1-Special relativity arising from a misunderstanding of experimental results

时间是什么英语作文英文回答：Time is a fundamental concept that has intrigued philosophers, scientists, and artists alike throughout history. It is an elusive phenomenon that permeates all aspects of existence, yet its true nature remains shrouded in mystery.In physics, time is defined as the fourth dimension, alongside the spatial dimensions of length, width, and height. It is often represented as a linear continuum, with the past extending infinitely in one direction and the future in the other. However, this linear conception of time is challenged by theories such as relativity, which suggest that time and space are intertwined and can be warped by gravitational forces.In philosophy, time has been a subject of intense debate. Some philosophers argue that time is an objectivereality, independent of human experience. Others maintain that it is a subjective construct, arising from our perception of the passage of events. The nature of time itself has also been questioned, with some philosophers positing that it is a real entity, while others view it as merely an illusion.Art and literature have also explored the enigmatic nature of time. From the temporal distortions of Salvador Dalí's paintings to the stream-of-consciousness narratives of James Joyce, artists have sought to capture the subjective experience of time, often blurring the boundaries between past, present, and future.The concept of time has profound implications for our understanding of the world and our place within it. It shapes our experiences, influences our decisions, and gives meaning to our lives. As we journey through time, we accumulate memories, learn from our mistakes, andanticipate future possibilities. Time is both a source of awe and anxiety, a constant reminder of our mortality and the relentless march of progress.中文回答：时间是一个基本概念，它贯穿历史，吸引着哲学家、科学家和艺术家。

全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：插上科学的翅膀飞时光穿梭机英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Time Travel with the Wings of ScienceEver since I was a young child, I've been fascinated by the concept of time travel. The idea of journeying through the fabric of the past and future has captivated my imagination for as longas I can remember. What wonders would we discover by unlocking the secrets of the space-time continuum? Whatlong-forgotten civilizations could we explore? What terrible future catastrophes might we prevent? The possibilities seem endless and exhilarating.Of course, time travel has long been confined to the realms of science fiction, from H.G. Wells' seminal novel The Time Machine to the beloved Back to the Future film trilogy. Authors, filmmakers, and dreamers have spun incredible tales transporting us across the centuries. However, could the wings of science one day make this fantasy a reality? Might our technological progress eventually allow us to slip the bonds of the present? I certainly hope so.The core scientific concepts underlying time travel arise from Einstein's theories of relativity. The great physicist fundamentally altered our understanding of space and time, demonstrating that they are inextricably interwoven into a single continuum known as space-time. In this four-dimensional reality, time is no longer constant or absolute, but can dilate based on factors like velocity and gravity.The effects of time dilation predicted by relativity may seem minor in our daily lives on Earth, but they become extreme undermore significant gravitational forces or as objects approach the speed of light. A thought experiment can help illustrate this. Imagine twin paradox scenario where one identical twin remains on Earth while the other embarks on an interstellar voyage moving at an appreciable fraction of light speed. From the perspective of the Earth-bound twin, their sibling will have aged much more slowly due to the effects of time dilation.This bizarre consequence of relativity implies that by moving through space at sufficiently high velocities or by harnessing immense gravitational forces, we could theoretically propel ourselves forward through the river of time relative to another observer. In essence, we would be time traveling into the future, though not in the controlled manner typically depicted in science fiction tales of leaping centuries with technology like a "time machine."Still, even this limited form of time travel into the future demonstrated by Einstein's theories is a profound revelation overturning our classical notions of time as a constant, universal flow marching lockstep across the cosmos. If we can leverage these relativistic effects through future technological marvels like hyper-fast spaceships or artificially generated black holes, could we then possibly learn to navigate the timestream at will?A more daring notion inspired by quantum physics is that backward time travel might also be achievable through exploiting exotic properties of the universe like wormholes –hypothetical tunnels through space-time. While hotly debated, some interpretations of quantum theory leave open the possibility that under the correct conditions it may be possible to create traversable wormholes capable of looping back on themselves in four-dimensional space-time.If feasible engineering solutions could be found to stabilize these wormholes against collapse and usher travelers through their quantum gateways, they could provide portals into the past or future. The energy requirements predicted by calculations are absolutely staggering, however, and may forever remain science fiction. Some theorists have proposed that future civilizations perhaps trillions of years from now could possibly harness energies on that cosmic scale by exploiting exotic physical phenomena. For now, such notions can only serve as mathematical daydreams.The most speculative concepts for achieving time travel arise from fringe theories exploring the fundamental building blocks of reality. Perhaps our current models represent just the first baby steps in a grander unified theory fully describingspace-time. If discovered, such a "Theory of Everything" could potentially reveal loopholes in our present comprehension, allowing scientists to manipulate the cosmic fabric in currently unimaginable ways.While purely hypothetical at this stage, fringe thinkers have proposed such radical possibilities as using cosmic strings or constructing Traversable Acausal Retrohandled Hyperfinite (TARH) pathways looping through space-time to bypass entropy restrictions and accomplish causality violations. Without empirical evidence, however, such fanciful ideas remain the stuff of science fiction writers rather than legitimate theory. They remind us how little we may actually understand about deep aspects of reality.Despite the uncertainties of cutting-edge theorizing, history shows that making leaps into the unknown can unleash tremendous progress. The foundations of modern physics itself were seeded by a handful of wild ideas that flew in the face of prevailing scientific dogmas. Perhaps by following the wings of our curiosity to map the unexplored territory of space-time, we might eventually gain mastery over it. If so, could a fantastic age of time tourism one day open篇2Soaring on the Wings of Science Through a Time MachineEver since I was a young child, I've been fascinated by the concept of time travel. The idea of journeying through the cosmic ocean of the fourth dimension, transcending the linear constraints of chronology, has sparked an insatiable sense of wonder and curiosity within me. Time machines have long been the stuff of science fiction – the iconic DeLorean from Back to the Future, the intricate machinery of H.G. Wells' Time Machine, or the sleek, metaphysical wormholes that theoretical physicists speculate could breach the fabric of space-time itself.However, as I've delved deeper into the realms of science, particularly physics, I've come to realize that the prospect of time travel may not be as far-fetched as it seems. In fact, it might well be an inevitable consequence of our universe's fundamental laws, waiting to be unlocked by the boundless potential of human ingenuity and the relentless march of scientific progress.The theoretical underpinnings of time travel find their roots in Albert Einstein's revolutionary theory of relativity. According to this paradigm-shifting framework, time is not an absolute, universal constant, but rather a malleable dimension inextricably intertwined with space, matter, and energy. The very fabric of space-time can be warped and distorted by the presence ofmassive gravitational fields, opening up tantalizing possibilities for traversing the temporal domain.One of the most intriguing concepts arising from Einstein's theories is that of the "closed timelike curve" – a hypothetical trajectory in space-time that loops back on itself, allowing an object or traveler to theoretically return to their own past. While the precise mechanics of such a phenomenon remain shrouded in mystery, it has captured the imaginations of physicists and science fiction enthusiasts alike.Another intriguing avenue for potential time travel lies in the realm of wormholes – hypothetical tunnels or shortcuts through the cosmic fabric that could, in theory, connect two distant regions of space-time. Traversing a wormhole could potentially enable a traveler to bypass the conventional flow of time, effectively traveling into the future or even the past, depending on the wormhole's properties.Of course, the realization of time travel is fraught with mind-bending paradoxes and logical conundrums that have perplexed philosophers and scientists for decades. The infamous "grandfather paradox," for instance, poses a seemingly insurmountable logical obstacle: if you were to travel back in time and inadvertently (or perhaps intentionally) prevent yourgrandparents from meeting, you would effectively erase your own existence from the timeline – a self-contradictory scenario that challenges our very notions of causality and free will.Despite these daunting challenges, the pursuit of time travel remains an irresistible lure for the human intellect, driving us to push the boundaries of our understanding and to unravel the deepest mysteries of the cosmos. After all, if we were to achieve even the slightest degree of temporal maneuverability, the implications would be nothing short of revolutionary.Imagine being able to witness pivotal moments in human history firsthand, to walk alongside luminaries like Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci, or Marie Curie, and to gain invaluable insights into the triumphs and tribulations that have shaped our collective journey. Or consider the tantalizing prospect of peering into the future, glimpsing the technological marvels and societal transformations that await us, and using that knowledge to steer humanity towards a brighter, more sustainable path.Of course, such power would also carry immense responsibility, as the potential for abuse or unintended consequences could be catastrophic. Any successful time travel endeavor would necessitate a profound ethical framework,rigorously developed and adhered to, to ensure that the delicate tapestry of causality is not irreparably disrupted.As a student of science, I find myself both awed and humbled by the audacious quest for time travel. It represents the pinnacle of human curiosity and intellectual daring, a bold venture into realms once deemed utterly fanciful and impossible. Yet, it is precisely this unquenchable thirst for knowledge, this relentless drive to push against the boundaries of the known, that has propelled humanity's greatest achievements throughout history.From the rudimentary tools of our prehistoric ancestors to the awe-inspiring marvels of modern technology, our species has consistently defied the limitations imposed by our finite comprehension, venturing forth into uncharted territories with a spirit of fearless exploration. The pursuit of time travel is simply the latest, and perhaps the most ambitious, chapter in this grand narrative of human discovery.As I stand on the precipice of adulthood, poised to embark on my own scientific journey, I cannot help but feel a profound sense of excitement and anticipation. The challenges that lie ahead are daunting, the obstacles seemingly insurmountable,but it is in the crucible of such adversity that true innovation is forged.Perhaps, one day, I will have the privilege of contributing, even in the smallest of ways, to the realization of this age-old dream – to soar on the wings of science, transcending the shackles of linear time, and unlocking the secrets of the cosmic tapestry that binds us all. For now, I can only marvel at the audacity of such an endeavor and embrace the endless possibilities that await us at the forefront of human knowledge.Time travel may yet remain a tantalizing fantasy, a thought experiment to be pondered and debated. But in theever-expanding realm of science, where the impossible is routinely transmuted into reality, one can never discount the power of human ingenuity and the boundless potential that lies waiting to be unveiled. As I gaze skyward, I see not merely the vast expanse of the cosmos, but a canvas upon which the most extraordinary dreams of humanity may one day be etched – a tapestry woven from the threads of curiosity, perseverance, and an unwavering commitment to pushing the frontiers of knowledge ever further.And who knows? Perhaps, in some distant future, or even some long-forgotten past, a traveler from another era willstumble upon these very words, a testament to the enduring spirit of human inquiry and our eternal quest to unravel the mysteries of time itself.篇3Soaring Through Time with the Wings of ScienceEver since I was a young child, my imagination has been captivated by the concept of time travel. The idea of journeying through the cosmic ocean of the past and future has kindled an insatiable curiosity within me. However, as I matured and delved deeper into the realms of science, I realized that this fantasy might not be as implausible as it seems. With the wings of scientific advancement, we may one day conquer the barriers of time itself.The notion of time travel has long been a subject of fascination for scientists, philosophers, and storytellers alike. From H.G. Wells' seminal novel "The Time Machine" to the mind-bending scientific theories of Albert Einstein, the concept has transcended mere fiction and entered the realm of theoretical possibility. Einstein's theory of relativity introduced the groundbreaking idea that time is not an absolute constant,but rather a malleable dimension intricately intertwined with space and matter.This revolutionary understanding paved the way for further exploration into the nature of time and its potential manipulability. Physicists have proposed various hypothetical mechanisms for time travel, including wormholes, cosmic strings, and even the exploitation of the quantum realm. While these concepts may seem outlandish, they are grounded in the fundamental principles of modern physics and have sparked intense scientific debate and investigation.One particularly intriguing avenue of research is the study of wormholes – hypothetical tunnels in the fabric of spacetime that could potentially connect distant regions of the universe or even different eras. Although the existence of traversable wormholes remains purely theoretical, some scientists have proposed methods to stabilize them using exotic matter or cosmic strings. The implications of such a discovery would be nothing short of revolutionary, allowing us to transcend the linear constraints of time and explore the vast tapestry of the cosmos.Another tantalizing possibility lies in the realm of quantum mechanics, where the strange and counterintuitive behavior of subatomic particles defies our classical understanding of reality.Some theories suggest that quantum entanglement, a phenomenon where particles become inextricably linked regardless of distance, could potentially facilitate a form of time travel through the manipulation of information. While the practical applications of such concepts are still the subject of intense speculation, they open up a fascinating realm of possibilities that challenge our fundamental assumptions about the nature of time.Beyond the realm of theoretical physics, technological advancements in fields such as nanotechnology, quantum computing, and advanced propulsion systems may also play a pivotal role in our quest to conquer time. As our understanding of the universe deepens and our capabilities expand, we inch closer to the possibility of engineering solutions that could one day make time travel a tangible reality.Of course, the implications of such a monumental achievement extend far beyond mere scientific curiosity. Time travel could revolutionize our understanding of history, allowing us to witness pivotal moments firsthand and unravel the mysteries of the past. It could also provide invaluable insights into the future, enabling us to anticipate and prepare for potential challenges or disasters before they occur. Furthermore,the ability to traverse time could have profound implications for fields such as medicine, archaeology, and even space exploration, opening up new avenues of discovery and understanding.Yet, as we contemplate the exhilarating prospects of time travel, we must also confront the ethical and philosophical quandaries that accompany such a transformative technology. The potential for abuse or unintended consequences is not to be taken lightly. Would altering the past irrevocably alter the present? Could knowledge of the futureundermine the very fabric of human agency and free will? These are but a few of the complex questions that must be grappled with as we inch closer to this incredible feat.Despite these challenges, the allure of time travel remains undeniable. It represents the pinnacle of human curiosity and ambition, a testament to our relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding. As a student of science, I am both awed and humbled by the prospect of one day soaring through the vast expanse of time, carried aloft by the wings of our collective scientific endeavors.While the path ahead is shrouded in uncertainty, one thing remains clear: the quest to unlock the secrets of time travel is a testament to the boundless potential of the human mind and ourunwavering determination to push the boundaries of what is possible. With each new discovery, with each theoretical breakthrough, we inch closer to realizing this age-old dream, and I am honored to be a part of this incredible journey.As I stand on the precipice of a future where the constraints of time may be transcended, I am filled with a profound sense of awe and anticipation. The wings of science have carried us this far, and I have no doubt that they will continue to propel us towards even greater heights of understanding and exploration. Time travel may once have been the stuff of dreams and fanciful tales, but today, it stands as a tantalizing reality, beckoning us to take flight and soar through the vast expanse of the cosmic tapestry.。

speciation in geographically答案【1】Evolutionary biologists believe that speciation,th e formation of a new species,often begins when some kind of physical barrier arises and divides a population of a sing le species into separate subpopulations.Physical separation between subpopulations promotes the formation of new speci es because once the members of one subpopulation can no lon ger mate with members of another subpopulation,they cannot exchange variant genes that arise in one of the subpopulati ons.In the absences of gene flow between the subpopulations, genetic differences between the groups begin to accumulate. Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinc t that they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them were removed.At this point the subpopulations have evolved into distinct species.This route to speciatio n is known as allopatry(“alio-”means“different”，and“p atria”means“homeland”).【2】Allopatric speciation may be the main speciation r oute.This should not be surprising,since allopatry is prett y common.In general,the subpopulations of most species are separated from each other by some measurable distance.So ev en under normal situations the gene flow among the subpopulations is more of an intermittent trickle than a steady str eam.In addition,barriers can rapidly arise and shut off the trickle.For example,in the 1800s a monstrous earthquake ch anged the course of the Mississippi River,a large river flo wing in the central part of the United States of America.Th e change separated populations of insects now living along opposite shore,completely cutting off gene flow between the m.【3】Geographic isolation also can proceed slowly,over great spans of time.We find evidence of such extended event s in the fossil record,which affords glimpses into the brea kup of formerly continuous environments.For example,during past ice ages,glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another.When the glacier retreated,the separated popula tions of plants and animals came into contact again.Some gr oups that had descended from the same parent population wer e no longer reproductively compatible—they had evolved int o separate species.In other groups,however,genetic divergen ces had not proceeded so far,and the descendants could stil l interbreed—for them,reproductive isolation was not compl eted,and so speciation had not occurred.【4】Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the i mperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic pl ates that make up Earth’s surface.About 5 million years ag o such geologic movements created the land bridge between N orth America and South America that we call the Isthmus of Panama.The formation of the isthmus had important consequen ces for global patterns of ocean water flow.While previousl y the gap between the continents had allowed a free flow of water,now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean.This division set th e stage for allopatric speciation among populations of fish es and other marine species.【5】In the 1980s,John Graves studied two populations o f closely related fishes,one population from the Atlantic s ide of isthmus,the other from the Pacific side.He compared four enzymes found in the muscles of each population.Graves found that all four Pacific enzymes function better at low er temperatures than the four Atlantic versions of the same enzymes.This is significant because Pacific seawater is ty pically 2 to 3 degrees cooler than seawater on the Atlantic side of isthmus.Analysis by gel electrophoresis revealed s light differences in amino acid sequence of the enzymes oftwo of the four pairs.This is significant because the amino acid sequence of an enzyme is determined by genes.【6】Graves drew two conclusions from these observation s.First,at least some of the observed differences between t he enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations wer e not random but were the result of evolutionary adaption.S econd,it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically d iverge from each other.Because Graves’s study of geographi cally isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimp se of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive,divergences here mi ght be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.托福阅读试题1.The word"promotes"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.describes.B.encourages.C.delays.D.requires.2.According to paragraph 1,allopatric speciation involv es which of the following?A.The division of a population into subspecies.B.The reuniting of separated populations after they hav e become distinct species.C.The movement of a population to a new homeland.D.The absence of gene flow between subpopulations.3.Why does the author provide the information that"the subpopulations of most species are separated from each othe r by some measurable distance"?A.To indicate how scientists are able to determine whet her subpopulations of a species are allopatric.B.To define what it means for a group of animals or pla nts to be a subpopulation.C.To suggest that allopatric speciation is not the only route to subpopulation.D.To help explain why allopatric speciation is a common way for new species to come about.4.The word"accumulate"in the passage is closest in mean ing toA.Become more significant.B.Occur randomly.C.Gradually increase in number.D.Cause changes.5.In paragraph 2,why does the author mention that some insect populations were separated from each other by a chan ge in the course of Mississippi River caused by an earthqua ke?A.To make the point that some kind of physical barrier separates the subpopulations of most species.B.To support the claim that the condition of allopatry can sometimes arise in a short time.C.To provide an example of a situation in which gene fl ow among the subpopulations of a species happens at a slow rate.D.To explain why insects living along opposite shores of the Mississippi River are very different from each other.6.According to paragraph 3，separation of subpopulation s by glaciers resulted in speciation in those groups of pla nts and animals thatA.were reproductively isolated even after the glaciers disappeared.B.had adjusted to the old conditions caused by the glac iers.C.were able to survive being separated from their paren t population.D.had experienced some genetic divergences from their p arent population.7.The word"colossal"in the passage is closet in meaning toA.consistent.B.gradual.C.enormous.D.effective.8.According to paragraph 4,which of the following is tr ue of the geologic movements that brought about the Isthmus of Panama?A.The movements brought populations of certain fishes a nd marine organisms into contact with one another for the f irst time.B.The movements transferred populations of fishes and o ther marine animals between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean s.C.The movements created conditions that allowed water t o flow more freely between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.D.The movements created conditions for the formation of new species of fishes and other marine animals.9.The word"sequence"in the passage is closet in meaning toA.quality.B.order.C.function.D.number.10.According to paragraph 5,by comparing the enzymes fr om two related groups of fishes on opposite sides of the is thmus,Graves found evidence thatA.there were slight genetic divergences between the two groups.B.the Atlantic group of fishes were descended from the Pacific group of fishes.C.the temperature of water on either side of the isthmu s had changed.D.genetic changes in the Atlantic group of fishes were more rapid and frequent than in the Pacific group of fishe s.11.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 and 6 that the r eason Graves concluded that some of the differences between the Pacific and Atlantic enzymes were not random was thatA.each of the Pacific enzymes works better in cooler wa ters.B.the Enzymes of the Atlantic fish populations had not changed since the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.C.gel electrophoresis showed that the changes benefited both the Atlantic and the Pacific fish populations.D.the differences between the enzymes disappeared when the two fish populations were experimentally switched to ot her side of the isthmus.12.Which of the sentence below best expresses the essen tial information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or l eave out essential information.A.Graves's study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.B.Graves's study of mutating isthmus fishes yields resu lts that differ from results of other studies involving all opatric speciation.C.Graves's study of isolated populations of isthmus fis hes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginningD.Grave's study indicates that when isolated,population s of isthmus fished register neutral or adaptive mutations.13.Look at the four squares[]that indicate where the fo llowing sentence can be added to the passage.Where would th e sentence best fit?The formation of the isthmus had import ant consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow.【A】About 5 million years ago such geologic movements created the land bridge between North America and South Ame rica that we call the Isthmus of Panama.The formation of th e isthmus had important consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow.【B】While previously the gap between the continents ha d allowed a free flow of water,now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Oc ean.【C】This division set the stage for allopatric speciat ion among populations of fishes and other marine species.【D】Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the i mperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic pl ates that make up Earth's surface.14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summ ary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not pre sented in the passages or are minor ideas in the passage.Th is question is worth 2 points.Allopatric speciation takes place when physically separ ated populations of a single species gradually diverge gene tically to the point of becoming unable to interbreedA.Allopatric speciation is common because the gene flow between subpopulations is generally limited and the barrie rs that completely separate subpopulations can arise in a v ariety of ways.B.During past ice ages,some,but not all,subpopulations separated by glaciers evolved into distinct species.C.Speciation does not need to take place through allopa try because subpopulations will form distinct species whene ver there are adaptive advantages or notD.Physical barriers from glaciers and the movement of t ectonic plates form so slowly that the subpopulations on ei ther side of the barriers usually do not form distinct spec ies.E.Graves's study of fish populations separated by the I sthmus of Panama may well provide a picture of the beginning stages of speciation.F.Graves's study of physically separated fish populatio ns show that there must be large differences between the en vironments of the isolated populations if allopatric specia tion is to take place.托福阅读答案1.promote本身是促进的意思。

医学英语期末试题一、单选题1. Any organism so small that it can only be seen with a microscope is a _____C_____.A. miniorganismB. macrogrganismC. microorganismD. microcell2. A disease that has a sudden and severe onset is described as ______C________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious3. A disease that has long duration and slow progressing is described as ______A________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious4. Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue is termed as ____B______.A.anemiaB.neoplasia 瘤形成C.parasitism 寄生病D.toxicity5. Heat, pain, redness, and swelling are the characteristic signs of _____C______.A.immunityB.feverC.inflammationD.healing6. Scientific name for windpipe is _____A_______.A.trachearynx 喉C.pharynx 咽D.bronchi7. Scientific name for throat（咽喉）is _____C_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi8. Scientific name for voice box is _____B_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi9. Difficulty in breathing is called _____D_______.A.aphasia 失语症B.apnea 窒息C.dysphonia 发声困难D.dyspnea 呼吸困难10. Difficulty in swallowing is called _____A_______.A.dysphagia 吞咽困难B.dysplasia 发育不良C.dysphoniaD.dyspnea11. A word element from which other words are formed is called _____C_______.A.prefixB.suffixC.rootbining vowel12. A word part at the beginning of a word is a (n)____D______.A.originbining formC.previewD.prefix13. A word part at the end of a word is a(n)_____C_____.A.vowelbining formC.suffixD.insertion14. The opposite of hypertension is ____C______.A.hypoglucemiaB.hyperglucemiaC.hypotensionD.hyperglycemic15. The prefix in the words prefix and pretest means _____A______.A.beforeB.finalC.fixedD.superior16. The gh in the terms cough and radiograph is pronounced as ______C_______.A.gB.hC.fD.t17. The pn in the term pneumonia is pronounced as _____D________.A.pB.hC.fD.n18. The suffixes-ia, -sis, and -ism all refer to _____A_______.A.condition ofB.disease ofC.problem ofD.specialty of19. The plural of serum is _____B_______.A.serumsB.seraC.seriaD.serina20. The singular of thrombi is _____B_______.A.thrombB.thrombusC.thrombsD.thrombis21. The suffixes -sis, -ian,and -ics are found in ____D____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns22. The suffixes-ic, -ous, and -al are found in ____B____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns23. CT stands for computerized tomography. This term represents a (n) ____B______.bining formB.acronym 首字母缩略词C.synonym 同义词D.clipping24. A dentist is a physician who specializes in study of ___A___.A.teethB.skeletonC.skinD.stomach25. Which branch of medicine is concerned with diseases of the kidneys? _____C_____A.psychologyB.pulmonologyC.nephrologyD.neurology26. A term for inflammation of the lungs is ______B______.A.bronchitisB.pneumoniaC.pleurisy 胸膜炎ryngitis27. An endotracheal tube is placed ______A________.A.within the tracheaB.beyond the tracheaC.under the tracheaD.over the trachea28. A gastroenterologist is a physician who specializes in study of _________B__________.A.mouth and teethB.stomach, intestines, and related structuresC.musculoskeletal systemD.respiratory system29. A general term for inflammation of a joint is ______A________.A.arthritisB.conjunctivitis 结膜炎C.epididymitis 附睾炎D.myocarditis30. Chondrosarcoma is a tumor that originates in _____D_______.A.boneB.muscleC.tissueD.cartilage31. A tonsillectomy is _____C_______.A.removal of a jointB.removal of a tumorC.removal of a tonsil 扁桃体D.removal of a cavity32. The neuromuscular junction is between a muscle and a _____B_______.A.glandB.neuronC.boneD.gonad33. Polymyositis is inflammation of many _____C_______.ansB.glandsC.musclesD.bones34. The term for a condition or disease of unknown etiology（病原学）is _____D_______.A.hypertrophic 肥厚的B.chronicC.acuteD.idiopathic35. Death of tissue is called ______A______.A.necrosis 坏死B.inflammationC.infectionD.spasm 痉挛36. The cervical region is the region of the ____D______.A.brainB.legC.HeartD.neck37. Difficulty in digesting is called ______C______.A.apepsia 不消化B.eupepsia 消化良好C.dyspepsiaD.dysphonia38. The quadriceps muscle group（四头肌）is made up of _____B_______.A.smooth and cardiac muscle fibersB.four muscles in the thighC.three muscles in the legD.fascia筋膜and tendon sheaths腱鞘39. The control center of the cell is the ____D____.A.membraneB.lysosome 溶酶体C.ribosome 核糖体D.nucleus40. A simple device for listening to sounds within the body is a ____B____.A.cystoscope 膀胱镜B.stethoscope 听诊器C.barometer 气压计D.speculum 窥器41. Removal of tissue for microscopic study is a(n) ____A____.A.biopsyB.aeration 通气C.endoscopyD.CT scan42. Hepatosplenomegaly means ____D____.A.removal of the liver and spleenB.prolapse下垂of the liver and spleenC.hemorrhage of the liver and spleenD.enlargement of the liver and spleen43. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and ____C____.A.lungsB.digestive organsC.blood vesselsD.endocrine system44. Erythrocyte is the scientific name for a ____B____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell45. Leukocyte is the scientific name for a___A____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell46. A deficiency of hemoglobin results in the disorder called____C____.A.hypertensionB.chromatosis 色素沉着C.anemiaD.hemophilia 血友病47. A neoplastic overgrowth of white blood cells is called ____A____.A.leukemiaB.anemiaC.fibrosisD.cystitis 膀胱炎48. The gas that is supplied to tissues by the respiratory system is ____C____.A.sulfur 硫磺B.neon 氖C.oxygenD.carbon dioxide49. The gas that is eliminated by the respiratory system is ____D____.A.sulfurB.NeonC.OxygenD.carbon dioxide50. The tubes that carry air from the trachea into the lungs are the ____D____.A.arteriesB.Nares 鼻孔C.VeinsD.bronchi二、完形填空Part II ClozeThe problem of caring for the weak and sick has existed from the earliest times. The Romans, in times of war, established infirmaries,51 were used to treat sick and injured soldiers. Later on, infirmaries were founded in the larger cities and were built out of public52 .In a way, the Roman influence was53the establishment of hospitals.54 Christianity grew, the care of the sick became the duty of the Church. The monasteries and convents provided most of the hospitals. The custom of making pilgrimages (朝圣) also helped advance the55 of hospitals. Those pilgrimages were often long, and the travelers had to stop overnight at small inns56 the road. These inns were called hospitalia, meaning a guest. The inns connected with the monasteries devoted themselves to caring for travelers who were ill or weary, and the name hospital became connected with caring for the57 .Since living conditions during the Middle Ages were not comfortable or hygienic, the hospitals were58 clean or orderly. In fact, many59 hospital would put two or more patients in the same bed.But it wasn't60 the eighteenth century that public hospitals became general in the larger towns of England. Soon, the idea of public hospitals began to spread and they appeared all over Europe.51. A. for whom B. in which C. which D. who52. A. funds B. affairs C. figures D. interests53. A. capable of B. respectful of C. accessible to D. responsible for54. A. With B. For C. If D. As55. A. tradition B.form C. Idea D. skill56. A. to B. from C. Across D. along57. A. afflicted B. affiliated C. addicted D.affirmed58. A. close to B. far from C. careful about D. considerate of59. A. a B. such C. other D. another60. A. in B. by C. up to D. until答案：51. C52.A53.D 54.D 55.C56.D 57.A 58.B 59. A 60.D三、阅读理解（一）The blue, mystic Lake Elsinore lies in an inland California valley which is teeming and steaming with hot springs. Rimmed by shaggy mountains whose forested crests are reflected in its clear waters, Lake Elsinoreis the very personification of peace—but on it rests the curse of Tondo.The lake has had a colorful history. Much of it lies buried in legend, and it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There have been stories of underground volcanoes on the lake bottom, erupting, killing fish and discoloring the water. There have been stories of a playful sea serpent that lived in its depths.Long noted for its scenic beauty and health-giving waters, the lake was a famous resort in the Nineties. But long before the first white man had set foot along the shore of the lake, this part of California had been the home of the Soboba Indians. Their chief was Tondo, a stern and unforgiving man.He had a daughter, Morning Star, who was in love with Palo, son of the chief of the Palas, a neighboring tribe. The Sobobas and Palas were sworn enemies. For a time the lovers met secretly. Then one day they were discovered by Tondo. His rage was terrible to behold. He forbade the lovers ever to meet again.Morning Star tried in every way to appease her father’s anger, to soften his heart toward Palo. But in time she saw that it was useless; that he would never give his consent to their marriage. Vowing that they would never be separated, the Indian maid and her lover walked hand in hand into the lake, as the dreary November sun cast long shadows on the land. They were followed by a group of orphan children whom Morning Star had befriended. All walked into the lake, singing the mournful death song of their people, while Tondo stood on the shore and cursed the lovers, cursed the blue water into which they all walked to their death.Ever since that day it would seem that a jinx has been laid over Lake Elsinore. Oldtimers tell of a great upheaval in the lake which caused water to spout into the air like a geyser and turn blood-red. Later, it became known that three hundred springs of boiling mud and water were born in the valley during that upheaval. The springs reeked with sulphur.For many years after this phenomenon the lake remained peaceful. Then boats were overturned for no apparent reason, and few of their occupants ever returned to tell the story. This continued for several years. At the same time, strong swimmers dived into the lake never to reappear.In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died.In the spring of 1850 came the Battle of the Gnats. They bred in the water of the lake and swarmed over the land. They invaded the countryside until the harassed inhabitants called for help.And in July 1951, the sky-blue waters of the lake vanished like mist before a noonday sun. When the bottom was laid bare there was no trace of a volcano, the bottomless pits, or the other disturbances of legend or fact.The copious winter rains of 1951—52 have replenished the lake. But what menace does its haunting beauty hold today? For tomorrow?The once mighty Sobobas are few now. But the old men swear that their ancestors still haunt the lake. They nod grizzled head and murmur that the Great Tondo’s curse will forever remain upon the lake. Only time, the wise and silent one, can tell.61.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore?A. It is considered by legend to be rich in golb.B. It was once famous as a beautiful resort.C. It is located in a volcanic crater in California.D. It used to be the center of a mining village.62.Probably Tondo’s rage was due the fact that .A. Morning Star was too young to marryB. Tondo’s tribe and Palas’s tribe were enemiesC. Palo mistreated his Soboba girl friendD. Palas vowed meet Morning Star in secret63.According to the old-timers, on two occasions .A. the water of the lake turned redB. lake water sprouted into the airC. the Gnats invaded the countrysideD. fish in the lake suddenly died64.The word “jinx”(Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means .A. spell of bad luckB. hot air currentC. strange tranquilityD. storm of unusual duration65.Which can be considered the best title for the passage?A. The Curse of Tondo.B. The Beautify Lake Elsinore.C. The Mysterious Indian Tribes.D. The Tragic Love of Morning Star.(二)Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.”You’re supposed to figure this out for yo urself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one’s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti onbuildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. a n d there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that’s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people,improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad f o r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.66. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious67. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.68. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful69. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles70. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentANSER66-70 B A D C D四、Summary writing （写作）Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 250 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET．Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay．通常，王华林的一天是这样的。

外刊及中国日报精选文章改编：语法填空（答案+译文）第一篇世界首例！猪到人的异种肝移植临床手术在安徽完成The world's fifth living-body alien organ transplant, the first liver transplant from a pig to a living human, was successfully completed by the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University on May 17,______ brings new hope to the over 140,000 domestic registered patients waiting for an organ transplant and the possibly higher number of unregistered people facing organ failure.________ a living person can donate part of his or her liver without sacrificing his or her life, the operation in Anhui province is still a significant development because compatible(兼容的) liver sources are not that easy _______(find) and a liver transplant________(involve) high medical costs and pain to get part of the liver from a donor. A liver transplant is even _________(complicated) than that of a heart and kidney that function as blood pump and water cycler respectively, as the liver is involved in metabolism, immunity, digestion and many more functions.The Anhui hospital's transplant operation is ________(medical) considered a success because the transplanted pig liver is reportedly operating normally in the patient's body, secreting 200 millilitres of gall every day._______ fact that cannot be omitted(遗漏) is that in previous cases the patients in the United Kingdom and the United States who received heart and kidney transplants(移植的器官) _______ pigs all passed away within two months after receiving the organs. The transplant operations have still prolonged the patients' lives and sustained them without a rejection reaction after the transplant operations till their _______(death). Further, the transplanted liver in the domestic case had only 10 genes edited to prevent a rejection reaction, fewer than the transplanted hearts and kidneys in the US and UK cases, which shows that domestic medical experts may have developed a methodology that can support the patient's _______(survive) without changing the liver too much.With the gene-editing technology aimed at "cutting" more gene clips that trigger a rejection reaction away from pig organs maturing, the risks of transplanted alien organsbeing rejected will be minimized and the technology will be applied more widely to save lives.第二篇社会：英格兰收养儿童的悲惨故事【经济学人】The sorry story of children in care in EnglandJADE BARNETT learned that she was being moved from foster c are(看护中心) into a children’s home a few years ago when she saw her possessions in the back of a taxi. The children’s home turned out ______(be) near Blackpool, in north-west England—330 kilometres from London, where she grew up and where the social workers who were meant to be lookingafter her were based. She expected to stay in the home for two weeks. It turned into one and a half years.Some 84,000 children in England are in the care of local authorities _______their parents cannot look after them for one reason or another. In an extremely centralised(集中的) country, it is one of the few important responsibilities that those _______( institution) still have. Every year councils spend more money on the children in their care. Every year the system serves the country’s most vulnerable children less well.Adult social care, including ________(nurse) homes for the old and frail, is notorious(臭名昭著的) for straining local authorities’ budgets. But spending on children in care is rising ________a faster rate, says Roger Gough, the leader of Kent County Council. In England as a whole, local authorities spent more than £7bn ($8.6bn) on looked-after children in the 2022-23 fiscal year, a 36% increase in real terms ________(compare) with 2015-16. That squeezes budgets for everything else, including help for families not yet in crisis.Over the ten years to 2023 the number of children in care swelled(增加) by 23%, or by 16%if you do not count unaccompanied children seeking asylum（庇护）, _______numbers have risen recently. And the children who enter the care system are becoming older and needier. Whereas(然而) young children tend to live with foster carers, older ones are more likely to end up inchildren’s homes; some require intensive, round-the-clock attention. Caring for them can be costly—sometimes amazingly costly.The Local Government Association estimates that in the 2018-19 fiscal year, England had 120 children who were each costing local authorities at least £10,000 per week. By 2022-23 the number had jumped to 1,500. One explanation is that local authorities are now looking after some teenagers who might once have ended up in psychiatric wards（精神病病房）or young offenders’ institutions. Over the past two decades the number of children in custody________(go) from 2,800 to around 400, reflecting not only less youthful offending but also a growing reluctance(不情愿) to lock them up.But the main reason for the increase in costs is economics. “It’s simply a supply-and-demand issue,” says Stuart Ashley, the head of children’s services for Hampshire County Council. England has too few foster carers _______ too few children’s homes. Councils end up competing for scarce places, with predictable consequences.England has a “mixed model” of care (in Scotland the state plays a bigger role). About half of children________(place) in foster care by independent agencies, which charge local authorities for their services; four-fifths of children’s homes are privately run. To judge by the ratings they receive from inspectors, private homes are no worse than state ones. But they are often in the wrong places, because firms tend to build them where property is cheap (see map). North-West England has fewer inhabitants than London, but it has 746 children’s homes compared with 164 in the capital.第三篇经济：为什么花钱让妇女多生孩子是行不通的？【经济学人】Why paying women to have more babies won’t workAS BIRTH RATES plunge, many _______(political) want to pour money into policies that might lead women _______(have) more babies. Donald Trump has v owed(发誓) to dish out bonuses if he returns to the White House. In France, _______ the state already spends 3.5-4% of GDP on family policies each year, Emmanuel Macron wants to “demographically rearm(人口统计上的重新调整)” his country. South Korea is contemplating(考虑) handouts worth astaggering（难以置信的）$70,000 for each baby. Yet all these ________(attempt) are likely to fail, because they are built on a misapprehension(误解).Governments’ concern is ________(understand). Fertility rates(生育率) are falling nearly everywhere and the rich world faces a severe(严重的) shortage of babies. At prevailing birth rates, the average woman in ______ high-income country today will have just 1.6 children over her lifetime. Every rich country except Israel has a fertility rate beneath the replacement level of 2.1, at which a population is stable without immigration. The decline(减少) over the past decade________(be) faster than demographers(人口统计学)expected.Doomsayers such as Elon Musk warn that these shifts threaten civilisation_______(it). That is ridiculous, but they will bring profound(深刻的) social and economic changes. A fertility rate of 1.6 means that, without immigration, each generation will be a quarter smaller than the one before it. In 2000 rich countries had 26 over-65-year-olds for every 100 people _______(age) 25-64. By 2050 that is likely to have doubled. The worst-affected places will see even more dramatic change. In South Korea, where the fertility rate is 0.7, the population is projected to fall by 60% _______ the end of the century.The decision to have children is a personal one and should stay that way. But governments need to pay heed to rapid demographic shifts(人口变化). Ageing and shrinking societies will probably lose dynamism and military might. They will certainly face a ________(budget) nightmare(噩梦), as taxpayers(纳税人) struggle to finance the pensions(养老金) and health care of legions of oldies.Many pro-natalist（亲出生主义者）policies come with effects that are valuable in themselves. Handouts for poor parents reduce child poverty（短缺）, for instance, and mothers who can afford child care are more likely to work. ________, governments are wrong to think it is within their power to boost fertility rates. For one thing, such policies ________(found) on a false diagnosis(判断) of what has so far caused demographic decline. For another, they could cost more than the problems they are designed to solve.One common assumption is that falling fertility rates stem from professional women________(put) off having children. The notion that they run out of time to have as many babies as they wish before their childbearing years(生育年龄) draw to a close explains why policies tend tofocus on offering tax breaks and subsidised child care. That way, it is argued,women do not have to choose between their family and their career.That is not the main story. University-educated women are indeed having children later in life, but only a little. In America their average age at the birth of their first child has risen from 28 in 2000 to 30 now. These women are having _______(rough) the same number of children as their peers did a generation ago. This is a little below what they say is their ideal family size, but the gap is no different from ________ it used to be.答案第一篇：Which Although to find involves more complicated medically A from deaths survival第二篇：to be because institutions nursing at compared whose has gone and are placed第三篇：politicians to have where attempts understandable a has been itself aged by budgetary However are founded putting roughly what译文第一篇：5月17日，安徽医科大学第一附属医院成功完成了世界上第五次活体外来器官移植，这是第一次猪向活人的肝移植。

2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试自测试题与参考答案一、写作（15分）Task 1: Letter of RecommendationWrite a letter to your friend, who is applying for a scholarship in a foreign university. In your letter, you should:1.Express your support for your friend’s application.2.Mention your friend’s academic achievements and extracurricular activities.3.Briefly describe your friend’s personal qualities and how they would benefit from the scholarship.4.End the letter by encouraging your friend to pursue their goals.Writing Tip:Remember to use formal language and a clear structure. Start with a proper introduction, followed by the main body, and conclude with a polite closing.Sample Letter:[Your Name][Your Address][City, State, ZIP][Email Address][Date][Friend’s Name][Friend’s Address][City, State, ZIP]Dear [Friend’s Name],I am writing to express my wholehearted support for your application for the scholarship at [Foreign University]. I believe that you are an exceptional candidate who deserves this opportunity to further your education abroad.Throughout your academic journey at [Your University], you have consistently demonstrated exceptional dedication and commitment to your studies. Your academic achievements are nothing short of remarkable. You have consistently ranked among the top students in your major, earning honors and awards along the way. Moreover, your ability to grasp complex concepts and apply them creatively is truly impressive.In addition to your academic prowess, you have been actively involved in various extracurricular activities. You have served as the president of the Student Council, where you have shown excellent leadership qualities and have been instrumental in organizing successful events. Your ability to work collaboratively and inspire others is a testament to your strong interpersonal skills.On a personal level, you possess a genuine passion for learning and a strongsense of curiosity. Your determination to explore new cultures and ideas will undoubtedly benefit you greatly as you pursue your studies at [Foreign University]. The scholarship would not only provide you with financial support but also allow you to immerse yourself in a diverse and enriching academic environment.I have no doubt that you will excel in your studies and make the most of this opportunity. Please do not hesitate to reach out to me if you need any assistance or guidance during your application process.Wishing you the best of luck with your scholarship application. I am confident that you will achieve your goals.Warm regards,[Your Name]Analysis:This sample letter follows the structure and guidelines provided in the task. It starts with a formal introduction, expressing support for the friend’s application. The body of the letter focuses on the friend’s academic achievements and extracurricular activities, providing specific examples to illustrate their strengths. The writer then briefly describes the friend’s personal qualities and how the scholarship would benefit them. Finally, the letter concludes with a polite closing and well-wishes, encouraging the friend to pursue their goals. The language used is formal and respectful, appropriate for a letter of recommendation.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News Item 1:A new study by the World Health Organization (WHO) has found that the consumption of sugary drinks is linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The study, which involved nearly 600,000 people from 10 different countries, showed that those who consumed more than one sugary drink per day had a 1.93 times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those who did not consume sugary drinks at all. The WHO recommends limiting the intake of sugary drinks to less than 50 grams per day to reduce the risk of diabetes.Questions:1、What is the main finding of the study conducted by the WHO?A. The consumption of sugary drinks does not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.B. The consumption of sugary drinks is linked to an increased risk of type2 diabetes.C. The consumption of sugary drinks can prevent type 2 diabetes.D. The consumption of sugary drinks has no effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes.2、How many times higher is the risk of developing type 2 diabetes for those who consume more than one sugary drink per day compared to those who do not consume sugary drinks at all?A. 1.5 timesB. 1.93 timesC. 2.5 timesD. 3 times3、According to the WHO, how many grams of sugary drinks should be consumed per day to reduce the risk of diabetes?A. 100 gramsB. 50 gramsC. 25 gramsD. 75 gramsAnswers:1、B2、B3、B第二题News Item 1:The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency due to the rapid spread of a new strain of influenza. The virus, known as H5N1, has already infected hundreds of people in Asia and Europe, and there are concerns it could mutate into a form that spreads easily among humans. Governments around the world are taking steps to control the virus and prevent a pandemic.Questions:1、What has the WHO declared due to the spread of the new influenza strain?A) A regional emergencyB) A global emergencyC) A pandemicD) A localized outbreak2、How many people in Asia and Europe have been infected with the new influenza strain?A) DozensB) HundredsC) ThousandsD) Tens of thousands3、What is the main concern regarding the H5N1 virus?A) It has already mutated into a form that spreads easily among humans.B) It is highly resistant to existing vaccines.C) It is causing severe health complications in infected individuals.D) It is primarily affecting animals rather than humans.Answers:1、B) A global emergency2、B) Hundreds3、A) It has already mutated into a form that spreads easily among humans.三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题听力原文：W: Hi, John. How’s your preparation for the CET-4 exam going?M: Oh, not too bad. I’ve been studying pretty hard, but I’m really worried about the listening section. It’s always been my weakest point.W: I know what you mean. It’s hard to improve your list ening skills in such a short time. But don’t worry too much. Just keep practicing.M: Yeah, but how should I practice? Should I just listen to English news and podcasts every day?W: That’s a good start, but it’s also important to practice with real exam q uestions. That way, you’ll get used to the format and the types of questions.M: Right. So, where can I find some practice materials?W: There are many online resources available. You can check out websites like CET-4 Listening Practice or even download some apps that offer listening exercises.M: Great! I’ll start looking for those resources right away. By the way, do you have any tips for improving listening skills?W: Well, one thing I find helpful is to take notes while listening. It helps me to focus and remember the main points of the conversation. Also, try to predict what the speaker might say next based on the context.M: That’s a good tip. I’ll try that. Thanks for the advice!W: No problem. We’re all in this together. Good luck with your exam!Questions:1、What is the main topic of the conversation?A) Preparing for the CET-4 examB) Improving listening skillsC) Finding practice materials for the CET-4 examD) Taking notes during the exam2、What does the man think about the listening section of the CET-4 exam?A) He is confident about it.B) He is not very worried about it.C) He feels it is his weakest point.D) He thinks it is the easiest section.3、What does the woman suggest the man do to improve his listening skills?A) Listen to English songs and movies.B) Read a lot of English books.C) Take notes while listening.D) Practice speaking English.4、Where does the woman suggest the man find practice materials for the CET-4 listening section?A) At the library.B) On the internet.C) In the bookstore.D) At the school’s language center.Answers:1、B) Improving listening skills2、C) He feels it is his weakest point.3、C) Take notes while listening.4、B) On the internet.第二题听力原文：W: Hey, John. Have you heard about the new English proficiency test t hat’s going to be introduced next year?M: Yeah, I have. It’s called the CET-4 English Proficiency Test. I heard it’s going to be more challenging than the current one.W: That’s true. The test format is going to change a bit. Instead of just having listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, there will also be a long conversation section.M: Oh, really? That sounds interesting. How will it work?W: Well, the long conversation will be a conversation between two or more people on a specific topic. We’ll have to listen to the conversation and answer questions based on what we hear.M: That sounds like a good way to test our listening skills and understanding of the language in real-life situations.W: Exactly. And the questions will be a mix of multiple-choice andshort-answer questions.M: So, are you planning to take the test?W: Yes, I am. I want to improve my English skills, and this test seems like a good way to do that.M: Good for you! I think I’ll take it too. Let’s study together.Questions:1、What is the new English proficiency test called?A) CET-3B) CET-4C) CET-5D) CET-62、What is one of the main changes in the new test format?A) There will be no speaking section.B) There will be a long conversation section.C) The reading section will be longer.D) The writing section will be more difficult.3、What type of questions will be included in the long conversation section?A) Only multiple-choice questions.B) Only short-answer questions.C) A mix of multiple-choice and short-answer questions.D) Only essay questions.4、What is the main reason the speakers are interested in taking the test?A) To improve their grades.B) To get a job abroad.C) To improve their English skills.D) To meet the requirements for a higher education program.Answers:1、B) CET-42、B) There will be a long conversation section.3、C) A mix of multiple-choice and short-answer questions.4、C) To improve their English skills.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题Passage OneAfter the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, the world changed in many ways. People’s lives, both in the United States and around the world, were forever altered. The attacks led to increased security measures at airports, government buildings, and public events. They also had a profound impact on the global economy and international relations.1、What was the primary cause of the changes in people’s lives after the September 11 attacks?A)Increased security measures.B)The global economy.C)International relations.D)All of the above.Passage One Questions:2、What immediate effect did the September 11 attacks have on airports?A)They were closed for several days.B)They introduced more stringent security checks.C)They were forced to reduce flights.D)They had no immediate effect.3、How did the September 11 attacks change international relations?A)They led to a strengthening of alliances.B)They caused a breakdown in diplomatic relations.C)They had no immediate impact on international relations.D)They led to a reduction in international trade.Answers:1、D) All of the above.2、B) They introduced more stringent security checks.3、A) They led to a strengthening of alliances.第二题Passage OneIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of sleep and its effects on our health. Researchers have found that sleep plays a crucial role in our physical and mental well-being. Here are some key findings from recent studies:1.Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health issues. Lack of sleep has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also weaken the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections.2.Sleep is essential for cognitive functions. Memory, attention, and problem-solving skills are all affected by sleep deprivation. Without adequate sleep, our ability to perform daily tasks can be significantly impaired.3.Sleep helps regulate our hormones. Lack of sleep can disrupt the balance of hormones, leading to weight gain and other health problems.4.Sleep improves our mood. Regular, quality sleep can reduce stress and anxiety, and improve our overall sense of well-being.Now, listen to a conversation between two friends discussing the importance of sleep.Question 1: What is one potential health issue associated with sleep deprivation?A. Improved cognitive functions.B. Increased risk of heart disease.C. Enhanced immune system.D. Decreased stress levels.Answer: BQuestion 2: According to the passage, how does sleep affect our cognitive abilities?A. It enhances memory and attention.B. It impairs problem-solving skills.C. It increases stress levels.D. It weakens the immune system.Answer: AQuestion 3: What is one benefit of regular, quality sleep mentioned in the passage?A. It disrupts hormone balance.B. It increases stress levels.C. It improves our mood.D. It weakens the immune system.Answer: C第三题PassageDr. John Brown, a renowned psychologist, has conducted extensive research on the effects of sleep on cognitive performance. In his latest study, he investigates how sleep deprivation affects problem-solving abilities.Dr. Brown explains that during sleep, the brain processes and consolidates information, which is crucial for memory formation and problem-solving. Sleep deprivation, however, can hinder this process, leading to decreased cognitive performance.In his study, Dr. Brown divided participants into two groups. One group was allowed to sleep for 8 hours, while the other group was kept awake for 24 hours. After the sleep deprivation period, both groups were given a series ofproblem-solving tasks to complete.The results were striking. The group that had slept for 8 hours performed significantly better on the problem-solving tasks than the group that had been kept awake. The sleep-deprived group showed slower reaction times, lower accuracy, and higher levels of stress.Dr. Brown concludes that adequate sleep is essential for optimal cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation not only impairs problem-solving abilities but also has long-term negative effects on mental health and overall well-being.Questions1、What is the main focus of Dr. John Brown’s research?A) The effects of stress on sleepB) The importance of sleep in cognitive performanceC) The role of genetics in sleep patternsD) The impact of caffeine on sleep quality2、How does sleep deprivation affect cognitive performance, according to Dr. Brown?A) It improves reaction times and accuracyB) It enhances memory formation and problem-solving abilitiesC) It hinders the brain’s ability to process and consolidate informationD) It has no significant impact on cognitive performance3、What is the conclusion Dr. Brown draws from his study?A) Sleep deprivation has no negative effects on cognitive performanceB) Adequate sleep is unnecessary for optimal cognitive performanceC) The quality of sleep is more important than the quantity of sleepD) Sleep deprivation can have long-term negative effects on mental health and overall well-beingAnswers1、B) The importance of sleep in cognitive performance2、C) It hinders the brain’s ability to process and consolidate information3、D) Sleep deprivation can have long-term negative effects on mental health and overall well-being五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）第一题Reading passage:In the digital age, our lives are increasingly intertwined with technology. From the moment we wake up to the time we go to bed, we rely on various devices to help us with our daily tasks. One such device that has become an integral part of our lives is th e smartphone. It’s not just a communication tool anymore; it’s a personal assistant, a fitness tracker, and a source of entertainment.The rise of smartphones has brought about both benefits and challenges. On the one hand, they have made our lives more convenient. We can access information, make purchases, and stay connected with friends and family at any time. On the other hand, excessive use of smartphones can lead to negative consequences suchas sleep disturbances, reduced face-to-face interactions, and even mental health issues.As we continue to integrate technology into our daily routines, it’s important to be mindful of how we use our devices. Here are some tips to help you maintain a healthy balance:1.Set specific times for checking your phone, such as during meals or before bedtime.e apps that limit your screen time to encourage healthier habits.3.Engage in offline activities to reduce your reliance on digital devices.4.Prioritize face-to-face interactions with loved ones.Now, complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word from the word bank for each blank. Write the corresponding letter (A, B, C, orD) in the blank.1.The rise of smartphones has brought about both__________and challenges.A. benefitsB. obstaclesC. confusionD. excitement2.Excessive use of smartphones can lead to__________such as sleep disturbances.A. benefitsB. obstaclesC. confusionD. excitement3.It’s important to be__________of how we use our devices.A. carefulB. lazyC. indifferentD. obsessed4.Set specific times for checking your phone to__________your reliance on digital devices.A. reduceB. increaseC. ignoreD. depend on5.Engage in__________activities to reduce your reliance on digital devices.A. onlineB. offlineC. digitalD. physicalAnswers:1.A2.A3.A4.A5.BSecond PartDirections: There are 5 incomplete statements followed by a list of words or phrases. Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each statement. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage:In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, digital literacy has become an indispensable skill for students. It not only encompasses the ability to use technology efficiently but also involves understanding the ethical implications of its usage. As educators emphasize the importance of integrating technology into the classroom, they must also address the challenges that come with it, such as ensuring equitable access and preventing the digital divide from widening. The goal is to prepare students to be responsible digital citizens who can navigate the online world safely and effectively.Questions:1、The term “digital literacy” refers to the skills required to _______.a)Use technology efficiently and understand its ethical implicationsb)Read books onlinec)Type fast on a computerd)Navigate social media platformsAnswer: a)2、“Ethical implications” in this context means _______.a)The consequences related to right and wrong behavior concerning technology useb)The speed at which one can operate a computerc)The cost of buying new technologyd)The process of learning how to codeAnswer: a)3、“Equitable access” implies that _______.a)All students have fair opportunities to use technologyb)Technology should be equally expensive for everyonec)Students should spend equal time on homeworkd)Teachers should give equal grades to all studentsAnswer: a)4、The “digital divide” refers to the gap between those who have ready access to computers and the internet, and those who do not because of _______.a)Societal inequalitiesb)Personal preferencesc)Technological advancementsd)Educational qualificationsAnswer: a)5、Being a “responsible digital citizen” means that one is able to _______.a)Use technology without any restrictionsb)Contribute positively to the online community while respecting others’ rightsc)Own the latest gadgetsd)Have unlimited data plansAnswer: b)六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading PassagesPassage OneIn recent years, the rise of online shopping has revolutionized the way people purchase goods and services. With just a few clicks, consumers can now access a vast array of products from the comfort of their own homes. This shift has had a significant impact on traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, forcing many to adapt or risk becoming obsolete.The convenience of online shopping is undeniable. Consumers can shop at any time of the day or night, compare prices across different platforms, and read reviews from other customers. However, this convenience comes with its own set of challenges. One major concern is the issue of online security, as consumers are vulnerable to identity theft and fraud. Additionally, the lack of physical interaction with products can lead to dissatisfaction with the purchase, especially when it comes to clothing or electronics.Despite these challenges, online shopping continues to grow in popularity. One reason for this is the rise of social media, which has become a powerful tool for promoting products and influencing consumer behavior. Influencers, for example, can showcase products to their followers, who may then be more inclined to make a purchase. Moreover, the rise of mobile shopping has made it even easier for consumers to shop on the go.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The rise of online shopping has changed the way people shop.B. Online shopping is convenient but has its drawbacks.C. Traditional retailers are struggling to compete with online shopping.D. Online shopping is influenced by social media and mobile technology.2、What is one of the main concerns mentioned regarding online shopping?A. The high cost of shipping.B. The lack of physical interaction with products.C. The potential for identity theft and fraud.D. The difficulty in returning items.3、According to the passage, what is a benefit of online shopping?A. The ability to touch and feel products before purchasing.B. The opportunity to interact with sales representatives.C. The ability to read reviews from other customers.D. The reduced need for travel to physical stores.4、How does social media influence online shopping?A. It increases the cost of online transactions.B. It promotes products and influences consumer behavior.C. It makes online shopping less convenient.D. It reduces the need for physical stores.5、What is the author’s attitude towards online shopping?A. NegativeB. PositiveC. IndifferentD. CriticalAnswers:1、A2、C3、C4、B5、BSecond QuestionPassage:The Digital Divide and Its Impact on EducationIn the age of information technology, access to digital resources has become increasingly important for educational success. However, there exists a significant gap in access between those who have ready access to computers and the internet and those who do not. This phenomenon is known as the digital divide. It affects students in various ways, from limiting their ability to complete homework assignments that require internet access to hindering their development of critical digital literacy skills necessa ry for today’s job market.While urban areas tend to have better infrastructure and more resources tosupport digital education, rural communities often lag behind. Schools in these regions may lack the funding needed to provide adequate computer facilities and internet connectivity, leaving students at a disadvantage when it comes to competing with their peers in more technologically advanced settings.Moreover, the digital divide also extends beyond hardware and connectivity issues. There is a disparity in the availability of digital literacy training programs that teach individuals how to effectively use technology. Without such training, even if hardware and connectivity were available, many students would still struggle to make effective use of digital tools for learning.Efforts to bridge the digital divide include initiatives aimed at providing affordable internet access and devices to underprivileged communities as well as programs designed to train educators and students in digital literacy. Despite these efforts, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring equitable access to technology across all socioeconomic groups.Questions:1、What does the term “digital divide” refer to?A. The gap in technology access between different socioeconomic groups.B. The difference in technology preferences among students.C. The physical distance between urban and rural areas.D. The separation of online and offline educational resources.Answer: A2、How does the digital divide affect students’ educational outcomesaccording to the passage?A. By limiting their access to traditional textbooks.B. By preventing them from participating in extracurricular activities.C. By hindering their ability to complete homework that requires internet access.D. By reducing the number of subjects they can study.Answer: C3、Which area is more likely to face challenges due to the digital divide?A. Urban areas with high population density.B. Rural communities with limited resources.C. Suburban neighborhoods with moderate income levels.D. Metropolitan cities with advanced technological infrastructure.Answer: B4、What additional issue besides hardware and connectivity is mentioned regarding the digital divide?A. The cost of software subscriptions.B. The lack of digital literacy training programs.C. The shortage of qualified teachers.D. The absence of government regulations.Answer: B5、What kind of efforts are being made to reduce the impact of the digital divide?A. Increasing the production of printed materials.B. Providing affordable internet access and digital literacy training.C. Encouraging the use of traditional teaching methods.D. Reducing the emphasis on technology in schools.Answer: BThis completes the section on Long Reading Comprehension for the CET Level 4 exam preparation.七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassagesPassage 1In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of effective communication skills cannot be overstated. Communication is the key to success in both personal and professional settings. One of the most widely recognized tests of English proficiency is the College English Test Band 4 (CET-4). This exam, conducted annually in China, evaluates the English language skills of university students.The CET-4 exam consists of several sections, including listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. In this passage, we will focus on the reading comprehension section, which is often considered the most challenging part of the exam.The reading comprehension section consists of three parts: reading passageA, reading passage B, and reading passage C. Each part contains several questions th at test the reader’s ability to understand the main idea, details, and inference of the text.Reading passage A is a passage that covers a broad range of topics, such as science and technology, education, culture, and society. Reading passage B is a detailed account of a particular event or phenomenon, while reading passage C is a passage that requires the reader to infer the author’s attitude or opinion based on the given information.Questions:1、The CET-4 exam is widely recognized as a test of ________.A. listening skillsB. speaking skillsC. reading skillsD. writing skills2、The reading comprehension section of the CET-4 exam consistsof________parts.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a topic in reading passage A?。