环境科学与工程专业英语
U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?
1.句子英译中
(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.
因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。
(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.
不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。
（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。
（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.
不要走老路。结识合作伙伴，分享理念。
2.词组英译中
Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；
volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。
U4 Test : Environmental Analysis
1.词组英译中
Precision and accuracy准确度和精确度；bulk collection批量收集；matrix material基体材料（基质）；
Analysis sequence分析序列；multivariate statistics多元统计；interactive effect相互影响；insofar在…范围下；Overall analytical scheme整体分析方案。
5.translate paragraph 1—4 into Chinese.
Environment analysis involves the performance of chemical，physical，and biological measurements in an environmental system . This system may involve either the natural or the polluted environment，although the term “environmental analysis”is increasingly used to refer only to situations in which measurements are made of pollutants .
Normally，four types of measurements are made：qualitative analysis to identify the species present；quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present；speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle)；and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question .
The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior . In the case of pollutants，this involves assessment of their actual or potential environmental impact，which may be manifest in several ways . Thus，a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals .It may also cause contamination of resources (such as air，water，and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes . The effects of pollutants on materials，especially building materials，may be another area of concern and one which is often very visible and displeasing (for example，the defacing of ancient statues by dioxide in the atmosphere) . A further area of environmental impact involves esthetic depreciation such as reduced visibility，dirty skies，and unpleasant odors .Finally，it is important to recognize that an environmental impact may not always be discernible by normal human perception so that detection may require sophisticated chemical or physical analyses .
