外刊选读

外刊经贸知识选读Translate the following phrases into Chinese: Compensation trade补偿贸易Net exporter净出口国Department store百货商店Economic projection经济预测White Paper白皮书Spin off副产品Base metals贱金属Technology transfer技术转让Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Saturation point饱和点Trade balance贸易差额Areas of trade贸易区North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定Current account常常项目Free trade zone自由贸易区European Union欧洲联盟Growth rate增加率Contractual conflict契约性的矛盾EEC欧洲经济一起体Portfolio investment证券投资Per capita income人均收入De-inflationary policies反通胀政策The Single Market统一大市场Business investment商业投资Exclusive contract独家代理协议The Gulf region海湾地域GNP国民生产总值Budget deficit贸易赤字Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Barter trade易货贸易Foreign trade对外贸易The Special Economic Zone经济特区Natural resources自然资源Per capita income人均收入Trade priority贸易优先权Carbon tax双重税Import targets入口指标Credit guarantee货款担保人Accountancy service会计效劳National sovereignty国家主权Balance of payments国际收支差额Customs duties关税Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Primary commodity price低级产品价钱Trade surplus贸易顺差Top priority第一优先Hard currency硬通货Technology transfer技术转让Public funds国家资金Sliding price浮动价钱Debt restructuring债务调整Net exporter净出口国Wet market生肉、鱼、禽、蛋市场The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关贸总协定Market forces市场力量Petrochemical complex石油化学企业Tax breaks税额优惠Import targets入口指标Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade barrier贸易壁垒Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Imports of capital资本入口Gross national product国民生产总值Domestic demand国内需求Trade barrier贸易壁垒Current-account常常项目Domestic policy内政Debtor nations债务国Snack food小吃Financial instrument金融证券Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Technical transformation技术改造Free market自由市场Holding company控股公司A chamber of commerce商会Bargain basement廉价部Trade fairs贸易展览会Trade volume贸易量Service industry效劳业Capital stock实际资本Capital equipment资本设备High-tech economy高科技经济Semiconductor chips半导体集成电路芯片Electronic commerce电子商务Process a loan办理贷款手续Retail sale零售Make way for为——让路Liquid assets流动资产Developing countries进展中国家Precious metals贵金属Discount rate贴现率Securities有价证券Spot market现货市场Transfers component资本转移部份Trade barrier贸易壁垒Net assets净资产Barrier-free market无壁垒市场Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade inventories贸易库存Nominal dollar terms名义美元价Unfair trade不平等交易Exclusive contract独家经销合同Per capita income人均收入Long-term strategy长期战略GATT关税及贸易总协定Financial crisis金融危机Trade representative商务代表Physical market现货市场Financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定Sovereignty dispute主权争端Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产/流动资金A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Countervailing duty反补助税Debt service利息付款Liquid assets易于变卖的资产Good resistance强阻力Current account常常项目Cash crops经济作物GNP国民生产总值De-inflationary policy反通货政策Equivalent value对等价值Industrialization programme工业化项目National income国民收入Volume of foreign trade对外贸易额Visible trade account有形贸易收支Invisible trade account无形贸易收支Growth rate增加率Foreign exchange外汇Trade fairs贸易展览会Production goods生产资料Customs duties关税Capital stock实际资本Infrastructure基础设施Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Customer goods消费品Saturation point饱和点Showpiece优秀样品Industrial crops经济作物Gross national product国民生产总值Economic power经济强国Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Securities and real-estate markets证券及房地产市场Conglomerate跨行业公司Commercial hub商业活动中心Per capita人均Portfolio investment证券投资Nominal terms名义价Constant terms不变价Debt restructuring债务调整Trade sanctions贸易制裁General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定Trade surplus贸易顺差Trade agreement贸易协定Government procurement政府采购North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定European Community欧洲一起体European Union欧洲联盟The Single Market统一大市场Free-trade zone自由贸易区Plant modernization工厂现代化European integration欧洲一体化Obtain access to a market取得进入一个市场的机遇Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade representative 贸易代表Import targets入口指标Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Multilateral rules多边规那么Quantifiable results定量结果Conglomerate联合大企业Joint venture合伙企业Leviathan zaibatsu大财团Interest rates利率The lion’s share最大的份额Antidumping反倾销Loss leader赔本出售的商品Carbon tax双重税OPEC石油输出国组织The Gulf region海湾地域CECF中国出口商品交易会GATT关税及贸易总协定Market forces市场力量Countervailing duty反补助税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in service效劳贸易Common Agriculture Policy一起农业政策Barter易货贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Debt service归还贷款Countertrade对等贸易Counter purchase反向购买Debtor nations债务国Creditor nations债权国Reformulation从头配方Security有价证券Franchise特许经销权wholesaler批发商retailer零售商promote sales促销商品USDA美国农业部Luck draw幸运抽奖Spin-offs副产品，副作用Liquid assets流动资金Surplus produce生产多余Financial futures期货Currency movements货币流通Inflation通货膨胀Firm坚挺Buoyant活跃Steady坚稳Quiet清淡Stagnant停滞Heavy很呆滞Easy疲软Irregular涨落不定Erratic反复无常Irregular lower曲折下降Uncertain捉摸不定Translate the following phrases into English:贱金属base metals贵金属precious metals呆滞dull贴现率discount rate现货市场spot market欧共体European Economic Community期货市场futures market伦敦五金交易所London Metal Exchange超级市场supermarket增加出口打算Export Enhancement Program快餐店fast food shops贸易结构structure of trade咸鸭蛋preserved duck eggs茶鸡蛋eggs cooked in salt and tea leaves价钱指数price index软商品soft commodities削价战price-cutting war投资基金investment funds出口配额制度export quota system国际金融机构the international financial institution 货币贮存currency reserves国际货币基金the International Monetary Fund货币互换currency exchange 多边贸易multilateral trade清算协定Clearing Agreements补偿协定Compensation Agreements优惠券coupons独家经销合同exclusive contract试销市场test market独家代理协议exclusive contract基础设施infrastructure征收入口附加税impose import surcharge 商会chamber of commerce再出口reexports产地证明书certificate of origin据保守估量on a conservative estimate形成一种要挟pose a threat经济增大economic growth乌拉圭回合谈判the Uruguay round talk世界贸易组织the World Trade Organization 农业爱惜farm protection治理贸易managed trade贸易差额trade balance白皮书white paper双边顺差bilateral surplus年增加率annual growth rate投资资本investment capital税额优惠tax breaks金融体制financial system禁运embargo经济自由化economic liberalization贸易优先权trade priority贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession经济一体化economic integration政治一体化political integration无壁垒市场barrier-free market经济利益economic benefits贸易顺差trade surplus资本转移部份transfers component预算赤字budget deficit利率interest rate低级产品价钱primary commodity price七国集团the Group of Seven工人侨汇worker’s remittance优先权preferred status关税及贸易总协定General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product竞争优势competitive advantage贸易集团trade bloc新兴企业newly-rising enterprises集装箱工厂container plant 国际财团Consortium反弹bounce back自由市场free market补偿贸易compensation trade合伙企业joint venture常常项目current account打算经济planned economy出口定额export quota增加点growth point高科技产业high-tech industries经济特区the Special Economic Zone所得税税率income tax rate技术改造technical transformation技术转让technology transfer资本设备capital equipment优惠税率preferential tax rate资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 合作企业cooperative enterprise资本入口imports of capital效劳业service industry外汇管制foreign exchange control反向贸易counter trade省会provincial capital竞争优势competitive advantage经济局面economic dimensions内部融资internal financing中波medium wave期货financial futures燃气轮机gas turbine资本货物capital goods资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 政府采购government procurement优惠税率preferential tax rate贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession贸易制裁trade sancitions核定资本authoried capital市场魅力market appeal广告词marketing messages利率interest rate竞争优势competitive advantage货币政策monetary policy曲折下降irregularly lower补偿贸易compensation trade出口定额export quota外汇管制foreign exchange control经济结构economic structure低级产品primary commodity工人侨汇workers’ remittance贸易体制trade framework 国家资金public funds国民收入national income入口限额import quota贸易公司trading companies硬通货hard currency固执己见stick by one’s guns自由贸易区free-trade zone产地证明书certificate of origin贸易差额trade balance合伙企业joint venture贸易集团trading block无形贸易收支invisible account所得税税率income tax rate证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets 预算赤字budget deficit净资产net assets家用电器consumer electronics贸易逆差trade deficit入口指标import targets财政一揽子打算fiscal packages资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment知识产权intellectual property right效劳贸易trade in services经济封锁economic blockade贸易限制trade restrictions国内需求domestic demand优先权preferred status反倾销antidumping出口经济export economy最大份额the lion’s share有形贸易visible trade有形贸易收支visible trade account 消费品consumer goods经济强国economic power商品市场commodity market初步协定preliminary agreements 坏账bad debts冒充产品pirate good债权国creditor nations自动售货机vending machine贫困地域distressed region外汇业务foreign exchange business 税率tax rate私营企业private business首席执行官Chief Executive Officer 赔本出售的商品loss leader容易被骗被骗的人fall guy贸易协定trade agreement贸易顺差trade surplus生产方式means of production 优惠税率preferential tax rate利润汇款profit-remittance出口经济export economy高科技公司high technology firm电路板circuit board销售总额gross sales把握——的线索keep track of强行推销hard sell国际货币基金组织the International Monetary Fund 工业原料industrial material高增加率high growth rate处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff收入指数income index每一年per annum赤字in deficit顺差in surplus海关税customs duties国民收入national income有形贸易收支visible trade account反补助税countervailing duty无形贸易收支invisible account利息付款debt service / interest payment外商独资sole foreign-funded技术转让technology transfer国内需求domestic demand出口导向export-oriented贸易差额trade balance产地证书certificate of origin期货市场futures market市场份额market share入口税import duties独家经销合同exclusive contract常常项目current account清算协议clearing agreement人均收入per capita income无壁垒市场barrier-free market双重税carbon tax房地产real estate试销test market知识产权intellectual property right商业周期business cycle国民收入national income国际收支balance of payments收盘价closing level处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff证券投资portfolio investment商品市场commodity market自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market 智囊团/顾问班子brain trust产地证明书certificate of origin 对等价值equivalent value市场份额market share供给欠缺short supply世界银行the World Bank资本货物capital goods生产力productive forces国内需求domestic demand外汇收入foreign exchange earnings 入口税customs duties有形贸易收支visible trade account 利润汇款profit-remittanceIn return for: 作为对~的互换Permit: 许诺Run-down: 减少，减缩Accelerate: 加速，增速Reinforce: 增强，增强By means of: 通过，借助于Concessionary: 优惠的，减让的Substantial: 可观的，大量的，相当数量的Exacerbated: 加重Deepened: 加深Stagnated: 停滞Deteriorated: 加重、恶化SEZ: the Special Economic Zone经济特区Equipped with: 用~装备，具有Cope with: （成功）应付，（妥帖）处置Preferential: 优惠的It will be some time before~: ~还需要一段时刻Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product is already two to three times too low.许多经济学家以为，对中国人均国民生产总值的标准估量太低了，实际应该是这数字的2到3倍。

Terms
• EU (European Union) 欧洲联盟 • FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 外商直接投资 • Comecon (Council For Mutual Economic
Association) 经济互助委员会 • EEC (European Economic Community) 欧共体 • European Common Market 欧洲共同市场 • central bank 中央银行 • customs duties 关税
Vocabulary
• compensation [ˌkɑːmpenˈseɪʃn] n.补偿
• assembly [əˈsembli] n.装配；组装
• eligible 的
[ˈelɪdʒəbl] a.在法律上合格
• exemption [ɪɡˈzempʃn] n.免税；免除
• customs duties 关税；海关税；进口税
Vocabulary
• balance
[ˈbæləns]
n.（收支等的）平衡；均衡
• per annum （拉丁语）每年
• undue
[ˌʌnˈduː]
a.过度的；不应有的
• strain
[streɪn] n.重负；过度的要求
• reverse
[rɪˈvɜːrs] v.倒转；反向
Vocabulary
[dɪsˈrʌpt] v.扰乱；使中断
• constraint [kənˈstreɪnt] n.约束；限制
Vocabulary
• in the wake of • accord • breakdown • sector • category • item

适合初中生的外刊
《国家地理儿童版》：这本杂志以简单易懂的语言介绍了有趣的科学、动物和自然界的知识，适合初中生阅读。

《时代周刊》for Kids：这是《时代周刊》的儿童版，内容涵盖了科技、历史、文化、艺术等多个领域，以图文并茂的方式向孩子们展示了世界的多样性。

《新闻周刊》for Kids：这本杂志以简洁的语言和生动的插图，向孩子们报道了世界各地的新闻事件，帮助他们了解世界。

《探索》杂志：这是一本以科学探索为主题的杂志，涵盖了天文、地理、生物等多个领域，对于对科学感兴趣的初中生来说，是一个不错的选择。

《科学美国人》杂志：这是一本以科普为主题的杂志，内容涵盖了物理、化学、生物、天文等多个领域，适合对科学感兴趣的初中生阅读。

这些外刊都以图文并茂的方式呈现内容，语言简单易懂，适合初中生的阅读能力和兴趣。

同时，它们也提供了丰富的知识和信息，有助于拓宽学生的视野，提高他们的阅读能力和综合素质。

但需要注意的是，由于外刊的语言和文化背景可能与初中生的实际情况存在差异，因此在阅读过程中需要适当引导和帮助。

Samsung, the world’s largest Smartphone maker by shipments, saw its market share fall to 24.7% from 35% during the three months ended Sept. 30, its steepest decline since it became the industry leader in the third quarter of 2011, according to data provider Strategy Analytics.
Xiaomi
Xiaomi has been expanding into other markets outside China, including Singapore, Malaysia, India and Indonesia and has been borrowing money to fund the expansion. But industry observers say that despite Xiaomi‟s popularity on its home turf, it will face challenges getting consumers familiar with its brand overseas, where it remains relatively unknown.
Xiaomi
The latest data came after Samsung posted Thursday a sharply lower third-quarter net profit as intensified competition from Chinese Smartphone makers hurt the South Korean technology giant‟s mobile business.

英语外刊文章精选四级选择英语外刊文章是提高英语水平的有效方法之一，可以帮助我们扩充词汇量、提高阅读理解能力和培养语感。

以下是我为你推荐的四篇英语外刊文章，它们适合四级水平的学习者：1. 标题，"The Benefits of Reading: Why You Should Read Every Day"内容概述，这篇文章介绍了阅读的好处，包括提高专注力、增加知识、扩展想象力等。

同时，文章还提供了一些建议，如如何养成每天阅读的习惯。

2. 标题，"The Impact of Social Media on Society"内容概述，这篇文章探讨了社交媒体对社会的影响。

它讨论了社交媒体的优点，如方便的沟通和信息获取，同时也提到了一些负面影响，如上瘾、隐私问题等。

文章还分析了如何在使用社交媒体时保持平衡。

3. 标题，"Climate Change and Its Effects on theEnvironment"内容概述，这篇文章讨论了气候变化对环境的影响。

它介绍了全球变暖的原因和后果，如海平面上升、极端天气事件增加等。

文章还提到了可持续发展的重要性，以及个人和社会应该采取的措施来应对气候变化。

4. 标题，"The Importance of Mental Health and Self-Care"内容概述，这篇文章强调了心理健康和自我关爱的重要性。

它讨论了现代生活中常见的心理健康问题，如焦虑和抑郁，并提供了一些自我关爱的方法，如锻炼、放松技巧和寻求支持。

以上四篇文章涵盖了不同主题，帮助你扩展词汇量、提高阅读理解能力，并了解一些当今社会重要议题。

阅读这些文章时，建议你注意生词的学习和理解文章的主旨、论点和论证方式。

希望这些文章对你的英语学习有所帮助！。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。

Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。

1958~1959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。

三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。

20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。

中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。

“文化大革命”期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。

The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force（解释：施行）in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.（最惠国待遇）在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。

1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据这个协定，中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。

1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定，继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后，中美贸易发展迅速。

美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。

适合高中生的外刊引言如今，随着全球化的发展和互联网的普及，阅读外文材料已成为培养高中生语言能力和拓宽视野的重要手段之一。

然而，对于初学者来说，挑选适合自己水平和兴趣的外刊可能是一项具有挑战性的任务。

因此，本文将介绍几种适合高中生阅读的外刊，并提供一些选择外刊时需要考虑的因素。

外刊推荐1. National Geographic Kids《National Geographic Kids》是《National Geographic》杂志的儿童版。

它以生动有趣的图片和简单易懂的语言介绍自然科学、地理知识、动物世界等内容。

这本杂志适合初学英语的高中生阅读，可以帮助他们拓宽知识面、培养阅读习惯和提高词汇量。

2. Teen Vogue《Teen Vogue》是一本面向青少年女性读者的时尚杂志。

除了时尚和美容方面的内容，它还涵盖了社会问题、文化趋势和青少年心理健康等话题。

这本杂志适合高中女生阅读，可以帮助她们了解时尚潮流、培养审美能力和拓宽视野。

3. Time for Kids《Time for Kids》是《Time》杂志的儿童版。

它以简单易懂的语言介绍时事新闻、科学发现、历史事件等内容。

这本杂志适合高中生阅读，可以帮助他们了解世界动态、培养阅读理解能力和扩大知识面。

4. Reader’s Digest《Reader’s Digest》是一本综合性杂志，涵盖了各个领域的文章，包括人物故事、健康知识、科学发现等。

它以简洁明了的语言风格和多样化的内容吸引读者。

这本杂志适合高中生阅读，可以帮助他们提高阅读能力、扩展知识广度和培养综合素养。

选择外刊的因素在选择适合高中生的外刊时，有几个因素需要考虑：1. 难度水平外刊的难度水平应与高中生的英语水平相匹配。

初学者可以选择一些简单易懂的杂志，逐渐提高阅读难度。

通过适当挑战自己，高中生可以提高阅读能力和词汇量。

2. 兴趣爱好选择与自己兴趣爱好相关的外刊，可以增加阅读的乐趣和动力。

lesson 1national income 国民收入Comecon( Council for Mutual Economic Association) 经互会经济互助委员会EEC( European Economic Community) 欧共体European Common Market 欧洲共同市场European Community /European Union 欧洲共同体most favored nation treatment(status) 最惠国待遇the normal trade treatment(status) 正常贸易待遇visible trade account 有形贸易收支minister without portfolio 政务委员不管部部长balance of payments 国际收支invisible account 无形贸易收支current account 经常项目central bank 中央银行barter 易货贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 来件组装particular forms of foreign trade 特殊贸易做法taxation （入境后）税收工商统一税joint venture 合资企业concessionary finance 中国进口大型项目经常采用的由卖方提供某些方便的付款方式the World Bank and its affiliates 国际银行及其附属机构OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 经济合作与发展织Bank of International Settlements 国际清算银行non-bank trade related credits 买方（卖方）信贷in the wake of 紧紧跟随在后per annum 每年in deficit 赤字逆差in surplus 赢余顺差customs duties 关税raise(money ,funds) 筹集（款项资金）lesson 2bamboo curtain /iron curtain country 竹幕铁幕国家The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) 经济特区14 coastal cities(all former treaty ports) 沿海开放城市capital stock /capital stock ,real 实际资本cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业State Council 国务院state councilor 国务委员pipe dream 白日梦幻想cope with 成功应付妥善处理inner regions 内地foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备technology transfer 技术转让(to start)form scratch 从零开始wholly foreign-owned 外商独资拥有capital goods 资本货物consumer goods 消费品profit-remittance 利润汇款preferential tax rate 优惠税率be liable to 有义务应付税的entitle to 给...权利/资格strengths and weaknesses 优缺点stir up 激起has yet to 有待in the driver's seat 处于统治（或控制）地位means of production 生产资料stock-taking 盘货评估National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会lesson 3Per capita 按人均计算平均Gross National Product(GNP) 国民生产总值punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税securities and real estate market 政权及房地产市场"Greater China trade bloc/Chinese Economic Area 大中华贸易集团华人经济区high-tech ,high-wage economy 高技术高工资经济General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定WTO/World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织conglomerate 跨行业公司semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片consortium 国际财团CITIC(China International Trust and Investment Company) 中国国际信托投资公司China Resources Inc 香港华润有限公司economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国dump truck 翻斗车tractor-trailer 牵引拖车container plant 集装箱工厂commercial hub 商业活动中心warning shot 鸣枪示警intensifying rivalry 不断增强的竞争对抗conveyor belt 输送带preferred status 优先权have a stake in 与有利害关系appendix lesson1-lesson3productive forces 生产力cash corps 经济作物multi-party election 多党竞选a balance of the three powers 三权分立the western two-chamber system 西方两院（议会）制House of Lords/House of Commons 上议院/下议院the Senate/House of Representatives 参议院/众议院anarchy 无政府状态Presidium 共产党国家政府常务委员会standard of living 生活水平give priority to 最优先考虑surplus labour 剩余劳动力political persuasion 政治派别the sate apparatus 国家机器keep abreast of 与齐头并进bureaucratism 官僚主义官僚体系democratization 民主化lesson 4GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值Central and Eastern Europe 地处中东欧的前社会主义国家Gulf Crisis 海湾危机the G-7/the Group of Seven 七国集团Continental Europe 欧洲大陆deinflationary policies 反通胀政策cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降hard currency 硬通货Paris Club 巴黎俱乐部Commodity Market 商品市场nominal(dollar)terms 名义（美圆）价constant(dollar)terms 不变（美圆）价格unification 东西德统一anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀货币政策GDP(GNP) deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀因素指数structural problems 由于社会体制或管理制度不完善引起的问题highly leveraged corporate transactions 公司用大量借来的钱进行交易current account 经常项目transfers (component) 资本转移（部分）war-related payments 战争费用的支付European Monetary System(EMS) 欧洲货币体系the Exchange Rate Mechanism 汇率管理机制real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值the spike in oil prices 石油价格猛跌the population-weighted growth rate(of developing countries' GDP) 人口加权增长率debt restructuring 债务调整direct investment 证券投资the Gulf Countries 海湾国家in a row 连续per capita income 人均收入high rates of growth 高增长率domestic demand 国内需求debt rescheduling 重新安排债务的偿还计划rental housing 出租房屋tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣pick-up 好转portfolio investment 证券投资catch-up 竞争couple with 并提把联系起来worker's remittance 工人侨汇bottoming-out 经济衰退局面等降至最低点后即将复苏lesson 5US policy on Trade 美国贸易政策be prepared to do something 有准备的the US trade representative 美国贸易谈判代表result-oriented/export-oriented/growth-oriented/market-oriented 以结果为导向的NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements) 北美自由贸易协定(government)procurement 政府采购news service 通讯社drawn-out 冗长乏味的full-fledged 充分展开的全面贸易战misgiving(s) 疑虑to ease frictions 缓和争执减少摩擦tough negotiator 不妥协的谈判者sanction(s) 国际制裁impose against 对实行制裁trade sanctions 贸易制裁(trade)hawks 在贸易中主张实行制裁的人lesson 6the Single Market 统一市场Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约（欧洲联盟条约）free-trade zone 自由贸易区Masstircht referendum 欧共体一些成员国对马斯特里赫特条约进行的公民复决投票merger 兼并staff writer 本报记者holiday fliers 乘飞机外出度假的人big bang 大爆炸barrier-free market 自由市场（无壁垒市场）traverse the ocean 横渡重洋wind up 把事务料理停当lesson 7White Paper 白皮书fuss 异议抱怨MITI(the Ministry of International Trade and Industry 日本通商产业省dry/dry facts/in dry language 不带偏见的不加修饰的直截了当的somebody's side of a argument 某人对这个论点的态度take /call /bring sb. to task 责备某人Uruguay round of trade talks 乌拉圭回合贸易谈判fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划thanks to slow growth elsewhere 由于其他地区增长缓慢industrial commodities 技术产品耐用消费品the business cycle 商业周期managed trade 管理贸易export-driven 以出口为目的albeit 即使trade balance 贸易差额capitulate to 投降take a stand 持一种观点be opposed to 反对gear to 使适应argue for 主张head on 迎头正面针对的at pains 尽力trade sanctions 贸易制裁obtain access to a market 得到进入一个市场的机会out of kilter 失常of one's own accord 处于自愿主动的sensitive to environment 对环境敏感cave in 屈服trade reprisal 贸易报复lesson 4 - lesson 7White House Chief of Staff 白宫办公厅主任staff 全体工作人员stock 过时的没有新意的compound 使复杂化the Establishment 权势集团幕后统治集团power broker （能影响有权势人物以操纵权利的人）权利经纪人vested interests 既得利益power play 强权行为高压行动stamp …out 扑灭消灭or the sake of 为了heavy-handed 严厉的压迫的price-rigging 操纵价格的垄断价格的foot dragging 迟疑拖拉civil service 行政部门protectionism 保护贸易制lesson 8Silicon Valley 硅谷state-of-the-art 目前工艺水平目前最先进的microprocessor 微信息处理器affiliate 联号dumping 倾销licenser 转让人insolvency 无偿还能力的/资不抵债market force 市场力量a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国家chum out 艰苦（费力）的做出all-out 竭尽全力的bare-bone 少得不能再少的不充分的fledgling industries 新兴工业bargain-basement 极便宜的come up with （针对问题挑战）提出eke out 竭尽维持生计subsistence level 勉强糊口的生活水平toe-to-toe 面对面的lesson 9Gulf region 海湾国家GCC(Gulf Co-operation Council) 海湾合作委员会IDEX93(1993 International Defense Equipment Exhibition) 1993年国际国防设施展览会to be inclined to do 倾向于想要to riding high to make great successon the spin-off 依靠… 靠… 的支持OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国家组织tenders 招标invitation to tender /submission of tender 招标投标Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中国出口商品交易会reexports 再出口certificate of origin 产地证明书sovereignty dispute 主权争端add weight to 扩大影响增强优势spin-off 派生产品副产品sour note 刺耳的音符head off 阻止防止…发生head off a conflict 防止冲突发生carbon tax 双重税press on 不顾困难继续前进on hold 等着carry forward 把（账款）转入下一期run-up 前导期semi-wrought 半成品impose import 征收进口附加税crude oil 原油let through 允许通过come up 出现rear its head 冒头出现up for grabs 供争夺的on the ground 当场lesson 10GATT （the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税及贸易总协定Uruguay round of GATT talks 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判a series of messy compromises 一系列混乱妥协on a conservative estimate /on one plausible estimate /at a rough estimate 据保守估计/合理估算/粗略估计allow for 考虑到顾及为留余地countervailing duty 反补贴税intellectual property right 知识产权trade in services 服务贸易lobby 院外活动集团economic growth 促进经济发展make sense 讲得通合情合理in prospect 期望重的展望中的wreck the economy 破坏经济a question that has long bedeviled the West 长期以来困扰西方carry one's heart in one's boots 吓得要命焦虑万分mule-headed 顽固的固执的replace …with 代替取代pose a threat 形成一种威胁be in breach of 违反与相违背for the taking 供自由拿取lesson 11the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference 联合国货币金融会议convertible currency 可兑换货币cartel 垄断组织形式dip into 动用（款项）the U.S. department of commerce 美国商务部client state 在经济或政治方面依靠某一大国的附属国prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事hammer out 设计出break down 崩溃horse-soldier 骑兵debt service /interest payment 利息付款provisions 条款tend to 易于往往会part with 花掉stuck with 缠住陷入困境set out 打算take title 取得所有权lesson 12soft drink 软饮料holy war 圣战test market /test marketing 试销市场试销bottler 瓶装商baby-boomer 生育高峰期出生的人coupons 赠券优惠券sleeper 出人意料的成功者爆冷门的人exclusive contract 独家经销合同franchise 特许经营权be spoiling for 一心想切望live up to 负荷达到keep track of 看清跟上进展fill out 凑足补齐pony up (美俚)付清come in for 受到遭到arm-twisting 强迫压力do a little arm-twisting 略施压力settle for 勉强接受lesson 13fast food shops 快餐店USDA (the United States Department of Agriculture) 美国农业部the wet market 出售未加工的肉、鱼、禽蛋的市场account for （在数量比例方面）占promote sales 推销商品luck draw 幸运抽奖lesson 14financial futures 以期货方法进行交易的有价证券securities 有价证券the equity market /equity /common stock ordinary share 一般股票市场/以出售普通股票方法所筹集的公司资金/普通股票the money market /capital market 货币市场资本市场UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易和发展会议temperate 适中的非极端的the service sector 服务部门export quota system 出口配额制to cope with 妥善处理成功应付dollar-denominated 以美元标价的take its toll 造成损失protectionism 保护（贸易）主义lesson 15Telex /teletypewriter exchange 用户电报电传big bang 大爆炸改革the US budget trade 美国国家预算批准的政府海外采购spot market 现货市场EX-warehouse 仓库交货the previous week's closing level 伦敦五金交易所周末最终交易的价格平均水平closing price 收盘价格terminal prices 期货价格futures market /terminal market 期货市场International Coffee Organization(ICO) 国际咖啡组织the physical market /spot market 现货市场replacement /replenishment 补充库存at origin /at the place of origin 原产地auction 拍卖come in 上涨discount rate 贴现率set in 到来开始in the event 结果到头来the Commonwealth 英联邦（为招揽顾客）亏本出售的商品loss leader白皮书white paper半成品semi-wrought半导体集成电路芯片semiconductor chips半导体技术semiconductor technology半分离的semi-detached保护贸易论者protectionist报关单customs formalities暴发户nouveau riche爆炸性增长explosive growth北美自由贸易协定North America Free-Trade Agreements 被特许人franchisee逼真仿制品close imitation贬值devaluation补偿贸易compensation trade补偿贸易协定补偿协定compensation agreements不变价格constant price不变美元价格constant dollar terms不公平贸易？unfair trade不公正的贸易做法unfair trading practices不管部长minister without portfolio不妥协的谈判者 a tough negotiator布罗肯希尔协定 broken hill agreement部分停止供电brownout仓库ware house产地证明书certificate of origin产权资本equity capital长期贸易协议long-term trade agreement长远的战略long-term strategy常规软饮料regular soft drinks场外货币curb money超级市场supermarket撤消金融管制规定financial deregulation撤销（价格、费用方面的）管制规定deregulation承包人contractor惩罚性进口关税 punitive import tariff出口补贴export subsidy出口导向export-oriented出口配额export quota出口配额制度export quota system出口潜力export potential出口商品展览会 Export Commodity Fair初级产品primary products初级产品primary goods初级商品primary commodity初始主题the opening themes粗略的估计at a rough estimate促进出口boost exports存货清单inventory大爆炸改革Big bang大规模销售活动大中华贸易集团 "great China" trade bloc呆滞dull当地需求local requirements得到进入一个市场的机会（权利）obtain access to a market 底价的原材料bargain-price raw materials定量结果quantifiable results定制customization读者文摘Reader's Digest独家经销合同exclusive contract短期回升 a brief rally短期名义利率short-term nominal interest rates对等价值equivalent value对等贸易countertrade对外借贷foreign borrowing对外贸易额the volume of foreign trade多边规则multilateral rules多边贸易multilateral trade多元经营pluralistic operations反补贴税，抵消关税，（反倾销税）countervailing duty反弹bounce back反倾销关税antidumpling duties反通货膨胀货币政策anti-inflationary monetary policy反通胀政策！deinflationary policies反托拉斯，反垄断anti-trust反向购买counterpurchase反向贸易counter-trade房地产real estate ;real property ;realty非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers非耐用商品soft commodity峰会at the summit meeting服务部门the service sector服务贸易service trade /trade in service附属国client state复印机photocopier副产品，副作用 spin-offs高风险资产risk-weighted assets高技术high-tech / high technology高增长率high rates of growth个人所得税personal income tax/individual income tax工厂现代化plant modernization工人侨汇workers' remittance工业结构industrial structure工业巨头industrial giants公开招标public tender公民复决投票referendum供求模式the pattern of supply and demand供需supply and demand供应短缺supply shortages供应过剩glut of supplies共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy股票交易所the stock exchange股票市场stock market，（the equity market）股权式合资企业 equity joint venture关税；进口税customs duties关税及贸易总协定，关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade，GATT 硅谷Silicon Valley国际财团Consortium国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund国际货币制度the international monetary system国际机构international bodies国际金融机构international financial institution国际收支balance of payments国际营销international marketing国民生产总值Gross national product, GNP国民收入national income国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product, GDP国内需求domestic demand国务委员state councilor国务院State Council国有跨行业公司 a state-owned conglomerate国有企业state-owned enterprises海关关税与税收 customs duties and taxation海湾危机Gulf Crisis合资企业joint venture!合作企业cooperative enterprise合作企业the co-operatives合作者collaborator汇兑制度currency exchange system汇率管理机制the Exchange Rate Mechanism混合经济mixed economy货币储备currency reserve货币交易currency exchange货币流通currency movements货币市场money market货币政策monetary policy基础电子元件basic electronic components基督教科学箴言报the Christian Science Monitor即期与远期外汇 spot and future exchanges集装箱工厂container plant计算机芯片computer chips技术转让technology transfer既得利益vested interests价格坚挺firm price价格上涨price hike价格指数price index减少摩擦to ease frictions贱金属base metals结果consequence金融体制financial system金融危机the financial crisis紧缩计划austerity program进口附加税import surcharge进口汇票import bill进口配额import quotas进口税import duty进口需求import demand进口指标import targets禁运embargo经常项目! current account经纪业务brokerage services经济复苏economic recovery经济改革economic reform经济技术开发区 Economic & Technical Development Zone经济家信息小组 economist intelligence unit经济僵化economic rigidities经济利益economic benefits经济失衡economic imbalances经济衰退economic recession经济特区the Special Economic Zone经济增长economic growth经济作物cash crops经销商（瓶装商）bottler净值net worth竞争优势competitive advantages竞争优势competitive edge举足轻重的经济强国economic heavyweight据保守估计on a conservative estimate据合理的推算on a plausible estimate!据目前估计on current estimate可兑换货币convertible currency可支配收入disposable income克林顿政府the Clinton administration跨行业公司conglomerate快餐店fast food shops宽限期grace period来件组装assembly manufacturing蓝图blueprint利润汇款profit-remittance利息付款debt service /interest payment联合国贸易和发展会议United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 良好的基础设施 good infrastructure临时估算provisional estimate零售retail sale零售市场retail market流动资产liquid assets略施压力do a little arm-twisting伦敦五金交易所 London Metal Exchange马斯特里赫特条约Maastricht Treaty贸易报复trade reprisal贸易壁垒trade barriers贸易差额trade balance, balance of trade贸易代表trade representative贸易顾问 a trade consultant贸易结构structure of trade贸易纠纷trade disputes贸易摩擦trade friction贸易逆差，入超，贸易赤字trade deficit贸易歧视trade discrimination贸易顺差, 贸易盈余, 出超trade surplus贸易谈判trade negotiation贸易条件terms of trade贸易统计数据trade statistics贸易展销会！trade fairs and exhibitions贸易制裁trade sanction贸易自由化trade literalisation每人平均所得per capita income美国贸易谈判代表the US trade representative美国贸易政策US policy on trade美国商务部the U.S. department of commerce秘密配方secret recipe名义美元价nominal dollar terms目前最先进的state-of-the-art内地inner regions牛市与熊市bull market and bear market农业保护farm protection浓缩浆汁syrup concentrate欧共体European Economic Community！欧佩克（石油输出国组织）OPEC欧洲悲观主义Europessimism欧洲大陆European continent欧洲共同体（旧名）European Community欧洲经济共同体，欧共体Eruopean Economic Community欧洲联盟European Union欧洲一体化European integration拍卖auction批发商wholesalers评估，估量；盘货stock-taking破产bankruptcy普通股票common stock, ordinary share七国集团the G-7, the Group of Seven期货市场futures market歧视discrimination契约劳工indentured labor千年回合millennium round前身precursor强硬的政策tough policy勤奋和忠实diligence and sincerity轻工业制品light manufactured items倾销dumping清淡市场quiet market清算协定Clearing Agreements取得所有权take title全国人民代表大会National People's Congress全球化生产global manufacturing雀巢股份有限公司Nestle SA让利profit-taking set人均per capita人均国内生产总值per capita/head GDP(gross domestic products) 人均收入per capita income人口加权增长率 the population-weighted growth rate软饮料soft drink锐步国际有限公司Reebok International Ltd.商会chamber of commerce商品市场commodity market商品指数commodity indexes商业活动中心commercial hub商业银行commercial banks商业周期the business cycle生产成本the costs of production生产过剩surplus produce生产力productive forces生产资料means of production生育高峰期出生的人baby-boomer剩余劳动力surplus labour实际资本capital stock食用蛋类shell eggs使用人licensee世界贸易组织World Trade Organization，WTO世界银行及其附属机构the World Bank and its affiliates 市场导向market oriented, market orientation市场多样化market diversification市场分额market share市场观察者market watcher市场力量market forces试销test marketing试销市场test market收盘价closing price收入差距income gap输送带；传送带 conveyor belt双边关系bilateral pressures双边贸易bilateral trade双边顺差bilateral surplus双边条约！bilateral pacts双重税carbon tax税额优惠tax breaks私营企业private business特别提款权the Special Drawing Right特许经营权franchise特许人franchiser贴现率discount rate通货紧缩deflation统一大市场the Single Market投标to submit tender, submission of tender投机生意speculative business投资基金investment funds突破性的进展breakthrough推销商品promote sales妥协compromise外汇储备foreign-exchange reserves外汇收入foreign exchange earnings外商独资wholly foreign-owned外资独资企业wholly foreign-owned operation乌拉圭回合谈判 the Uruguay round talk无壁垒市场,(自由市场) barrier-free market无偿还能力insolvency无形贸易invisible trade无形贸易收支invisible trade account, invisible account 物质繁荣material prosperity西式餐厅western-style restaurants鲜蛋市场fresh egg market现货市场physical market现货市场spot market相对优势relative advantage削价战price-cutting war消费品customer goods消费物价指数consumer price index消费者consumer萧条depression销售潜力the vast potential sales协议草案the draft agreement新兴工业fledgling industries新兴企业newly-rising enterprises !幸运抽奖luck draw需求不振sluggish demand需求疲软weakness in demand延期付款concessionary finance沿海城市coastal cities一次性包装single-serving box一个闭关自守的国家 a hermit nation一篮子货币basket of currencies一揽子财政计划（方案）fiscal packages一轮成败参半的谈判 a half-successful round以结果为导向的 results-oriented以美元标价的dollar-denominated以期货方法进行交易的有价证券financial futures易货贸易barter trade银行合并merger of banks营销计划marketing programs硬通货hard currency优惠税率（优惠关税2004）preferential tax rate优先权preferred status由减税引发的繁荣tax-cut-induced boom有价证券securities有经验的贸易官员 a veteran trade official有形贸易收支the visible trade account有形贸易收支! visible trade accounts有形贸易余额the visible trade surplus右翼政治家right-wing politicians预期经济增长率 growth target预示foreshadows预算赤字budget deficit原产地证明书certificate of origin原油crude oil援助assistance远东经济评论Far Eastern Economic Review再出口reexports增值税value-added taxes赠券（优惠券） coupons债权人creditor债务调整（作豁免，延期）debt restructuring债务国debtor nations战争费用的支付 war-related payments涨落不定irregular招标invitation to tender,to invite tender,招标tenders征收进口附加税 impose import !证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets 证券交易所stock exchange!证券投资portfolio investment政府采购government procurement政府投资的商业企业pump-priming operation政治一体化political integration知识产权intellectual property right直接补贴direct subsidies直接投资direct investment指令directive制成品manufactured goods制造商manufacturer质量证书certificate of quality智囊团，顾问班子brain trust中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中小企业small and medium-size businesses中央银行central bank重工业heavy industry重新安排债务的偿还计划debt rescheduling重新配方reformulation竹幕bamboo curtain主权争端sovereignty dispute主张强硬贸易政策的鹰派人物trade hawks专利使用资格licensing requirements转让人licenser资本货物capital goods资本流动capital flow资本市场capital market资本转移capital transfer资本转移部分transfers component资产负债表balance sheet自给自足的self-sufficient自然资源natural resources自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free-trade zone!自由市场barrier-free market !自由市场free market自由市场理论free-market philosophy纵向结合vertical integration走私smuglling最畅销品牌the best-selling brand最大的分额the lion's share最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment (status) 国民收入national income欧共体EEC( European Economic Community)欧洲共同市场European Common Market欧洲共同体European Community /European Union 最惠国待遇most favored nation treatment(status)正常贸易待遇the normal trade treatment(status)有形贸易收支visible trade account不管部部长minister without portfolio国际收支balance of payments无形贸易收支invisible account经常项目current account中央银行central bank易货贸易barter反向贸易counter-trade来件组装assembly manufacturing合资企业joint venture国际银行及其附属机构the World Bank and its affiliates经济合作与发展织OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 国际清算银行Bank of International Settlements紧紧跟随在后in the wake of每年per annum赤字逆差in deficit赢余顺差in surplus关税customs duties筹集资金raise funds竹幕铁幕国家bamboo curtain /iron curtain country经济特区The Special Economic Zone (SEZ)实际资本capital stock合作（经营）企业cooperative enterprise外汇储备foreign-exchange reserves技术转让technology transfer外商独资拥有wholly foreign-owned资本货物capital goods消费品consumer goods利润汇款profit-remittance优惠税率preferential tax rate处于统治（或控制）地位in the driver's seat生产资料means of production盘货评估stock-taking全国人民代表大会National People's Congress按人均计算平均Per capita国民生产总值Gross National Product(GNP)惩罚性进口关税 punitive import tariff政权及房地产市场securities and real estate market大中华贸易集团 "Greater China trade bloc高技术高工资经济high-tech ,high-wage economy关税及贸易总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade世界贸易组织WTO/World Trade Organization跨行业公司Conglomerate国际财团Consortium商业活动中心commercial hub优先权preferred status生产力productive forces经济作物cash corps生活水平standard of living剩余劳动力surplus labour国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)反通胀政策deinflationary policies商品市场Commodity Market名义（美圆）价 nominal(dollar)terms不变（美圆）价格constant(dollar)terms反通货膨胀货币政策anti-inflationary monetary policy消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀因素指数GDP(GNP) deflator由于社会体制或管理制度不完善引起的问题structural problems以不变价格计算的产品价值real output债务调整debt restructuring证券投资direct investment海湾国家the Gulf Countries国内需求domestic demand重新安排债务的偿还计划debt rescheduling由减税引发的繁荣tax-cut-induced boom证券投资portfolio investment工人侨汇worker's remittance美国贸易政策US policy on Trade美国贸易谈判代表the US trade representative以结果为导向的 result-oriented/export-oriented/growth-oriented/market-oriented北美自由贸易协定NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements)政府采购government procurement贸易制裁trade sanctions统一市场the Single Market马斯特里赫特条约（欧洲联盟条约）Maastricht Treaty自由贸易区free-trade zone大爆炸big bang自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market白皮书White Paper乌拉圭回合贸易谈判Uruguay round of trade talks财政一揽子计划 fiscal packages商业周期the business cycle以出口为目的export-driven贸易差额trade balance贸易制裁trade sanctions贸易报复trade reprisal既得利益vested interests倾销dumping转让人licenser市场力量market force一个闭关自守的国家 a hermit nation新兴工业fledgling industries石油输出国家组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)招标Tenders招标投标invitation to tender /submission of tender中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair再出口reexports产地证明书certificate of origin主权争端sovereignty dispute征收进口附加税 impose import关税及贸易总协定GATT （the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判Uruguay round of GATT talks据保守估计/合理估算/粗略估计on a conservative estimate /on one plausible estimate /at a rough estimate反补贴税countervailing duty知识产权intellectual property right服务贸易trade in services联合国货币金融会议the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference可兑换货币convertible currency利息付款debt service /interest payment取得所有权take title试销市场试销 test market /test marketing独家经销合同exclusive contract特许经营权franchise推销商品promote sales有价证券securities一般股票市场/以出售普通股票方法所筹集的公司资金/普通股票the equity market /equity /common stock ordinary share货币市场资本市场the money market /capital market服务部门the service sector出口配额制export quota system以美元标价的dollar-denominated保护（贸易）主义protectionism大爆炸改革big bang美国国家预算批准的政府海外采购the US budget trade 现货市场spot market收盘价格closing price期货价格terminal prices期货市场futures market /terminal market现货市场the physical market /spot market原产地at origin /at the place of origin拍卖auction贴现率discount rate英联邦the Commonwealth。

初中生必读英文外刊初中生必读英文外刊阅读英文外刊对于初中生来说是一种非常有益的学习方式。

它不仅可以提高他们的英语阅读和理解能力，还可以帮助他们了解世界各地的新闻、文化和社会问题。

下面是几本适合初中生阅读的英文外刊推荐：1. National Geographic Kids《国家地理儿童版》是一本专门为儿童而设计的杂志。

它提供了大量有趣的文章、照片和插图，涵盖了动物、地理、科学和历史等各个领域。

孩子们不仅可以通过阅读这本杂志学习新知识，还可以培养他们的好奇心和探索精神。

2. Time for Kids《时代儿童版》是一本以儿童为目标读者的杂志。

它提供了简洁易懂的新闻报道，帮助孩子们了解国内外的时事和社会问题。

通过阅读这本杂志，孩子们可以提高自己的阅读和写作能力，并培养对社会问题的关注和思考能力。

3. Teen Vogue《青少年时尚杂志》是一本专门为青少年设计的时尚杂志。

它不仅提供了最新的时尚趋势和潮流资讯，还涵盖了艺术、文化和社会议题。

通过阅读这本杂志，初中生可以了解到时尚产业的背后故事和社会的多元化，同时提高自己的英语阅读和词汇量。

4. Sports Illustrated Kids《体育画报儿童版》是一本专为儿童而设计的体育杂志。

它提供了关于各种体育项目的报道、照片和插图，帮助孩子们了解体育的魅力和价值。

阅读这本杂志可以帮助初中生了解不同的体育项目、运动员的故事，并且激发他们对运动的兴趣和热爱。

通过阅读这些英文外刊，初中生可以提高自己的英语阅读能力，拓宽视野，了解世界各地的新闻和文化。

同时，这些杂志还可以帮助他们培养好奇心、思考能力和对不同领域的兴趣。

因此，初中生应该尽量多读这些英文外刊，从中受益匪浅。

英语外刊阅读六级
1. 《纽约时报》（The New York Times）：这是一份全球知名的报纸，提供广泛的新闻报道和深入的分析。

它的文章质量高，语言规范，适合提高阅读理解和词汇量。

2. 《经济学人》（The Economist）：这是一份全球知名的经济和商业杂志，提供深入的经济分析和商业报道。

它的文章语言简洁明了，适合提高阅读理解和词汇量。

3. 《卫报》（The Guardian）：这是一份英国知名的报纸，提供广泛的新闻报道和深入的分析。

它的文章质量高，语言规范，适合提高阅读理解和词汇量。

4. 《科学美国人》（Scientific American）：这是一份全球知名的科普杂志，提供最新的科学研究和技术进展。

它的文章语言简洁明了，适合提高阅读理解和词汇量。

5. 《时代》（Time）：这是一份全球知名的新闻杂志，提供广泛的新闻报道和深入的分析。

它的文章质量高，语言规范，适合提高阅读理解和词汇量。

以上是一些适合六级英语外刊阅读的推荐，你可以根据自己的兴趣和需求选择适合自己的外刊。

同时，阅读外刊需要坚持和耐心，不要期望一蹴而就，要逐渐提高阅读速度和理解能力。

英语外刊精读36篇英文回答：Introduction.In the realm of English language learning, the significance of extensive reading cannot be overstated. Itis widely acknowledged that consistent exposure toauthentic English texts plays a pivotal role in enhancing vocabulary, improving comprehension, and fostering fluency. This extensive reading curriculum, meticulously craftedwith 36 carefully selected articles, is designed to provide language learners with an immersive experience that will propel their English proficiency to new heights.Methodology.The curriculum is structured to facilitate an incremental approach to reading comprehension. The articles, ranging from contemporary news reports to literary classics,have been graded according to difficulty, ensuring that learners can gradually challenge themselves while expanding their linguistic repertoire. Each article is accompanied by a set of questions that encourage critical thinking, vocabulary building, and grammatical analysis.Benefits.By diligently engaging with the meticulously curated texts, learners can reap a multitude of benefits:Vocabulary Expansion: Immersing oneself in authentic English texts exposes learners to a vast array of words and expressions, enriching their vocabulary and enabling themto express themselves with greater precision.Improved Comprehension: Regular reading enhances one's ability to comprehend written English, allowing for more effective engagement with academic materials, news articles, and other texts.Enhanced Fluency: Reading fluency encompasses theability to read at a natural pace with proper intonationand pronunciation. The extensive reading curriculumprovides ample opportunities to practice these skills, fostering smoother and more confident oral communication.Cognitive Development: Reading stimulates cognitive functions such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and memory retention, contributing to overall intellectual growth.Cultural Understanding: Exposure to diverse English texts offers a glimpse into different perspectives, beliefs, and values, fostering cultural understanding and empathy.Conclusion.The English External Reading Curriculum, consisting of 36 engaging articles, is an invaluable resource for language learners seeking to elevate their English proficiency. By embracing the challenges presented by these texts, learners will embark on a transformative journeythat will enrich their vocabulary, enhance theircomprehension skills, boost their fluency, stimulate their cognitive abilities, and deepen their cultural understanding.中文回答：导言。

外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。

外刊选读本科生课程大纲
版的。

五、参考教材与主要参考书
韩国和中国经贸类的各种报刊和网络的专栏。

其中，韩国的纸质版和(只有)网络版传媒包括：经贸类五大传媒《每日经济》、《韩国经济》、《首尔经济》、《亚细亚经济》、《Herald经济》，综合类七大传媒《朝鲜日报》、《中央日报》、《东亚日报》、《京乡新闻》、《首尔新闻》、《韩国日报》、《韩民族新闻》，三大网络传媒《Pressian》、《Ohmynews》、《Media Today》。

另外，所选择的专栏文章应是最近三年刊载的文章。

七、学术诚信
学习成果不能造假，如考试作弊、盗取他人学习成果、一份报告用于不同的课程等，均属造假行为。

他人的想法、说法和意见如不注明出处按盗用论处。

本课程如有发现上述不良行为，将按学校有关规定取消本课程的学习成绩。

八、大纲审核
教学院长：院学术委员会签章：。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods资本货物 capital goods国际收支 balance of payments经常项目 current account有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account贸易顺差 trade surplus贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter补偿贸易 compensation trade反向贸易 counter-trade组装生产 assembly manufacturing工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业 joint venture延期付款 deferred payment买方信贷 buyer credit卖方信贷 supplier credit软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）国民收入 NI（National Income）国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国际复兴和开发银行IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association）国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）经济合作和发展组织OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement）欧洲经济共同体 EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）外商直接投资 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）二、词语释义：substantially ：dramatically，significantly，considerably subsequently： afterwardsexacerbate：deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse withdraw： cancellationtheme： principlein return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interruptdestined： designedpronounced： markedin the wake of： following； after withundue： too much； unbearablereverse： change to the oppositebuoyant： briskoutcome： resultboost： stimulate； promote； developrecover： reboundfacilitate： make easyrun-down： reductionmount exhibitions： hold exhibitionsinsofar as： to the extentbottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构*3、substantially 相当大的、重大的*4、in return for 作为…地交换5、manufactured goods 工业产品6、capital equipment 资本设备7、industrialization programme 工业项目8、heavy industry 重工业9、produced gains in 从… 中获利*10、economic imbalances 经济失衡11、national income 国民收入12、contract 收缩、下降13、aid 援助14、shift away form …towards 从…转移到…*15、consistent theme 一贯的主题16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视17、trade relating 贸易往来18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑）19、grown rapidly 迅速增长*20、sign in 签订21、in the wake of 在…之后22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化23、come into force 生效*24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇25、accounted for 占……*26、category 种类*27、item 项目28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的29、increased at an average rate of 平均以……比率增长 *30、per annum 每年31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增*33、play a major role 起重要作用*34、undue strain 沉重负担35、a net grain exporter 粮食净出口国*36、pattern 模式*37、reverse 逆转，相反38、jump 暴涨*39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支40、in deficit 赤字、逆差*41、buoyant 趋于上升*42、attribute to 归因于……43、re-reported 再出口*44、leading 最主要的*45、decline 下降、减少*46、supplier 供应者*47、industrial country 工业化国家48、expect 期望*49、boost 推动、提高*50、recovered strongly 很大恢复*51、introducing advanced technology of 向…引进先进技术*52、sophistication 精密、尖端53、invisible account 无形贸易收支54、balance of payments 国际收支55、earnings 收益、收入*56、current account 经常项目57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余*58、reserves 储备、储量*59、the balance 收支平衡*余额60、specializes in 专门从事*61、balance 平衡*62、earnings and requirements 收入和需求63、run-down 减少、缩减*64、as a means of 作为65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作66、mount 举行、进行67、trade fairs 商品展销会68、practice 惯例69、compensation trade 补偿贸易70、raw materials 原材料71、in return 作为报答72、barter 易货贸易73、counter-trade 反向贸易74、a series of 一系列75、designed to 旨在76、joint venture 合资企业77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司78、transfer 转让*79、for the time being 目前、暂时80、direct investment 直接投资81、access 接近的机会、享用权*82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场83、commercial terms 商业条件84、compile 收集、汇集85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织86、Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行87、bulk 绝大部分、主体88、in the short-term 从短期来看89、over the longer term 从长期来看90、representative offices 办事处三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers c hiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

英语报刊选读一、阅读材料1. The Economist (经济学人)The Economist is a weekly international business magazine published in London. It provides objective reporting, analysis and opinion to help business people and policy makers understand the global economy. The magazine covers a wide range of topics including business, politics, technology, culture and international affairs. It is a good source of news and analysis for English learners.2. New York Times (纽约时报)The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City. It is one of the most influential English-language newspapers in the world, covering news, culture, sports and other topics. The newspaper publishes high-quality reporting, analysis and opinion on current events, and it is a good source of reading practice for English learners.3. Wall Street Journal (华尔街日报)The Wall Street Journal is a daily business newspaper published in New York City. It provides objective reporting and analysis on the financial markets, business news, economics and other topics. The newspaper is written in a formal style and is a good choice for students who want to improve their writing skills.二、回答问题1. What are the main differences between The Economist and the New York Times?The Economist is a weekly international business magazine published in London, providing objective reporting, analysis and opinion to help business people and policy makers understand the global economy. The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City, covering news, culture, sports and other topics. Therefore, The Economist is more focused on business and international affairs, while the New York Times covers a wider range of topics.2. What are the advantages of reading Wall Street Journal for English learners?Reading the Wall Street Journal has several advantages for English learners. Firstly, it provides objective reporting and analysis on the financial markets, business news, economics and other topics, which helps learners improve their understanding of financial and economic issues. Secondly, the newspaper is written in a formal style, which provides learners with opportunities to improve their writing skills. Finally, reading the Wall Street Journal is a good source of reading practice for learners who want to improve their reading comprehension and vocabulary skills.三、个人观点In my opinion, reading English newspapers and magazines is an effective way for English learners to improve their language proficiency. By reading different types of newspapers and magazines, learners can broaden their horizons, improve their writing skills, and gain a better understanding of current events and international affairs. Additionally, reading newspapers and magazines in a foreign language provides learners with opportunities to practice their reading, listening, speaking and writing skills, which helps them develop a more natural fluency in the target language. Therefore, I recommend that English learners regularly read English newspapers and magazines to improve their language proficiency.。