西南交通大学博士生入学考试英语考试纲要

博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试（English Proficiency Test for Ph.D. Candidates）是用于评估博士研究生在英语听、说、读、写能力方面的考试。

该考试旨在测试学生对学术领域内英语的理解和运用能力，以确保学生具备进行学术研究和写作的基本英语能力。

博士研究生专业英语考试通常包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 听力考试（Listening Test）：测验学生对英语听力材料的理解能力，包括听取学术讲座、学术研究报告等。

2. 口语考试（Speaking Test）：测验学生在学术交流中的口头表达能力，包括自我介绍、回答问题、陈述观点等。

3. 阅读考试（Reading Test）：测验学生对英语学术文献的阅读理解能力，包括理解文章主旨、判断作者观点、理解文章结构等。

4. 写作考试（Writing Test）：测验学生的学术写作能力，要求学生根据提供的题目或材料进行学术论述或分析。

博士研究生专业英语考试的成绩经常作为博士研究生入学的重要参考依据，学生需要根据考试要求进行针对性的准备。

通过这个考试，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，为以后的学术研究和职业发展奠定基础。

博士生英语教学大纲
博士生英语教学大纲主要包括以下内容：
1. 听力理解：要求考生在听完录音后掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容，并能对报告或文章主题、要点、主要问题、结论以及报告人身份、场合、报告人意图、语气等问题写出简要的答案，或填写简单的表格。

2. 口语表达能力：能够结合自己的专业写出学术报告并进行8-15分钟的口头报告。

报告中能充分表达自己的学术研究成果及自己的学术见解。

要求能对报告后专家、学者提出的问题进行简明、扼要的回答。

3. 阅读理解能力：能运用各项阅读技能，熟练阅读并正确理解难度较大、结构复杂的文献。

读后能够理解文章内容，归纳中心思想。

阅读应该以准确理解与大量阅读并重。

认知200个左右词根和词缀，并能够根据构词法识别
派生词。

4. 书面表达和翻译能力：测试考生用英语表达学术思想的能力。

较熟练地运用基本写作技能，按要求在1小时内写出300词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语言符合学术写作规范，基本符合英语表达习惯。

5. 非英语专业博士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲：此部分内容应与《硕士博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》相配套。

以上信息仅供参考，具体大纲内容建议查阅博士生英语教材或相关教辅材料。

大连交通大学博士生入学英语考试大纲第一部分笔试一、试卷结构2015年英语入学考试笔试由四部分组成：英语应用(完型填空15%)、阅读理解(40%)、翻译（30%）、写作（15%）；共100分。

二、考试要求1、英语应用完型填空主要测试考生的英语综合应用能力，包括在上下文中掌握和应用词汇、短语和语法知识等。

共30题；占15%。

2、阅读理解阅读理解部分阅读总量约1800词(不包括题目及选项)；共30题；主要测试考生宗旨概括、结论推导、观点态度判断、上下文推测等能力。

每篇文章后设有选题，每题设4个选项。

要求考生在阅读文章后，根据内容，按题目要求从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

3、翻译翻译分2部分（Section A, Section B）；A部分为英译汉，占15%)；B部分为汉译英，占15%。

A.英译汉主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性。

要求考生把一篇英语文章（300—400词）译成汉语。

要求：译文忠实原文，译文基本通顺。

B.汉译英主要测试考生把汉语译成英语的基本能力，包括英语的用词、句子模式、表达、衔接形式以及汉英两种语言应用能力。

要求考生把一篇300—400汉字的短文译成英语。

译文要求：译文基本准确，意义表达基本连贯；句子无重大语法和拼写错误。

4、写作按具体要求在40分钟内写出180--200字的议论文、说明文或书信等（如命题作文、英汉语简要提纲、图表资料等），要求所写作文必须扣题、结构清晰、文理通顺、无重大语法和拼写错误。

三、考试时间考试时间为180分钟。

附表：考试各个部分的题目数、计分和考试时间列表第二部分口试1、口试部分包括听力测试。

要求考生听一段英语录音，短文或对话，之后用英语复述所听的内容。

2、口语考试：要求考生抽签选题。

根据所选的口语试题进行陈述和问答。

3、口试时间：复式时确定。

西南大学博士入学考试英语试题（2012）Part I V ocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the. following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet1.A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme whichit has received from another station.A. relyB. relayC. relateD. reside2.The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this yearin Vienna, was a very meeting.A. productiveB. overwhelmingC. compulsoryD. protective3.A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately andhow to calculate ratios and averages.A. staticB. statisticC. statisticsD. status4.If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so thatyou assume that they will behave in a particular way.A. assimilateB. simulateC. stereotypeD. subordinate5.Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking thatmakes what we read ours.A. rectifiesB. prolongsC. furnishesD. minimizes6.Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middleof the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door.A. glidingB. cruisingC. pilotingD. patrolling7.Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostlyfrom _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination8.Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, havebeen able to dispel ideas about these creatures.A. erroneousB. misdemeanorsC. misgivingsD. misdirection9.development.A. evolutionB. survivalC. rivalryD. dignity10.To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ oflife in a short time, and this made others astonished.（原题有误）A. accelerateB. operateC. generateD. utilize11.Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945.A. conditionalB. infiniteC. everlastingD. unconditional12.It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people whocould hardly keep their body and soul together.A. hypothesisB. paradoxC. conflictD. dispute13.The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’twant to do sports every day.A. cumulativeB. formidableC. eternalD. prospective14.The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced themto give money just as they were about to knock off.A. shotB. frightenedC. amusedD. menaced15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when thedepartment store made a _____ of the stored goods.A. clearanceB. reductionC. fortuneD. deal16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery ofinformation, thus making more information available to more people.A. formulatedB. facilitatedC. furnishedD. functioned17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. irrelevantlyD. independently18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mothertongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith.A. catersB. adheresC. ascribesD. subscribes19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods inEnglish teaching.A. sponsorsB. contributorsC. advocatesD. performers20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed inunderstanding the universe.A. essenceB. contentC. textureD. threshold Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently , however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory .Y et putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy . Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care.An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas.21.The main topic of the passage is .A.the present situation of American doctorsB.the legislation on rural medical servicesC.the problems of country doctors and possible solutionsD.some factors of disqualification of country doctors22.According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A.taking drugs and drinking alcoholB.feeling remorse of their bad behaviorC.being professional unskillfulD.being sick and conservative23.Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors?A.1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine.B.The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those unqualified doctors.C.Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in densely populated urban areas.D.Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors give them.24.It can be inferred from the text that in the near future .A.there will be more qualified doctors in rural areasB.there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and urban doctorsC.country doctors are competitive in breaking medical recordsD.more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment25.The paragraph following the text would probably discuss .A.problems of urban doctorsB.other solutions to improve the present situationC.research in medical scienceD.reduction of staff in rural hospitalsQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, whileothers can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them.Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. The characteristics of bacteriaB. How bacteria reproduceC. The various functions of bacteriaD. How bacteria contribute to disease27. Bacteria are measured in __________.A. InchesB. CentimetersC. MicronsD. millimeters28. Which of the following is the smallest?A. A p inheadB. A rounded bacteriumA.tiny dotsB.small “hairs”rge rodsof the following?A. A rider jumping on a horse’s backB. A ball being hit by a batC. A boat powered by a motorD. A door closed by a gust of wind.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, whichhave multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem.B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem.C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem.D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it.32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur withgasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________.A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons.B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions.C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.D. gasoline is composed of small molecules.33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution?A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will nothelp lower urban air-pollution levels.B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicleemits have been largely unsuccessful.C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutantsemitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical sourceof urban air pollution.34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature ofmethanol?A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distributionsystem.C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels.D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticismof methanol in the last paragraph as __________.A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based.B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments.C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus.D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image.Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits---part of the great brain reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing style.Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of the momentThe next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity.Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning.A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l e f t brain can still decode the w o r d s---b u t they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful connections.36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain if _______.A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheresB. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brainC. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match upD. the person can match the image with an object37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in ________.A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primatesB. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use toolsC. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationallyD. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics EXCEPT _________.A. with different processing style39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes?A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences.B. Their left brain can still decode the words.C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”.D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions.40. The best title for the text may be __________.A. Left Brain, Right BrainB. The Local of Global ImageC. Human Brain and Animal BrainD. The Smart BrainQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.（此文不全）The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company.Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discriminationchemicals. Ycompanies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other companies lieve possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. Atat Du a leader in the chemical industry with annualturn the distrust into achievement. Ifdetermine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure.The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers ofthe trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease.41. What does the author say about Du Pont?A. It examined the blood of some blacksB. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood.C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness.D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals.42. What do Du Pont officials say?A.They are trying to protect blacks form health threats.B.They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems.C.They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter.D.They hope that other companies can follow their example.43. What is true about genetic screening?A.It often aims at black employees.B.Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia.C.Some companies do not want to do it.D.The US government strongly supports it.44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____.A.powerful.plex.C.thick.D.poisonous.45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait?A. Their number is about 50,000.B. They usually seem to have normal lives.C. They include over half of the black population.D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-，and skin-filled shows on MTV and y o u’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom V ogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.”Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball gamesor other activities.“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money , in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility . Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky , but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key , Marshall says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tellA. a market research company based in IllinoisB. a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC. the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD. the city where the spending survey was carried out. 47. Some people find it outrageous that .A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spendingB. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so muchC. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spendingD. some children disregard their notorious spending habits48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media?A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding.B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend.49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because __.A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children.B. they want to make up their guilt for their children.C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children.D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending habit?A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits.C. They should be responsible for providing for the children.D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children.Part III Cloze (10 points)Directions: It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money , and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money , which often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For most pe o p le , the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet.abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_ personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be _59_ with happiness.There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, a re profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it w i l l enjoy life if it has foodour needs are more。

2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。

以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。

一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。

该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。

考试时间为30分钟。

听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。

考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。

二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。

该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。

考试时间为50分钟。

阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。

考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。

三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。

该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。

考试时间为30分钟。

翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。

考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。

四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。

该部分共1道题，总分为20分。

考试时间为40分钟。

写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。

考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。

总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。

考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。

2023年西南交大博士申请考核一、绪论作为我国著名的高等学府之一，西南交通大学一直以来以其优质的教学质量和严格的学术氛围而闻名于世。

在申请攻读博士学位的过程中，通过参加西南交通大学博士申请考核是每一位申请者必须经历的重要环节。

本文将对2023年西南交大博士申请考核进行全面深入的介绍，旨在帮助申请者全面了解考核内容和相关要求，为顺利通过考核提供有益的参考信息。

二、考核内容西南交通大学博士申请考核主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1. 学术能力测试：该部分主要考核申请者的学术水平和研究能力，包括相关学科的基础知识、研究方法和解决问题的能力等。

2. 专业素质测试：此部分考核申请者的专业素养和综合能力，如学科前沿动态、科研方法和科研伦理等。

3. 学术英语能力测试：考核申请者的英文水平和专业英语能力，主要包括听、说、读、写等方面的考查。

4. 学术面试：通过与招生委员会教授进行面对面的交流，考核申请者的学术能力、研究方向和毅力等。

三、考核要求为了顺利通过2023年西南交大博士申请考核，申请者需具备以下基本要求：1. 具有硕士学位：申请者须已取得硕士学位，且该学位需为与所申请博士学位相关的学科专业。

2. 学术成绩优秀：申请者需具有良好的学术成绩和较高的学术水平，具备较强的科研能力和潜力。

3. 学术英语要求：申请者需具备良好的英语听、说、读、写能力，取得较高的英语水平成绩。

4. 学术研究意向：申请者需要明确的研究方向和动机，并具备一定的科研基础和实践经验。

四、考核流程2023年西南交大博士申请考核的流程主要分为以下几个步骤：1. 全球信息站报名：申请者需在规定的时间内登入西南交通大学招生办公室全球信息站进行报名，提交个人信息和申请材料。

2. 笔试考核：通过学术能力和学术英语能力测试，考查申请者的学术水平和学术英语能力。

3. 面试环节：经过笔试合格的申请者将接受学术面试，与招生委员会教授进行面对面的交流。

4. 综合评定：综合申请者的笔试成绩、面试表现等因素进行综合评定，确定是否录取。

2024全国博士英语考试大纲The 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. Designed to assess proficiency in English language skills at the doctoral level, the syllabus outlines the key areas of focus and the types of tasks that candidates can expect to encounter. 。

The examination covers four main components: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, and Translation. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of language proficiency, including understanding, analysis, synthesis, and expression.Listening Comprehension tests candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a variety of recordings, including lectures, discussions, and presentations, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension of the content, main ideas, supporting details, and speaker's attitude or opinion.Reading Comprehension assesses candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will encounter a range of text types, such as academic articles, reports, essays, and literary passages. They will be required to demonstrate their comprehension of the texts by answering questions that test their understanding of main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary, inference, and rhetorical devices.The Writing component evaluates candidates' ability to produce coherent and well-organized written English. Candidates will be presented with prompts or topics and asked to write essays, reports, or other text types. They will need to demonstrate their ability to generate and develop ideas, organize information logically, use appropriate language and style, and support their arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Translation tests candidates' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Candidates will be required to translate passages that cover a range oftopics and genres, including academic, scientific, technical, and literary texts. They will need to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, as well as their ability to convey the original meaning and tone of the text.Overall, the 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a clear outline of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. By familiarizing themselves with the content and format of the exam, candidates can better prepare and improve their chances of success.。

西南交通大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考试性质博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为我校招收博士生而设置的具有选拔性质的入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，为博士阶段的专业学习奠定扎实的英语基础。

二、考试形式和试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题时，直接将答题内容写在考场提供的答题纸上，答在试卷上的内容无效。

（二）试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、翻译。

第一部分：阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

该部分为多项选择题，考生需要在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

共8篇文章，每篇文章长度为450词左右，要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。

每篇文章设5题，共40题。

每小题1分，共40分。

第二部分：词汇主要考查考生在上下文语境中准确理解并运用词汇的能力。

该部分多项选择题，考生需要在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

共20题，每小题1分，共20分。

第三部分：完形填空主要考查考生对英语知识点的综合运用能力。

在一篇约300词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

第四部分：翻译考查考生理解所给语言材料并将其译成目标语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

该部分分为2小节。

A节为英译汉，考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

B节为汉译英，考查考生理解所给汉语语言材料并将其译成英语的能力。

A和B节各包括5个短句，每个短句3分，共30分。

三、考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

南邮博士研究生招生英语水平考试全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1NPU Doctoral Admissions English Proficiency ExamIntroduction:The English proficiency exam for doctoral admissions at Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) is an important component of the application process for prospective doctoral students. This exam is designed to assess the English language skills of applicants and ensure that they possess the necessary proficiency to succeed in a doctoral program conducted in English.Exam Format:The English proficiency exam for NPU doctoral admissions consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section is designed to evaluate a different aspect of the applicant's English language skills.1. Listening: The listening section of the exam includes a series of audio recordings that test the applicant's ability tounderstand spoken English. Applicants will listen to conversations, lectures, and other audio sources and answer questions based on the information presented.2. Reading: The reading section of the exam evaluates the applicant's reading comprehension and vocabulary skills. Applicants will be required to read a series of passages and answer questions based on the content of the passages.3. Writing: The writing section requires applicants to write a short essay on a given topic. This section assesses the applicant's ability to communicate effectively in written English and organize their ideas coherently.4. Speaking: The speaking section of the exam evaluates the applicant's oral communication skills. Applicants will be required to participate in a speaking test, where they will be asked to discuss a variety of topics and demonstrate their ability to express themselves clearly and fluently.Preparation:To prepare for the English proficiency exam for NPU doctoral admissions, applicants are encouraged to practice their English language skills regularly. This may include reading English books, listening to English podcasts, watching Englishmovies, and engaging in conversations with native English speakers.Applicants may also consider enrolling in English language courses or hiring a tutor to help them improve their English proficiency. Additionally, practicing sample exam questions and familiarizing oneself with the format of the exam can help applicants feel more confident and prepared on exam day.Conclusion:The English proficiency exam for doctoral admissions at NPU plays a crucial role in assessing the English language skills of applicants and ensuring that they are prepared to succeed in a doctoral program conducted in English. By adequately preparing for the exam and demonstrating proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking, applicants can increase their chances of being admitted to their desired doctoral program at NPU.篇2南邮博士研究生招生英语水平考试IntroductionIn order to attract the best and brightest students to pursue their doctoral studies at Nanjing University of Posts andTelecommunications (NUPT), the university requires all applicants to take an English proficiency exam as part of the admissions process. The English proficiency exam is designed to assess the applicants' language skills and determine their ability to succeed in a rigorous academic program conducted in English.Exam FormatThe English proficiency exam for doctoral admissions at NUPT is a comprehensive test that covers all aspects of the English language. The exam is divided into four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section is designed to test a different aspect of the applicants' language skills.Listening SectionThe listening section of the exam consists of a series of audio recordings that the applicants must listen to and answer questions about. The recordings cover a variety of topics, including academic lectures, conversations, and interviews. The purpose of this section is to test the applicants' ability to understand spoken English and to extract key information from the recordings.Reading SectionThe reading section of the exam consists of a series of passages that the applicants must read and answer questions about. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including science, technology, social sciences, and humanities. The purpose of this section is to test the applicants' ability to comprehend written English and to analyze and synthesize information from the passages.Writing SectionThe writing section of the exam requires the applicants to write an essay on a given topic. The purpose of this section is to test the applicants' ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written English. The applicants are expected to present a well-structured argument, provide evidence to support their points, and use appropriate academic language and style.Speaking SectionThe speaking section of the exam consists of a series of speaking tasks that the applicants must complete. The tasks include describing a given picture, expressing opinions on a given topic, and engaging in a simulated conversation with the examiner. The purpose of this section is to test the applicants'ability to speak fluently and coherently in English, to express their ideas clearly, and to engage in effective communication.ScoringEach section of the English proficiency exam is scored separately, and the scores are combined to calculate the applicants' overall proficiency in English. The scoring is based on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher proficiency. The minimum score required for admission to NUPT's doctoral program is 70.ConclusionThe English proficiency exam for doctoral admissions at NUPT is designed to ensure that all applicants have the language skills necessary to succeed in a rigorous academic program conducted in English. By testing the applicants' listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills, the exam provides a comprehensive assessment of their proficiency in English. Applicants who score above the minimum requirement demonstrate that they have the language skills necessary to excel in NUPT's doctoral program.篇3Title: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Doctoral Admission English Proficiency TestIntroduction:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) is one of the top universities in China, known for its excellence in the fields of engineering, telecommunications, and information technology. As part of the admission process for doctoral programs, NUPT administers an English Proficiency Test to assess the language skills of prospective students. This test is designed to evaluate applicants' ability to communicate effectively in English, as well as their readiness to undertake advanced academic work in the language.Test Format:The English Proficiency Test for doctoral admission at NUPT consists of four main sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Each section is designed to assess different aspects of the candidates' English language proficiency.1. Listening: In this section, candidates listen to recordings of academic lectures, discussions, and conversations. They are required to answer multiple-choice questions based on the content of the recordings. This section evaluates candidates'ability to comprehend spoken English and follow complex academic discourse.2. Reading: The Reading section consists of passages on various academic topics, such as technology, science, and social issues. Candidates are required to read the passages and answer comprehension questions. This section assesses candidates' reading comprehension skills and their ability to understand and analyze written English text.3. Writing: In the Writing section, candidates are given prompts on academic topics and are asked to write essays or reports. They are evaluated based on their ability to formulate and express their ideas clearly, organize their writing effectively, and use appropriate language and vocabulary.4. Speaking: The Speaking section requires candidates to participate in simulated academic discussions, presentations, and interviews. They are assessed on their ability to engage in meaningful and coherent spoken communication, present their ideas persuasively, and respond effectively to questions.Preparation:Prospective doctoral students who are planning to take the English Proficiency Test at NUPT should prepare thoroughly inorder to achieve a high score. Some tips for effective preparation include:1. Practice listening to a variety of English accents and academic lectures to improve listening skills.2. Read academic articles, research papers, and other scholarly texts to enhance reading comprehension.3. Practice writing essays, reports, and research papers on different topics to improve writing skills.4. Engage in conversations, debates, and discussions in English to improve speaking skills.Conclusion:The English Proficiency Test for doctoral admission at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications is a crucial part of the application process for prospective students. By preparing diligently and demonstrating proficiency in English language skills, candidates can increase their chances of gaining admission to NUPT's prestigious doctoral programs. Good luck to all applicants!。

2024年全国博士英语考试大纲In 2024, the National English Doctoral Examination in China will continue to assess candidates' proficiency in English language skills, academic writing, critical thinking, and research abilities. The exam aims to evaluate candidates' readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields and their potential to contribute to academic research and scholarship.The exam consists of four sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and speaking. Each section is designed to test different aspects of the candidates' English language abilities. The listening comprehension section assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings and answer questions based on the content of the recordings.The reading comprehension section evaluates candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will read a variety of academic articles, essays, and reports, and answer questions that test their comprehension, interpretation, and critical thinking skills. This section also assesses candidates' ability to synthesize information from multiple sources and form coherent arguments.The writing section requires candidates to demonstrate their academic writing skills by completing a series of tasks, such as writing essays, research proposals, and literature reviews. Candidates are expected to present well-structured arguments, support their claims with evidence and examples, and demonstrate a strong command of academic English vocabulary and grammar.The speaking section assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in English. Candidates will participate in a series of speaking tasks, such as giving presentations, participating in group discussions, and responding to interview questions. This section evaluates candidates' fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and ability to express ideas clearly and coherently.Overall, the National English Doctoral Examination in 2024 aims to evaluate candidates' English language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills, familiarizing themselves with academic English texts, and honing their analytical and research abilities. Success in the exam will not only demonstrate candidates' academic potential but also pave the way for their future academic and professional success in English-related fields.。

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型
2024年博士研究生学位英语考试题型主要分为以下几类：
1. 听力理解：这部分测试考生的英语听力能力，主要包括对话、短文及问题。

考生需要根据所听内容选择正确答案。

2. 词汇与语法：这部分测试考生的英语词汇和语法知识，主要包括填空、选择题等形式。

3. 阅读理解：这部分测试考生的英语阅读能力，主要包括阅读短文及问题。

考生需要根据短文内容选择正确答案。

4. 完形填空：这部分测试考生的语境理解和词汇运用能力，考生需要根据短文内容及语境，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。

5. 写作：这部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力，主要包括命题作文、图表作文等。

考生需要根据题目要求撰写文章或完成图表作文。

6. 翻译：这部分测试考生的英汉互译能力，主要包括英译汉和汉译英两种形式。

考生需要准确翻译所给短文或句子。

需要注意的是，不同地区和高校的博士研究生学位英语考试题型可能略有差异，具体题型以实际考试大纲为准。

建议考生参考历年真题和考试大纲进行复习备考。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题摘抄博士研究生入学考试英语试题摘抄一、本次考试由七个部分组成，分别为：I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes; 15 points )II. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes; 25 points )III. Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 minutes; 10 points )IV. Short Answer Questions ( 15 minutes; 10 points )V. Error Correction ( 10 minutes; 10 points )VI. Translation from Chinese into English ( 35 minutes; 15 points )VII. Composition ( 35 minutes; 15 points )二、本考题满分为100分,全部考试时间为180分钟。

三、听力部分、阅读理解部分、词汇与结构部分为选择题，请将所选答案标明题号，涂在答题卡上。

改错、简答题、翻译和写作答案写在答题纸上，所有答案写在草稿纸上或试题册上无效。

I. Listening Comprehension ( 20 minutes, 15 points )Section ADirections: In this section, you’ll hear 10 short conversations. At the end of the conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A ) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled.B ) The lecture wasn’t as successful as expected.C ) The woman doesn’t want to attend the lecture.D ) The woman may attend next Monday’s lecture.2. A ) The woman has a very tight budget.B ) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.C ) He’s willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.D ) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending.3. A ) Clean the kitchen.B ) Ask someone to fix the sink.C ) Find a bigger apartment for the lady.D ) Check the work done by the maintenance man.4. A ) The lens. B ) The price. C ) The flash. D ) The leather case.5. A ) She needs another haircut soon.B ) She thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s.C ) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut.D ) She would like to make an appointment for the man.6. A ) The woman doesn’t want to cook a meal.B ) The woman wants to have a picnic.C ) The woman has a poor memory.D ) The woman likes Mexican food.7. A ) Everyone enjoyed himself at John’s parties.B ) The woman didn’t enjoy John’s parties at all.C ) It will be the first time for the man to attend John’s party.D ) The woman is gla d to be invited to John’s house-warming party.8. A ) She lacks confidence in herself.B ) She is not interested in computer programming.C ) She has never signed up for any competition before.D ) She is sure to win the programming contest.9. A ) The man has an enormous amount of work to do.B ) The man has made plans for his vacation.C ) The man’ll take work with him on his vacation.D ) Work stacked up during the man’s last vacation.10. A ) She likes the job of feeding fish.B ) She finds her new job interesting.C ) She feels unfit for her new job.D ) She’s not in good health.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end ofeach passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A ) Rally support for their movement.B ) Liberate women from tedious housework.C ) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities.D ) Express their anger against sex discrimination.12. A ) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people.B ) It is a popular form of art.C ) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings.D ) It is popular among rock stars.13. A ) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence.B ) To show that Londoners have a special liking for graffiti.。

2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Are you ready for the 2024 Ph.D. entrance exam? Here's a sneak peek at the English exam outline:1. Reading Comprehension:You'll read passages on various topics, like science, history, and literature. Then, answer questions to test your understanding.2. Vocabulary:Brush up on your word skills! You'll be asked to define words, match them to their meanings, and use them in sentences.3. Grammar:Watch out for those tricky grammar rules! Be prepared to identify errors in sentences and fix them.4. Writing:Show off your writing skills by composing essays on given topics. Remember to organize your ideas, use proper grammar, and support your arguments with examples.5. Listening:Listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, or interviews. Then, answer questions to show how well you understood the spoken English.6. Speaking:Finally, the speaking section! You'll have to talk about a given topic for a certain amount of time. Practice speaking clearly and confidently.Remember to study hard, stay focused, and do your best on the exam. Good luck, future Ph.D. students! You got this!篇2Title: Entrance Exam Outline for 2024 Doctoral StudentsHey guys! Are you ready to ace the entrance exam for your Ph.D. program in 2024? I'm here to give you all the deets on what to expect so you can totally crush it!1. Reading Comprehension: You'll be asked to read a few passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to read carefully and go back to the text to find the answers.2. Vocabulary: Get ready to show off your word knowledge! You'll need to know the meanings of some tricky words and how to use them in sentences.3. Grammar: Brush up on your grammar rules because you'll be tested on things like verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation.4. Writing: You might have to write an essay or a short response to a prompt. Make sure to organize your thoughts and use clear, concise language.5. Listening: There will be some listening exercises where you'll have to answer questions about what you hear. Pay attention and take notes if it helps!6. Speaking: You might have to do a speaking task like describing a picture or answering questions about yourself. Speak clearly and confidently!Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to prepare ahead of time. Study your English skills, practice with samplequestions, and get plenty of rest before the big day. Good luck, future doctors! You've got this!篇3Hello everyone, I am little Timmy, and today I am going to tell you all about the entrance exam for the 2024 Doctoral Program in English. Are you ready? Let's get started!First of all, there will be a listening section where you have to listen to a short audio clip and answer questions about it. It could be a conversation between two people or a story. Make sure to pay attention and take notes if you need to.Next, there will be a reading comprehension section where you will read passages and answer questions to show your understanding. Make sure to read carefully and take your time. Don't rush!After that, there will be a writing section where you have to write an essay on a given topic. Make sure to organize your thoughts and write clearly. Don't forget to check for spelling and grammar mistakes!Lastly, there will be a speaking section where you will have to talk about a topic for a few minutes. Practice speaking English as much as you can before the exam so you feel confident.Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Study hard and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. You can do it!Good luck to all the little scholars taking the exam. You can do it!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the entrance exam for doctoral students in 2024. It's going to be super exciting, so buckle up and let's dive in!First off, the English exam is going to test your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You'll need to show that you can understand complex passages, write a cohesive essay, listen to lectures and discussions, and participate in conversations. It's important to prepare in advance by studying vocabulary, grammar, and practicing your English skills every day.In the reading section, you'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to show your comprehension. Make sure to read carefully and take your time to understand the main points of each passage. Practice reading academic articles, essays, and scientific papers to get used to the type of reading you'll encounter in the exam.Next, the writing section will require you to write an essay on a given topic. You'll need to organize your ideas cohesively, support your arguments with evidence, and demonstrate your critical thinking skills. Practice writing essays on different topics and ask for feedback from teachers or peers to improve your writing skills.For the listening section, you'll listen to lectures, discussions, and conversations and answer questions to demonstrate your listening comprehension. Pay close attention to the main ideas, key details, and relationships between speakers to answer the questions accurately. Practice listening to podcasts, TED talks, and academic lectures to improve your listening skills.Lastly, the speaking section will test your ability to communicate verbally in English. You'll be asked questions and engage in conversations with examiners to demonstrate your speaking skills. Practice speaking English regularly with nativespeakers or language partners to improve your pronunciation, fluency, and confidence in speaking.In conclusion, the 2024 doctoral entrance exam will be a challenging but rewarding opportunity to showcase your English skills and pursue your academic goals. Remember to study hard, practice consistently, and stay confident in your abilities. Good luck to all the aspiring doctoral students out there - you've got this!篇5Title: 2024 Ph.D. Graduate School Entrance Exam English Exam OutlineHey there, future doctoral students! Are you ready to rock the 2024 entrance exam for graduate school? We've got you covered with the English exam outline to help you prepare and succeed in the big test. Let's dive into it!1. Reading Comprehension:You will be tested on your ability to understand and analyze academic texts. You'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to demonstrate yourcomprehension skills. Make sure to read carefully and pay attention to details.2. Vocabulary and Grammar:You'll need to show off your knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar. Be prepared to identify synonyms, antonyms, and complete sentences with appropriate words. Brush up on your verb tenses, prepositions, and sentence structure to ace this section.3. Writing Skills:Get ready to put your writing skills to the test! You'll be asked to write essays or short responses on given prompts. Make sure to organize your thoughts coherently, use proper grammar and punctuation, and develop your ideas with clear examples. Practice writing before the exam to improve your skills.4. Listening Comprehension:Listening skills are crucial for academic success. You'll be required to listen to lectures or conversations and answer questions based on the information provided. Focus on understanding the main ideas, key details, and supporting arguments.5. Speaking Skills:The speaking section will assess your ability to communicate effectively in English. You may be asked to participate in conversations, present ideas, or give a speech. Practice speaking fluently, clearly, and confidently to showcase your communication skills.Remember, preparation is key to success! Study regularly, practice different types of questions, and seek help from teachers or tutors if needed. Stay confident, stay focused, and give it your best shot on exam day. Good luck, future scholars! You've got this!篇6Hello everyone! I'm super excited to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 doctoral entrance exam. Okay, let's dive in!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions to test your understanding of the text.- Questions may include identifying main ideas, making inferences, and analyzing the author's purpose.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Complete sentences with the correct words or phrases.- Identify grammatical errors and correct them.- Choose the best synonym or antonym for a given word.3. Writing- Write an essay on a given topic, expressing your opinions and supporting them with reasons and examples.- Summarize a passage in your own words.- Write a formal email or letter in response to a given situation.4. Listening Comprehension- Listen to conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear.- Fill in missing information in a dialogue.- Identify the main idea or purpose of a recording.5. Speaking- Participate in a conversation with the examiner, discussing a given topic.- Give a short presentation on a specific topic, using visuals if necessary.- Answer questions on the spot, demonstrating your ability to think quickly and articulate your thoughts clearly.Don't forget to review your English grammar and vocabulary regularly, practice reading and listening to English materials, and work on your writing and speaking skills. Good luck with your exam preparation, and remember to have fun while learning English!篇7Hey guys, guess what? I have some super cool news for you!I just found out about the English exam outline for the 2024 Ph.D. graduate school entrance exam! Isn't that awesome?So, in the exam, we're gonna have to show off our English skills in a bunch of different ways. We'll have to do things like reading comprehension, writing essays, and answering grammar questions. But don't worry, I know we can totally rock this exam!First up, there's gonna be a reading comprehension section where we read some passages and answer questions about them.We gotta make sure we understand what we're reading and can find the main ideas and details.Next, we'll have to write some essays on different topics. We gotta make sure our writing is clear, organized, and has good grammar and vocabulary. I know we're all super smart, so we can totally nail this part!And finally, there's gonna be some grammar questions to test our knowledge of English grammar rules. We gotta know things like verb tenses, prepositions, and punctuation. But I know we've all been studying hard, so we'll totally crush this part too!Overall, the exam is gonna test our English skills in a bunch of different ways. But I know we've all been working super hard and we're gonna do amazing. Let's go show everyone how awesome we are at English! Woo hoo!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 Doctoral Entrance Exam. It's going to be super duper fun, so let's get started!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions about the main idea, details, and vocabulary.- Might have multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and short-answer questions.- Practice reading different types of texts like articles, stories, and reports.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase.- Identify the parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.).- Correct the grammar mistakes in sentences.- Learn new words and practice using them in sentences.3. Writing- Write a short essay on a given topic.- Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- Use linking words to connect your ideas.- Check your spelling, punctuation, and grammar.4. Speaking- Talk about a topic for a few minutes without stopping.- Answer questions about yourself and your opinions.- Practice speaking clearly and confidently.- Listen to recordings and practice repeating after them.5. Listening- Listen to a recording and answer questions about the content.- Pay attention to the main idea, details, and speaker's tone.- Practice listening to different accents and speeds.- Take notes while listening to help you remember key points.Remember to practice a little bit every day to prepare for the exam. Good luck, future scholars! You can do it!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna share the big news about the entrance exam for the doctoral program in 2024. Are youexcited? Well, let me break it down for you in a simple and fun way!First of all, the exam will have three main parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening section, you'll have to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. So make sure to practice your listening skills by watching English movies and TV shows!Next up is the reading section, where you'll have to read passages and answer questions. Remember to pay attention to details and take your time to understand the text. You can also practice by reading English books and articles.Last but not least is the writing section. You'll have to write essays on various topics, so make sure to practice your writing skills by writing every day. Remember to use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary to impress the examiners!In addition to these three main sections, there will also be a speaking test where you'll have to have a conversation with the examiners. So practice speaking English with your friends or even in front of a mirror to boost your confidence!Overall, the key to doing well in the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Don't worry if you make mistakes, just keeplearning and improving. With hard work and dedication, I'm sure you'll do great in the 2024 entrance exam for the doctoral program. Good luck everyone, you got this!篇10Dear students,Welcome to the 2024 PhD entrance examination! We're so excited to have you all here to take part in this big test. We know it can be a little nerve-wracking, but don't worry, we believe in you!First off, let's talk about what's going to be on the exam. You can expect to see questions on a variety of topics, including your field of study, general knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The exam will be divided into multiple sections, each testing different aspects of your abilities.In the first section, you'll be asked to demonstrate your knowledge of your field of study. This might include questions about key concepts, major figures in the field, and recent developments. Make sure to review your notes and textbooks before the exam to refresh your memory!The second section will test your general knowledge. You might be asked questions about current events, popular culture, or historical events. Stay up to date on the news and try to read widely to prepare for this section.The third section will focus on critical thinking. You'll be presented with scenarios or arguments and asked to analyze them, identify flaws, and make logical conclusions. Practice thinking critically about the world around you to do well on this part of the exam.Finally, the fourth section will test your problem-solving skills. You might be given a complex problem and asked to come up with a solution, or asked to explain your thought process for solving a puzzle. Practice thinking creatively and approaching problems from different angles to excel on this section.Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm and do your best. Good luck, and we look forward to seeing all the amazing things you will accomplish in your future academic career!Sincerely,The Examination Committee。

福州大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考查目标本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不指定任何参考书）。

具体要求如下：1. 词汇要求考生掌握约5000个英语词汇和约500个常用词组。

此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

2．语法要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。

3．阅读要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。

要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。

4．语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。

5．翻译（1）英译汉要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。

（2）汉译英要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。

要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。

6．写作要求考生能根据命题或图表等在30分钟内写出一篇200字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出200字以上的英文摘要。

写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。

所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。

二、题型、题量、分值本考试所制定的试卷为笔试，卷面分为试卷一和试卷二，共有五个部分，包括词汇与语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

考博英语怎么准备引言：考博英语是博士研究生入学考试的一项重要科目，对于考生来说，合理高效的备考方法和策略至关重要。

本文将从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面，为考生详细介绍考博英语的备考方法和技巧。

一、听力：考博英语听力考试主要测试考生对英语听力材料的理解和应用能力。

为了在考试中取得好成绩，考生需要做到以下几点：1. 提前熟悉考试形式：了解考试的题型和要求，熟悉考试的时间安排和考试内容，有针对性地进行听力训练。

2. 多听多练：通过多听一些英语新闻、讲座、对话等各种材料，提升自己的听力水平。

同时，做大量的听力练习题，掌握各种常见的听力题型。

3. 做笔记：在听力材料播放时，考生可以运用快速记笔记的技巧，抓住重点信息。

这样不仅可以帮助记忆，还可以提高对听力内容的理解。

二、阅读：考博英语阅读考试主要考察考生的阅读理解和分析能力。

以下是备考阅读的几个建议：1. 提高阅读速度：考生应该积极提高阅读速度，在有限的时间内阅读更多的材料。

可以通过每天阅读英文文章或通过练习题进行提升。

2. 增加词汇量：扩大词汇量，可以帮助考生更好地理解阅读材料。

在备考过程中，考生可以利用各类单词记忆软件和阅读材料进行词汇积累。

3. 分析文章结构：学会分析文章的结构，包括主旨句和关键句，从而更好地理解文章的内容和逻辑关系。

三、写作：考博英语写作考试要求考生用英语完成一篇议论文或一篇综合写作。

以下是备考写作的几个技巧：1. 多练习写作：通过写作练习可以提高自己的写作能力和表达能力。

考生可以选择一些热门话题，进行写作练习，并请教英语专业背景的人士对自己的作文给予修改和建议。

2. 学会论证：写作作为一种表达观点的方式，考生需要学会进行合理的论证。

可以通过阅读大量的英文文章，了解不同观点和论证方法。

3. 提升语言表达能力：注意语法和词汇的正确使用，尽量丰富自己的表达方式。

可以通过背诵一些优秀的英文范文来提升自己的写作水平。

四、翻译：考博英语翻译考试要求考生在规定的时间内将一篇英文文章翻译成中文或将一篇中文文章翻译成英文。

西南交大博士招生评分标准表西南交大博士招生评分标准表作为国内著名的高等教育机构之一，西南交通大学在博士招生方面一直拥有广泛而深入的影响力。

为了能够选拔到国内外高水平的优秀学子，西南交大对博士招生申请人的相关评分标准进行了深入研究和制订。

下面是西南交大博士招生评分标准表。

一、学术水平和科研能力（70分）1. 学术背景和成果：评分20分。

主要考察申请人的学习和科研背景以及其在学术界中的学术表现，包括相关的学术论文、科研成果以及获奖情况等。

2. 学术能力和创新潜力：评分20分。

主要考察申请人的专业能力和创新潜力，在这方面的评分重点包括科研方向的选择与规划、研究方法的合理性与创新性、团队协作能力以及创新能力等。

3. 学术导师推荐信：评分30分。

申请人的导师推荐信一般需要至少两封才能够获得有效的评价，这一评分项主要考察申请人在导师心目中的学术能力和潜力，以及其适应博士教育与科研工作的能力。

二、综合素质（15分）综合素质评价方面，主要考察申请人的人文素质、创新能力、领导力、综合素养等方面的表现。

评分主要由调查问卷、申请人自荐信和口语面试三个方面共同确定，其中调查问卷和口语面试的影响比重较大，自荐信的评分需要在其他两项的基础上进行综合考虑。

三个评分项对应的分值分别为5分、5分和5分。

三、外语水平（15分）考核申请人的外语水平，主要有以下几个方面：1.外语考试成绩：该项评分占外语水平总分的70%，其中托福/雅思/剑桥英语三项考试结果得分最高的一项成绩用于统计。

2.申请人学术论文英文（含摘要）质量：该项评分占外语水平总分的30%，主要围绕学术英文写作水平、表达方式和论文质量等方面进行考核。

最终，西南交大博士招生评分标准表将这些因素综合计算，得出每个申请人的最终得分。

在评分过程中，西南交大除了重点考察申请人的学术背景和能力外，也非常注重综合素质的评价和外语水平的考核，这也是该校博士生的全面素养培养的体现。

博士统考英语流程Preparing for the English section of the graduate entrance examination can be a daunting task for many doctoral candidates. The process can be especially challenging for those who have not had extensive exposure to the language in an academic setting.参加博士研究生入学考试英语部分的准备对许多博士考生来说可能是一项艰巨的任务。

对于那些在学术环境中没有接受过大量语言教育的人来说，这个过程可能会特别具有挑战性。

One of the first steps in preparing for the English section of the exam is to assess one's current level of proficiency in the language. This can be done through practice tests, self-assessment, or even working with a tutor or language exchange partner.准备考试英语部分的第一步是评估自己目前的语言熟练程度。

可以通过练习考试、自我评估，甚至与导师或语言交流伙伴合作来完成这一步。

Once a candidate has a clear understanding of their current level, they can begin to focus on areas of weakness and develop a studyplan that targets those specific areas. For some, this may mean dedicating more time to vocabulary building, while for others, it could involve improving reading comprehension or writing skills.一旦求职者清楚自己目前的水平，就可以开始集中精力解决自己的薄弱环节，并制定一个专门针对这些特定领域的学习计划。