高英6修辞总结

高英第六册修辞整理（仅供参考）Lesson one1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony2 however Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony.9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration10 The second design in this great centuries-old tradition is to argue that any form of public help to the poor only hurts the poor. Irony 11 this is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. Irony metaphor12 Can we really believe that any considerable number of the poor prefer welfare to a good job? Or that business people–corporate executives, rhetorical question13 Again, expenditure on national defense is excepted. Irony14 This is possibly the mos t transparent of all of the designs;Irony15Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. Inversion16. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, irony17 All, save perhaps the last, are in great inventive descent from Bentham, irony18 and his colleagues are clearly in a notable tradition irony19 So are the philosophers now celebrated in Washington: George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, irony20 he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity i n high Washington circles. IronyLesson 21 But these mark of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song simile allusion2 the memories of this trip have colored my life. Flashback3 in this deep and room box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies inversion4 one big kettle stood up on three long legs to sit over a firepersonification5 its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling simile6 as an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto simile7 the burly arms of the oaks were huge with and ……….the woods were tossing with jewels simile8 not without trepidation, papa made arrangements……. double negative9 17 段最后一句was not dissimilar to the ……… double negative10 there was the little shack, not the most gracious of livingquarters …………understatement11 there was also, and most important, a cook stove ……periodic sentence12 20 段倒数第二句that quacked us awakeat …..onomatopoeia13 the big house in the trees looked safe and sturdy…..alliteration14 suddenly, sometime that summer, a day came when all work ceased…………periodic sentenceLesson 31. The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack. Metaphor2...the accident at Chernobyl amounts to a serious but local fire that destroyed the plant. Anti-climax3. But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in goods-things that serve a useful purpose –this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”pun4.The purpose is less a lament over the war’s numero us casualties than an inquiry into ……metaphorLesson 41. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence---the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Personification2. They might have followed the boys out from town…..subjunctive mood3. How all my own territory would be altered, as if alandside ….metaphor, simile4. A common name, A stupid flat-faced child with dirty blond hair. Elliptical sentences5….leaving husband and house a nd all the things acquired…. alliteration6….a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage metaphor7. ….was it delicacy or disapproval? alliteration8. All that afternoon that the men were gone I was full of happy energy transferred epithet9. I stood …., when we were soaked and safe and ….. alliterationLesson five1. Had that been so, the Indians, for whom the radio was even more favorable,……over the seas. Subjunctive mood2. termed the “hedgehogs”, who know one big thing, as against the “foxes”, who know many small things. metaphor3. Yet most of the time Americans have foxily mistrusted…4. Ideology thus presupposes…to the custody of an infallible priesthood. satire5.第16段多处against, a universe parallelism6. …against the notion that all answers ….. in the back of some sacred book sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦)7. But ideology is a drug. metaphor8. But the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse. RepetitionLesson 71. We observe today not a victory of the party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as change. Repetition, balanced structure2. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Contrast3. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe---the belief come not from the …but from the hand of God. Biblical language4. Let the world go forth from this time and place, to friends and foe alike. Alliteration5….that torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans…metaphor6….oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty alliteration7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do---for we dare not meet a powerful challenge… antithesis8. 6,7,8段以“to those”开头repetition9….those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Metaphor10.If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich. Antithesis11.But this peaceful revolution cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Metaphor12. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its house. Metaphor13….our last best hope have in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace. Antithesis14. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. Emphatic structure, repetition15….yet both racing to alter that uncertain ……stays the h and of mankind’s final war. Synecdoche16. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Chiasmus17. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Antithesis18’ to “undo the heavy burdens…and let the oppressed go free” biblical quotation19. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…metaphor20.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest…..inver sion21. …..not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need---not as a call to battle, though embattled we are repetition，antithesis22. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance alliteration23. –and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Metaphor24. Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Antithesis, repetitionLesson 91.They say “Aiken” and you see a white butterfly glance off a fence with a torn wing. Metaphor2.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir. They are as sweet and plain as buttercake. Metaphor3.The dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions. Irony, repetition4.They worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair. Repetition5.What they do not know is that this plain brown girl will build her neststick by stick, make it her own inviolable world, and stand guard over its every plant… metaphor6. Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything. Antithesis7. Pecola backed out of the room, staring at the pretty milk-brown lady in the pretty gold-and-green house who was talking to her through the cat’s fur. Irony补充1. Murray is the voice of Spencer in our time. Antonomasia2．It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon metonymy。

英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。

明喻的表达方法是：A像B。

2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。

喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。

暗喻又叫隐喻。

例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。

（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。

4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。

就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。

5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。

夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。

转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。

转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。

10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中常见的修辞手法包括：
1. 隐喻（Metaphor）：隐喻是一种不直接说明事物，而是通过比较或比喻来暗示某一事物的修辞手法。

例如，“爱情是一座城堡，每个人都在寻找自己的归属”（隐喻，将爱情比喻为城堡）。

2. 反讽（Irony）：反讽是一种表面说一套，实际上表达的却是与字面意思
相反的修辞手法。

例如，“我很喜欢去健身房锻炼，只是我的床喜欢把我困住”（反讽，表达的是作者不想去健身房）。

3. 排比（Parallelism）：排比是一种通过使用结构相似的句式来表达相近
或相同意思的修辞手法。

例如，“他跳得高，跑得快，游得远”（排比，强调他各方面都很优秀）。

4. 拟人（Personification）：拟人是一种将非人类事物赋予人类特性的修辞手法。

例如，“月亮害羞地躲进了云层里”（拟人，将月亮人格化）。

5. 夸张（Hyperbole）：夸张是一种通过夸大或缩小事物来表达强烈情感的修辞手法。

例如，“他高兴得像中了彩票一样”（夸张，强调他非常高兴）。

以上是高级英语中常见的修辞手法及例句，希望对你有所帮助。

高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。

以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。

例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。

二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。

例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。

三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。

对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。

例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。

四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。

交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。

例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。

五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。

例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。

六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。

例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。

七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。

例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。

八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。

例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。

九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。

高英修辞总结A more perfect union (9)Para. 3. metaphor: original sin;Para.5: alliteration: color and creedPara.6: antithesis: we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction.Para. 8: antithesis: I’ve gone to some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world’s poorest nations.Para. 10: metaphor: we saw how hungry the American people….racial lens…whitest populationsPara. 13. alliteration: the greatness and the goodness of our nation Para. 15: metaphor: firestormAntithesis: that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right with America.Para. 19: metaphor: vesselAlliteration: tr ials and triumphs…unique and universal…stories and songs…Para. 20: metonymy: jarring to the untrained ear;Antithesis: kindness and cruelty; the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,Alliteration: struggles and successes, the bitterness and biases A more perfect union (10)Para. 27. transferred epithet: brutal legacy of slaveryPara. 32 metaphor: scratched and clawed their way to ….Para. 33. metonymy and alliteration: in the pulpit and in the pews Metaphor: chasmPara. 38. metaphor : racial woundsPara. 39: metaphor: glass ceilingPara.50: transferred epithet: the same proud flag.The way to rainy mountainPara. 1. hyperbole: the hardest weather in the world is there. The steaming foliage seems almost to writhe in fire.Metaphor: in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edgeAlliteration: brittle and brown willow and witch hazelSimile: popping up like corn to sting the flesh.Para.4: metaphor no longer were they slaves to the simple necessity of survivalPara. 5 metaphor: pilgrimagePara. 6 alliteration: the eagle and the elk; the badger and the bear; bentand blind (hyperbole)Para. 7: metaphor: stairwaythe great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.Para. 8: simile: the land was like iron.Para. 10 alliteration: beg and barterPara. 11. alliteration: custom and company; inherently sad in the sound; syllables of sorrow.Simile: lay upon her shoulders and against her breasts like a shawl.Para. 12: simile: houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers..Metonymy: bones given up to the landPara. 13: alliteration: the aged visitors…were made of lean and leather.Jest and gesture; fright and false alarm. Fringed and flowered shawlsShips in the desertPara. 1 understatement: the prospects of a good catch looked bleak . Para. 2: metaphor: tunnel through timePara. 11. analogyUnit 15 No signposts in the Seametaphor :1 )a new Clovis, loving what I have despised …2)an Endymíon young and strong3)the sea …with no ripples at all … sat in of blue4) the red ball (the sun)5) and the sky a tender palette of pink and blue (para.26)similePara.1: it is as in a moving picture that I can note the grace of her gestures2) dismissive as Pharisee3)as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid doing water color of sunsets4) I let my imagination play over the recesses of Laura’s character, so austere in the foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness, like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome. (simile)Para. 19 gives a cry like a sea bird to announce his coming6)we are as pleased as children when our game succeeds7)1 like the footfall of naked feet in the dust, silent as a cat passing.8) the faint creaking.as of the saddle-leather to a horseman riding across turfAlliteration:And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid….Para. 8. bleached and barren flat and featurelessMetonymyIn the evening she wears soft rich colorsHe says he used to read me.EuphemismI want my fill of beauty before I goPersonificationThe young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics…. Transferred epithetThe clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of the waterI had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the south…Bur above all 1 love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been.HyperboleI wondered what mortal controlled it in what must be one of the loneliest, most forbidding spots on earth.OnomatopoeiaAnd then 1 like all the small noises of a ship: the faint creaking. as of the saddle-Leather to a horseman riding across turf，the slap of a rope.The hiss of sudden spray.Oxymoron: para.4: I am gloriously and adolescently sillyP e r so nifi ca tionThe young moon Ii es01/ her bnck lonighl as is her Iwbi t in lhe lropics，and a s，I Lh ink.i s s uitable if nOt seemly for a virgi l/.Transferred e pit h e t..and thc cool S lI ppOrl of thc w a l e rI had no temptalion 10 rake afly;呼 holiday 10 lhe s oulhBur above all 1love these long pllrposeless days in which J shed all that I have ever been.H y p e rbo l e1 wondered what monal conlr O川ed it，i n whal mu s I be one of th 巳!on e Li e sf，mo stforb id d ingS pOLS on earth..OnomatopoeiaAnd then 1 like all the s mall noises of a ship: the faint creaking. as of the saddle-Ieather to a horsemanriding across turf，the sJap of a rope. the hiss of suddens pray.。

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。

高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。

在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。

以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。

例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。

2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。

例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。

3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。

例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。

6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。

例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。

7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。

例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。

以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。

一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet a s a bird .―C an I have these old qui lts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot l ong and hanging from his chin likea kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的） barley pancake.④The oratorial（雄辩的） storm that Clarence Darrow a nd Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept likea fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile （易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的） masses of the Hun soldiery pl odding（沉重缓慢地走） on like a swarm（群） of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（1） metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

现代⼤学英语6修辞总结⾼英II 修辞总结Unit 1 : 1. Satire:1) This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus,a divine.2) Murray is the voice of Spencer our time; he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles. 2. Irony:1) This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2) Couples in love should repair to R.H. Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3) ```Social Darwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel. 4) It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetoricalpreoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. 5) In the enduring words of Profe ssor Milton Friedman, people mustbe “free to choose”.6) All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent formBentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3. Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination agai nst people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1. Simile:1) Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick s prays of wild orchids. 2) The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliad s.3) The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2. Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayou once when a hurricane blew the w ater out.3. Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere; from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```4. Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there w as a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5. Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary sire n song.6. Comparison: 1) King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2) With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:1. Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events are cosmic: Theychange the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2. Metaphor: 1) It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2) How all my town territory would be altered, as if alandslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3. Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals ingoods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only uselessbut often deadly.Unit 4:1. Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and apresence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3. Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval?4. (通感)：1) All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happyenergy. (happy 实际上是⽤来修饰“我”)4. Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of single explanation, again st```, against```(unit 5) Unit 6:1. Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as though torture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, the pig righted himself. 2. Biblic al allusion:1) From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;2) The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.3. Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4. Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishm ent in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(对作者来说，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)5. Humorous:1) The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchardto the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2) I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power ofdivination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sor t of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses )3) This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantlyappealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment. 4) This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal determination; if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6. Parallel structure:1) ```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours inmid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```2) ```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismalsky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm``。

英语修辞手法１、Simｉle明喻明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.标志词常用liｋｅ, ａs, seem, as if, ａs thｏugｈ, ｓｉmiｌar tｏ, ｓuch ａs 等。

例如:1>。

He waｓlｉke aｃｏｃk wｈo tｈouｇｈｔtｈe sunｈad ｒｉsｅｎto heａr ｈim crｏｗ、2＞、I ｗaｎdereｄlonely aｓa clouｄ。

3＞。

Eｉnstｅin oｎly had a blaｎkｅｔon, ａs iｆｈe had jｕst walkeｄｏu ｔoｆaｆairy tale、2。

Metaｐhor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:1〉。

Ｈｏpe ｉｓa gｏod breaｋｆast, but ｉｔiｓ a badｓupｐｅr、２＞.Soｍe books are to be tasｔed, otｈｅrsｓwallowed, ａndｓome few ｔo beｃhewｅd and digestｅｄ。

3、Metonｙmy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、I。

以容器代替内容,例如:1>。

The kettlｅboils、水开了、2〉。

Thｅｒoom sat ｓilenｔ、全屋人安静地坐着。

II。

以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:Lend me your eaｒs, plｅａse.请听我说、ＩＩＩ.以作者代替作品,例如:a ｐlete Shaｋespｅare 莎士比亚全集ＶＩ、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ｉhａｄthe ｍusｃle, aｎｄtｈey mａde ｍoney ｏut of iｔ、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。

4、Syｎｅcdocｈe 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、例如:1>。

英语修辞手法1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

浅析《高级英语》中的修辞》《高级英语》是一本深受英美学习者亲睐的语言学书籍，书中的修辞除具有色彩斑斓的语言外，还加入了各种常用的修辞手段。

下面，就具体说说其中一些常用的修辞手段吧。

1. 拟人：指明原言外其义，以展示文章主题，或节节渗出作者的情感。

如“He stood alone like a mountain in his duty.”（他屹立在他的责任上，孤身一人，如同一座山。

）2. 比喻：比喻是一种形象性的手段，用比喻比喻出两个不同的事物之间的联系，从而营造深刻的意境。

如“Life is like a roller coaster.”（生活如过山车一般。

）3. 排比：把同一性质的事物连在一起，表达作者的切中点锋、犀利言辞，使文章句式更加生动形象。

如“Determination, courage and perseverance are the key to success.”（决心、勇气和毅力是取得成功的关键。

）4. 夸张：用大量的超越现实的词语，使读者感受到文中的爆炸感、张力感，以激发读者的情绪。

如“It was a million-billion times worse than anything I had ever imagined.”（它远远超乎我的想象，百万亿倍之恶劣。

）5. 引语：引用他人的言论，来表达作者的思想和情感，使文章生变雅量，因而令人触动，造成强烈的感染。

如“As a famous scientist said, ‘There is no failure exceptin no longer trying.’ ”（正如一位著名科学家所说：“唯有不再尝试才是失败。

”）以上就是《高级英语》中一些常用修辞手段，用它们，不但可以使文章更加具有说服力，还可以帮助学习者更加深入地理解文章内容。

高英第六册修辞整理（仅供参考）Lesson one1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony2 however Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony.9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration10 The second design in this great centuries-old tradition is to argue that any form of public help to the poor only hurts the poor. Irony 11 this is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. Irony metaphor12 Can we really believe that any considerable number of the poor prefer welfare to a good job? Or that business people–corporate executives, rhetorical question13 Again, expenditure on national defense is excepted. Irony14 This is possibly the mos t transparent of all of the designs;Irony15Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. Inversion16. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, irony17 All, save perhaps the last, are in great inventive descent from Bentham, irony18 and his colleagues are clearly in a notable tradition irony19 So are the philosophers now celebrated in Washington: George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, irony20 he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity i n high Washington circles. IronyLesson 21 But these mark of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song simile allusion2 the memories of this trip have colored my life. Flashback3 in this deep and room box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies inversion4 one big kettle stood up on three long legs to sit over a firepersonification5 its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling simile6 as an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto simile7 the burly arms of the oaks were huge with and ……….the woods were tossing with jewels simile8 not without trepidation, papa made arrangements……. double negative9 17 段最后一句was not dissimilar to the ……… double negative10 there was the little shack, not the most gracious of livingquarters …………understatement11 there was also, and most important, a cook stove ……periodic sentence12 20 段倒数第二句that quacked us awakeat …..onomatopoeia13 the big house in the trees looked safe and sturdy…..alliteration14 suddenly, sometime that summer, a day came when all work ceased…………periodic sentenceLesson 31. The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack. Metaphor2...the accident at Chernobyl amounts to a serious but local fire that destroyed the plant. Anti-climax3. But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in goods-things that serve a useful purpose –this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”pun4.The purpose is less a lament over the war’s numero us casualties than an inquiry into ……metaphorLesson 41. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence---the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Personification2. They might have followed the boys out from town…..subjunctive mood3. How all my own territory would be altered, as if alandside ….metaphor, simile4. A common name, A stupid flat-faced child with dirty blond hair. Elliptical sentences5….leaving husband and house a nd all the things acquired…. alliteration6….a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage metaphor7. ….was it delicacy or disapproval? alliteration8. All that afternoon that the men were gone I was full of happy energy transferred epithet9. I stood …., when we were soaked and safe and ….. alliterationLesson five1. Had that been so, the Indians, for whom the radio was even more favorable,……over the seas. Subjunctive mood2. termed the “hedgehogs”, who know one big thing, as against the “foxes”, who know many small things. metaphor3. Yet most of the time Americans have foxily mistrusted…4. Ideology thus presupposes…to the custody of an infallible priesthood. satire5.第16段多处against, a universe parallelism6. …against the notion that all answers ….. in the back of some sacred book sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦)7. But ideology is a drug. metaphor8. But the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse. RepetitionLesson 71. We observe today not a victory of the party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as change. Repetition, balanced structure2. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Contrast3. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe---the belief come not from the …but from the hand of God. Biblical language4. Let the world go forth from this time and place, to friends and foe alike. Alliteration5….that torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans…metaphor6….oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty alliteration7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do---for we dare not meet a powerful challenge… antithesis8. 6,7,8段以“to those”开头repetition9….those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tige r ended up inside. Metaphor10.If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich. Antithesis11.But this peaceful revolution cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Metaphor12. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its house. Metaphor13….our last best hope have in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace. Antithesis14. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. Emphatic structure, repetition15….yet both racing to alter that uncertain ……stays the hand of mankind’s final war. Synecdoche16. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Chiasmus17. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Antithesis18’ to “undo the heavy burdens…and let the oppressed go free” biblical quotation19. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…metaphor20.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest…..inver sion21. …..not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need---not as a call to battle, though embattled we are repetition，antithesis22. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance alliteration23. –and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Metaphor24. Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Antithesis, repetitionLesson 91.They say “Aiken” and you see a white butterfly glance off a fence with a torn wing. Metaphor2.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir. They are as sweet and plain as buttercake. Metaphor3.The dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions. Irony, repetition4.They worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair. Repetition5.What they do not know is that this plain brown girl will build her neststick by stick, make it her own inviolable world, and stand guard over its every plant… metaphor6. Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything. Antithesis7. Pecola backed out of the room, staring at the pretty milk-brown lady in the pretty gold-and-green house who was talking to her through the cat’s fur. Irony补充1. Murray is the voice of Spencer in our time. Antonomasia2．It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon metonymy。

高英1-6修辞Rhetorical devices applied in Advanced English from unit 1 to unit 6Book I(rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.periodic sentence; irony etc.) Unit11)You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square intoa cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearinga way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.-- parallelism3)Bargaining is the order of the day, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing, and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4)It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.—metaphor ,personification5)In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe—the red of the live coals glowing bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.--consonance6) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.--metaphor7)The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.--metaphor8) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… personification9)It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud-brick roof are only dimly visible.—metaphor 10）The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds—even thousands—of years.---hyperboleUnit 21 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan.—irony2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration3 And secondly. because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official mightsay.—metaphor4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—metonymy6 Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the slain in onesecond, where thousands upon thousands upon thousands of people had been die in slow agony.—parallelism7 Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird ,and add it to the others.—euphemism 8 There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .—synecdoche9 “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. --anticlimax10 But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .—alliterationUnit 31 but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.—understatement2 Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forest-land, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities.—parallelism sentence3 This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.--irony4 Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef --.alliteration5 According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .--metonymy.6 What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?—metaphor7 Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?—metaphor Unit 41 And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. --hyperbole2 I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .—hyperbole3 After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor4 “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s” .Wangero said ,laughing .--ironic.5 You didn’t eve n have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .--metaphor6 “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilt s?”--simile7 She gasped like a bee had stung her .—simile8 She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no” is a word the world never learned to say to her.—metaphor personification9 You’ve no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has “made it “is confronted, as a surprise, by her owe mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage.—elliptical sentence10 She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground---.parallelism11 She was determined to stare down any disaster in herefforts.—metaphorUnit 51 Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.--metaphor2 If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.—hyperbole3 But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.--metaphor4 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.----simile, alliteration5 I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.-----metaphor6 I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.-----metaphor personification7 We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. -----parallelism8 I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.—metaphor alliteration9 Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind..—metaphor10 We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help. we have rid theearth of his shadow and liberated it peoples from is yoke.—metaphor; parallelism11 It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say: if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.----periodic sentence12. He has so long thrived and prospered.___ repetition13. But can you doubt what our policy will be?--- rhetorical question14. From this nothing will turn us —nothing, but this I will say--- inversionUnit 61 Metaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.I’ll spell it out.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himthey'll throw the book,...2 In what conceivable way does our car concern you?—rhetorical question3…and you took a lady friend .Leastways, I guess you’d call her that if you’re not too fussy.—euphemism4.Metonymy:…won 100 at the tables5.Onomatopoeia: …appreciative chuckle …clucked his tongue。

高级英语修辞情况总结Rhetorical Devi ___s 一、明喻（simile ）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词 like, as, as if, as though 等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的 ___和相似之处是暗含的。

1、Ger ___n guns and Ger ___n planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德 ___枪炮和飞机将 ___、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and ___nter of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、 Allusion（（暗引））其特点是不注明和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在 ___的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。

1. Simile: a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison recognized by the use of words like, as, seem, as if, as though, such as.e.g. Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.…and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. Itwas as if a sack of grain was supported by a match box.The pen to a writer is what a gun to a fighter.We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consumewealth without producing it.Words and feather are tossed by the wind.When he moves, his little agility suggested a tame panther without the claws.2. Metaphor: a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.e.g. The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams.(compare: Happiness is like sunshine: it is made up of very little beams.Money is bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drown in it.Beware of little expenses. A small leak will sink a great ship.I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed.His hostility melted.By this time the volcanic fires of his nature had burnt down.3. parallelism: comes from Greek, it means to be alongside one another. It put the words, phrases, clauses and sentences similar or close in meaning, or structure alongside one another.e.g. with this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, togo to jail together…It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.4. Antithesis: the rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangement of words, clauses or sentences.e.g. when poverty comes in at the door, love flies out at the window.Men make houses, women make home.We found ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.As for me: give me liberty or give me death.5. allusion(典故,隐喻,: usually an implicit reference, perhaps to another work of literature or art, to a person or an event.e.g. Y our want your pound of flesh?I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met mywaterloo.6. Anaphora: the rhetorical device of repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.eg. Let us be dissatisfied until America…Let us dissatisfied until slums…Let us be dissatisfied until integration…7. Chiasmus(交错配列词: a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phraseseg. A well-educated man should know something of everything and everything of something.An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in everyopportunity.Love makes time pass, time makes love pass.8. Paradox is a statement that appears to be logically contradictory and yet may be true, the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought.e.g. More haste, less speed.The Child is father of the Man9. Alliteration: 头韵occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in successioneg. A misty morning may have a fine day.He remained loyal to me through thick and thin.He is as proud as a peacock.10. Transferred epithet : 修饰转换\移位修饰the transference of an adjective to a noun to which it is not wholly appropriateeg. There was a short, thoughtful silence.This is the cheapest market in this country.He closed his busy life at the age of sixty.11. Understatement: Understatement is used when a speaker wants to a make a situation seem less strong or important than it is. It is often, but not always, expressed by the negation of the opposite.eg. London is not the cheapest place in the world. (London is expensiveHe's a little on the old side. (Her new husband is oldI wouldn't say it tasted great. (The food is terrible12. Hyperbole: deliberate and obvious exaggeration used for effect.eg. Her wrinkles weigh more than she does! (she is very oldMy history teacher's so old, he lived through everything we've learned about ancientGreeceI think of you a million times a day.13. Metonymy: (转喻the kind of figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of that of another associated with or suggested by it.e.g. He is too fond of the bottle.The crown presided the new year party in the palace.14. Synecdoche: (提喻 in which a term is used in one of the following ways:∙Part of something is used to refer to the whole thing or∙A thing (a "whole" is used to refer to part of it or∙A specific class of thing is used to refer to a larger, more general class, or∙A general class of thing is used to refer to a smaller, more specific class, or∙A material is used to refer to an object composed of that material, or∙A container is used to refer to its contents.Eg. He earns his bread by writing.Australia beat Canada at cricket.He is the Newton of this century.He was hurt and he needed Band-Aid. (for any variety of adhesive bandageShe was dressed in silks.Ps: 最后两种修辞比较容易混淆, synecdoche重点“部分代整体\整体代部分\材料代成品”。

高英第六册修辞整理Lesson one1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony2 owever Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony.9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration10 The second design in this great centuries-old tradition is to arguethat any form of public help to the poor only hurts the poor. Irony 11 this is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. Irony metaphor12 Can we really believe that any considerable number of the poor prefer welfare to a good job? Or that business people–corporate executives, rhetorical question13 Again, expenditure on national defense is excepted. Irony14 This is possibly the mos t transparent of all of the designs;Irony15Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. Inversion16. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, irony17 All, save perhaps the last, are in great inventive descent from Bentham, irony18 and his colleagues are clearly in a notable tradition irony19 So are the philosophers now celebrated in Washington: George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, irony20 he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity i n high Washington circles. IronyLesson 21 But these mark of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song simile allusion2 the memories of this trip have colored my life. Flashback3 in this deep and room box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies inversion4 one big kettle stood up on three long legs to sit over a firepersonification5 its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling simile6 as an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto simile7 the burly arms of the oaks were huge with and ……….the woods were tossing with jewels simile8 not without trepidation, papa made arrangements……. double negative9 17 段最后一句was not dissimilar to the ……… double negative10 there was the little shack, not the most gracious of livingquarters …………understat ement11 there was also, and most important, a cook stove ……periodic sentence12 20 段倒数第二句that quacked us awakeat …..onomatopoeia13 the big house in the trees looked safe and sturdy…..alliteration14 suddenly, sometime that summer, a day came when all work ceased…………periodic sentenceLesson 31. The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack. Metaphor2...the accident at Chernobyl amounts to a serious but local fire that destroyed the plant. Anti-climax3. But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in goods-things that serve a useful purpose –this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”pun4.The purpose is less a lament over the war’s numerous casualties than an inquiry into ……metaphorLesson 41. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence---the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Personification2. They might have followed the boys out from town…..subjunctive mood3. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landside ….metaphor, simile4. A common name, A stupid flat-faced child with dirty blond hair. Elliptical sentences5….leaving husband and house and all the things acquired…. alliteration6….a long nec essary voyage from the house of marriage metaphor7. ….was it delicacy or disapproval? alliteration8. All that afternoon that the men were gone I was full of happy energy transferred epithet9. I stood …., when we were soaked and safe and ….. alliterationLesson five1. Had that been so, the Indians, for whom the radio was even more favorable,……over the seas. Subjunctive mood2. termed the “hedgehogs”, who know one big thing, as against the “foxes”, who know many small things. metaphor3. Yet most of the time Americans have foxily mistrusted…4. Ideology thus presupposes…to the custody of an infallible priesthood. satire5.第16段多处against, a universe parallelism6. …against the notion that all answers ….. in the back of some sacredbook sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦)7. But ideology is a drug. metaphor8. But the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse. RepetitionLesson 71. We observe today not a victory of the party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as change. Repetition, balanced structure2. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Contrast3. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe---the belief come not from the …but from the hand of God. Biblical language4. Let the world go forth from this time and place, to friends and foe alike. Alliteration5….that torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans…metaphor6….oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty alliteration7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do---for we dare not meet a powerfulchallenge… antithesis8. 6,7,8段以―to those‖开头repetition9….those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Metaphor10.If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich. Antithesis11.But this peaceful revolution cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Metaphor12. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its house. Metaphor13….our last best hope have in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace. Antithesis14. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. Emphatic structure, repetition15….yet both racing to alter that uncertain ……stays the hand of m ankind’s final war. Synecdoche16. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Chiasmus17. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Antithesis18’ to ―undo the heavy burdens…and let the oppressed go free‖biblical quotation19. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…metaphor20.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest…..invertion21. …..not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need---not as a call to battle, though embattled we are repetition22. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance alliteration23. –and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Metaphor24. Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Antithesis, repetitionLesson 91.They say ―Aiken‖ and you see a white butterfly glance off a fence with a torn wing. Metaphor2.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir. They are as sweet and plain as buttercake. Metaphor3.The dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions. Irony, repetition4.They worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair. Repetition5.What they do not know is that this plain brown girl will build her nest stick by stick, make it her own inviolable world, and stand guard over itsevery plant… metaphor6.Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything. Antithesis7.Pecola backed out of the room, staring at the pretty milk-brown lady in the pretty gold-and-green house who was talking to her through the cat’s fur. Irony疑问：老师，下面几个我们不确定是否正确，老师帮忙看一下吧。