent / in a senseEverybody is self-repairing.muscle stretch / flexibility / spring / elasticself-correcting / self-adjusting11. when more or less continuously active. 省略了主语tissues和谓语are如果出现when / if / though句型做状语从句，而主句的主，谓语与从句主，谓语相同，则从句的主，谓语可以省略。

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。

新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。

为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (thehighest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。

新概念英语第四册第40课:WavesFirst listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后答复以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean were convey to the observerWaves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。

太阳光刺激了地球的大气层，并给予它能量；阳光使空气开始流动，产生节奏，获得生命。

然后，风把太阳的住处带给了大海，海洋用波浪的形式传递这个信息一个源过流长、高雅而有力的信息。

These ocean waves are among the earth s most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean andeverything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.这些海浪属于地球上最复杂的自然现象。