02-98指考英文试卷定稿

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selectionof recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer allyour answers from your test booklet to A NSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen,heard. Some of the information has been given to youfill out the table with the information you’vein the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Welch’s Personal InformationPlace of Birth PhiladelphiaYear of Birth 1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920Major at University 1Final Degree PhDYear of Marriage 1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year) 2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3Main Interest 4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5Death (Age) 77Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, completethe sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out 6for days outside the speaker’s home?apartmentOne reporter got to the speaker’s 7pretending to pay.The speaker believed the reporter wanted a 8picture of her lookingWhere is a correction to a false story usually 9placed?According to the speaker, the press will lose10readers unless the editors and the newsdirectorsPart CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.(10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children’s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? [A] How muchexercise they get every day.[B] What they are most worried about.[C] How long their parents accompany them daily.[D] What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academy suggests that children under age two ________.[A] get enough entertainment[B] have more activities[C] receive early education[D] have regular checkups13. According to the report, children’s bedrooms should ________.[A] be no place for play[B] be near a common area[C] have no TV sets[D] have a computer for studyQuestions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A] Family debts.[B] Bank savings.[C] Monthly bills.[D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?[A] $190,000.[B] $330,000.[C] $500,000.[D] $1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A] Invest into a mutual fund.[B] Use the discount tickets.[C] Quit his eating-out habit.[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Which word best describes the lawyer’s prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A] Fall[B] Rise[C] V-shape[D] Zigzag18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A] To embrace changes of thought.[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C] To return to the practice in the ‘60s and ‘70s.[D] To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A] They feared the complicated procedures.[B] They wanted to go against the trend.[C] They were afraid of losing face.[D] they were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have ________.[A] been shifted around the country.[B] had difficulty being promoted.[C] enjoyed a happier life.[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.THIS IS THE END OF SECTION IDO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTIONUNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题(二)National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (2002)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。

2002Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union．The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning，such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds．The“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually．This is about 4 percent of the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years．Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals．Part V Writing(30 minutes，15 points)Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title“What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below．1．人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭等…2．其中我认为重要的是…；理由是…3．结论…2003Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, how ever, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day－at the University of Hong Kong. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why.Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles－as well as pleases－today’s high-school students. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Y ou are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “Lifelong Learning”. You should base your composition on the Chinese outline given below:1.终身学习对每个人的重要性。

2023年七年级期末英语考试试卷分析初中七年级英语试卷分析(大全5篇)七年级期末英语考试试卷分析初中七年级英语试卷分析篇一和平中学王颖一、试题的特点:(一)、注重了基础知识的考查试卷中能充分体现考查学生基础知识为主要目标的命题原则，坚持依据于课本，但又避免教材中机械的知识，对于一些学生必须掌握的基础知识作为重点考查的内容(如名词的复数的运用，重点短语，代词的用法等)，因为这些知识的掌握能更好地为今后的学习打下坚实的基础。

(二)、突出语言的交际功能作为一种语言，英语是一种交流工具。

根据学生的年龄特点和语言学习的规律，初中英语教学是以培养听说能力为主要目标，读写跟上的原则。

(三)、渗透了能力考查的要求学习语言是为了交际，初中英语教学不仅要教给学生一些最基本的语言知识，而且要教给学生运用语言的方法和能力。

在试卷的问题设计上，增加了对学生阅读理解能力和活用语言能力的考查。

本次考试共有94人参加，平均分是80.9，及格率是68%，优秀率是41.4%。

二、下面就试卷的总体情况分析如下(一)、听力部分听力测试旨在考查学生听音、辨音及听力理解和快速反应能力。

满分为20分，共四题，整体来看，听力部分得分率相对来说比较高，失分较多的是第11、12、19题。

失分的主要原因是学生心理紧张，听的技巧掌握不好，学生不能领会录音内容中的关键信息点，以至造成失误。

第11题在材料中出现两个姓氏，学生没有听清问的是哪一个人的姓氏，以至于出现错误而丢分；第12题学生先入为主了以为材料中是on the desk，在问题中就会出现同样的on the desk，而问题是under the desk，所以丢分，第19题在于学生没有听出his green clock，所以丢分。

(二)、笔试部分笔试部分共100分，主要考查学生的语言基础知识和基本技能，包括词、词组、语法的正确运用和读写能力的考查，现分述如下：1.句意填词是基础知识，主要考察学生对词义和句意的理解。

2025届江苏省宝应县英语九上期末学业水平测试试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Keep working hard, Paul. You will surely realize your dream of being a writer ________ you give it up halfway. —I will, thank you, Miss Rowling.A．unless B．if C．since D．though2、―Excuse me, could you tell me ?―There is a bank on the second floor. Y ou can make it there.A．where the bank is B．how I can get to the bankC．if there's a bank near here D．where I can exchange money3、---Look! A book is on the floor .Whose is it?---It____be Rick’s.It has his name on it.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．need4、-- I’m a little tired. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.-- We take a taxi. It’s not far from h ere.A．can’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．mustn't5、Ben is a hard-working writer. He wrote his ________ novel when he was ________ years old.A．fifth; fifty B．fifth; fiftieth C．five; fifty D．five: fiftieth6、- Look! The tree is growing well. When _____?-Three years ago.A．will it be planted B．did it plant C．was it planted D．is it planted7、(2017·山东泰安· 21)—Do you know ________ girl with long curly hair?—Yes，she is Mary. She plays ________ tennis very well.A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；the D．a；the8、— How do you like the job now?—I’ve never making the decision because it’s worth effort.A．regretted B．risked C．realized9、— The model plane is so cute. Whose is it？—It’s ______. He made it ______.A．David’s; itself B．David’s ; himself C．David; himself D．David ; itself10、-- Excuse me, could you tell me where I can buy a guidebook?-- Sorry, I’m new here. You _____ ask the policeman over there.A．shall B．can C．must D．needⅡ. 完形填空11、Our life is easy now. You may often hear these words, “Oh. My God! I got up late. I am so 1 now!” Then what did he do last night? Yes, for 2 of them, surfing on the Internet 3 the answer.As we all 4 , computers are very popular in our everyday life. It is an important part in our life. Because it helps us with our life. It can not only help us 5 , but also offer us all kinds of 6 to play. But if we spend too much time 7 in front of the computer, our 8 will become worse and worse. We may even forget how to read and write.I think we are owners of 9 , and we must also be the owners of ourselves. 10 is important to know when to use computers. That means to control computers but not to be controlled by computers.1．A．sleepy B．relaxed C．happy D．lucky2．A．one B．some C．many D．most3．A．is B．finds C．has D．knows4．A．see B．know C．hear D．like5．A．play B．exercise C．work D．sleep6．A．games B．music C．cards D．balls7．A．sleep B．listening C．talking D．sitting8．A．ears B．eyes C．hands D．head9．A．study B．games C．computers D．house10．A．This B．That C．It D．HeⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

揭阳二中2021-2022学年度高二级上学期第一次阶段考英语命题人：蒋珺张敏丽本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，满分为135分，考试用时120分钟。

留意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、座位号和考生号填涂在答题卡上。

2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

3. 非选择题必需用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答卷纸上作答，答案必需写在答卷纸各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效。

4. 考试结束后，将答题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AThe first summer job is often a signal that you’re on your way to adulthood, and it’s also a method for earning money to pay for what you dream of. It’s never too early to start considering the future. Now, here are some good choices for you!Retail (零售) SalesRetail offers plenty of opportunity for teens who are looking for a job. This type of work can pay from $10 to $15 an hour depending upon the duty you are expected to take on. It can also be great for teens who are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. For more information, call us at 111-222-3333.Food ServiceA job in the food service industry is a natural fit for sociable teens who enjoy communicating with the public. Itallows employees to work as part of a team while learning about following instructions. It also comes with the opportunity to earn between $8 and $10 per hour. Just call 111-222-3533 for more information.BabysitterThis job requires someone who is highly responsible. Though it pays generally between $6 and $8 hourly, it also requires a lot of patience. This is a great choice for teens who wish to make a career in teaching, child care, social work or any other field that makes use of social skills or requires interaction with kids. Got a question? Just call 111-222-3336.HousekeepingThis type of work can bring in about $5 an hour and it will allow teens to learn responsibility and develop their organizational skills. The summer sees an increase in the tourism industry, so hotels are often looking for more housekeeping staff, and parks often need more people to assist with keeping public areas clean and organized as well. Telephone: 111-222-3330.1. How much can you earn at least in two hours as a retailer?A. $20.B. $12.C. $16.D. $10.2. Which of the following jobs may attract teens who want to be a teacher?A. Retail Sales.B. Food Service.C. Babysitter.D. Housekeeping.3. The text is mainly written for teens who _____.A. are faced with communication problemsB. plan to start their own businessC. dream of becoming a housekeeperD. want a part-time job in the summerBSome people think they have an answer to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or “bike”.In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines.For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bicycle riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes(车道) for bicycle on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks they are a good idea. Taxi drivers don’t like the idea – they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea – they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park – the largest open space in New York – is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. Until that happens, the safest place to bicycle may be in the park.4. Some people founded Bike for a Better City because ______.A. there are no bikes in New York City nowB. there are no bike lanes in New York City nowC. they wanted to reduce the traffic and pollutionD. traffic has been too slow5. Some people are against the idea of bicycle lanes because they think ______.A. they will not reduce the trafficB. there will be traffic accidentsC. they will make traffic less and slowerD. traffic moves slowly in bike lanes6. Which is the best possible title for the passage?A. Special lanes to a greener city.B. The safest place for bicycle riders.C. Fight for a better environment.D. Less traffic, greener city.7. What is the attitude of the author towards painting bike lanes?A. WelcomeB. Neutral(中立的)C. SurprisedD. NegativeCAlbert Einstein was a famous scientist who completely changed the way that people saw our world and the universe. Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. He only did things he was interested in, like science and mathematics. At a very early age young Albert started wondering about the mysteries of the universe.After school Einstein went to Swi tzerland and tried to become a teacher there, but he couldn’t find a job. He went to work at the Swiss patent office in Bern. Later, Albert went to Berlin where he developed many of his scientific theories. Einstein became so well known that he was invited to universities around the world to talk about his discoveries. In 1921 he received the Nobel Prize for Physics. In the meantime, things were starting to change in Germany. Einstein was against Nazis and their ideas of controlling the world and killing Jews. The Nazis, in return, hated him and his theories and they burned most of his books. Einstein decided to leave Germany and go to the United States.When World War II broke out in 1939, Einstein discovered that German scientists were working on a bomb thatcould kill thousands of people. He wrote a letter to the American president to warn him and suggested that Americans start building one too.In 1941, the American government started the Manhattan Project which led to the construction of the atomic bomb. Two of these bombs were dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end the war against Japan. Einstein was horrified when he heard the news. He wanted the world to use atomic energy for peaceful purposes.For the last twenty years of his life, Einstein lived in Princeton where he continued his scientific work. He died on April 18, 1955.8. Where did Albert Einstein want to teach?A. In Ulm.B. In Switzerland.C. In Berlin.D. In the USA.9. When did Albert Einstein win the Nobel Prize for Physics?A. In his late twenties.B. In his late thirties.C. In his early forties.D. In his early fifties.10. Why did Albert Einstein flee Germany?A. Because he disliked working for the Nazis.B. Because the Nazis didn’t treat him equally.C. Because the situations there were against him.D. Because he predicted the outbreak of World War II.11. The underlined word “horrified” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.A. puzzledB. calmC. strangeD. shockedDWhen I came to Cincinnati as an au pair(家庭打工留同学), a lot of things there were different from what I knew. My host family lived in a huge house I could only describe as a "castle". In Germany I had lived in a small apartment together with my mom. Soon I found out that the "castle" was actually rather small in our neighborhood.Everybody there was very friendly and polite. They greeted you when they were walking by at least 3 feet away from you. They must not have seen a German au pair before, for most people I met asked me all kinds of questions about Germany. I enjoyed answering their various strange questions. I made a lot of friends and I started to hang out with them.Of course, there were a number of new things, and it took me the whole year to find them all out. I never got homesick. Perhaps it was because I did not have too many negative experiences and felt loved and welcomed there.However, I had undergone some painful experience back in Germany. I was frustrated by the way people would run me over and not even say "Sorry". Taking up my studies at the TU-Dresden, I felt lonely. Everybody here seemed to be withdrawn（离群的）and I missed everything I had in Cincinnati. Germany was so "cold". I found it so much harder to make new friends. I also flew back to Cincinnati several times for long periods. I felt that without those visits I was not able to make it.Now I am over this German culture shock. It almost took me an entire year. I am still going back and forward between Dresden and Cincinnati four times a year.12. When the author lived in Cincinnati?A. she lived in a real large castleB. some people were not very kind to herC. she lived in the biggest house in the neighborhoodD. many people were curious about her motherland13. The underlined word "undergone" in Paragraph 4 probably means.A. sufferedB. welcomedC. acceptedD. expected14. What can we learn about the author?A. She did miss her friends in Cincinnati when she was at the TU-Dresden.B. She lived with her mother in a big house in Germany.C. She never went back to Cincinnati after she came back to Germany.D. She seldom hung out with her American friends as she was too busy.15. What is the best title for this passage?A. University life in GermanyB. Advantages of living in USAC. My culture shock experienceD. How to be an au pair in USA其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

加油！有志者事竟成答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。

２、拿到试卷不要提笔就写，先大致的浏览一遍，有多少大题，每个大题里有几个小题，有什么题型，哪些容易，哪些难，做到心里有底；３、审题，每个题目都要多读几遍，不仅要读大题，还要读小题，不放过每一个字，遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目，手指点读，多读几遍题目，就能理解题意了；容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍，比如从小到大，从左到右这样的题；４、每个题目做完了以后，把自己的手从试卷上完全移开，好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题；试卷第１页和第２页上下衔接的地方一定要注意，仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题；５、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题，注意安排好时间，先把后面会做的做完，再来重新读题，结合平时课堂上所学的知识，解答难题；一定要镇定，不能因此慌了手脚，影响下面的答题；６、卷面要清洁，字迹要清工整，非常重要；７、做完的试卷要检查，这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题，检查的时候，用手指点读题目，不要管自己的答案，重新分析题意，所有计算题重新计算，判断题重新判断，填空题重新填空，之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。

亲爱的小朋友，你们好! 经过两个月的学习，你们一定有不小的收获吧，用你的自信和智慧，认真答题，相信你一定会闯关成功。

相信你是最棒的！答案一、【答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A二、【答案】2 3 1 5 4三、【答案】1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F四、【答案】1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B五.【答案】1.hospital 2.bored 3.coffee 4.kitchen 5.cheese六、【答案】1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A七、【答案】1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B八.【答案】1.places 2.walk 3.skipping 4.you 5.Where is九、【答案】picnic food supermarket bananas doesn’t十、【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A小学英语五年级上册1/ 1听力部分一、读一读，听一听，选择你所听到的单词。

绝密*启用前英语试卷2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二（科目代码:204)研考英语试卷条形码考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须在习题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生负责。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答案区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B签笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very__1__,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,__2__,a younger one.__3__,there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to__4__:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,__5__every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy__6__.Sometimes, parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a__7__style with their kids.I understand this.You're only human,and sometimes your kids can__8__you just a little too far.And then the__9__happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was too__10__and does nobody any good.You wish that you could__11__the clock and start over.We've all been there.__12__,even though it's common,it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may__13__for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your__15__with your kids,then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the__16__of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to maintain emotional control when__17__by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.Certainly,it's__18__to maintain patience at all times with your kids.A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with__19__situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and__20__from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for four days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation,including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,”says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________.[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats________.[A]can remember other rats'facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to actions than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats________.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals [C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates, gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about$18.9million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America's highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.Plus,virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,often with their own research and development.And beyond this,major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stockmarket reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations.[B]The general pay rise with a better economy.[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms.[D]Close cooperation among leading economies.pared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to______.[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite______.[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______.[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be______.[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEOs'Challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible termination.Mayor JoséLuis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines,ordering them restored.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork,city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe,Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the airon to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”,even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable.[B]It has been opposed by a judge.[C]It needs tougher enforcement.[D]Its fate is yet to be decided.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will.[A]arouse strong resistance[B]ensure Khan's electoral success[C]improve the city’s traffic[D]discourage car manufacturing34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents.[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and 1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose).Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.That's a big change from the previous generation.“Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,”notes Tanya Michelsen,Associate Director of YouthSight,a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular60-day surveys of British youth，in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.“Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability,because of the rise of the gig economy.They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.”36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are optimistic about the labor market[C]are in favor of office job offers[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A]what their parents expect of them[B]how valuable a counselor’s advice is[C]what a tough economic situation is like[D]how they differ from past generations38.The word"assuage"(Para.2)is closet in meaning to_____.[A]deepen[B]define[C]maintain[D]relieve39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs_____.[A]give top priority to professional training[B]have a clear idea about their future jobs[C]care little about their job performance[D]think it hard to achieve work-life balance40Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal,don’t hide,information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15people,much less 50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day,and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on yourside.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try to stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it's a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact,rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions.Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.It's common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see.Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don't overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results.Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while others are more straightforward.Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desiredoutcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world."Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn.These lessons are very important;they're how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are panning a tour of historical site for a group of international students.Write them an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)give them some tips for the tour.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）试题答案解析答案速查Section I Use of English1-5DBACA6-10BACDC11-15ACDBD16-20CDBAB Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25ADBCD26-30CDBDA31-35DDADB36-40DCDBBPart B41-45EFDACSection III Translation(见答案详解)Section IV Writing(见答案详解)答案解析1.【答案】D。

台南市立安順國中98學年度第一學期第二次定期考 二年級英語科 試題____年____班____號 姓名______________【※答案一律寫在答案卷上，否則不予計分】第一部分：聽力測驗（20%）一、聽CD ，若符合圖意或表格內容的選 A ，否則選 B ：（每題1分，共5分）1. (A) True. (B) False.2. (A) True. (B) False.3. (A) True. (B) False.4. (A) True. (B) False.5.二、聽CD ，選出最符合圖意的答案（每題1分，共5分）。

1.2. 3.4. 5.三、聽CD ，選出最適當的答案：（每題2分，共10分）1.(A) She eats loudly. (B) She eats quietly. (C) She doesn ’t eat ramen at all. 2.(A) With a fork. (B) With a knife. (C) With chopsticks.3.(A) A tree doctor. (B) An animal doctor. (C) A computer engineer. 4.(A) She plans to have fun there. (B) She plans to have a picnic there. (C) She plans to clean the beach. 5.(A) Because her baby cried all night. (B) Because she watched TV all night. (C) Because she drank too much tea.第二部分：綜合測驗（80%）一、文意選擇：（每題1分，共10分）1. Lisa: What are you going to prepare for the picnic? Eric: I am going to make some aboriginal food.(A) Take it easy. (B) Wait a moment. (C) Guess what? (D) I have no idea.2. Jolin: This Friday is a holiday.Simon: Nothing special. Just stay at home watching TV and surfing the Net.(A)What did you do? (B)What ’s on your mind? (C)What ’s wrong? (D)What happened? 3. Tina called Cindy last night, but she didn ’t the phone. (A) take (B) hold (C) bring (D) answer4. Sleeping Beauty woke up after the prince kissed her. (A) suddenly (B) however (C) final (D) then5. My English teacher Sleeping Beauty when he was talking about fables (寓言).(A) treated (B) mentioned (C) attacked (D) learned6. In the rain, my jacket got . After that, I touched Yao Ren Mao, my hands got .(A) dirty; blue (B) wet; red (C) clean; purple (D) poor; sick 7. How do people in Japan eat soup?(A) Eating noodles loudly is polite in Japan. (B) They can ’t use spoons. (C) They enjoy using chopsticks. (D) They hold their bowls to their mouths. 8. Many young men like to go surfing in summer. They look cool and sunny.(A) at the beach (B) in the mountain (C) in the forest (D) in the air9. Lily was brave on the stage (舞台) after her parents her, “You’re so pretty.”(A) fought (B) kept (C) praised (D) visited10. It’s to interrupt (打斷) other people when they are talking.(A) bad manners (B) careful (C) normal (D) polite二、語法測驗：（每題2分，共30分）1. Michael was very afraid of the black dog, so he threw his bag it.(A) at (B) for (C) on (D) by2. Jack was writing a letter when I .(A) going to bed (B) go to bed (C) was going to bed (D) went to bed3. The restaurant makes delicious chicken rice, so always full of people atmealtime.(A) it is (B) they are (C) there is (D) there are4. Kevin: Good afternoon, Sherry. Your sister is different today.Sherry: Really? Does she look thinner (更瘦的)? She just doing some work in my back yard.(A) finished (B) finishes (C) was finishing (D) finish5. Janet: What did you do my uniform, Peter?Peter: I’m sorry. I drew on it.(A) without (B) with (C) by (D) in6. After I , I was very hungry.(A) wake up (B) am waking up (C) woke up (D) was waking up7. Leo’s parents always tell(告訴) him, “Doing a doctor’s job in Taiwan is wonderful.”So, a doctor is his dream.(A) to do (B) to be (C) doing (D) be8. I helped my brother his math homework yesterday evening.(A) doing (B) does (C) did (D) do9. Good eating manners important for your date (約會).(A) are (B) have (C) is (D) does 10. these buns, and you can know my sister is good at baking.(A) Trying (B) To try (C) Try (D) Tries11. I practice a lot before the sports day.(A) swim (B) swimming (C) to swim (D) swam12. Jenny: interesting the comic book is! Bill: Yes, it is.(A) How about (B) What a (C) How (D) What13. Irene had bread and she got sick.(A) a lot (B) too much (C) too a lot (D) too many14. Watching the two movies a lot to me because my boyfriend put a ringin my hand during the showtime. However, it’s not important.(A) meant (B) means (C) mean (D) meaned15. During the meal, polite at all to wave knives and forks in the air.(A) they’re (B) they aren’t (C) it’s (D) it isn’t三、克漏字測驗：（每題2分，共10分）1. (A) What (B) Why (C) But how (D) Guess what2. (A) before (B) by (C) from (D) when3. (A) Sudden (B) Still (C) So (D) However4. (A) took (B) invited (C) visited (D) brought5. (A) brave (B) careful (C) strange (D) important四、閱讀測驗：（每題2分，共10分）1. Here are four stores near the Jones ’ family.Look at them and answer the questions.( ) 1. Mr. Jones is going shopping on Tuesday evening. How many of these stores can he go to?(A) One. (B) Two. (C) Three. (D) Four.( ) 2. On Friday morning, Mrs. Jones bought a present for her boss at eight thirty on her way to work. Which of the story did she go to? (A) FLINTON ’S. (B) HISHOP. (C) PADDY ’S. (D)SHOE MART. 2.Arnold ：Hey, Julie, what's in your hand?Julie ：A book about dinosaurs. My son is a big fan of Brachiosaurus. Arnold ：Branchi...what?Julie ： Brachiosaurus. B-R-A-C-H-I-O-S-A-U-R-U-S. Arnold ：Wow, it must be a BIG animal. Julie ：It is. It's the biggest dinosaur.Arnold ：Then, what does the smallest dinosaur look like? Julie ：Here! The Compsognathus is the smallest in the dinosaur world. It's about the size of a chicken!Arnold ：Well, I'm starting to feel interested in these animals. How many kinds of dinosaurs are there?Julie ：Oh, there are so many kinds of them. For example, the Tyrannosaurus rex is very terrible because it eats other dinosaurs. And the Pterodactylus can fly like a bird! Somepeople say it's not a dinosaur, but it's my favorite.Arnold ：Ha! It looks very funny. What would the world look like with so many interesting dinosaurs?Julie ： Interesting? You should feel lucky that they can be seen only in the museum, not onthe streets!ˉdinosaur 恐龍 like 像 feel interested in 對…感興趣的 kind 種類 ( ) 3. What is the biggest dinosaur in the world?(A) Brachiosaurus. (B) Compsognathus. (C) Pterodactylus (D) Tyrannosaurus rex.( ) 4.What is true about Arnold? (A) His son is a dinosaur fan.(B) He sells books about dinosaurs.(C) He is interested in knowing more kinds of dinosaurs. (D) He invites Julie to go to a dinosaur museum with him.( ) 5. What might the Pterodactylus look like?(A)(B)(C)(D)五、依提示作答：（每題2分，共10分）1. It is important for us to plan before the trip. (用動名詞開頭改寫)2. My sisters were making sandwiches at that time. (依畫線部分造原問句)3. John was late for school./John didn ’t like to do it. (合併成一句)4. No news means good news. (加入not …at al l ，並做適當變化)5. Dave wants to take a break. (依畫線部分造原問句)六、整句式翻譯：（1-6每格1分限填一字; 4-5每題2分，共10分） 1. Lisa 對我們不告而別。

1998年考研英语真题精解精析1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

1998年试题题型与1997年相比难度保持一致，但总体难度较往年略有上升。

翻译部分的文章难度加大。

所要求翻译的五个句子难度相当高，如果不仔细阅读原文，结合原文进行翻译将很难获得哪怕是一分的分值。

这也是1998年考题的一个显著特点。

SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文在关于工业革命对英国人民生活的影响问题上提出了两种对立的观点。

第一段讲述了第一种观点，是大部分历史学家的看法，即工业革命的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。

第二段讲述的是另一种人普遍持有的观点，即工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困，反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。

【英汉对照】41.[A]admitted(承认)[B]believed(相信，认为)[C]claimed(宣称，声称)[D]predicted(预测)42.[A]plain(平凡的)[B]average(普通的)[C]mean(平均的，卑鄙的)[D]normal(正常的)43.[A]momentary(片刻的，瞬息的)[B]prompt(及时的，迅速的)[C]instant(效果快速的，瞬即产生的)[D]immediate(直接的，立刻的)44.[A]bulk(绝大多数)[B]host(一大群，许多)[C]gross(总额，总量)[D]magnitude(大小)45.[A]On(关于)[B]With(随着)[C]For(为了)[D]By(通过……方式)46.[A]broadly(大体上，概括地，广泛地)[B]thoroughly(彻底地)[C]generally(广泛地，通常)[D]completely(完全地，全部地)47.[A]however(然而)[B]meanwhile(同时)[C]therefore(于是)[D]moreover(进而)48.[A]at(在……点)[B]in(在……方面)[C]about(关于)[D]for(为了)49.[A]manifested(表现，证明)[B]approved(同意，批准，赞同)[C]shown(指出，显示，说明)[D]speculated(指出，显示，说明)50.[A]noted(因……而著名)[B]impressed(被……留下深刻印象)[C]labeled(被视为……)[D]marked(具有……的特征)【核心词汇】abundance[E5bQndEns]n.丰富，充裕，大量critical[5kritikE]a.批评的,评论的;危急,紧要的;临界的,吹毛求疵的，批评严厉的；判断谨慎的（crit+ical形容词后缀→批判的）historian[his5tC:riEn]n.历史学家；史学工作者（history历史+ian→历史学家）majority[mE5dVCriti]n.多数,大多数,成年,法定年龄（major主要的+ity名词后缀→多数）misery[5mizEri]n.痛苦,悲惨,不幸，悲惨的境遇，贫苦（miser+y名词后缀→可怜）industrialization[in7dQstriElai5zeiFn]n.工业化（industrial工业的+ization）poverty[5pCvEti]n.贫穷,贫困；缺少,缺乏preceding[pri(:)5si:diN]a.在前的,在先的（preced+ing形容词后缀）prosperity[prCs5periti]n.繁荣,兴旺，发达，昌盛（prosper+ity名词后缀→繁荣）specialist[5speFElIst]n.专家；专科医生（special+ist人）【超纲词汇】populace[5pCpjulEs]n.百姓,平民【常用词组】in the long run从长远来看,终究speak of谈到,讲到;显示出……【答案与详解】41.答案→A考点→上下文语义+动词词义辨析解题技巧→文章开篇指出：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution，接着第二句又谈到，in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living。