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六级翻译辅导材料
一、单词翻译
1. infrastructure：基础设施
2. slim：苗条的
3. impoverish：使贫困
4. mitigate：缓和
5. confront：面对
6. thrive：蓬勃发展
7. grasp：把握
8. ambitious：雄心勃勃的
9. turmoil：动荡
10. imperative：紧迫的
二、句子翻译
1. 我们必须把握机遇，充分利用有限的资源：We must seize the opportunity and make full use of limited resources.
3. 无论如何，我们必须坚决面对挑战：In any case, we must confront the challenges resolutely.
5. 我们必须努力缓解贫困：We must strive to mitigate poverty.
6. 所以我们应该实施雄心勃勃的计划来改善经济状况：Therefore, we should implement ambitious plans to improve the economic situation.
7. 经济的繁荣是摆脱动荡的迫切需要：Prosperity of the economy is an imperative need to get out of turmoil.。
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use theirenergy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence andmanipulating（操纵）others . They are aware that there is a differencebetween being loved and acting loving, between being stupid andacting stupid, between being knowledgeable and actingknowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于2.pretence 虚伪，虚假6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶 )—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest.孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。
请大家准备一个练习本,在课外自己进行翻译练习. 一共有26条练习内容,大家至少应完成13条练习.虽然课堂上不会对这些材料进行讲解,但期末考试会有50分出自这些练习材料哦!英汉翻译：1. Translation Practice: 从理解的角度改进下列英语句子的汉语译文：(1) I will teach him to deceive others. 我要教训他一顿，看他还敢不敢欺骗他人。
(2) This thesis leaves much to be desired. 这篇论文有很多地方可以改进。
(3) A measure of calm gave signs of returning after the flood subsided. 洪水退去后，稍有恢复平静的迹象。
(4) We cannot ignore our neighbors; only at our peril can we ignore their distress.我们不能不顾及我们的邻邦：不顾及它们的安危，我们就只能陷入自身难保的境地。
(5) “It’s a gloomy thing, however, to talk about one’s own past, with the day breaking. Turn me in some other direction before I go.”不过，在天亮前谈个人的往事，真扫兴。
在我离开以前，谈点别的吧。
(6) The German invaders slaughtered the innocent civilians of the city to a man. Such atrocities were blamed throughout the world.德国侵略者屠杀了该城的无辜平民,无一幸免.这样的残暴行为遭到了全世界人民的谴责。
2. Translation Practice: 从表达的角度改进下面句子的汉语译文：(1) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. :门口放着一堆雨伞,少说有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一.(2) The study had three windows, set with little, old-fashioned panes of glass, each with a crack across it.书房里有三扇窗,每扇镶嵌的都是旧式的小块玻璃,玻璃上都已有裂痕。
第六章实用文本翻译(1)：时政文翻译时政翻译是我国对外宣传和政治文化交往中的一个重要组成部分，这一类文本大致可分为两类，一是关乎国家大政方针的政策文件，二是国家党政领导人的重要讲话，基本属于纽马克划分的“表达型文本”类型。
由于“表达型”文本的功能“核心”（core）是“作者”（writer）的思想表达，因而作者的“个性成分构成了‘表达型文本’的‘表达’要素”（The personal components constitute the ‘expressive’ element of an ex pressive text——Newmark，1988：40.），形成了表现作者个人语言风格的“个人习语”（idiolect），所谓“文如其人”。
例如有人讲话热情洋溢，非常地“eloquent”，有人讲话简短干脆，有人讲话则有点含混隐晦等等，多少都带有些鲜明的个人印记；而另一方面，作为政府的文件和文告，这类文本虽没有多少作者的个人印记，但它代表的是国家和政府，涉及到国家的大政方针、基本政策，涉及到政治影响和国家形象，因而具有极大的权威性，其内容是不容译者任意篡改和随意发挥、强加入译者的个人行为特点的。
因此，翻译中译者应尽可能地忠实于原文，“在语义、句法结构上尽其可能地用译文允许的形式将原文语境意义准确表达出来”（Newmark，1981：39），以彰显此类文本的“个性”（personal components）。
6．1 时政翻译的特点6．1．1 紧扣原文我国著名翻译家时政翻译的前辈程镇球先生就一直认为，对于这一类文本，翻译时“首先，要紧扣原文，不得任意增删”，“紧扣原文，有时原文的词序也要很好注意，不要轻易颠倒，避免犯政治性错误”（程镇球：2003）。
强调“紧扣原文”就是要突出“语义翻译”，即“尽可能地使用贴近原语的语义、句法结构将原文语境意义准确表达出来”。
他在文中列举了一些因打乱原文词序而以词害意，导致读者强烈反应的例子。
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合同的翻译一合同的翻译1 合同的翻译1.1 合同的特点(1) 标题(2) 首部(3) 正文(4) 尾部1.2 内容的专业性1.3 语言的严谨性1)用词规范例1：The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed part of this Contract. 整个合同期间,本合同的附件应被视为合同的一部分予以解释.例2:Permanent Works ” means the permanent word to be executed in accordance with the Contract. “永久工程”是指根据合同将实施的永久工程.比较下列两组词合同用词日常用词Terminate stopCommence beginBe deemed to be regarded asIn lieu of in place ofPrior to beforeWhatsoever whateverRequire askConsent agreeHereby by reason of thisHereof of thisHereto to thisHerein in thisHereafter later in the samecontract2) 句法结构严谨, 语言表达精确例: If the Subcontractor fails to commence and satisfactorily continue correction of a default within three working days after Receipt by the Subcontractor of the notice issued under Article 10.11, then the Contractor may, in lieu of or in addition to Article 10.11, issue a second written notice, by certified mail, to the Subcontractor and its surety, if any.2 合同的翻译1)力求措辞清晰，准确，避免歧义"…aftermy death, except getting part from all my properties to support my nephew xx to finish his undergraduate educati on, the rest will be distributed equally to my sons and daughter …” 例: 双方都应遵守合同的规定Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulation.例 : 双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定 .All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.例:(1) The sales company is given the same power with reference to apportioning the commission.(2) The buyers asked for credit and have given the Bank of China, Beijing Branch as a reference.例:If party A insists on its original quotation, party B will have to cover its requirements elsewhere.Party B shall cover the goods with particular average.In order to cover our order, we have arranged with the Bank of China, Dalian Branch, a credit for USD 86,000 2) 了解相关专业知识 例 : The lead Partner submits a copy of the short term cash flow which covers the period September 1997 to February Black highlights the main items of the cash flow which are the Endowment fund and the Advance payments as far as the Receipt is concerned and the down payment for TBMs and plants, purchase of fixed assets and the advance payment to subcontractors for the Expenditures.合同翻译实例 1 Contract of BusinessNo. 05327Date: May 18, 2002Buyers: Peter Company Limited (Co. Ltd)18 Lincoln Street,London, U.K.Sellers: John Hayde, Inc.20 Maiden Lane, New York, N.Y ., U.S.A.This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods on the terms and conditions started bellow;Name of Commodity: Printed Cotton Sheeting Specifications: No. 12730's X 30 's, 68x6035, 36 inch in width40 yards per pieceQuality: As per sample submitted by Peter Company Limited (Co. Ltd.) on March 9, 2002.Quantity: 40,000 yardsPrice: USD 6.6 per yard CIF LondonAmount: USD 264,000.00Shipment: Shipment with the first ten-day period of June 2002. Partial shipment not allowed.Destination: LondonTerms of payment: In order to cover the order, a credit for 100% value of goods will be arranged with the Bank of London against the commercial bills.This Contract is made in duplicate and each party shall keep on copy. This Contract shall come into force after the signature by the authorized representatives of both parties.(1) (2) (3)Buyers :Peter Company Limited (Co. Ltd.)Manager: (signature) 合同翻译实例 2Contract of International Transportation of GoodsThis Agreement is made this twentieth of October 2007 between The International Transportation Co. Ltd. Of 9 Sanchuan Road, the city of Weihai, Party A and The Far East Trading Co. Ltd. Of 12 Hongwei Road, the city of Nanhai, Party B. Witnesses:That Party A, in consideration of the agreement hereafter contained of Party B, contracts and agrees with Party B, that he will deliver, in good and marketable condition, to Party B, during the month of April, of next year, five thousand tons of coal, in the following lots, and on the following specified terms, viz. :one thousand tons by the seventh of April, one thousand tonsadditional by the fourteen of the month, one thousand tons more by t he twenty-first, and the entire five thousand tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of April.And party B, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment of this contract by Party A, contracts and agrees with Party A to pay for said coal 120 yuan (Renminbi) per ton for each ton as soon as delivered.In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties, it is hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other 600000 yuan (Renminbi) as fixed and settled damages.In witness whereof, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed in duplicate by their duly authorized representative.Party A: The International Transportation Co. Ltd.Mao Xihua Liu xiwen(Manager)Party B: The Far East Trading Co. LtdHan ZhongwuWu Qun(Manager)The party so failingFixed and settled damagesthe party so failing 违约一方 fixed and settled damages 商定的损失赔偿费 duly authorized representative 授权的代表 合同翻译实例 3购销合同合同编号：第 203089 号 合同签订地：北京 买方：中国化工进出口公司 公司地址：中国北京二里营 卖方：红顿化工有限责任公司 公司地址：美国纽约市凯瑟琳大街 1025 号Sellers: John Hayde, Inc. Manager: (signature)买卖双方协商一致，特指定本合同，同意按照合同条款的规定买卖以下货品。
