2014考研英语翻译专有名词：经贸

2014年考研英语真题参考答案（翻译题） 2014年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试已经结束，为了⼤家更好的估分，店铺考研频道为您第⼀时间发布2014年英语考研真题及答案解析，欢迎⼤家阅读参考。

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2014年考研英语考试已结束，2014年考研英语翻译题参考答案，⼀起来看看吧! 2014年的考研英语终于在今天下午落下帷幕，今年的翻译题难度基本与往年持平，对于有些同学来说或略有简单。

预计平均分会等于或⾼于往年，下⾯我们逐个分析翻译的句⼦： 46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself. 此句考察的主要是it形式主语和时间状语从句，注意articulate our reactions to it的翻译，此处可理解为清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，其他的部分我们⽐较好理解。

参考答案：这也是为什么当我们尝试⽤语⾔来描述⾳乐时，我们能清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，但并没有领会⾳乐的精髓。

47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let along the performance, of his works. 此句考察的是并列句与插⼊语，我们可以逐个翻译and链接的语群，重点理解by all accounts: 据⼤家所说。

let along the performance：更不⽤说表演，根据语境我们可以与作品⼀起翻译为：他作品和他演出。

Underwriting standards 承保标准Unsound management practices 不健全的管理行为Excessive leverage 过度举债Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Credit crunch 信贷紧缩Budget deficit 预算赤字Capital flows 资本流动High yield 高收益Macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策Trade protectionism 贸易保护主义Subprime crisis 次贷危机Subprime mortgage 次贷Tax haven 避税天堂Private/public sector 私/公营部门Public spending 公共开支Anti-dumping suit 反倾销诉讼Gross domestic product 国内生产总值Balance sheet资产负债表Property developer 房地产开发商Equity financing 增股筹资Retail sale零售额Corporate fleets 旗舰式公司Mini-depression 微型萧条Interbank rates 银行同业拆借率Money/credit supply 货币/信贷供给Junk bond 垃圾债券Corporate bond 公司债券Estate agent 房地产经纪人Mortgage brokers 抵押贷款经纪人Industrial output 工业产值Capital goods 资本货品Big-ticket items 高价物品Home appliance 家庭用具Job market 就业市场Credit rating 信用评级Migrant workers 农民工Down-payment 首付Slump=depression 萧条Command economy 计划经济Capitalist economy 资本主义经济Bad loan(non-performing loans)坏账Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作发展组织Trade surplus/deficit/balance贸易顺/逆差/平衡Letter of credit 信用证Infrastructure 基础设施Competitiveness 竞争力Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Emerging economies 新兴经济体Newly industrializing economies 正在工业化的新经济体Engine of economic growth 经济增长的动力International trade 国际贸易The living standard 生活水平Foreign exchange 外汇Research and Development(R&D)programs研发计划Productive factors 生产要素Productivity生产率Production capability 生产能力Self-sufficiency 自给自足Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东盟Mercosur 南美共同体The Gulf Cooperation Council 海湾合作理事会Absolute advantage 绝对利益Comparative advantage 比较利益Factor endowment 要素禀赋The Leontief paradox 里昂惕夫悖论Product life-cycle 产品生命周期理论The “Gravity” model of trade 贸易的万有引力模式Mercantilism/t 重商主义/者Neo-Mercantilism/t新重商主义/者International division of labor 国际分工Opportunity cost 机会成本Production possibility frontier 生产可能性边界Zero-sum game 零和游戏Absolute cost disadvantage 绝对成本劣势Factor costs 生产要素成本The volume of production 产量Cost behavior 成本变动形态Manufactured items 工业制品Volume advantage 产量优势Quality products 高质量产品The Heckscher-Ohlin theory 赫-俄要素禀赋论Competitive advantage(edge) 竞争优势Home market 国内市场Production process 生产工序First-mover advantage 先人一步优势Economies of scale 规模经济The distribution of income 收入分配Introduction stage 引进阶段Technological breakthrough 技术上的突破Growth/maturity/decline stage 增长/成熟/衰退阶段Business executives 企业高层管理人员The trade cycle model 贸易周期模式Monopoly 垄断Entrepreneur 企业家Marketers 营销人员Export sourcing 寻找出口来源Voluntary export restrains(VERs) 自愿出口限制Non-tariff trade barriers非关税贸易壁垒Quota 配额Subsidies 补贴Infant industry 新兴工业National income 国民收入Consortium 联合合伙联合企业To pay lip service to something 口惠The big Three U.S. auto makers汽车制造业三巨头Get-tough approach 变得强硬的方法Bargaining tool 讨价还价的工具GM(genetically modified) food 转基因食品Coalition forces 联军Foreign exchange markets 外汇市场Im~/Export sector 进出口部门Securities 证券Current-account deficit 经常项目逆差Currency markets 货币市场Specific/Ad valorem tariff 从量/从价税Protective tariff 保护性关税Punitive tariff 惩罚性关税Cash grants 现金赠款Tax breaks 税额减免Foreign sourcing 国内公司采购外国配件Import substitution 进口替代Profit margin 利润率Customs inspector 海关检查人员Industrial structure 产业结构Preferential treatment 优惠待遇Equity participation in domestic firm 在国内公司中参股Trade sanction 贸易制裁Patent/copyright/labor law 专利/版权/劳动法The Universal Copyright Convention 万国版权公约Accord 国与国之间的协议Copyright piracy 版权侵犯Preferential Trade Arrangements 优惠贸易安排Free Trade Area 自贸区Customs Union 产业联盟Economic Union 经济联盟Political Union 政治联盟Im/emigration移民入/出境Regional economic integration 地区经济一体化Fiscal/employment/industrial policy 财政/就业/产业政策Intermediate product 中间产品Trade volume 贸易量Common market 共同市场European Economic Community 欧共体APEC 亚太经合组织Bilateral relations 双边关系Trading partner 贸易伙伴Economic powers 经济强国All-around dialogue-partnership prosperity 全面对话伙伴Strategic partnership 战略伙伴关系Exchange rate 汇率Foreign currency 外币Fixed exchange-rate 固定汇率Floating exchange-rate 浮动汇率Foreign exchange market 外汇市场International reserves 国际储备Central bank 中央银行Balance of payments 国际收支Balance-of-payments position(BOP position)（头寸）With offshore holdings 持有的海外资产Financial markets 金融市场（capital markets、money markets、foreign exchange markets）Currency regime 货币制度Power tools动力器械Current-account deficit 经常项目账户逆差Budget(budgetary) deficit 财政赤字Property market 房地产市场Rebate 退税Mutual fund 互助基金Insurance company 保险公司Original price 原价Counter offer 还盘Settlement of claims 理赔Certificate of Insurance 保险证Insurance policy 保险单Quotation报价。

出口信贷export credit出口退税the policy of tax refunds资源性产品resource products进口环节增值税import value-added tax对外工程承包contract to build overseas projects劳务输出provide labor services abroad国内投资环境domestic investment environment基础设施infrastructure项目融资project financing转让经营权the transfer of the rights of operation审批程序examination and approval procedures境外融资overseas financing擅自变相举债the unauthorized incurring of debts in disguised form贷款限额控制control on the loan ceilings资产负债比例assets-liabilities ratio适度从紧货币政策an appropriately stringent monetary policy微调slight readjustment监管supervision and control资源重复配置duplication资源优化配置to optimize the allocation of resources压锭重组reducing and regrouping spindles股权交易方式equity transaction methods资产运行质量the quality of asset operations 生产经营性国有资本productive and operational state-owned capital放开搞活decontrolling and invigorating股份合作制joint-stock partnership优化结构optimize structures产业升级upgrade the industry转换经营机制transformation of the operational mechanisms重组reorganization ；realignment减债增资reducing debts and increasing assets 一条龙开发coordinated development 以。

2014年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。

只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。

有什么比这更合理呢？更加明显的合理性如下。

现在领取求职者补贴要等待七天。

“这前几天应该用来找工作，而不是办理失业登记（以获得救济金）。

”他说，“我们这样做是因为我们知道，这样会帮助人们摆脱补助并让依赖补助的人尽快就业。

”帮助？真的吗？乍一听，这是位关心社会的大臣，他努力改善人们的生活，包括对一个明显放纵的体系的“改革”，这个体系不要求新失业者付出多少努力去找工作，为其懒惰埋单。

我们将会知道，激励他的是他对“基本的公正”的热诚——保护纳税人，控制花费以及确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能得到补助金。

失业是痛苦的：你不会内心歌唱并跳跃着到就业中心去，为从这个慷慨国度得到加倍收入的前景而欣喜。

在经济上它令人生畏，在心理感到难堪，并且你还知道那种扶持的微薄和非常难以得到。

现在没人需要你；你现在被排除在工作环境之外，那里会给予你人生的目标和体制。

更糟糕的是，失去了用以养家糊口和支付账单的至关重要的收入。

问任何新失业者他们想要什么，答案永远是：一份工作。

但是在奥斯本之国，你的第一反应就是坠入依赖——永远的依赖，如果你能得到的话——它由一个非常乐意放任你弄虚作假的国家所支持。

好像这二十年一直严厉的求职和补助金管理系统的改革从未发生过。

英国福利的原则不再是如果发生灾难，你能为自己投保失业险和得到无条件赔付。

甚至正是“求职者补贴”这个词语，在将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他人通过缴纳国民保险金可享有补助，而求职者则没有这个基本权利。

作为替代，申请者得到的是一周71.70 英镑的限时“补贴”，条件是积极地找工作：没有津贴也没有保险，在欧盟这也是最小气之一了。

经贸英语怎么翻译把经贸分开来讲就是经济与贸易，英语翻译也是如此。

下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语怎么翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语怎么翻译economy and trade经贸的英语例句除了与墨西哥的经贸合作，我们正在共同努力以确保尽快的识别并制止威胁，甚至在威胁到达北美之前。

With Mexico, in addition to trade cooperation, we are working together to identify and interdictthreats at the earliest opportunity, even before they reach North America.论坛期间，中美省州长们将举行对口会见，双方还将签署涉及经贸、教育、科技等领域的多个合作协议。

During the forum, governors from both countries will hold meetings and sign several cooperationdocuments in trade, education, science and technology and other fields.你和你的同事为贵国的外贸体制的改革提出了“宏观经贸”这个重要的新概念。

You and your colleagues proposed the significant new concept of “macroeconomics and trade”for reform in your foreign trade system.中方重视同巴西的经贸合作，一贯主张通过对话与合作，寻求互利共赢解决分歧的办法。

China values its economic cooperation and trade with Brazil and pursues a mutually beneficialresolution of disputes through dialogue and cooperation.胡锦涛在官方中央电视台上表示，中国应扩大与朝鲜的经贸合作。

经贸英语词汇(M0)money in circulation 流通中的现金(M1) narrow money 狭义货币(M2) broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular A verage) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With A verage or With Particular A verage) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market 牛市，多头市场bear market 熊市，空头市场股息，红利dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式FORMs of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

1.Uneven distribution2. comparative advantage3. absolute advantage.4 cost advantage5 market share6 economies of scale7 labor /capital /tech/resourceintensive economy8 supplying /demanding country1.2.比较优势3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9. Foreign/local currency10. Exchange rate11. Target market12.Export license13.Quota14. Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade9. 外/本币10. 汇率11. 目标市场12.出口许可证13. 定量、配额14: （进、出口、过境）贸易15.Credit referencemodity inspection17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade19.International/Domestic trade20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17. 清关、结关18. 直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Special trade22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.：settlement instrument：Barter/ free-liquidation trade21. 一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2. quote a price3. cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery1.耐用消费品2. 报价3. 跨境（国界）交易4. 惯例5. 装载费6. 分界线7. 实际交货１０．arrival contract11. Customs clearance12. Customs formalities13. delivery14. inspection15. Means of transport１０. 到达合同1１. 清关、结关1２. 报关手续1３. 交货1４. 检验1５. 运输工具16.Mode of transport17. Shipment contract18. Symbolic delivery19. Transfer of risks16. 运输方式１７．装运合同19. 象征交货20. 风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则）2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW (EX works) 工厂交货2.FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至4.CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至5.DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货8.FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货9.FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货10.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费11.CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费•1：FOB liner terms (FOB班轮条件) :•buyer for all•2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊钩下交货）:•buyer pays from the moment goods under the tackle•3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理舱费）:•seller loading and stowing•4：FOB Trimmed （FOB包括平舱费）: seller loading、trimming •5：FOB stowed and trimmed （FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading \stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate5. acceptance6 Counter-offer7. enquiry8. irrevocable offer9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方（人）3.受盘方（人）4.终止5.接受6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity period10quotation of an offer11Quote12CISG　（United　Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９有效期10 报盘12 国际货物销售合同公约形式发票（Proforma Invoice）报价单（Quotation）订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费•执事先生：••从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。