交际与文化 Communication and Culture

The Selected Scene ---Conflicts Across Border
Task:
(1) Is there an effective communication between Santiago and the police?
(2) What caused the conflicts between them and how to avoid such conflicts?
Decode
Physical
Message Channel
Channel Message Feedback
Encode Receiver
Encode
Reasons for Misunderstanding
Encoding & Decoding
Not all communication could
Section 2 1. Basics of Communication
Warm-up questions
What is communication? How would two people in love let each
other know about their feelings? How many Chinese words can you
通信
传通
1.1 Definition of Communication
Communication
Latin word “communicare”
Act and process of sending and receiving messages among people
Means of Communication

The widely accepted definition
Culture
— is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs,
values, behaviors, institutions and communication
patterns that are shared, learned and passed down
(The Modern Chinese Dictionary, 1998)
“Culture is man’s medium; there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture. This means personality, how people express themselves, including shows of emotion, the way they think, how they move, how problems are solved, how their cities are planned and laid out, how transportation systems function and are organized, as well as how economic and government systems are put together and function.” —— Edward T. Hall
Definition of Communication
Communication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction sibility:

2.1 Understanding Communication
2.1 Understanding Communication
2.1.1 The Process of Communication Components of the communication process: 1. behavioural resource: in communication, the behavioral source normally originates from the need and desire of the person to communicate. 2. encoding: encoding is an individual's mental activity in selecting verbal and nonverbal behaviours to create a message for the expression of a certain need or desire. 3. message: a message is a set of verbal and/or nonverbal symbols representing a person„ s particular state of being at a particular moment in time and space, which is intended to be shared with others.
2.1 Understanding Communication
Questions: 2.1.1 The Process Байду номын сангаасf Communication
1.What is a message and what are its roles in communication? 2.What constitute the major components of the intentional communication process?

Text 1 Culture and Communication 文化与交际(翻译官：彭炳铭2019.9.20.)Paragraph 1.The term “culture” comes from anthropologists’ studies of human societies. 文化这一术语出自人类学家对人类社会的研究。

Culture is the particular configuration of behaviors, norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and basic assumptions that differ from society to society .文化是由特定行为、道德规范、态度、价值观、信仰、和基本假说等要素构成，这些要素因社会不同而不同。

This means that culture is not “objective” in the sense that phenomena in the natural world are (or seem to be ) objective.意思是：大自然的现象都是客观的，在这个意义上讲，文化就不是“客观的”。

Culture can look different depending upon who does the looking, when they look and from what direction.1/ 20文化看起来是不同的，这有赖于谁在看、何时看、从什么方向（角度）来看。

This makes culture difficult to grasp. 这就使得文化很难掌握。

Paragraph 2.Culture has been defined in many ways but a classic definition is : 文化的定义是多方面的，但有一个经典的定义是：Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups … the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.”【译文】文化包含各种外显和内隐的行为模式，这些行为模式通过符号习得和传播，构成了人类群体与众不同的成就。