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英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型句子成分学记口诀：主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
简单句的六种基本句型一、主系表结构（S + V + P ）：主语＋系动词＋表语＋（状语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。
常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn,【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。
1. 他感到有点累。
______________________________2. 这听起来是个好主意。
______________________________3. 我的电脑在书房里。
______________________________4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
______________________________5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。
______________________________二、主谓结构（S + V）：主语＋不及物动词＋（状语）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。
He _____ _____.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。
The rain _____ _____ two hours.4. 事物总是变化的。
Things always _____.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。
His dream to China _____ _____ _____.三、主谓宾结构（S + V + O）：主语＋及物动词＋宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。
句子的成分句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的，能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。
句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写，结尾要有句号“.”，问号“？”或感叹号“！”。
一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分：1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～）我们在一中学习。
The classroom is very clean.（讲述“什么”很干净）这间教室很干净。
Three were absent.（数词作主语）三个人缺席。
To teach them English is my job.（不定式作主语）教他们英语是我的工作。
注意不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.）2 谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）他的父母亲是医生。
She looks well.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）她看起来气色（面色）很好。
We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）我们努力学习。
We have finished reading the book.（助动词和实义动词一起作谓语）我们已经看完了这本书。
英语句子结构有五种（主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补）主谓：I study.主谓宾:I like banana.主系表:I am a student.主谓双宾:I give a pencil to him.主谓复合宾语:I make him happy.1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]如：The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。
2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语[S+V+O]如：The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢住在中国。
3. 主语+谓语+表语[S+V+P]该句型谓语动词为连系动词。
常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。
如：①He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。
②The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语[S+V+InO+DO]这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。
也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。
如：①My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。
②I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.我把盐递给他。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语[S+V+O+OC]如：We must keep our school clean.我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。
1. Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。
英语句子结构有五种（主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补）主谓：I study.主谓宾:I like banana.主系表:I am a student.主谓双宾:I give a pencil to him.主谓复合宾语:I make him happy.1. Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。
如：2. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。
这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
如：Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。
这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。
如：Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
3. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。
同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。
如：4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。
如：Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
初一下英语暑假培优第2讲五种简单句基本句型句子成分划分第二讲五种简单句基本句型句子成分划分主语+谓语She died yesterday.主语+谓语+宾语He bought a big tree.五种简单句基本句型主语+系动词+表语You are students.主语+谓语+双宾语My mother gives me a book.句子主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(宾语补足语)They painted the door red.句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等句子分类：按照使用目的或者交际功能分为陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、省略句等按照句子结构分为：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句等一般现在时：am/is/are,do/does目前一般过去时：was/were,did时态一般将来时：will do,am/is/are going to do现在进行时：am/is/are doing一、五种基本句型英语中所有的句子，都是由这五种基本句型转换而来的。
1、主谓：这种句型的谓语都是不及物动词。
1）纯不及物动词：arrive,come,die,appear,disappear,exist,happen等He never comes here.The fire happened during the night.2）及物动词含有不及物动词的意思：write,sell,read,wash,wear,read等This new pen writes very smoothly.My recent book sells very well.2、主谓宾：这种句型的谓语都是只带一个宾语的及物动词。
1）常见的不及物动词用作及物动词My father runs a big company.Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.2）常见的单宾语及物动词Our English teacher often reads a newspaper in the morning.Nobody knows him.3、主系表：这种句型的谓语动词都是连系动词。
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
英语句子成分及结构句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语一．主语：A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English.To win the game is difficult.二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.三．宾语I saw a cat in the tree.We think you are right.My father bought me a book.We call him LaoWang.We find the little girl in the hill.四．定语That is a beautiful flower.This is my book,not your book.I have a lot of things to do.五．状语He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间)The house is dirty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因) He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now.My work is teaching English,It sounds good.It smells nice.句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语)一．S十V主谓结构|（vi.）I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构(vt.)I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easilyThey have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）Is,look ________________________________________________________+形容词He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hardHe becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构give，ask_________________________________________________________sb sth He gave me a book.主谓宾1 宾2He brought me a penHe offered me his seatHe got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now划分句子成分练习题（1）1.They are working on the farm now.2.Seeing is believing.3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.4.She became a doctor in 1998.5.The book lying on the floor are mine.6.Suddenly it begins to rain.7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday.8.I always find her happy.9.He wonders if I still study English.10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.What did you buy?15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.16.Your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.By the time I got to the station, the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.。
