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2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考Ⅱ卷语文一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
网络空间是将人群聚集起来的一种新型社会空间，更是年轻一代学习、娱乐和交往的平台，为保证网络空间的有序，制定和遵守相应的规则是必要的。
不仅如此，网络空间还需要每个人对网上的其他人给予应有的尊重。
简言之，互联网不是法外之地。
网络行为是由网民的观念意识引导的，而文明的网络行为是在一系列文明的观念意识支配下形成的。
由于青年是网民的主体，其网络行为对网络空间的文明状况有极大影响，因此引导他们树立文明的网络行为观，无疑有助于网络行为失范的校正和网络空间的治理，有助于青年一代的健康成长。
网络规范必不可少，这已是共识。
但需要有什么样的规范，则是一个复杂的问题。
底线伦理或“负面清单”是共识性最强也是最起码的网络行为规范，通过明确“不能做什么”来列出的网络行为负面清单，通常也是具有法律强制性的禁区，构成最低层次的网络道德规范。
归纳学术界对网络失范行为的分析，我们可以从“五不”来认识网络行为的底线要求，或以此作为网民尤其是青年们文明上网的负面清单。
不伤害——网络行为者既不要有意作恶，也不能无意为恶，如在网上进行攻击、谩骂，诋毁他人的名誉，或侵犯他人的安全、自由、隐私和利益等。
不偷盗——在网络信息空间中，要像对待现实世界中的商品一样，以合法合规的方式获取所需的信任，抵制侵犯知识产权的不道德行为。
不造假——每一个网民要从不进行信息造假做起，确保自己在网上发送的信息是真实的，尤其是自媒体，不能为了吸引眼球而编造耸人听闻或哗众取宠的谣言。
不浪费——即不发生信息浪费的行为，向网络发送垃圾信息不但会造成网络资源的浪费，也会耗费网民的时间和精力。
信息时代工作效率的提高本来使我们获得了认知盈余，但网上的垃圾信息造谣与辟谣之间的拉锯战又无端消耗了我们的认知盈余。
不盲从——上网时保持冷静清醒的头脑，不轻信网络谣言而上当受骗，没有造谣的网民，就没有网谣的市场，网民就不会被网络污染的策划者所利用，不会不明真相卷入人肉搜索或网络围攻。
专题限时训练(二十)[社会生活型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)AI've spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I've learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesn't mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you're doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺诈)．Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and the other is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because it's how the locals often travel. Auto-rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip won't set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.1. The author is trying to ________ in Delhi through this text.A．give some advice of travellingB．expect us to travel aroundC．show his/her experiencesD．explain the difficulties of travelling2. To avoid being cheated, you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.A．pay more to the drivers to keep safeB．show your ticket to the driverC．go to a policerun boothD．go out of the airport3. The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________．A．save some moneyB．enjoy the comfortable tripC．gain a unique experienceD．help the local rickshaw drivers4. What can we infer from the passage?A．You won't have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.D．You'll have to speak English if you travel around in India.5. Which may be the topic that follows?A．Hotel recommendations in DelhiB．Weather conditions in DelhiC．Food and drink in DelhiD．Car rentals in DelhiBLife is to be enjoyed. There's no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better. When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, and manage stress better, they find that they feel so much better that it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. The latest studies show that when you exercise and eat right:YOUR BRAIN receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new neurons (神经细胞) to grow that it actually increased the size of people's brains!YOUR FACE receives more blood flow, so your_skin_glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, chronic emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly. Smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your arteries (动脉) to narrow down, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle earlier. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.YOUR GENES change. In May, a study was published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showing that changing your lifestyle changes your genes.YOUR TELOMERES (染色体端粒) get longer. Telomeres are the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) that control how long we live. As telomeres become shorter, then cells age more quickly, thus shortening your life.Besides, one of the most interesting findings in the study was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than what was really occurring in their lives. The researchers gave the women a questionnaire and asked them to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them. The women who were aware that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres compared with those who felt more relaxed. On the contrary, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed; if you feel fine, you are fine.1. Which of the following are good for lengthening one's life, according to the passage?①eat healthy food ②drink plenty of water③take exercise ④get up early⑤go to sleep early ⑥release one's stressA．①③⑥B．①②③C．①⑤⑥D．③④⑥2. The underlined words “your skin glows”in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to “________”．A．your skin becomes white as there is plenty of sunshineB．your skin becomes smooth as there is much blood in itC．your skin looks pink as you are healthyD．your skin becomes soft as you exercise enough3. In the author's opinion, when you exercise and eat right, you will experience some changes EXCEPT________．A．brains becoming clevererB．faces having fewer wrinklesC．arteries turning narrowerD．genes being changed4. From the last but one paragraph we learn that ________．A．mothers will have more damaged telomeres if they raise a disabled childB．mothers don't know how to handle stress effectivelyC．some women were asked to fill out a questionnaire about educating childrenD．mothers' positive attitudes are the key to managing their stress5. The best title for the passage would be “________”．A．Eat better, live betterB．Feel better, live longerC．Less stress, fewer diseasesD．Smoke more, age soonerCBig Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a programme which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7～17)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.V olunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positiveself-respect，confidence and life direction.Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10yearold girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.”Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure herself-worth”．Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer programme. “I googled it and found out how to be a part of it.I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.”Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!1. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?A．To offer students public services.B．To help students improve their grades.C．To organize sport activities for young people.D．To provide partnership and fun for young people.2. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________．A．24 hours B．36 hoursC．48 hours D．72 hours3. According to Emily's mother, this programme may provide Emily with ________．A．advice from her teachersB．a new way to assess herselfC．a new way to judge her schoolmatesD．more comments from her schoolmates4. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the programme?A．She used to be a volunteer.B．She needed a parttime job.C．She felt a bit bored with her life.D．She wanted to get a challenging job.5. According to the passage, “vulnerable young people” are probably those who are ________．A．popular at schoolB．rather weak physicallyC．easily hurt emotionallyD．confident in themselves专题限时训练(二十)A【要点综述】本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。
2021届高三二轮复习联考（二）新高考语文试题及答案2021届高三二轮复习联考（二）新高考卷Ⅰ语文试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间150分钟，满分150分―、现代文阅读（35分）(一）现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-5题。
材料一没有健康码乘车遇阻、现金支付遭拒……当前，不少老年人因不会上网、不会使用智能手机，在购物、出行、就医、消费等方面遇到不便，对其日常生活造成不小影响。
近日，国务院办公厅印发《关于切实解决老年人运用智能技术困难的实施方案》，引发了社会对老年群体遭遇“代际数字鸿沟”问题的高度关注。
“数字鸿沟”一词最早出现于20世纪90年代初，主要指教育背景、生活环境或社会经济地位不同导致不同群体在信息接收或技术应用方面存在较大差异。
代际数字鸿沟产生的原因主要是数字技术或者产品更新迭代的速度远远快于老年人智能技术学习的速度，这使父母与子女之间出现了信息接收和数字使用能力的巨大差异。
然而在互联网时代，数字化势不可挡，其触角延伸至生活的各个角落，如数字化教学、数字化出行、数字化支付、数字化办公甚至是数字化就医等。
因此，解决代际数字鸿沟，加快老年人进步的步伐，已经迫在眉睫，这需要政府、社区、家庭各方面的努力。
比如，通过设立专门的基金补贴，增强老年人智能手机的普及水平，简化应用，设计出适合老年人特点和知识水平的数字化设备和应用，帮助老年人克服数字化设备应用恐惧，提高老年人数字应用学习和普及效率。
同时，从家庭和社区入手，提高老年人群智能运用水平，发挥家庭与社区代际信息反哺能力，增强家庭与社区不同年龄人群之间智能应用知识和能力的学习与传播。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把等题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：十八世纪德国学者莱辛的《拉奥孔》是近代诗画理论文献中第一部重要著作。
从前人们相信诗画同质，直到莱辛才提出丰富的例证，用动人的雄辩，说明诗画并不同质。
据传说，希腊人为了夺回海伦，举兵围攻特洛伊城，十年不下。
最后他们佯逃，留着一匹腹内埋伏精兵的大木马在城外，特洛伊人看见木马，把它移到城内。
典祭官拉奥孔当时极力劝阻，说留下木马是希腊人的诡计。
他这番忠告激怒了偏心于希腊人的天神。
当拉奥孔典祭时，河里就爬出两条大蛇，把拉奥孔和他的两个儿子一齐绞死了。
这是罗马诗人维吉尔《伊尼特》第二卷里最有名的一段。
十六世纪在罗马发现的拉奥孔雕像似以这段史诗为蓝本。
莱辛拿这段诗和雕像互较，发现几个重要的异点。
因为要解释这些异点，他才提出诗画异质说。
据史诗，拉奥孔在被捆时放声号叫；在雕像中他的面孔只表现一种轻微的叹息，具有希腊艺术所特有的恬静与肃穆。
为什么雕像的作者不表现诗人所描写的号啕呢？希腊人在诗中并不怕表现苦痛，而在造型艺术中却永远避免痛感所产生的面孔筋肉挛曲的丑状。
在表现痛感之中，他们仍求形象的完美。
其次，据史诗，那两条长蛇绕腰三圈，绕颈两圈，而在雕像中它们仅绕着两腿。
因为作者要从全身筋肉上表现出拉奥孔的苦痛，如果依史诗，筋肉方面所表现的苦痛就看不见了。
同理，雕像的作者让拉奥孔父子赤裸着身体，虽然在史诗中拉奥孔穿着典祭官的衣服。
莱辛推原这不同的理由，作这样一个结论：“图画和诗所用的模仿媒介或符号完全不同，图画用存于空间的形色，诗用存于时间的声音。
题组一体验真题Passage 1体裁：记叙文话题：一次非同寻常的投递词数：254 时间：6′(2022·全国卷Ⅰ，C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier.Since March 2022, I’ve done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check－in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said：“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re－routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’v e got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。
2021年高考新课标全国卷ii语文试题及答案解析word版15、2021年高考新课标全国卷ii语文试题及答案解析word版适用地区：青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、吉林、黑龙江、云南、广西、辽宁、海南第i卷写作题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文宇，完成1-3}。
艺术品的拒绝接受在过去并不被作是关键的美学问}，20世纪解释学蓬勃发展一个名叫“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。
过去，通常只是从艺术家的立场启程，将创作看做艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品顺利完成就意味著创作顺利完成，而从拒绝接受美学的角度来看，这一顺利完成并不表明创作已经破灭.它只表明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来就是读者或现众、听众的再创作。
由于未被写作的作品的价值包含审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一。
艺术文本即为作品对于接受者来说具备什么意义呢?拒绝接受美学的创始人德国的伊瑟尔说道艺术文本就是一个“招唤结构”，因为文本存有“空白”“职位空缺”“驳斥”三个要素。
所谓“空白”，就是说道它存有一些东西没表达出来，作者急于不写或未明写下，必须接受者用自己的生活经验与想象回去补足；所谓“职位空缺”，就是语言结构导致的各个图像间的空白，接受者在写作文本时必须把一个个句子整体表现的图像片断连接起来，资源整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“驳斥”，指文本对接受者生活的现实具备驳斥的功能，它能够鼓励接受者对现实展开思考和抨击，由此可见，文本的招唤性须要接受者契合和协调，顺利完成艺术品的第二次创作，正像中国古典美学中的含蓄与简约，其非常有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的多样意象。
接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。
海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。
【名师伴你行】2021高考地理大二轮名师指导专题冲破提能专训地球运动（含解析）一、选择题随着海南国际旅行岛的成立，海南岛房地产业日渐升温。
如图是某房地产公司在海南开发的一梯两户式多层商品房平面示用意。
读图，回答1～2题。
1．假设在该楼北面再建一幢新楼，并要求新楼底层全年的正午均能晒到太阳，那么设计者在计划两楼间距时，需考虑该地______的正午太阳高度和________的高度。
( )A．冬至原楼B．夏至新楼C．春分原楼D．秋分新楼2．通过调查发觉，我国北方地域的衡宇建筑本钱比海南岛要高很多，要紧阻碍因素是( )A．地价B．气候C．经济D．抗震系数答案：1.A 2.B解析：第1题，为了保证楼房采光，应保证南北楼之间有足够的距离。
位于海南岛的楼房，一年中绝大部份时刻影子朝北，冬至日时正午太阳高度角最小，楼影最长；且楼影与楼高成正比。
因此，建设新(北)楼时应考虑原(南)楼的高度，重点考虑冬至日的正午太阳高度。
第2题，北方地域纬度高，冬季气候严寒，为保证冬季室内供暖，应增加衡宇建筑的保温材料及供暖设施，因此北方地域衡宇建筑本钱较高。
如图中，m、n别离为晨昏圈、经线圈上的一部份。
m、n相交于O、P两点，E、F为弧OP和线OP的中点。
读图，回答3～4题。
3．一年中O、P两点最大的纬度跨度是( )A．23.5° B．47°C．90° D．180°4．夏至日这一天，当E、F距离为最大时，那么( )B．F点显现极昼现象C．E点日夜平分D．F点昼永夜短答案：3.D 4.A解析：第3题，晨昏线与经线圈相交的最高纬度为90°，因此一年中O、P两点最大的纬度跨度是180°。
第4题，夏至日这一天，当E、F距离为最大时，说明F点位于赤道上，地址时为6时或18时，EF两地经度差为90°，因此E点的地址时为0时或12时。
2021年3月8日，拍照者在澳大利亚西南部努拉伯平原看到，日落的位置恰好在某直线铁路的两根铁轨间(如下图)。
镁铝及其化合物1．（2020·吴江汾湖高级中学高三月考）白钠镁矾(mNa2SO4⋅nMgSO4⋅xH2O)俗称硝板，工业上用白钠镁矾制备碱式碳酸镁[4MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅4H2O]晶须的过程如下：向碳酸钠溶液中加入白钠镁矾，保持50℃加热0.5h，有大量的5MgCO3⋅3H2O生成，然后升高温度到85℃加热2h发生热解反应，过滤得碱式碳酸镁晶须。
（1）热解反应的方程式为___。
（2）碱式碳酸镁可用作化学冷却剂，原因是___。
（3）为测定白钠镁矾的组成，进行下列实验：①取白钠镁矾3.340g溶于水配成100.00mL溶液A；②取25.00mL溶液A，加入足量的氯化钡溶液，得BaSO41.165g；为进一步确认沉淀是否已完全，可采取的操作是___。
③另取25.00mL溶液A，调节pH=10，用浓度为0.1000mol⋅L-1的EDTA标准溶液=MgY2-+2H+），滴定至终点，消耗标准溶液25.00mL。
滴定Mg2+（离子方程式为Mg2++H2Y2通过计算确定白钠镁矾的化学式。
___（写出计算过程）。
【答案】（1）5MgCO3⋅3H2O+2H2O4MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅4H2O+CO2↑（2）碱式碳酸镁分解吸热（3）向上层清液中继续滴加BaCl2溶液，若无白色沉淀再产生，则已经沉淀完1/ 22全 Na2SO4⋅MgSO4⋅4H2O【解析】（1）升高温度到85℃加热2h发生热解反应，过滤得碱式碳酸镁晶体，说明反应在溶液中进行，生成物为4MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅4H2O，方程式为5MgCO3⋅3H2O+2H2O4MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅4H2O+CO2↑，故答案为：5MgCO3⋅3H2O+2H2O4MgCO3⋅Mg(OH)2⋅4H2O+CO2↑；（2）①碱式碳酸镁可用作化学冷却剂，原因是碱式碳酸镁分解时吸收热量，故答案为：碱式碳酸镁分解吸热；（3）②为进一步确认沉淀是否已完全，就是检验溶液中是否含有24SO-，向上层清液中继续滴加BaCl2溶液，若无白色沉淀再产生，则已经沉淀完全，故答案为：向上层清液中继续滴加BaCl2溶液，若无白色沉淀再产生，则已经沉淀完全；③n(BaSO4)=n(24SO-)=1.165g233g/mol×100mL25mL=0.0200mol，n(Mg2+)=n(EDTA)×100mL25mL=0.1000mol⋅L−1×25.00×10−3L×100mL25mL=0.01mol，n(Na2SO4)=0.0200mol−0.01mol=0.01mol，n(H2O)= 3.340g-0.01mol142g/mol-0.01mol120g/mol18g/mol⨯⨯=0.04mol，n(Na2SO4)：n(MgSO4)：n(H2O)=0.01mol:0.01mol:0.04mol=1:1:4，化学式为Na2SO4⋅MgSO4⋅4H2O，故答案为：Na2SO4⋅MgSO4⋅4H2O。
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文一、现代文阅读〔 35 分〕〔一〕论述类文本阅读〔此题共 3 小题， 9 分〕所谓“被遗忘权〞，即数据主体有权要求数据控制者永久删除有关数据主体的个人数据，有权被互联网遗忘，除非数据的保存有合法的理由，在大数据时代，数字化，廉价的存储器，易于提取、全球覆盖作为数字化记忆开展的四大驱动力，改变了记忆的经济学，使得海量的数字化记忆不仅唾手可得，甚至比选择性删除所消耗的本钱更低，记忆和遗忘的平衡反转，往事正像刺青一样刻在我们的数字肌肤上；遗忘变得困难，而记忆却成了常态，“被遗忘权〞的出现，意在改变数据主体难以“被遗忘〞的格局，对于数据主体对信息进行自决控制的权利，并且有着更深的调节、修复大数据时代数字化记忆伦理的意义。
首先，“被遗忘权〞不是消极地防御自己的隐私不受侵犯，而是主体能动地控制个人的信息，并界定个人隐私的边界，进一步说，是主体争取主动建构个人数字化记忆与遗忘的权利，与纯粹的“隐私权〞不同，“被遗忘权〞更是一项主动性的权利，其权利主体可自主决定是否行使该项权利对网络上已经被公开的有关个人信息进行删除，是数据主题对自己的个人信息所享有的排除他人非法使用的权利。
其次，在数据快速流转且难以被遗忘的大数据时代，“被遗忘权〞对调和人类记忆与以往的平衡具有重要的意义，如果在大数据时代不能“被遗忘〞，那意味着人们容易被囚禁在数字化记忆的监狱之中，不管是个人的遗忘还是社会的遗忘，在某种程度都是一种个人及社会修复和更新的机制，让我们能够从过去的经验中吸取教训，面对现实，想象未来，而不仅仅背过去的记忆所束缚。
最后，大数据技术加速了人的主体身份的“被数据化〞，人成为数据的表征，个人生活的方方面面都在以数据的形式被记忆。
大数据所建构的主体身份会导致一种危险，即“我是〞与“我喜欢〞变成了“你是〞与“你将会喜欢〞；大数据的力量可以利用信息去推动、劝服、影响甚至限制我们的认同。
也就是说，不是主体想把自身塑造成什么样的人，而是客观的数据来显示主体是什么样的人，技术过程和结果反而成为支配人、压抑人的力量。
专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题【构建知识体系】主旨大意题考点1准确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意2021-2021年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考察分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜想202 1第一节剑桥科技节的活动通知应用文1662旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程记叙文向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍议论文学者对濒危语种进展记录拯救记叙文第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文信息匹配202第一关于伦敦运河博物应用文09511 节馆每月专题讲座安排的海报作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受记叙文介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况记叙文法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。
议论文第二节重建人际关系中的信任的意义及措施说明文信息匹配202 1第一节主要介绍了四位著名的女性的根本情况。
说明文1941主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住说明文在丈夫丧失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。
B以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。
借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出奉献。
科普说明文C美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair〔住家保姆〕from China〞。
透过现象提醒了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in 社会文化类C越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年〞。
有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。
但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。
社会现象议论类D从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。
广告应用类比202 1A主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演与歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。
2021年全国Ⅱ卷语文参考答案解析版一、现代文阅读(36 分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共 3 小题，9 分)1. C【解析】本题考查筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
答题时注意仔细阅读文章，找准有效答题区间，然后认真对比阅读，寻找细微的差别，仔细辨别真伪对错。
C 项，以偏概全。
文中第 4 段说“需要补充的是，当考察单篇文本的文体特征或者分析其内部结构时，数据量也会增长到个人无法处理的程度，所以上述对文本集合所做的讨论，在单篇文本层面也是成立的”,也就是说远读的方法也适用于单篇文本。
那么 C 项所说的“选择远读还是细读的方法，取决于阅读的对象是大规模的文本集合还是单篇文本”就不严密了。
2. A【解析】本题考查分析文章的论点、论据和论证方法的能力。
A 项所说文章区分计数与理解是为了论证计算机不能处理某些特定类型的文本，理解错误。
文本第二段开头所述区分“技术”与“理解”是在说明计算机擅长的是“计数”，而非“理解”，理解文本具体内容还必须依靠人。
3. B【解析】本题考查理解、概括文本观点、态度的能力。
做此类题时，第一步，把握题干信息要点；第二步，选项逐一对应文本相关语句，核对、比较、分析，最后判断正误。
A 项说人文研究主体，在数字人文中实现了从具体的学者个人向计算机的转变。
与原文矛盾，原文说“对远读结果的解读，仍然要依赖学者在细读文本基础上所建立起来的对文本领域的认知和理解，一句话，人的阅读不可替代”。
C 项所说的数字人文的价值在于将历史上未被注意和阅读的文本都进行数据化并做研究，缩小了文本概念内涵和外延。
数字人文的价值，不仅仅是对历史上未被注意和阅读的文本进行数据化，而对大规模的文本集合进行数据化研究。
D 项“远读的理念和做法体现出大数据时代文理融合的跨学科取向”其中“文理融合的跨学科取向”原文无依据。
(二)实用类文本阅读(本题共 3 小题，12 分)4.答案：B【解析】本题考查学生对文本内容的理解分析和概括筛选能力。
精心整理2021年普通高等学校招生统一考试全国II卷语文一、现代文阅读〔35分〕〔一〕论述类文本阅读〔此题共3小题，9分〕阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
青花瓷开展的黄金时代是明朝永乐、宣德时期，与郑和下西洋在时间上重合，这不能不使我们思考：航海与瓷器同时到达鼎盛，仅仅是历史的偶然吗？从历史事实来看，郑和下西洋为青花瓷的迅速崛起提供了历史契机。
近三十年的航海历程推动了作为商品的青花瓷大量生产与外销，不仅促进技术创新，使青花瓷到达瓷器新工艺的顶峰，而且改变了中国瓷器开展的走向，带来了人们审美观念的更新。
这也就意味着，如果没有郑和远航带来活泼的对外贸易，青花瓷也许会像在元代一样，只是中国瓷器的诸多品种之一，而不会成为主流，更不会成为中国瓷器的代表。
由此可见，青花瓷崛起是郑和航海时代技术创新与文化交融的硕果，中外交往的繁盛在推动文明大交融的同时，也推动了生产技术与文化艺术的创新开展。
作为中外文明交融的结晶，青花瓷真正成为中国瓷器的主流，那么是因为成化年间原料外乡化带来了民窑青花瓷的崛起。
民窑遍地开花，进入商业化模式之后，几乎形成了青花瓷一统天下的局面。
一种海外流行的时尚由此成为中国外乡的时尚，中国传统的人物、花鸟、山水，与外来的伊斯兰风格融为一体，青花瓷成为中国瓷器的代表，进而走向世界，最终万里同风，成为世界时尚。
一般来说，一个时代有一个时代的文化，而时尚兴盛那么是社会快速变化的标志。
因此，瓷器的演变之所以引人注目，还在于它与中国传统社会从单一向多元社会的转型同步。
瓷器的演变与社会变迁有着千丝万缕的联系，这使我们对明代有了新的思考和认识。
如果说以往人们所了解的明初是一个复兴传统的时代，其文化特征是回归传统，明初往往被认为是保守的，那么青花瓷的例子，那么可以使人们对明初文化的兼容性有一个新的认识。
事实上，与明代中外文明的交流顶峰密切相关，明代中国正是通过与海外交流而走向开放和进步的，青花瓷的两次外销顶峰就反映了这一点。
2021年新高考语文全国Ⅱ卷参考答案及解析一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
网络空间是将人群聚集起来的一种新型社会空间，更是年轻一代学习、娱乐和交往的平台，为保证网络空间的有序，制定和遵守相应的规则是必要的。
不仅如此，网络空间还需要每个人对网上的其他人给予应有的尊重。
简言之，互联网不是法外之地。
网络行为是由网民的观念意识引导的，而文明的网络行为是在一系列文明的观念意识支配下形成的。
由于青年是网民的主体，其网络行为对网络空间的文明状况有极大影响，因此引导他们树立文明的网络行为观，无疑有助于网络行为失范的校正和网络空间的治理，有助于青年一代的健康成长。
网络规范必不可少，这已是共识。
但需要有什么样的规范，则是一个复杂的问题。
底线伦理或“负面清单”是共识性最强也是最起码的网络行为规范，通过明确“不能做什么”来列出的网络行为负面清单，通常也是有法律强制性的禁区，构成最低层次的网络道德规范。
归纳学术界对网络失范行为的分析，我们可以从“五不”来认识网络行为的底线要求，或以此作为网民尤其是青年们文明上网的负面清单。
不伤害——网络行为者既不要有意作恶，也不能无意为恶，如在网上进行攻击、谩骂，诋毁他人的名誉，或侵犯他人的安全、自由、隐私和利益等。
不偷盗——在网络信息空间中，要像对待现实世界中的商品一样，以合法合规的方式获取所需的信任，抵制侵犯知识产权的不道德行为。
不造假——每一个网民要从不进行信息造假做起，确保自己在网上发送的信息是真实的，尤其是自媒体，不能为了吸引眼球而编造耸人听闻或哗众取宠的谣言。
不浪费——即不发生信息浪费的行为，向网络发送垃圾信息不但会造成网络资源的浪费，也会耗费网民的时间和精力。
信息时代工作效率的提高本来使我们获得了认知盈余，但网上的垃圾信息造谣与辟谣之间的拉锯战又无端消耗了我们的认知盈余。
不盲从——上网时保持冷静清醒的头脑，不轻信网络谣言而上当受骗，没有造谣的网民，就没有网谣的市场，网民就不会被网络污染的策划者所利用，不会不明真相卷入人肉搜索或网络围攻。
第二篇 专题六 第1讲一、选择题1．(2021·全国甲卷)设f (x )是定义域为R 的奇函数，且f (1＋x )＝f (－x ).若f ⎝⎛⎭⎫－13＝13，则f ⎝⎛⎭⎫53＝( C )A ．－53B ．－13C ．13D ．53【解析】 方法一：由题意得f (－x )＝－f (x )， 又f (1＋x )＝f (－x )＝－f (x )， 所以f (2＋x )＝f (x )，又f ⎝⎛⎭⎫－13＝13， 则f ⎝⎛⎭⎫53＝f ⎝⎛⎭⎫2－13＝f ⎝⎛⎭⎫－13＝13.故选C.方法二：由f (1＋x )＝f (－x )知函数f (x )的图象关于直线x ＝12对称，又f (x )为奇函数，所以f (x )是周期函数，且T ＝4⎪⎪⎪⎪0－12＝2， 则f ⎝⎛⎭⎫53＝f ⎝⎛⎭⎫53－2＝f ⎝⎛⎭⎫－13＝13，故选C.2．设函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧log 2(1－x )，x <0，22x -1，x ≥0，则f (－3)＋f (log 2 3)等于( B )A ．112B ．132C ．152D ．10【解析】依题意f (－3)＋f (log 2 3)＝log 2 4＋22log 2 3－1＝2＋2log 2 92＝2＋92＝132.3．设函数f (x )＝4x 23|x |，则函数f (x )的图象大致为( A )【解析】观察函数解析式发现，x 是以平方、绝对值的形式出现的，所以f (x )为偶函数，排除B ；当x >0时，f (x )＝4x 23x ，当x →＋∞时，f (x )→0，排除C ；因为f (2)＝4×2232＝169<2，选项D 中f (2)>2，所以D 不符合题意．4．(2022·济宁模拟)函数y ＝f (x )是定义域为R 的奇函数，且对于任意的x 1≠x 2，都有f (x 1)－f (x 2)x 1－x 2<1成立．如果f (m )＞m ，则实数m 的取值集合是( C )A ．{0}B ．{m |m ＞0}C ．{m |m ＜0}D ．R【解析】令g (x )＝f (x )－x ， 因为f (x )为奇函数，所以g (x )为R 上的奇函数，不妨设x 1＜x 2， 由f (x 1)－f (x 2)x 1－x 2<1成立可得f (x 1)－f (x 2)＞x 1－x 2，即f (x 1)－x 1＞f (x 2)－x 2，所以g (x 1)＞g (x 2)，即g (x )在R 上单调递减， 由f (m )＞m 得g (m )＞0＝g (0)， 所以m ＜0.故选C.5．定义在R 上的偶函数f (x )满足f (x ＋2)＝f (x )，当x ∈[－1，0]时，f (x )＝－x －2，则( B ) A ．f ⎝⎛⎭⎫sin π6>f ⎝⎛⎭⎫cos π6 B ．f (sin 3)<f (cos 3) C ．f ⎝⎛⎭⎫sin 4π3<f ⎝⎛⎭⎫cos 4π3 D ．f (2 020)>f (2 019)【解析】由f (x ＋2)＝f (x )，得f (x )是周期函数且周期为2，根据f (x )在x ∈[－1，0]上的图象和f (x )是偶函数可得f (x )在[0，1]上是增函数．对于A ，0<sin π6<cos π6<1，∴f ⎝⎛⎭⎫sin π6<f ⎝⎛⎭⎫cos π6，A 错误； 对于B ，0<sin 3<－cos 3<1，∴f (sin 3)<f (－cos 3)＝f (cos 3)，B 正确； 对于C ，0<－cos4π3<－sin 4π3<1， ∴f ⎝⎛⎭⎫cos 4π3<f ⎝⎛⎭⎫sin 4π3，C 错误； 对于D ，f (2 020)＝f (0)<f (2 019)＝f (1)，D 错误．6．定义新运算⊕：当a ≥b 时，a ⊕b ＝a ；当a <b 时，a ⊕b ＝b 2.则函数f (x )＝(1⊕x )x －(2⊕x )，x ∈[－2，2]的最大值为( C )A ．－1B ．1C ．6D ．12【解析】当－2≤x ≤1时，f (x )＝x －2； 当1<x ≤2时，f (x )＝x 3－2.又∵y ＝x －2，y ＝x 3－2在R 上都为增函数，且f (x )在x ＝1处连续， ∴f (x )的最大值为f (2)＝23－2＝6.7．(2020·全国Ⅱ)设函数f (x )＝ln |2x ＋1|－ln |2x －1|，则f (x )( D ) A ．是偶函数，且在⎝⎛⎭⎫12，＋∞单调递增 B ．是奇函数，且在⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，12单调递减 C ．是偶函数，且在⎝⎛⎭⎫－∞，－12单调递增 D ．是奇函数，且在⎝⎛⎭⎫－∞，－12单调递减 【解析】f (x )＝ln |2x ＋1|－ln |2x －1|的定义域为⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ⎪⎪x ≠±12. 又f (－x )＝ln |－2x ＋1|－ln |－2x －1| ＝ln |2x －1|－ln |2x ＋1| ＝－f (x )，∴f (x )为奇函数，故排除A ，C. 当x ∈⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，12时， f (x )＝ln (2x ＋1)－ln (1－2x )＝ln 2x ＋11－2x ＝ln ⎝⎛⎭⎫－1＋21－2x . ∵y ＝－1＋21－2x 在⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，12单调递增， ∴由复合函数的单调性可得f (x )在⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，12上单调递增．故排除B. 当x ∈⎝⎛⎭⎫－∞，－12时， f (x )＝ln (－2x －1)－ln (1－2x )＝ln －2x －11－2x＝ln2x ＋12x －1＝ln ⎝⎛⎭⎫1＋22x －1，∵y ＝1＋22x －1在⎝⎛⎭⎫－∞，－12上单调递减， ∴由复合函数的单调性可得f (x )在⎝⎛⎭⎫－∞，－12上单调递减． 故选D.8．对任意实数a ，b ，定义运算“⊙”：a ⊙b ＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a ，a －b ≤2，b ，a －b >2.设f (x )＝3x +1⊙(1－x )，若函数f (x )与函数g (x )＝x 2－6x 在区间(m ，m ＋1)上均为减函数，则实数m 的取值范围是( C )A ．[－1，2]B ．(0，3]C ．[0，2]D ．[1，3]【解析】由题意得f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧－x ＋1，x >0，3x +1，x ≤0，∴f (x )在(0，＋∞)上单调递减，函数g (x )＝(x －3)2－9在(－∞，3]上单调递减．若函数f (x )与g (x )在区间(m ，m ＋1)上均为减函数，则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m ≥0，m ＋1≤3，得0≤m ≤2.故选C.二、填空题9．设函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x ＋1，x ≤0，4x ，x >0，则满足f (x )＋f (x －1)≥2的x 的取值范围是__⎣⎡⎭⎫12，＋∞__．【解析】∵函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x ＋1，x ≤0，4x ，x >0，∴当x ≤0时，x －1≤－1，f (x )＋f (x －1)＝2x ＋1＋2(x －1)＋1＝4x ≥2，无解；当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x >0，x －1≤0，即0<x ≤1时， f (x )＋f (x －1)＝4x ＋2(x －1)＋1＝4x ＋2x －1≥2，得12≤x ≤1；当x －1>0，即x >1时，f (x )＋f (x －1)＝4x ＋4x -1≥2，得x >1. 综上，x 的取值范围是⎣⎡⎭⎫12，＋∞.10．(2021·山西太原模拟)若a ＞0且a ≠1，且函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a x ，x ≥1，ax ＋a －2，x <1，在R 上单调递增，那么a 的取值范围是__(1，2]__．【解析】 a >0且a ≠1，函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a x ，x ≥1，ax ＋a －2，x <1在R 上单调递增，可得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a >1，a ≥2a －2，解得a ∈(1，2].11．对于函数y ＝f (x )，若存在x 0使f (x 0)＋f (－x 0)＝0，则称点(x 0，f (x 0))是曲线f (x )的“优美点”．已知f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2＋2x ，x <0，kx ＋2，x ≥0，若曲线f (x )存在“优美点”，则实数k 的取值范围是__(－．【解析】当x <0时，f (x )＝x 2＋2x 关于原点对称的函数是y ＝－x 2＋2x (x >0)， 由题意得，y ＝－x 2＋2x (x >0)与y ＝kx ＋2有交点， 即－x 2＋2x ＝kx ＋2(x >0)有解，∴k ＝－x －2x ＋2(x >0)有解，又－x －2x ＋2≤－22＋2，当且仅当x ＝2时等号成立，∴k ≤2－2 2.12．(2020·全国Ⅲ)关于函数f (x )＝sin x ＋1sin x 有如下四个命题：①f (x )的图象关于y 轴对称； ②f (x )的图象关于原点对称； ③f (x )的图象关于直线x ＝π2对称；④f (x )的最小值为2.其中所有真命题的序号是__②③__． 【解析】∵f (x )＝sin x ＋1sin x的定义域为{x |x ≠k π，k ∈Z }， f (－x )＝sin (－x )＋1sin (－x )＝－sin x －1sin x ＝－f (x )，∴f (x )为奇函数，关于原点对称，故①错误，②正确． ∵f ⎝⎛⎭⎫π2－x ＝cos x ＋1cos x ， f ⎝⎛⎭⎫π2＋x ＝cos x ＋1cos x ， ∴f ⎝⎛⎭⎫π2－x ＝f ⎝⎛⎭⎫π2＋x ，∴f (x )的图象关于直线x ＝π2对称，故③正确．当x ∈⎝⎛⎭⎫－π2，0时，f (x )<0，故④错误． 三、解答题13．(2020·江苏省南京市高三联考)已知f (x )是定义在区间(－1，1)上的奇函数，当x ＜0时，f (x )＝x (x －1).已知m 满足不等式f (1－m )＋f (1－m 2)<0，求实数m 的取值范围．【解析】当x ＜0时，f (x )＝x (x －1)，可得f (x )在(－1，0)上单调递减；由f (x )是定义在区间(－1，1)上的奇函数，可得f (x )也是区间(－1，1)上的减函数． 因为f (1－m )＋f (1－m 2)<0， 所以f (1－m )<f (m 2－1)，可得如下不等式组：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧－1<1－m <1，－1<m 2－1<1，1－m >m 2－1，得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧0<m <2，0<m <2或－2<m <0，－2<m <1，解得：0<m <1.所以实数m 的取值范围为(0，1).。
2021-2022年高考英语二轮复习第一部分题型专题方略专题一阅读理解第五讲篇章结构题针对训练(xx·山东济南调研)Too often in life，we focus on the things we cannot do.Sometimes we cannot do things because of financial limitations，health limitations，family limitations，educational limitations，and soon.Sometimes，we end up limiting ourselves from achieving success in reaching our goals.We end up having a negative attitude which limits our ability to achieve success and happiness in our life.Through the Internet，I have recently met an individual whom I found to be very inspiring.He has a positive attitude；he focuses on what he can do.To name a few of his acplishments：he has set a world record，and is in the Guinness Book of World Records；he is an international poet with over 900 publications；he is an advocate for the disabled；he is the founder of Beyond Limitations Week；he is an ambassador for the Harvey Ball World Smile Foundation；he has created his own website—http：//wheelierecord.Tripod.corn/ index，html.And the list could go on!The individual is Robert M．Hensel.You see，Robert was born spina bifida，a disability that affects the sense of balance and also has an impact on the kidneys.Robert could have easily used his disability tolimit his achievements，yet he has acplished more than many.His attitude to life is one that，for me，is inspiring！To quote Robert，“I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed，showing other ways to meet our needs.Now I look beyond what I can’t do and focus on what I can.”Let Robert be a reminder for changing e his motto of not focusing on what you can’t do，but focus on what you can do!【解题导语】本文以患有先天性脊柱裂的Robert M．Hensel最后取得成功的事例告诉我们：只要我们专注于自己能够做到的事情，每个人都可以获得成功。
全国高考第二轮专题突破卷英语专题一：阅读理解（一）考生注意：1、本卷满分100分，考试试卷40分钟。
2、本专题中的阅读文章体裁主要包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。
Passage1.（2021·天津南开区·高三一模）Buckingham Palace Tour Watching the traditional changing of the guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace is a must when in London, and on this 4.5-hour you’ll get to experience this event, as well as other typical British traditions. The package combines three major attractions: the changing of the guard, a tour of the State Apartments and traditional afternoon tea. The guided tour passes through St. James Park before stopping to watch the guard ceremony with soldiers dressed in traditional uniforms, followed by entry into Buckingham Palace for an audio tour. After, travelers will head to a luxury hotel for traditional afternoon tea, scones and sandwiches.Thames River Sightseeing CruiseAfternoon tea is a British tradition, and to make this casual, elegant experience even more relaxing, you can combine it with a sightseeing cruise of London’s Thames River, the main waterway that flows through the heart of the city. Board a window-lined vessel for an hour-and-a-half voyage from Tower Pier to Westminster that includes traditional tea service with pastries, scones and sandwiches. The boat will float past iconic sites like the Tower of London, Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament and the London Eye, as well as Shakespeare’s famous Globe Theatre. On the return, feel free to wander the outside deck for photos and listen to informative commentary (解说) from the staff.London Royal Parks Bike TourLondon has so me spectacular parks that are located among the city’s most famous attractions and a guided bike tour is a fun and relaxing way to cover a lot of ground quickly and experience these lovely public spaces. Thefour-hour, morning or afternoon bike tour begins in Central London where bicycles and helmets are issued, followed by a leisurely ride through Westminster to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey and Big Ben with narration from the tour guide followed by busy Trafalgar Square. Next, the ride heads to all four Royal Parks: Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Green Park and St James’s Park. Before returning to the start, riders can visit the Princess Diana Memorial at Kensington Palace.Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day TripIf you’re interested i n exploring some of the world-famous attractions outside of London, consider booking the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. The full-day tour departs from London in an air-conditioned bus, spans about nine hours and includes three of England’s architectural gems. The first stop is the Queen’s official residence: Windsor Castle for audio tours and a chance to see the changing of the guard followed be free time to explore the streets of Windsor. Next up is a visit to the mysterious UNESCO site of Stonehenge, followed by a walking tour of the city of Oxford. Along the way, the guide points out historical landmarks and other attractions and provides an in-depth commentary. Food and beverages (酒水) are not included, but you can pick something up in Windsor.1．Which tour is the shortest?A．Buckingham Palace Tour. B．Thames River Sightseeing Cruise.C．London Royal Parks Bike Tour. D．Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?A．Visitors can watch the changing of the guard with the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. B．A Thames River Sightseeing Cruise can take you through the center of London.C．You must have your helmet ready before joining the London Royal Parks Bike Tour.D．Buckingham Palace Tour will offer an afternoon tea in a luxury hotel.3．All the above tours are in London, except .A．Buckingham Palace Tour B．Thames River Sightseeing CruiseC．London Royal Parks Bike Tour D．Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip4．If you choose the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip, you may________.A．see three gems B．visit the Queen’s homeC．board a vessel D．visit the Princess Diana MemorialPassage 2（2021·江苏南通市考试）My love for libraries blossomed when I joined the public library.From the age of 8, I was allowed to walk from my home to the downtown library, housed above the police station.Once the librarian (图书管理员) gave me my first membership card, I could enjoy a range of books, which started with Little House in the Big Woods.I was addicted instantly, and this love of libraries and reading would change my life, allowing me to one day create a safe space for high-school kids, too.By the time I was in high school, I could read the authors that we were studying in class, including Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Emily Bronte. During the summer months, I got caught up in Gone with the Wind and Anna Karenina.When I studied English literature at university, I thought it was time to build my own library. For the next 40 years, I continued to collect books. Until one day, I realized that all my books had become a part of the house, like wallpaper.Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher-librarian at my old high school, where I had first learned English literature. This position resumed (恢复) my love and appreciation for libraries. I never forgot how wonderful it was to be surrounded by books.I had a generous budget (预算) for my classes, so I searched for novels that would interest my teenage audience and hopefully spark (激发) a love of books. Fantasy, science-fiction, graphic novels – I bought almost any type of book that my students wanted to read.I bought sofas and comfortable chairs, turning the library into an inclusive (包容的) public space, safe for everyone.In doing so, I realized that the library isn’t just a place to do research. They are, in fact, places that offer an opportunity to engage with the past, present and future. All that is required is a tiny bit of curiosity. Libraries are places that should be full of life. They help us adjust to the world, and their doors must be kept open to everyone –for free!5．What can we learn about the author during her school time?A．She enjoyed literature very much. B．She didn’t have money to buy books.C．She didn’t get along well with her parents. D．She usually stayed home during the summer holidays. 6．Which of the following can best describe the author after she became a librarian?A．Gentle. B．Devoted. C．Humorous. D．Independent.7．What does the author think of libraries?A．They are places mainly used for research. B．They help people to connect with the world. C．They should be profitable. D．They should be set up mainly in high schools. 8．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the article?A．To tell readers how to make full use of libraries. B．To tell readers what she learned from books. C．To show her love for reading and libraries. D．To show how much she missed being a teacher.Passage 3（2021·安徽高三）The Earth is losing some of its major freshwater supplies. But the water is not in lakes or rivers. They are called “aquifers”(含水层). They formed deep underground as the Earth developed. Some aquifers are so deep that water from very heavy rains cannot reach them through all the rock and dirt.Many aquifers provide irrigation (灌溉)water for crops. These freshwater are helping farmers in many countries. A new report says some aquifers are being emptied.Irrigated agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent or more of freshwater use worldwide. A growing part of that comes from underground aquifers because of dry weather or farmers growing crops in areas with little rainfall.But researchers say taking water from aquifers is creating a large problem. Scientists warn that there is not much that can be done to repair them. It is difficult to measure groundwater because it is so deep underground. It is also difficult to know how much water is there and where it is. The water from these aquifers may not be replaced for hundreds of years.The report says seven countries use the most non - renewable groundwater for agricultural production. The seven are the United States. India, Pakistan, China, Mexico and Saudi Arabia. The United States is one of the world's major exporters of food. If China and India use up the groundwater they need to feed their populations, they would be forced to buy more food. This increased demand could cause food prices to rise.The study shows that, while countries like Somalia are dealing with little rainfall, the world may someday face an underground drought. It's a really global issue. All countries around the world are facing this challenge. We don't have any great solutions or strategies to deal with this. So, at the very least, we need to have discussions to come up with new ways, new strategies that recognize this problem and manage how we might adjust our policies (调整政策).Any strategy must balance the short-term need for food for the world with the long-term survival of the Earth's aquifers.9．Why is it difficult to recover underground water?A．More water is drawn than it is added. B．The Earth still lacks rainwater.C．It is too deep for rainwater to reach. D．Researchers know nothing about it.10．What's the result of the disappearance of underground water?A．The US will benefit from it. B．More rains will reach aquifers.C．Fresh water in lakes or rivers will also disappear. D．Food will become more expensive.11．How does the author feel when stating the fact in the text?A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Encouraged. D．Optimistic.12．What may be the best title for the text?A．No Ways Can Save Underground Water B．The Earth’s Underground Water Is Being Emptied C．Agriculture Is Destroying Underground Water D．Everyone's Duty Is to Protect Underground WaterPassage 4（2021·安徽高三考试）Members of a native community in the arctic (北极的)areas of Sweden say their reindeer (驯鹿)are facing possible hunger from unusual weather related to climate change. The local Sami community takes care of about 8,000 reindeer throughout the year. The animals are moved between traditional feeding areas in high mountains close to Norway in the summer and forests farther east in the winter.A community member, Inga, is worried about his reindeer. He said climate change has affected the area's weather activity and created food shortages. "If we don't find better areas for them where they can feed themselves and find food, the reindeer will die from hunger,” Inga said. He verified the problem by reaching down into the snow and pulling up a hard piece of ice close to the soil.The area received unusual snowfall early in the fall, followed by rain that froze. Inga said this traps the plants that reindeer eat under a thick cover of ice. Some of the hungry reindeer have now moved away from their traditional feeding areas in search of food.Community members say half the reindeer moved towards the east as planned. But the rest headed back to the mountains, where they face the risk of attacks by other animals or being caught in an avalanche (雪崩). Older members of the Sami community say that in the past, they only remember bad winters about once every ten years. But now, Inga says “extreme and strange weather are appearing more and more often,“ happening several times a year.Snowfall is common for the area. But as temperatures increase, rain can also fall, creating a “rain-on-snow” effect. When this happens, food remains trapped under the ice where the reindeer cannot reach it. This causes the animals to grow weaker and struggle to make it through the winter. Weather changes have hit the Sami communityhard.“We don't want money because we can’t buy better weather with money. We need the EU to take action and they need to do it now,“ said Inga.13．What problem do reindeer meet with at present?A．Cold weather. B．Risk of hunger.C．Long march for food. D．Polluted environment.14．Wh at does the underlined word “verified" in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Proved. B．Solved. C．Ignored. D．Answered.15．What problem would the reindeer back in the mountains face?A．Traps under the snow. B．Hunt from human beings.C．Rocks falling down the mountain. D．Threat from other animals.16．What is causing the reindeer s present difficult situation?A．Flood. B．Drought. C．Rain-on-snow effect. D．Snowfall.Passage 5（2021·江苏扬州市·高三开学考试）You’ve probably seen ads for apps promising to make you smarter i n just a few minutes a day. Hundreds of so-called “brain training” programs can be bought for download.These simple games are designed to challenge mental abilities, with the ultimate goal of improving the performance of important everyday tasks.But can just clicking away at animations of swimming fish or flashed streets signs on your phone really help you improve the way your brain functions?Two large groups of scientists and mental health practitioners published consensus statements, months apart in 2014, on the effectiveness of these kinds of brain games.Both included people with years of research experience and expertise in cognition (认知), learning, skill acquisition, neuroscience and dementia (痴呆). Both groups carefully considered the same body of evidence available at the time.However, they issued exactly opposite statements.One concluded that “there is little evidence that playing brain games improves potential broad cognitive abilities, or that it enables one to better handle a complex condition of everyday life.”The other argued that “a large and growing body of evidence shows that certain cognitive training methods can significantly improve cognitive function, including in ways that generalize to everyday life.”Brain training programs are an attractive shortcut, a “get smart quick” scheme. But improving or maintaining cognition is likely not going to be quick and easy. Instead, it may require a lifetime — or at least an extended period – of cognitive challenge and learning.If you’re worried a bout your cognition, what should you do?First, if you do engage in brain games, and you enjoy them, please continue to play. But keep your expectations realistic. If you’re playing only to obtain cognitive benefits, instead consider other activities that might be as cognitively inspiring, or at least more rewarding — like learning a new language, for instance, or learning to play a musical instrument.17．How did the scientists make their findings?A．By collecting statistics from research. B．By observing available evidence.C．By recording cognitive changes. D．By comparing the differences.18．The second study could possibly lead to _____.A．solutions to cognitive difficulty B．promotion of puzzle gamesC．new ways to improve cognitive function D．further research into brain training19．What does the author think of puzzle games?A．It is completely illegal. B．It is of much practice.C．It is hardly acceptable. D．It is of little value.20．What could most probably be discussed in the following paragraph?A．The examples of cognitive activities. B．The tips on playing cognitive games.C．The disadvantages of puzzle games. D．The affection for puzzle games.全国高考第二轮专题突破卷英语专题一：阅读理解（一）考生注意：3、本卷满分100分，考试试卷40分钟。
