2019高考英语单项选择精选第4章：介词练习题{1}及解析

介词1.介词的分类1)介通常指一个的介如：at，between，in，to等2) 合成介指有两个合在一起构成的介如：into，upon，without等3)介短指有两个或两个以上合在一起所构成的介，如 because of，in frontof 等①介短的构成：“介 + ” 构叫做介短。

能作介的有名、代、数或从句 e.g. Who ’s knocking at the door?（名）②介短的用法A. 作状 e.g. I arrived at the concert hallin time （状）.B.作定 e.g. Here is a chequefor $30（定） .C.作表 e.g. The museum is justacross the street（表） .D.作足 e.g. We must keep the classroomin good order（：表明教室的状）.2.常用介词用法辨析1)表示的介①表示年、月、日、刻等用at，in， onA ．at 用于表示刻、刻的某一点 e.g. at eleven o’\atclocknoon \ at presentB．on 用于表示某日，某天的上午、下午、晚上 e.g. on Saturday \ On March 8th C．in 用于表示一段或季 e.g. in December \ in spring②表示前后用 before， afterA. before:在⋯.之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at any time before eleven a.m.B. after:在⋯.之后 e.g. Spring comes after winter.③表示期限等用 by，until ， tillA.by: 在⋯.之前，不于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone.B.Until ，till: 直到⋯. 止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night.④表示期等用 for ，during， through，betweenA.for: 达⋯.之久（表示了多少） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks.B.during: 在⋯期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night.C.through: 在整整一段内 e.g. She sat there, alone, all through that day.D. between: 在（两个）之，突出的起点和点，相当于from ⋯ .toe.g. He kept on working between seven and twelve last night.⑤表示的起点用 from， sinceA.from: 从⋯.起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited.B.since: 自从⋯.以来 e.g. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice.⑥表示的等用 in，withinA.in: ⋯.后（未来） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month.B.within: 以内，不超 e.g. He will arrive within an hour.2)表示所、方向的介①表示所的介：at，in，on，above，over，under，below，near，by，between，among，around， round，about，in front of ， behinde.g. There are many trees around the lake.【注】表示“某地在⋯.里” 要用 in（包含关系）；表示“某地在另外一地某方向” 要用 on 或 to；如果两地有空距离（不接壤），必用 to②表示方向的介： in，into，out of，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for ，from，over，by， paste.g. You must put the dirty paper in the basket.3)表示原因的介①常用来表示原因的介有 because of，for e.g. Because of her illness my grandma stayedin bed for a week.②某些其他介也可用来表示原因，如 at，from ，with ，of e.g. The old man died of cancer.4)其他介的用法①表示手段和材料等用法的介 :with ，in，byA ．with ：和⋯在一起，有、具有，用某种工具或方法 e.g. He is playing with his children. B．in：以⋯形式，以⋯方式；用⋯言；表示衣着、声特点 e.g. She keeps a diary inEnglish.C．by：被⋯ e.g. Around the city were mountains covered by snow.②表示“由⋯.制成”的介 :of ，fromA.of ：表示成品看得出原材料 e.g. The table is made of wood.B.from ：表示成品看不出原材料 e.g. This kind of paper is made from wood.③表示其他的介 :without ， like ，as，against等A.without ：没有 e.g. He rushed to the office without having his breakfast.B.like ：像，如，跟⋯一 e.g. What ’ s he like?C.as：作 e.g. He is famous as a scientist here.D.against：靠着，反对 e.g. Don ’ t stand against the door.3.常见的介词短语1)动词 +介词look after， prepare for， agree with， listen to，wait for2)Be+形容词 +介词 be proud of，be different from，be famous for， be pleased with，be kind to， be good at，be late for，be afraid of3)名词 +介词key to，reason for， difficulty in ，progress in，way of4)固定介词搭配at the moment，by chance， by turns，for ever， in fact，on business中考题库 4介词选择题1.(2010．河北中考 ) Sally is very happy. There is a big smile her face.A. onB. toC. in D . a2.（ 2010．娄底中考）—It’ s very important us to make a plan before a new term.— Yes. You must try to make it carefully.A. ofB. forC. to3.(2010 盐·城中考 )It’ s very kind _______youThank. you for your helpA. ofB. forC. toD. on4.(2010. 内·江中考 )All of us went to the park______ Bob. He had to look after his sister.A. besidesB. withC. except5.（ 2010 自·贡中考）— We’ ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?-- Let ’ s make it _________half past eight _______the morning of June 21.A. at; inB./;onC./;in6. (2010 潍·坊中考 ) The little elephant is afraid to go alone. He always walks _______his mother.A. besideB. behindC. belowD. under7（. 2010 ·南京中考） Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, was born _______November,1867,in the city of Warsaw in Poland.A. atB. onC. inD. to8. (2010 上·海中考 )The famous actor often plays ________his children in the park.A. aboutB. inC. atD. with9.（ 2010 ·晋江中考）–Peter, can you tell me the differences __________ the four words?--Sorry, I don’ t know.A. betweenB. amongC. for10.（ 2010 ·成都中考）—Frank, when will the short meeting begin?--You should come _______2:30 .If you come 10 minutes ________that time ,the meeting will be over.A. at; beforeB. at; afterC. after; before11. (2009北·京中考 ) Einstein, the famous scientist, was born ______ March, 1879.A. atB. onC. inD. to12. (2009河·南中考 ) - When is Henry’ s birthday party, Lynn?-The 18th,about three o ’ clock in the afternoon.A. inB. atC. onD. to13. (2009连·云港中考 ) -What’ s the TV news______?-The Chinese Team won five gold medals at World Table Tennis Championships.A. atB. acrossC. aboveD. about14. (2009山·东中考 ) Lin Lin often practices English ______ chatting with her American friend.A. inB. byC. forD. with15.(2009 龙·岩中考 ) - Where is Taiwan, do youknow? -Why? It ’ s ______the southeast of China.A. inB. onC. to16. (2009A. at 淄·博中考 ) Tom told me his parents had arrivedB. onC. inD. toBeijing.17. (2009 宁·夏中考 ) -When will the party be held?-________ two weeks ’ time,th 15July.A. In; onB. In; inC. On; onD. At; on18. (2009黔·东南中考 ) Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’ s _________ the east of Fujian.A. inB. onC. to19. (2009泰·安中考 ) -Xiao Shenyang is so popular us.-Yeah, he is one of my favorite pop stars.A. forB. toC. withD. on20. (2009东·营中考 ) Here are some flowers ________ you ________ our best wishes.A. to; forB. for; withC. of; toD. from; to21. (2009重·庆中考 ) I got an e-mail this morning. It was _______ my foreign friend, Tony.A. inB. onC. atD. from22. (2009成·都中考 ) –Can you see some people are waiting _______ the library?-Yes. They are standing in a queue in front of its gate.A. aroundB. insideC. outside23.(2009 哈·尔滨中考 ) You can find a way to reach your goals when you are proud _______ yourself and stand tall like a sunflower.A. onB. fromC. of24.(2009 南·充中考 ) –What did you study _______university? -I didn ’ t go _______ university.A. at; toB. for; intoC. for; in25. (2009A. at 绍·兴中考 ) LindaB. in’ s teacher was so mad ________ her because she madeotsofl mistakes in thetest. C. on D. about26.(2009 施·恩中考 ) There is going to be a wonderful party ________ the evening of October1st, 2009.A. inB. onC. atD. for27.(2009 河·北中考 ) Let ’ s play table tennis ______ Tuesday morning, shall we?A. onB. inC. toD. at28.(2009 济·宁中考 ) We have been doing much better in English ________ our teacher’ s help.A. inB. toC. forD. with29.(2009 深·圳中考 ) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either _________ OK, but I prefer coffee _________ milk.A. is, hasB. are, withC. is, withD. are, has30. (2009 安·徽中考 ) –Why are you standing there, Maggie?-I can’ t see blackboardth clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ______ me.A. behindB. in the front ofC. besideD. next to31. (2009A. on 漳·州中考) The young men walked ______ the forest and came to a big river at last.B. overC. throughD. across32.(2008 山·西中考 ) ________ a teacher, John thinks that his main duty is to help the students to become better learners.A. AsB. ByC. About33. (2008 临·沂中考 ) -What time will you be home?-I don A. of ’ t know. It dependsB. onthe traffic.C. forD. from34.(2008 连·云港中考 ) –Is the tie made ________silk? -Yes. It ’ s made ________ Italy.A. from, inB. of, inC. from, ofD. of, from35. (2008 巴·中中考 ) -Thank you very much ________ helping me.-Not at all.A. forB. ofC. to36. (2008 莆·田中考 ) He often borrows things ________ others, but he doesn ’tlend anything ________ anybody.A. to, fromB. from, toC. from, for37.(2008 咸·宁中考 ) -All the clerks went home ________ Mr. Wang.Why? -Because he had to finish his work.A. exceptB. besidesC. withoutD. beside38. (2008 茂·名中考A. in39. (2008 安·徽中考-Listen to music.A. over40. (2008 南·通中考A. away from41. (2008 徐·州中考A. in42. (2008 海·南中考A. in43. (2008 北·京中考 A. on44. (2008 泸·州中考 A. on45. (2008 河·北中考 A. at ) The fastest way to travel to Shanghai is _______ air .B. byC. on) –What do you often do _________ classes to relax yourself?B. amongC. betweenD. through) Our English teacher was standing ________ us so that she could hear us all clearly.B. far behindC. betweenD. among.) You can improve your English ________ reading more.B. withC. byD. of) Hainan celebrated ( 庆祝 ) her twentieth birthday _______ April 26, 2008.B. atC. on) Peter usually gets up early _________ the morning.B. inC. atD. of) The little boys go to school ________ Monday to Saturday.B. fromC. to) You must ride your bike ________ the right side of the road.B. onC. inD. for46.(2008 ·都中考成 ) When the school building began to shake, the teachers ran downstairs _________ all the students. The teachers are real heroes.A. afterB. withC. sinceD. for47. (2008芜·湖中考 ) The policeman helped the old woman _________ the road.A. aboveB. acrossC. throughD. over48. (2008芜·湖中考 ) The way we learn English is quite different ________ that we learn maths.A. fromB. offC. betweenD. with49. (2007乐·山中考 ) Many teachers believe that children learn_________ life, not just from their textbooks.A. of B from C. for D. with50. (2007重·庆中考 ) Many sportsmen are getting ready ______ the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. toB. withC. forD. on51. (2007杭·州中考 ) Oh, it’ s you, Ella! Your voice sounds very different ________ the phone. WhatA. fromB. inC. ofD. on52.(2007 连·云港中考 ) It is important _______ us students to make a plan ________ our studies before anew term starts.A. for, forB. of, forC. to, ofD. with, on1-5ABACB6-10ACDBB11．【解析】选 C。

【最新】2019高中英语介词练习（含答案）高中英语介词练习(含答案)1. __ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed,A. ExceptB. BesidesC. BesideD. Except for2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _____ writing often.A. withB. onC. byD. from3. Come and see me ______ two or three days' time.A. forB. afterC. in .D. during4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _____ the foot of the mountain.A. onB. atC. inD. to5. The coffee shop is _____ the street.A. onB. acrossC. inD. to6. His grandfather has been ill __ the last year.A, for B. since C. from D. after7. In this matt er, I’m sorry that I have to side ______ you.A. atB. toC. againstD. with8. We normally use the front entrance _____ the building but there isanother entrance ____ the back.A. to, toB. at, atC. to, atD. of, in9. The police have said that there is no connection _______ the murders.A. inB. forC. onD. between10. To my horror, I saw,_______ my father's shoulder, a gorilla.A. onB. aboveC. overD. from11. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find itdifficult to ____the time.A. get hold ofB. be covered withC. get along withD. keep up with12. Many good books will be ______ the new library.A. addedB. added toC. added up toD. added up。

【英语】高中介词练习题及答案详解一、单项选择介词1．_______ entering the classroom, remember to take your seat and turn off your cell phone. A． At B． From C． Upon D． As【答案】 C【分析】剖析：句意：一入教室，得坐下关掉手机。

Upon+名或名，表示“一⋯”，at “在⋯地方，听⋯”， from “来自”， As“做”，所以C。

考点：考介辨析2．Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.A． with B． over C． at D． about【答案】 D【分析】意是“就在儿工作的原由，代化的和无烟境是我喜在儿工作的两个原由。

”about表示“对于，就⋯而言”。

3．Elizabeth has already achieved success_____her wildest dreams.D． uponA． at B． beyond C． within【答案】 B【分析】Elizabeth 做梦也没想都会成功。

Beyond 超。

其余不符。

4．Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.A． of B． as C． by D． with【答案】 C【分析】考介辨析。

句意“ 在，有的医院直接登患者的名字，而不是病号。

”by name“以名字”。

故 C。

5．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. A． in B．forC． by D． from【答案】D【分析】辨析。

（5套）2019年高考英语必修4 章节知识点汇总附同步练习及答案Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.答案：is regarded 当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。

2．He was observed by officers ________(drive) at 90 miles per hour.答案：driving observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.­ing表示动作正在进行。

3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)．答案：to apologize intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。

4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________(achieve) for one so young.答案：achievement a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。

5．With our teacher ________(support) us, we feel quite encouraged.答案：supporting support “支持”前有With, 因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。

第四模块语法填空【考纲解读】高考全国卷语法填空题从考点上分为纯空格式与给词填空式两类,共10小题,每小题 1.5分。

该考点设置为在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空,部分空的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。

试题从语法角度对短文进行适当地分散挖空,其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。

年份卷别/体裁题材词数提示型无提示型名词动词形容词副词代词比较级最高级非谓语冠词介词连词关系词2018Ⅰ说明文跑步的好处1911211311Ⅱ说明文农作物种植结构的调整205 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Ⅲ记叙文偶遇大猩猩2101111121112017Ⅰ说明文低脂肪低盐对健康的影响21312112111Ⅱ说明文英国地铁的发展历程1902221111Ⅲ记叙文兼职模特Sarah21022121112016Ⅰ记叙文造访大熊猫基地199********Ⅱ说明文如何应对工作中的压力19022111111Ⅲ说明文筷子的发展史19412121 21通过研读近三年的高考试题,并结合上述分析表可以看出语法填空试题具有如下特点:1.题材特点试题均采用“短文体”,选材广泛,与时俱进,再现真实的生活场景,引导学生感悟真知,学以致用;全面培养学生的学科素养和个人生活的价值取向。

2.测试特点短文设10个空,分提示型和无提示型两种类型,提示型设空一般为7个,无提示型一般为3个。

提示词多为实词,主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)词性的相互转化和最基本的语法概念,如:时态、语态、非谓语动词等。

无提示词处多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。

考点分布均匀,除了强调结构、倒装句、省略句和情态动词等之外,基础和重点的语法项目都考查到了,试题突出了高考对于重点语法的考查,充分体现了语法知识的语用功能,全面考查考生活用语法知识的能力,在坚持“基础、常见、实用”的原则上,着重考查考生在语境中应用语法知识的能力。

第四模块语法填空【考纲解读】高考全国卷语法填空题从考点上分为纯空格式与给词填空式两类,共10小题,每小题1.5分。

该考点设置为在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空,部分空的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。

试题从语法角度对短文进行适当地分散挖空,其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。

通过研读近三年的高考试题,并结合上述分析表可以看出语法填空试题具有如下特点:1.题材特点试题均采用“短文体”,选材广泛,与时俱进,再现真实的生活场景,引导学生感悟真知,学以致用;全面培养学生的学科素养和个人生活的价值取向。

2.测试特点短文设10个空,分提示型和无提示型两种类型,提示型设空一般为7个,无提示型一般为3个。

提示词多为实词,主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)词性的相互转化和最基本的语法概念,如:时态、语态、非谓语动词等。

无提示词处多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。

考点分布均匀,除了强调结构、倒装句、省略句和情态动词等之外,基础和重点的语法项目都考查到了,试题突出了高考对于重点语法的考查,充分体现了语法知识的语用功能,全面考查考生活用语法知识的能力,在坚持“基础、常见、实用”的原则上,着重考查考生在语境中应用语法知识的能力。

3.命题规律试题本着“突出语境、重在运用、符合表达、体现能力”的原则,强调语法知识在具体语境中的运用。

其命题规律主要体现在:①从句子结构与语法形式入手考查句子常识和基础语法,语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题重点;②从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手考查词类的转换,词类转换以实词中的名词、动词、形容词、副词四类为主。

每一篇语言材料都会给出适当的提示词,且给出的提示词多是词汇的本义。

命题者要求考生根据所给词汇的本义以及适当的语境进行词性的转换,进而得出正确答案。

语法填空题的设题类型可以分为提示型和无提示型两种类型。

2018全国高考汇编之介词+连词启迪精品英语工作室出品一（2018安徽卷）25．The meaning of the word "nice' changed a few times it finally came to include the sense "pleasant."A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. while【考点】考察状语从句连词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】连词before在…之前；after在…之后；since自从，既然；D当…时；然而；句义：在“nice”这个词最后包括有“pleasant”的意义之前，它的意思已经变化了好几次了。

本句中的副词finally说明最后nice 包括有“pleasnt”的意思，说明意义多次变化是之前发生的事情。

根据句义说明A正确。

【举一反三】You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as〖答案〗A〖考点〗本题考查状语从句的引导词。

〖解析〗该句的意思是：在你得到你的学生卡之前你不能从学校图书馆借书。

所以选before。

二（2018安徽卷）31．What we expect from you is working hard hardly working.A. less thanB. rather thanC. as well asD. as much as【考点】考察介词短语辨析【答案】B【解析】介词动词less th an少于…；rather than而不是…；as well as…和…同…也…并；as much as…多达…；句义：我们对你的期待是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。

根据句义说明B正确。

三（2018北京卷）21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but【考点】考察连词辨析【答案】A【解析】本题考察的连词都是常见的连词。

山东2019高考英语专项检测练习单项选择（1）及解析第***套1.Hebecameself-satisfiedbecauseofhis______.A.interestsB.observationC.behaviorD.achievements【解析】D。

考查名词辨析。

句意：他因为成就而变得自鸣得意。

Interests兴趣，利益；observation观察，监视，观察报告；behavior行为；achievements成就。

2.John,lookatthetime.___________yousingsongsatsuchalatehour?A、MustB、CanC、MayD、Need【解析】A。

考查情态动词。

句意：约翰,看看时间。

你必须在这么晚的时刻唱歌吗?Must必须；can能；may可能；need需要。

3.--Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit?--Yes.______morewordsandexpressions,andyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known【解析】A。

考查固定句型。

句意：--英语词汇广泛,不是吗?——是的。

了解更多的单词和词组,你会发现阅读和交流更容易。

句型结构为：祈使句，+and+主语+谓动。

4.Iwentalongthinkingnothing_______,onlylookingatthingsaroundme.A.inbriefB.indoubtC.inparticularD.inharmony【解析】C。

考查介词短语。

句意：我继续没思考什么特别的事情,只是看着我周围的一切。

inbrief简言之；indoubt怀疑；inparticular特别地；inharmony和谐无间。

5.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere_______Irealizedthisplacewasfamous,fornotonlyitsbeautyb utalsoitsweather.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.Before【解析】B。

Unit 4 Sharing一、阅读理解。

The Anchorage Museum is expanding to the north with the addition of 25,000 square feet of new gallery space for the museum's art collection and exploration of art of the north.Construction timeline：February 2016 － September 2017.Focus：This expansion is about more than bringing works from the collection out on public view.It's also about creating a wonderful description for the north through the lens(镜头)of art and furthering the museum's mission of expanding awareness of the north，its landscape and cultures.An expanded museum will：·Provide greater public access to the museum's art collection·Create physical space for each kind of the museum's mission—art，history，science，culture·Tell the story of the north and Alaska through art th at represents their landscape and people·Create positive，engaging and relevant museum experiences·Help museum visitors understand Alaska and the north through a variety of experiences ·Connect people and encourage global dialogue about the north and its different environment Project partners：The $24 million expansion is funded entirely by private dollars，including $12 million gifts from both the Rasmuson family and the Rasmuson Foundation.Anchorage Museum625 C StreetAnchorage，AK 99501907­929­9200 | Ge neral907­929­9228 | MembershipAdmission：·Member：Free·Adult：$15·Senior，Student：$10·Child 3­12：$7·2 and younger：Free1．What is the aim of the expansion?A．To make the museum unique.B．To reward the project partners.C．To make the public know the north better.D．To bring works from the collection out on public view.2．What is the deadline of the construction?A．In September 2017.B．In February 2017.C．In May 2017.D．In April 2017.3．Through the expansion，the museum may hope that ________.A．more people will travel to AlaskaB．much money will be donated to the museumC．international attention will be paid to the northD．local people will become the members of the museum4．If Jack visits the museum with two high school students and his 5­year­old son，he should pay________.A．$30 B．$36C．$40 D．$42【解题导语】本文主要介绍了Anchorage Museum扩建的相关事项。

【英语】介词专项练习题及答案详解一、单项选择介词1．This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A．to whom B．to whichC．which D．whom【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词+关系代词。

句意：这封信被退回来是因为收信人三年前去世了。

分析句子可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作介词的宾语，而定语从句中涉及be address to sb“给……写信”。

所以介词为to。

故A选项正确。

【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why 通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。

分析本句可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作作介词的宾语。

而定语从句中涉及be address to sb “给...写信”。

所以介词为to。

故A选项正确。

2．The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters _____ their race or nationally. A．regardless of B．in spite ofC．on account of D．in charge of【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。

句意：志愿人员的目的是帮助灾难的受害者，不管他们的种族或国籍。