中考英语句子结构与成分解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)
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中考英语句子结构与成分解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)
一、句子结构与成分
1.Which structure is right?
A. Your father is ill in bed.(S+V) B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O)
C. Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC) D. He seems ill.(S+V+P)
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意: 哪个结构是正确的? A is 是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V表示主谓,B fell 是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O 表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式, S+V+P 表示主系表,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法。
2.—What an interesting story she told us!
—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.
A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
3.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。
【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。
4.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
5.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC 【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。A是主谓结构;B是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补。Linda是主语(S);bought是谓语动词(V),a book是宾语(O);故答案为C。
【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。
6.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.
A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。
7.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.
A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表语,故选C。
【点评】考查to do不定式做表语。
8.Gina's books _______ in the room.
A. is everywhere B. are everywhere C. is at everywhere D. are at everywhere
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books,复数,用are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B。
【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法。
9.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day."?
A. "Tom" B. "rides" C. "his bike" D. "every day"
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:句子“汤姆每天骑自行车去上学”的动词是哪一部分?在原句"Tom
rides his bike to school every day."中,Tom是主语,rides是谓语,his bike是宾语,to school是动词不定式表目的作状语,every day是时间状语。故答案为B。
【点评】考查简单句的结构。掌握简单句的五种基本类型。
10.What he ________ does not matter.
A. says B. saying C. say D. said 【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D。
【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。
11.They ________ take a short rest.
A. stopped to B. stop C. stopped D. stopping
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:他们停下来休息。简单句,主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语,stop,不及物动词,停下来,故选A。
【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。
12."Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade." The
main structure of the sentence is .
A. S+V B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意:这些关于夏天甜美的记忆主要是宁静的溪流、树和影子。A、
S+V=Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语) ;B、 S+V+DO+OC=主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;C、
S+V+IO+DO =Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object
(直接宾语) ;D、S+V+P=subject+verb+predicate ,属于主系表结构;该句是主系表结构,主语是: Those sweet memories of summer days,系动词are+表语,即剩下的部分,用于说明主语,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意主谓宾结构的句子的用法。
13.He was also famous philosopher. (选出定语)
A. He B. also C. famous D. philosopher
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C。
【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分,分析句子结构,选出正确答案。
14.Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like .