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《红楼梦》两英译本死亡委婉语翻译的文化比较一、引言作为中国著名古典小说之一，《红楼梦》对中国文学史影响非同凡响。
它突出的文学成就以及艺术魅力吸引了许多翻译家把它翻译成各种语言。
自19世纪以来，已经有多种英译本陆续问世，这些译本为跨文化交流作出了重要的贡献。
《红楼梦》的两个英译本，一个是英国出版的David Hawkes 译本 The Story of the Stone,另一个是1978年在出版的杨宪益、戴乃迭(Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang)译本 A Dream of Red Mansions。
两个英译本都有自己的鲜明特征，译者都显露了自己深厚的文学造诣。
同时，他们在文学翻译都有各自的得失。
二、两个英译本的比较作为源语语言文学和译语语言文学的中间人，译者在完成翻译任务中扮演了关键的角色。
在对源语读者语言、风格、文化信息正确理解的基础上，译者会考虑如何把他们所理解的东西表达出来。
他们应该跟源语的想法一样：比如，如何选择正确的方法把正确的意思翻译出来，如何把场景描述生动，如何让人物形象更有魅力，如何体现写作风格，以及如何传达原文化等等。
这本身就是一个重现和再创造的过程。
但不同的人有不同的思维、表达方式，就算是相同的文章，不同的译者的译文也不尽相同。
为了说明这点，笔者将从《红楼梦》的两个英译本中引用一些例子，并从以下方面进行进一步的探讨。
(一)理解理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。
这是至关重要的一步。
理解是翻译的基础，否则翻译将是空中楼阁。
大多数翻译错误都是由译者的误解造成的。
没有正确的理解，译者传达的就不是原文的意思。
其实任何对原意的改动都是对原著的不忠诚。
抛弃了原有观点的翻译，已经不是那个翻译了。
对汉语的理解包括对词意和句子的理解以及背景知识的理解。
《红楼梦》是一部“封建社会的百科全书”，这个社会的一切特点诸如等级制度，伦理道德等都渗透在字里行间。
汉语与英语是两种差距很大的语言，很多习惯说法不好懂，这也增加了翻译的困难。
中国古代部分书籍名著的英文译名《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica《红楼梦》A Deam in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio《论语》Analects of Confucius《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers / Mountain and Sea Classics 《围城》A Surrounded City《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West中国古代部分书籍名著的英文译名《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica《红楼梦》A Deam in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio《论语》Analects of Confucius《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers / Mountain and Sea Classics 《围城》A Surrounded City《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West。
中国古典四大名著英文中国古典四大名著英文中国古典四大名著是中国文化的重要组成部分，在中国有着极高的地位。
这四部巨著是《红楼梦》、《西游记》、《水浒传》和《三国演义》。
这些作品描绘了中国的历史、文化、传统和价值观，在人们心中留下了深刻的印象。
现在，让我们来了解一下这些作品的英文名称及其简介。
《红楼梦》The Dream of the Red Chamber《红楼梦》是中国古典小说，由清代作家曹雪芹所著。
这部小说基于曹雪芹的亲身经历、传闻和想象，描绘了官宦世家的生活和沉沦。
小说详细地描述了贾宝玉和林黛玉之间的爱情和悲剧，并反映了封建社会的虚荣和空虚。
这部小说经常被认为是中国文化的经典之作，也是世界文学史上的瑰宝。
《西游记》Journey to the West《西游记》是中国古典小说，由明代作家吴承恩所著。
这部小说描写了唐朝僧人玄奘师徒四人西天取经的故事。
小说中的主人公孙悟空是中国文化中最著名的神话形象之一。
孙悟空具有超凡能力，可以说是一位真正的英雄。
此外，书中还描绘了其他许多各具特色的人物，并通过他们的故事，反映了中国封建社会的观念和文化特点。
《水浒传》The Water Margin《水浒传》是中国古典小说，由明代作家施耐庵所著。
小说讲述了开封府八十万禁军中的英雄好汉刘备、关羽、张飞等人的传奇故事。
这些英雄好汉都因被迫而作恶，最后通过奋斗和牺牲，成为了社会的正义力量。
这部丰富多彩的小说描绘了中国乡村和城市社会的生活和文化，反映了封建社会的封建主义和封建道德。
《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》是中国古典小说，由明代作家罗贯中所著。
这部小说讲述了从东汉末年到西晋建立期间的战争故事。
小说中的主要人物是曹操、刘备和孙权等人，他们在艰难的战斗中遭受了许多挫折。
故事表达了忠诚、勇气和智慧的重要性，也反映了中国封建社会的政治、社会和文化生活。
总结中国古典四大名著是世界文学史上的重要巨著。
中国古典长篇小说四大名著，简称四大名著（Four Great Classical Novels），是指《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》这四部巨著。
四大名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。
此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，都有着极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。
可谓中国文学史上的四座伟大丰碑。
其常见英译名如下：《三国演义》----The Romance of the Three Kindoms《水浒传》----The Story by the Water Margin《红楼梦》----The Dream of the Red Chamber《西游记》----Journey to the West中国四大名著英文简介红楼梦 The Dream of the Red ChamberDream of the Red Chamber, also called The Story of the Stone, composed by Cao Xueqin, is one ofChina's Four Great Classical Novels. It was written sometime in the middle of the 18th century duringthe Qing Dynasty. Long considered a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generallyacknowledged to be the pinnacle of Chinese fiction. "Redology" is the field of study devoted exclusively tothis work.The title has also been translated as Red Chamber Dream and A Dream of Red Mansions. The novelcirculated in manuscript copies with various titles until its print publication, in 1791. Gao E, who preparedthe first and second printed editions with his partner Cheng Weiyuan in 1791–2, added 40 additionalchapters to complete the novel.Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, mirroring the rise and decline of author CaoXueqin's own family and, by extension, of the Qing Dynasty. As the author details in the first chapter, it isintended to be a memorial to the damsels he knew in his youth: friends, relatives and servants. The novel isremarkable not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope, but also for its precise anddetailed observation of the life and social structures typical of 18th-century Chinese society.Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹(d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉.With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Q ing China.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is setin the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinesehistory, starting in 169 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280.The story – part historical, part legend, and part mythical – romanticises and dramatises the lives of feudallords and their retainers, who tried to replace the dwindling Han dynasty or restore it. While the novelfollows hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the three power blocs that emerged from theremnants of the Han dynasty, and would eventually form the three states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and EasternWu. The novel deals with the plots, personal and military battles, intrigues, and struggles of these states toachieve dominance for almost 100 years.Romance of the Three Kingdoms is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chineseliterature; it has a total of 800,000 words and nearly a thousand dramatic characters (mostly historical) in120 chapters. The novel is among the most beloved works of literature in East Asia, and its literaryinfluence in the region has been compared to that of the works of Shakespeare on English literature. It isarguably the most widely read historical novel in late imperial and modern China.Romance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynast y where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, dueto widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated hissuperiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that hishabit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was outgathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empressof Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldestdaughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role ofmatchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her oldersister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdomsbiography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack therival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh / Water MarginWater Margin is a Chinese novel attributed to Shi Nai'an. Considered one of the Four Great ClassicalNovels ofChinese literature, the novel is written in vernacular Chinese rather than Classical Chinese.The story, set in the Song dynasty, tells of how a group of 108 outlaws gather at Mount Liang (orLiangshan Marsh) to form a sizable army before they are eventually granted amnesty by the governmentand sent on campaigns to resist foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces. It has introduced to readersmany of the best-known characters in Chinese literature, such as Wu Song, Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen.The novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings".晁盖平生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。
《红楼梦》书名翻译重大失误，智者千虑必有一失，大意失荆州
李田心
《红楼梦》的英语译名A Dream of Red Mansions 是重大错误翻译。
第一个大错误是其中的of用法不对。
“红楼梦”的意思是红楼中的梦或者红楼里的梦。
英语of不能表示“中”或者“里”。
of表示“的”。
红楼没有梦，（人们在）红楼里（做）的梦。
第二个大错误是把“红楼”翻译成Red Mansions（红色的大楼）。
《红楼梦》中的“红楼”的意思不是红色的大楼了，是高级住房的意思。
汉语有很多词有“红”字，其中的“红”已经没有红的字面意义了，如“红娘”、“红包”等，我们不能把“红娘”或者“红包”翻译成red mother或者red parcel. 《红楼梦》的正确英语译名是：A Dream in Mansion Houses或者A Dream in Big Hair Houses,还可以是A Dream at Mansion Houses或者A Dream at Big Hair Houses。
中国古代部分书籍名著的英文译名中国古代部分书籍名著的英文译名《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica《红楼梦》 A Deam in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio《论语》 Analects of Confucius《三国演义》 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers / Mountain and Sea Classics《围城》 A Surrounded City《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber《西游记》 Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Words of Mencius《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《战国策》Stratagems of the Warring States《史记》Records of the Grand Historian《世纪新说》New sayings of the World《西行漫记》Red Star over China|考试大收集整理1.四书 The Four Books2.五经 The Five Classics3.《大学》 The Great Learning4.《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean,The Way of Medium5.《论语》The Analects of Confucious,The Confucious Analects6.道德经 The Classic of the Virtue of the Dao,The Book of Lao Zi,Dao De Jing7.《孟子》 The Work of Mencious,Mencious8.《书经/尚书》 The Book of History9.《易经/周易》 The Book of Changes10.《礼记》The Book of Rites,The Book of Social Changes Ceremonies11.《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals12.《史记》 History of Records,Records of the History13.《楚辞》 Poetry of the South14.《左传》 Zuo Commentary(Spring and Autumn of Mr.Lu)15.《孙子兵法》 The Art of War16.《墨子》 Modi17.《非攻》 Condemnation of Offensive War18.《商君书》 The Book of Lord Shang19.《更法》 The Reform of the Law20.《过秦论》 The Faults of Qin21.《完壁归赵》 Return the Jade Intact to the State of Zhao22.《毛遂自荐》 Mao Sui Recommends Himself23.《苏武牧羊》 Su Wu Tends Sheep24.《洛神赋》 The Goddess of the Luo25.《出师表》 Memorial on Going to War。
