重庆市第一中学高三英语3月月考试题

重庆市第一中学2021届高三英语上学期第三次月考试题（含解析）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。

2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选岀最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank.B. In a restaurant.C. In a hospital.2. What will the woman most probably do this Friday?A. Do some shopping.B. Watch a movie.C. Organize a sales promotion.3. What does the woman think of the trip to Indonesia?A. Safe.B. Dangerous.C. Exciting.4. How much does the man make in a year?A. £49,000.B. £50,000.C. £ 60,000.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The man's travel experience.B. A flight to Romania.C. Family members.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

重庆市第一中学2019-2020学年高一英语上学期10月月考试题第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.听力部分（共二节，每小题1分，满分20分）第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will the woman do in the summer holiday?A.Work in the library.B.Have extra classes.C.Visit her grandparents.2.How did the man get the ring?A.The woman gave it to him.B.He got it from his parents.C.He bought it from a shopping mall.3.When is the project supposed to be finished?A.While the man is on the trip.B.After the trip is over.C.The day before the trip starts.4.Why does the woman want a part-time job during holiday?A.To earn more money.B.To practice working skills.C.To apply for a good college.5.Why isn’t the woman running faster?A.She always runs slowly.B.She just ran a race and is tired.C.Her leg has been hurting.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2022-2023学年重庆市第一中学校高三3月月考英语试题1. Wedding Traditions and Superstitions (迷信)Good luck and bad luckHey, brides, hide a sugar cube into your glove according to Greek culture, the sugar will sweeten your union. In English tradition, Wednesday is considered the “best day” to marry. Ancient Romans studied pig insides to determine the luckiest time to marry. Rain on your wedding day is actually considered good luck, according to Hindu tradition. For good luck, Egyptian women pinch (掐) the bride on her wedding day. Ouch!It’s got a ring to itDiamonds set in gold or silver became popular as engagement rings among wealthy Venetians toward the end of the 15th century. A pearl engagement ring is said to be bad luck because its shape echoes that of a tear. Snake rings dotted with ruby eyes were popular wedding bands in Victorian England, which symbolized elernity. Aquamarine is said to ensure along, happy marriage.Show off at a partyThe Roman goddess Juno rules over marriage, the hearth and childbirth, hence the popularity of June weddings. Princess Victoria established the tradition of playing Wagner’s “Bridal Chorus” during her wedding in 1858. The bride stands to the groom’s left during a Chris tian ceremony, while the Catholic tradition of “posting the banns” to announce a marriage originated as a way to ensure the bride and groom were not related.Fashionable loreIn Asia, wearing robes with embroidered cranes symbolizes loyalty for the length of a marriage. In Korea, brides wear bright hues of red and yellow to take their vows (宣誓). In Denmark, brides and grooms traditionally cross-dressed to confuse evil spirits.Food and familyIn South Africa, the parents of both bride and groom traditionally carried fire from their hearths to light a new fire in the newlyweds’ hearth. Legend says single women will dream of their future husbands if they sleep with a slice of groom’s cake under their pillows.1. Which of the following may bring good luck to newlyweds?A．A sugar cube. B．A slice of groom’s cake.C．A pig’s insides.D．A pearl engagement ring.2. Which wedding tradition originated from religion?A．The popularity of June weddings.B．Women guests pinching the bride.C．The bride standing to the groom’s right.D．“Posting the banns” to announce a marriage.3. What may Asian newlyweds find socially acceptable at their weddings?A．Lighting a new fire.B．Brides dressed in red and yellow.C．Playing Wagner’s “Bridal Chorus”.D．Cross-dressing brides and grooms.2. I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight illness — hay fever, I thought it was. I got down the book, and read all I came to read: and then, I began to casually study diseases generally. Turning over the pages, I came to typhoid fever, read the symptoms and discovered that I had it. I was wondering what else I had got, and St. Vitus’s Dance turned up, which I thought I also had. So I determined to go through it thoroughly and so started alphabetically (照字母顺序排列的): ague I had, just in the acute stage. Cholera I had with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with.I sat and considered. What an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view! What a learning materia l I should be to a medical class! Students would have no need to “walk the hospitals”, if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk around me, and, after that, take their diploma!I went to my doctor, who is an old friend of mine. I thought I would do him a good turn by going to him now. “What a doctor wants”, I said, “is practice. He will get more practice out of me than out of 1,700 of his ordinary, commonplace patients, with only one or two diseases each.” He said: “Well, what’s the matter with you?” I said, “I will not take up your time, with telling you what is the matter with me. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. I have not got a housemaid’s knee (髌前囊炎). Everything else, however, I have got.” And I tol d him how I came to discover it all.He felt my pulse, looked at my tongue, and talked about the weather as usual, all for nothing. Then he wrote out a prescription, folded it up and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out. I did not open it. I took it to the nearest chemist’s and handed it in. The man read it and then handed it back. I read the prescription. It ran:“beefsteak, every 6 hours.ten-mile walk every morning.bed at 11 sharp every night.And don’t stuff up your head with things you don’t understand.”1. Why did the author go to the British Museum the other day?A．To see a doctor.B．To study medicine.C．To go to an exhibition.D．To seek for a treatment.2. How did the author find himself affected with various “illnesses”?A．Through a routine check-up.B．By reading the medical book.C．By consulting with experts.D．Through self-imagination.3. What can we infer from paragraph 2?A．The writer was put in charge of a hospital.B．The writer could treat his diseases on his own.C．The writer was refusing professional medical training.D．The writer considered himself valuable to medical study.4. Which of the following can be the main idea of the text?A．It’s never too late to learn.B．A disease known is half cured.C．An apple a day keeps the doctor away.D．Don’t trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.3. The highlights of every World Cup are the impossible goals, especially the arc (弧线) ball goals. It’s breathtaking to watch. Every spin (旋转) of the ball moves air across the surface, pushing it into a bend.When a soccer ball flies, the air forms a layer around the surface of the ball. As the balls pins, it changes the direction of the air to one side, says John Bush, an applied mathematician at MIT. This air pushes the ball in the opposite direction. The player starts with a strike on the outside of his right foot, which hits the left side of the ball, starting a clockwise spin. It throws the air off to the left, and the force created by the air leaving the ball pushes it to the right, explains Bush. Thus, a ball spinning to the right (that’s clockwise) will also are towards the right. This force is called the Magnus Effect.It helps the goalkeepers, because they see uniform curvature (曲度) when players are taking bending s hots at them. If they can pick up the spin right, it’s going to be the same amount of curvature, and they know where to put their hands. This is partly why players are much more likely to take bending shots during free kicks when goalkeepers can’t see thei r kicks quite as well because of the wall of defenders. If a ball isn’t spinning, it does something called knuckling, where the air turns the ball to one side in random directions, causing it to bounce in-the air unpredictably. “It’s usually achieved when a player manages a sharp, fast touch of the ball, typically right on the air valve where the ball is most firm.” say a Bush. Its lack of spin kept the goalkeeper from being able to predict where itwas going until it was too late. All the goalkeepers tremble before the kicker that can shoot this kind of soccer ball.1. What is the Magnus Effect according to the text?A．The force applied to a spinning ball. B．The theory proposed by John Bush.C．The direction opposite to a player’s strike.D．The goal scored with a bending ball.2. Why do soccer players prefer to take bending shots during free kicks?A．Because they can change the ball’s curvature.B．Because they can take bending shots more easily.C．Because they can get a cover from their team males.D．Because they can trick their way past the opposing defenders.3. Which shot might be the most predictable for goalkeepers?A．A free-kicks hot.B．A fast shot without spinning·C．A shot with a unique curvature.D．A bending shot without defensive blocking.4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this text?A．To explain how to score an arc ball goal.B．To uncover the secret of blocking a goal.C．To analyze the principle of a bending ball.D．To introduce a theory of applied mathematics.4. Aimed exclusi vely at Stanford’s information technology (IT) community, the Elimination of Harmful Language Initiative (EHLI) sought to address potentially “harmful language” on Stanford websites. The guide reportedly listed 10 categories of offensive languages: violent, person-first, institutionalized racism etc. Among the discouraged words and terms were “manpower” because it “strengthens male-dominated language;” “walk-in” because “walk” trivializes (轻视) people with disabilities; and “whitepaper” because white “assign s value connections based on color(white=good);” It also suggests not using the phrase “long time no see” because it “was originally used to mock (模仿，嘲弄) Indigenous pc op les and Chinese who spoke pidgin (混杂语) English” because it is seen as disrespectful as it radicalize s people of Asian origin as forever opposite‘others’.”Stanford recommended the alternatives “workforce” for “manpower,” “drop-in” for “walk-in,” “position paper” for “whitepaper,” “I haven’t seen you in so long!” for “long time no see”. It alsoincluded “American” because it implies “that the U.S. is the most important country in the Americas,” excluding dozens of other nations. The alternative offered was “U.S. citizen.”Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, a professor at Stanford School of Medicine, said in an interview with Fox News. “It doesn’t actually encourage respect for people. It just makes people think w has wrong with great universities like Stanford,”. The great anger has also been evident online. Amid the chorus of angry comments, Stanford chose to shut down the EHLI website. Chief Information Officer Steve Gallagher said the initiative actually sought to be more inclusive but admitted that they missed the mark. “The feedback was broadly viewed a so opposition to inclusivity. It is for this reason that we have taken down the EHLI site.” Gallagher said.1. Who was EHLI intended for?A．Teaching staff at Stanford.B．Students applying for Stanford.C．Hackers attacking Stanford’s websites.D．Netizens getting into Stanford’s IT community.2. Which of the expressions might be encouraged by EHLI?A．An African American. B．A person with COVID-19.C．A U.S. human resource manager. D．A victims hot dead on campus.3. What does the underlined phrase “missed the mark” mean?A．Start losing scores. B．Su cceed in one’s guess.C．Fail to achieve one’s goal.D．Have a bad, long-lasting effect.4. Why was the EHLI site taken down?A．Because it drew a lot of feedback. B．Because it damaged Stanford’s benefit.C．Because it was hard to put into practice. D．Because it went against its initialintention.5. What Are Great Books?There’s no end to the making of books. Nor does there seem to be any end to the making of lists of “great books”. 1 What I will mention may not be all there are, but they are the o nes I’ve found most useful in explaining my choices over the years.Great books are probably the most widely read.They’re not bestsellers for a year or two. They are lasting bestsellers. Gone With The Wind has had relatively few readers compared to the plays of Shakespeare. It would be reasonable to estimate that Homer’s Iliad has been read by at least 25,000,000 people in the last 3000 years. 2Great books arc popular, non-academic.They’re not written by specialists about speciaties. Whether they be phi losophy or science, or history or poetry, they treat of humans not academic problems. 3 But the great books can be considered elementary in the sense that they treat the elements of any subject matter. They’re not related to one another as a series of textbooks, graded in difficulty.4They have more ideas per page than most books have in their entirety. That is why you can read a great book over and over again and never exhaust its contents. They can be read at many different levels of understanding. Obvious examples are Gulliver’s Travels, Robinson Crusoe and Odyssey. Children can read them with enjoyment, but fail to find there in all the beauty and significance which delight an adult mind.Great books are the most instructive.Great books contain what cannot be found in other books. Whether you ultimately agree or disagree with what they say, these are the primary teachers of mankind. 5 It’s almost unnecessary to add that the great books are the most influential. In the tradition of learning, they have been most discussed by readers who have also been writers.6. For 6-year-old Junie, meeting a firefighter was a truly interactive experience. In a TikTok video posted by his mom, the little boy, who’s ______ , got to feel a firefighter’s entire uniform and equipment while asking the man questions.The clip opens with a shot of a firefighter going down on his ______ in front of a fire truck. Junie who “sees” with his hands, ______ all the equipment ______ to the uniform all over the fireman’s body while the fireman explains each item’s ______. In the on-screen text, Junie’s mom explains that “he knows what a ______ is and does, but this is his first time ‘seeing one,’ and now he has an idea of what firefighters ______ .”The fireman taking the time to help Junie understand how his ______ helps him do his job is a special act of ______ that the little boy will likely not soon forget. Viewers were definitely ______ up over the sweet video.“This is so sweet! This firefighter needs to be ______ for his amazing heart! This sweet child is discovering life in such a(n) ______ way,” one TikToker mentioned.“This is so beautiful!! Wife of a firefighter here, I know it made the firefighter’s day as ______ as it made the kid’s day,” shared one viewer.This video is an important ______ that everyone learns differently, using the faculties(官能) that are ______ to them.1.A．injured B．patient C．excited D．blind2.A．back B．knees C．feet D．stomach3.A．touches B．explores C．guides D．stretches4.A．fastened B．belonged C．adapted D．combined5.A．position B．component C．function D．structure6.A．fire-alarm B．viewer C．fireman D．TikToker7.A．focus on B．do with C．take up D．look like8.A．uniform B．items C．eyesight D．facilities9.A．gratitude B．kindness C．privilege D．fortune10.A．jumping B．moving C．blocking D．choking11.A．broadcast B．promoted C．enjoyed D．recognized12.A．strange B．fashionable C．distinct D．awkward13.A．long B．much C．well D．soon14.A．reminder B．lesson C．show D．example15.A．beneficial B．available C．superior D．junior7. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

12023年重庆一中高2024届高二下学期3月月考数学试题卷一、单选题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.1. 若255C C n =，则n =（ ）A. 2B. 2或3C. 3D. 42. 已知一组样本数据1x ，2x ，3x ，4x ，5x 的平均数x 为2，则51(2)ii x =−=∑（ ）A. 0B. 2C. 2.5D. 13. 若()()()()112110121121111R x a a x a x a x x −=+−+−++−∈,，则01211a a a a ++++=（ ）A. 1B. 1131−C. 113D. 1131+4. 某校为了了解同学们参加社会实践活动的意向，决定利用分层抽样的方法从高一、高二、高三学生中选取200人进行调查，已知该校高一年级学生有1300人，高二年级学生有1200人，高三年级学生有1500人，则抽取的学生中，高三年级有（ ） A. 50人B. 60人C. 65人D. 75人5. 已知正项数列{}n a 中，22111,1n n a a a +=−=，则数列11nn a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬+⎩⎭的前120项和为（ ）A. 4950B. 10C. 9D.149506. 某班级周三上午共有5节课，只能安排语文、数学、英语、体育和物理.数学必须安排，且连续上两节，但不能同时安排在第二三节，除数学外其他学科最多只能安排一节，体育不能安排在第一节，则不同的排课方式共有( ) A. 48种B. 60种C. 72种D. 96种7. 将甲、乙、丙、丁4名志愿者随机派往①，②，③三个社区进行核酸信息采集，每个社区至少派1名志愿者，事件A =“志愿者甲派往①社区”； 事件B= “志愿者乙派往①社区”； 事件C= “志愿者乙派往②社区”，则（ ） A. 事件A 、B 同时发生的概率为19 B. 事件A 发生的条件下B 发生的概率为16C. 事件A 与B 相互独立D. 事件A 与C 为互斥事件8. 已知O 为坐标原点，P 是椭圆()2222:10x y E a b a b+=>>上位于x 轴上方的点，F 为右焦点.延长PO 、PF 交椭圆E 于Q 、R 两点，QF FR ⊥，4QF FR =，则椭圆E 的离心率为（ ）A.33B.22 C.53D.104的2二、多选题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.9. 某科技学校组织全体学生参加了主题为“创意之匠心，技能动天下”的文创大赛，随机抽取了400名学生进行成绩统计，发现抽取的学生的成绩都在50分至100分之间，进行适当分组后（每组的取值区间均为左闭右开），画出频率分布直方图（如图），下列说法正确的是（ ）A. 图中x 的值为0.020B. 在被抽取的学生中，成绩在区间[)70,80内的学生有60人C. 估计全校学生成绩的中位数约为87.7D. 估计全校学生成绩的众数为95 10. 对于函数()22ln xf x x=，下列说法正确的有（ ） A. ()f x 的单调递减区间为()1,+∞ B. ()f x 在e x =1eC. ()f x 只有一个零点D. ()3πf f>11. 已知编号为1，2，3的三个盒子，其中1号盒子内装有两个1号球，一个2号球和一个3号球；2号盒子内装有两个1号球，一个3号球；3号盒子内装有三个1号球，两个2号球.若第一次先从1号盒子内随机抽取1个球，将取出的球放入与球同编号的盒子中，第二次从该盒子中任取一个球，则下列说法正确的是（ ） A. 在第一次抽到2号球的条件下，第二次抽到1号球的概率为12 B. 第二次抽到3号球的概率为1148C. 如果第二次抽到的是3号球，则它来自1号盒子的概率最大D. 如果将5个不同的小球放入这三个盒子内，每个盒子至少放1个，则不同的放法有180种12. 冬春季节，人们容易感冒发热.若发生群体性发热，则会影响到人们的身体健康，干扰正常工作，有专业机构认为某地区在一段时间内没有发生大规模群体发热现象的标志为“连续10天，该地区每天新增疑似发热病例不超过7人”.下列连续10天疑似发热病例人数的统计特征数中，能判定该地没有发生群体性发热的为（ ） A. 总体平均数为23 B. 总体平均数为4，总体方差为32C. 总体平均数为3，中位数为4D. 总体平均数为2，第65百分位数为5三、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.13. 在nx x ⎛ ⎝的展开式中，第3项和第4项的二项式系数最大，则展开式中含2x 项的系数为_____.314. 透明袋子中装有黑球1个、白球3个，这些球除了颜色外无其他差别. 从袋子中随机摸出一个球，记下颜色后放回，将袋子中的球摇匀，再随机摸出一个球，记下颜色，求前后两次摸出的球都是白球的概率为___________. 15. 数论领域的四平方和定理最早由欧拉提出，后被拉格朗日等数学家证明.四平方和定理的内容是：任意正整数都可以表示为不超过四个自然数的平方和，例如正整数222222221231112220=+++=+++.设222236a b c d =+++，其中a b c d ,,,均为自然数，则满足条件的有序数组(),,,a b c d 的个数是___________.16. 已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，满足3n n S k a =⋅−（k 是常数，1k >）10122a =，且23420222048a a a a ++++=，则23420221111a a a a ++++=___________.四、解答题：共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17. (本小题满分10分)在一个选拔项目中，每个选手都需要进行4轮考核，每轮设有一个问题，能正确回答者进入下一轮考核，否则被淘汰．已知某选手能正确回答第一、二、三、四轮问题概率分别为56、45、34、13，且各轮问题能否正确回答互不影响．（Ⅰ）求该选手进入第三轮才被淘汰的概率； （Ⅱ）求该选手至多进入第三轮考核的概率；18. (本小题满分12分)在数列{}n a 中，*1111,20,N 3n n n n a a a a a n ++=+−=∈． （1）求证：1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是等差数列，并求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）满足不等式()*122311N 8k k a a a a a a k ++++<∈成立的k 的最大值．的419. (本小题满分12分)随机抽取100名男学生，测得他们的身高（单位：cm ），按照区间[)160165,，[)165170,，[)170175,，[)175,180，[]180,185分组，得到样本身高的频率分布直方图如图所示：（1）求身高在170cm 及以上的学生人数； （2）估计该校100名学生身高75%分位数.（3）据统计，身高在[)170175,，[)175,180，[]180,185时，体重超过70kg 的概率分别为16、13、12.现在从身高在[170，185]的学生中任选一个学生，估计其体重超过70kg 的概率.20. (本小题满分12分) 在二项式4)2n x x的展开式中，前三项的系数依次为M ，P ，N ，且满足2P M N =+.（1）若直线l ：0ax by c的系数a ，b ，c （a b c >>）为展开式中所有无理项系数，求不同直线l 的条数；（2）求展开式中系数最大的项.21. (本小题满分12分) 已知C ：22221x y a b+=7，离心率为12，过椭圆左焦点F 作不与x 轴重合的直线与椭圆C 相交于M 、N 两点，直线m 的方程为：2x a =−，过点M 作ME 垂直于直线m 交直线m 于点E .（1）求椭圆C 标准方程：（2）①若线段EN 必过定点P ，求定点P 的坐标； ②点O 为坐标原点，求OEN 面积的最大值.22. (本小题满分12分) 已知函数()xf x xe =（其中e 为自然对数的底数）.（1）求函数()f x 的最小值；（2）求证：()1ln 2xf x e x >+−.的5。

2021届重庆市第一中学校高三上学期第三次月考数学试题一、单选题1．复数z 满足21iz i=-，则复数z 的虚部为（）A ．﹣1B ．1C ．iD ．﹣i【答案】B【分析】利用复数的除法运算化简211ii i=-+-，再利用复数的代数形式求出结果.【详解】解：∵()()()()2121211112i i i i i z i i i i ++====-+--+，则复数z 的虚部为1．故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查复数的除法运算.复数的除法运算关键是分母“实数化”，其一般步骤如下：(1)分子、分母同时乘分母的共轭复数；(2)对分子、分母分别进行乘法运算；(3)整理、化简成实部、虚部分开的标准形式．2．已知集合{}22,A xx x Z =<∈∣，则A 的真子集共有（）个A ．3B ．4C ．6D ．7【答案】D【分析】写出集合{1,0,1}A =-，即可确定真子集的个数.【详解】因为{}22,{1,0,1}A xx x Z =<∈=-∣，所以其真子集个数为3217-=.故选：D.【点睛】本题考查集合的真子集个数问题，属于简单题.3．已知某圆锥的母线长为4，底面圆的半径为2，则圆锥的全面积为（）A ．10πB ．12πC ．14πD ．16π【答案】B【分析】首先求得底面周长，即侧面展开图的扇形弧长，然后根据扇形的面积公式即可求得侧面积，即圆锥的侧面积，再求得圆锥的底面积，侧面积与底面积的和就是全面积．【详解】底面周长是：2×2π=4π，则侧面积是：14π48π2⨯⨯=，底面积是：π×22=4π，则全面积是：8π+4π=12π．故选B ．【点睛】本题考查了圆锥的全面积计算，正确理解圆锥的侧面展开图与原来的扇形之间的关系是解决本题的关键，理解圆锥的母线长是扇形的半径，圆锥的底面圆周长是扇形的弧长．4．为了衡量星星的明暗程度，古希腊天文学家喜帕恰斯在公元前二世纪首先提出了星等这个概念.星等的数值越小，星星就越亮；星等的数值越大它的光就越暗.到了1850年，由于光度计在天体光度测量的应用，英国天文学家普森又提出了亮度的概念，天体的明暗程度可以用星等或亮度来描述.两颗星的星等与亮度满足()12212.5lg lg m m E E -=-，其中星等为k m 的星的亮度为(1,2)k E k =.已知“心宿二”的星等是1.00，“天津四”的星等是1.25，则“心宿二”的亮度大约是“天津四”的（）倍.（当||x 较小时，2101 2.3 2.7x x x ≈++）A ．1.27B ．1.26C ．1.23D ．1.22【答案】B【分析】把已知数据代入公式计算12E E ．【详解】由题意211 1.25 2.5(lg lg )E E -=-，12lg0.1E E =,∴0.1212101 2.30.1 2.70.1 1.257 1.26E E =≈+⨯+⨯=≈．故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查数学新文化，考查阅读理解能力．解题关键是在新环境中抽象出数学知识，用数学的思想解决问题．5．向量,a b 满足||1a = ，a 与b 的夹角为3π，则||a b - 的取值范围为（）A ．[1,)+∞B ．[0,)+∞C ．1,2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭D ．3,2⎫+∞⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭【答案】D【分析】把||a b -用数量积表示后结合函数的性质得出结论．【详解】22222||()2121cos 3a b a b a a b b b b π-=-=-⋅+=-⨯⨯+ 21b b -+= 2134423b ⎛⎫=+≥⎪⎝⎭- ，所以3||2a b -≥ ．1||2b = 时取得最小值．故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查平面向量的模，解题关键是把模用向量的数量积表示，然后结合二次函数性质得出结论．6．已知三棱锥P ABC -，过点P 作PO ⊥面,ABC O 为ABC ∆中的一点，,PA PB PB PC ⊥⊥，PC PA ⊥，则点O 为ABC ∆的（）A ．内心B ．外心C ．重心D ．垂心【答案】D【分析】连接AO 并延长交BC 于一点E ，连接PO ，由于PA ，PB ，PC 两两垂直可以得到PA ⊥面PBC ，而BC ⊂面PBC ，可得BC ⊥PA ，由PO ⊥平面ABC 于O ，BC ⊂面ABC ，PO ⊥BC ，可得BC ⊥AE ，同理可以证明CO ⊥AB ，又BO ⊥AC ．故O 是△ABC 的垂心．【详解】连接AO 并延长交BC 于一点E ，连接PO ，由于PA ，PB ，PC 两两垂直可以得到PA ⊥面PBC ，而BC ⊂面PBC ，∴BC ⊥PA ，∵PO ⊥平面ABC 于O ，BC ⊂面ABC ，∴PO ⊥BC ，∴BC ⊥平面APE ，∵AE ⊂面APE ，∴BC ⊥AE ；同理可以证明CO ⊥AB ，又BO ⊥AC ．∴O 是△ABC 的垂心．故选D ．【点睛】本题主要考查了直线与平面垂直的性质，解题时要注意数形结合，属于基本知识的考查．7．设sin5a π=，b =，2314c ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，则（）A ．a c b <<B ．b a c <<C ．c a b<<D ．c b a<<【答案】C【分析】借助中间量1和12比较大小即可.【详解】解：由对数函数y x =在()0,∞+单调递增的性质得：1b =>=，由指数函数12xy ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭在R 单调递减的性质得：2413311142212c ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭=<=，由三角函数sin y x =在0,2π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增的性质得1sin sin 562a ππ=>=.所以c ab <<.故选：C.【点睛】本题考查利用函数的单调性比较大小，考查运算能力，化归转化思想，是中档题.本题解题的关键在于借助中间量1和12，尤其在比较a 与c 的大小时，将c 变形得24331142c ⎛⎫⎛⎫= ⎪ =⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，进而与12比较大小是重中之核心步骤.8．已知三棱锥P ABC -的四个顶点均在同一个确定的球面上，且BA BC ==，2ABC π∠=，若三棱锥P ABC -体积的最大值为3，则其外接球的半径为（）A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．5【答案】A【分析】由题意分析知三棱锥P ABC -体积的最大时，P ，O ，O '共线且O P '⊥面ABC ，P 在大于半球的的球面上，根据棱锥体积公式求得||O P '，进而应用勾股定理求外接球的半径.【详解】由题意知：AC 中点O '为面ABC 外接圆圆心，若外接球球心为O ，半径为R ，三棱锥P ABC -体积的最大时，P ，O ，O '共线且O 在P ，O '之间，∴1||33P ABC ABC V S O P -'=⋅⋅= ，1||||32ABC S BA BC =⋅⋅= ，即||3O P '=，||||32AC O C '==，所以()22222'|||'|33O C OC OO R R =-=--=，解得2R =，故选：A【点睛】关键点点睛：理解三棱锥P ABC -体积的最大时P 的位置及与球心、底面外接圆圆心的关系，结合棱锥体积公式、勾股定理求球体半径.二、多选题9．设m 、n 是两条不同的直线，α、β是两个不同的平面，下列命题中错误．．的是（）A ．若,,//m n m n αβ⊂⊂，则//αβB ．若,m n m α⊂⊥，则n α⊥C ．若,m n αα^Ì，则m n ⊥D ．若//,,m n αβαβ⊂⊂，则//m n【答案】ABD【分析】根据空间线、面关系，结合空间关系相关图例以及线线、线面、面面间的平行、垂直判定与性质，即可知选项的正误.【详解】A ：,,//m n m n αβ⊂⊂，α、β不一定平行，错误.B ：,m n m α⊂⊥，n 不一定垂直于α，错误.C ：由线面垂直的性质：,m n αα^Ì，则必有m n ⊥，正确.D ：//,,m n αβαβ⊂⊂，m 、n 不一定平行，错误.故选：ABD10．下列函数中，在(0,1)内是减函数的是（）A ．||12x y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭B ．212log y x =C ．121=+y x D ．2log sin y x=【答案】ABC【分析】根据复合函数的单调性判断确定选项中各函数是否为减函数即可.【详解】A ：1(2t y =为减函数，||t x =在(0,1)上为增函数，所以||12x y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭为减函数；B ：12log y t =为减函数，2t x =在(0,1)上为增函数，所以212log y x =为减函数；C ：1y t =为减函数，21t x =+在(0,1)上为增函数，所以121=+y x 为减函数；D ：2log y t =为增函数，sin t x =在(0,1)上为增函数，所以2log sin y x =为增函数；故选：ABC【点睛】结论点睛：对于复合函数的单调性有如下结论1、内外层函数同增或同减为增函数；2、内外层函数一增一减为减函数；11．下列关于函数1()2sin 26f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭的图像或性质的说法中，正确的为（）A ．函数()f x 的图像关于直线83x π=对称B ．将函数()f x 的图像向右平移3π个单位所得图像的函数为12sin 23y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭C ．函数()f x 在区间5,33ππ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭上单调递增D ．若()f x a =，则1cos 232a x π⎛⎫-=⎪⎝⎭【答案】AD 【分析】令1262x k πππ+=+得到对称轴，即可判断A ；根据平移变换知识可判断B ；求出其单调增区间即可判断C ；利用配角法即可判断D.【详解】对于A ，令1262x k πππ+=+()k ∈Z ，解得22()3x k k Z ππ=+∈，当1k =时，得83x π=，故A 正确；对于B ，将函数()f x 的图像向右平移3π个单位，得112sin[()]2sin 2362y x x ππ=-+=，故B 错误；对于C ，令122()2262k x k k Z πππππ-+<+<+∈4244()33k x k k Z ππππ⇒-+<<+∈，故C 错误；对于D ，若12sin()26x a π+=，则11cos()sin[()]23223x x πππ-=+-=1sin()262ax π+=，故D 正确.故选：AD【点睛】方法点睛：函数()sin (0,0)y A x B A ωϕω=++>>的性质：(1)max min =+y A B y A B =-，.(2)周期2π.T ω=(3)由()ππ2x k k +=+∈Z ωϕ求对称轴(4)由()ππ2π2π22k x k k -+≤+≤+∈Z ωϕ求增区间；由()π3π2π2π22k x k k +≤+≤+∈Z ωϕ求减区间.12．定义在(0,)+∞上的函数()f x 的导函数为()'f x ，且()()f x f x x'<，则对任意1x 、2(0,)x ∈+∞，其中12x x ≠，则下列不等式中一定成立的有（）A ．()()()1212f x x f x f x +<+B ．()()()()21121212x xf x f x f x f x x x +<+C ．()1122(1)x x f f <D ．()()()1212f x x f x f x <【答案】ABC【分析】构造()()f x g x x=，由()()f x f x x '<有()0g x '<，即()g x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减，根据各选项的不等式，结合()g x 的单调性即可判断正误.【详解】由()()f x f x x '<知：()()0xf x f x x'-<，令()()f x g x x =，则()()()20xf x f x g x x '-='<，∴()g x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减，即122112121212()()()()()g x g x x f x x f x x x x x x x --=<--当120x x ->时，2112()()x f x x f x <；当120x x -<时，2112()()x f x x f x >；A ：121()()g x x g x +<，122()()g x x g x +<有112112()()x f x x f x x x +<+，212212()()x f x x f x x x +<+，所以()()()1212f x x f x f x +<+；B:由上得21121212()()()()x f x x x x f x x x -<-成立，整理有()()()()21121212x xf x f x f x f x x x +<+；C ：由121x >，所以111(2)(1)(2)(1)21x x x f f g g =<=，整理得()1122(1)x x f f <；D ：令121=x x 且121x x >>时，211x x =，12111()()()()g x g x f x f x =，12()(1)(1)g x x g f ==，有121()()g x x g x >，122()()g x x g x <，所以无法确定1212(),()()g x x g x g x 的大小.故选：ABC【点睛】思路点睛：由()()f x f x x '<形式得到()()0xf x f x x'-<，1、构造函数：()()f x g x x =，即()()()xf x f x g x x'-'=.2、确定单调性：由已知()0g x '<，即可知()g x 在(0,)+∞上单调递减.3、结合()g x 单调性，转化变形选项中的函数不等式，证明是否成立.三、填空题13．若一个球的体积为323π，则该球的表面积为_________．【答案】16π【解析】由题意，根据球的体积公式343V R π=，则343233R ππ=，解得2R =，又根据球的表面积公式24S R π=，所以该球的表面积为24216S ππ=⋅=.14．设向量a ，b 不平行，向量a b λ+ 与2a b + 平行，则实数λ=_________．【答案】12【解析】因为向量a b λ+ 与2a b + 平行，所以2a b k a b λ+=+ （），则{12,k k λ==，所以12λ=．【解析】向量共线．15．一般把数字出现的规律满足如图的模型称为蛇形模型：数字1出现在第1行；数字2，3出现在第2行；数字6，5，4（从左至右）出现在第3行；数字7，8，9，10出现在第4行，依此类推，则第21行从左至右的第4个数字应是____________.【答案】228【分析】由题知，第n 行有n 个数字，奇数行从右至左由小变大，偶数行从左至右由小变大，则前20行共有20(120)123202102+++++==L 个数字，第21行最左端的数为21021231+=，从左到右第4个数字为228．【详解】观察数据可知，第n 行有n 个数字，奇数行从右至左由小变大，偶数行从左至右由小变大，则前20行共有20(120)123202102+++++==L 个数字，第21行最左端的数为21021231+=，所以第21行从左到右第4个数字为228．故答案为：228.【点睛】关键点睛：本题考查合情推理、数列的前n 项和，解题关键要善于观察发现数据特征，考查了学生的逻辑思维能力、数据处理能力、运算求解能力，综合性较强，属于较难题型．四、双空题16．已知等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，且101a <<，20201a =，则q 的取值范围为______；能使不等式12121110m m a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-++-≤ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 成立的最大正整数m =______.【答案】(1,)+∞4039【分析】根据已知求得1a 的表达式，由此求得q 的取值范围.根据12121110m m a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-++-≤ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 成立列不等式，化简求得m 的取值范围，从而求得最大正整数m .【详解】由已知201911201911a qa q =⇒=，结合101a <<知2019101q <<，解得1q >，故q 的取值范围为(1,)+∞.由于{}n a 是等比数列，所以1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为11a ，公比为1q 的等比数列.要使12121110m m a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-++-≤ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 成立则1212111m ma a a a a a +++≤+++ 即()111111111m m a q a q q q⎛⎫-⎪-⎝⎭≤--，将120191a q=代入整理得：40394039m q q m ≤⇒≤故最大正整数4039m =.故答案为：(1,)+∞；4039【点睛】本小题主要考查等比数列的性质，考查等比数列前n 项和公式，属于中档题.五、解答题17．在四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，底面ABCD 是等腰梯形，M 是线段AB 的中点，1160,22,2,DAB AB CD DD C M ∠=︒====（1）求证：1//C M 平面11A ADD ；（2）求异面直线 CM 与1DD 所成角的余弦值.【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）14.【分析】（1）易得1111//,C D MA C D MA =，则四边形11AMC D 为平行四边形，得到11//C M D A ，再利用线面平行的判定定理证明.（2）由//CM DA ，将异面直线CM 与1DD 成的角，转化为 DA 与1DD 相交所成的角，然后在1ADD ，利用余弦定理求解.【详解】（1）因为四边形ABCD 是等腰梯形，且2AB CD =，所以//AB DC .又由M 是AB 的中点，因此//CD MA 且CD MA =.如图所示：连接1AD ，在四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，因为1111//,CD C D CD C D =，可得1111//,C D MA C D MA =，所以四边形11AMC D 为平行四边形.因此11//C M D A ，又1C M ⊄平面11A ADD ，1D A ⊂平面11A ADD ，所以1//C M 平面11A ADD .（2）因为//CM DA ，所以异面直线CM 与1DD 成的角，即为 DA 与1DD 相交所成的直角或锐角，在1ADD中，1C M =，所以111,2AD AD DD ===，由余弦定理可得：22211111cos 24AD DD AD ADD AD DD +-∠==-⋅，所以异面直线CM 和1DD 余弦值为14.【点睛】方法点睛：判断或证明线面平行的常用方法：(1)利用线面平行的定义，一般用反证法；(2)利用线面平行的判定定理(a ⊄α，b ⊂α，a ∥b ⇒a ∥α)，其关键是在平面内找(或作)一条直线与已知直线平行，证明时注意用符号语言的叙述；(3)利用面面平行的性质定理(α∥β，a ⊂α⇒a ∥β)；(4)利用面面平行的性质(α∥β，a ⊄β，a ∥α⇒a ∥β)．18．已知数列{}n a 满足：13a =，且对任意的n *∈N ，都有1，1,n n a a +成等差数列.（1）证明数列{}1n a -等比数列；（2）已知数列{}n b 前n 和为n S ，条件①：()1(21)n n b a n =-+，条件②：11n n n b a +=-，请在条件①②中仅选择一个条件作为已知条件．．．．．．．．．．．．．来求数列{}n b 前n 和n S .【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）答案不唯一，具体见解析.【分析】（1）由条件得121n n a a +=-，利用等比数列定义可得证.（2）选条件①得(21)2nn b n =+，选条件②得1(1)()2nn b n =+⋅利用错位相减法可得解.【详解】（1）由条件可知112n n a a ++=，即121n n a a +=-，∴()1121n n a a +-=-，且112a -=∴{}1n a -是以112a -=为首项，2q =为公比的等比数列，∴12nn a -=，∴()21nn a n N*=+∈（2）条件①：()1(21)(21)2nn n b a n n =-+=+，123325272(21)2nn S n =⋅+⋅+⋅+++⋅ 23412325272(21)2n n S n +=⋅+⋅+⋅+++⋅利用错位相减法:123413222222222(21)2nn n S n +-=⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅++⋅+⋅- 118(12)6(21)212n n n S n -+--=++⋅--化简得()12(21)2n n S n n N +*=-+∈条件②：11(1)()12nn n n b n a +==+⋅-231111234(1)2222n nS n =⋅+⋅+⋅+++⋅ 234111111234(1)22222n n S n +=⋅+⋅+⋅+++⋅ 利用错位相减法:23411111111(1)222222n n n S n +=++++-+⋅ 1111[1()]11421(1)12212n n n S n -+-=+-+⋅-化简得()13(3)(2n n s n n N *=-+∈【点睛】错位相减法求和的方法：如果数列{}n a 是等差数列，{}n b 是等比数列，求数列{}n n a b 的前n 项和时，可采用错位相减法，一般是和式两边同乘以等比数列{}n b 的公比，然后作差求解;在写“n S ”与“n qS ”的表达式时应特别注意将两式“错项对齐”以便下一步准确写出“n n S qS -”的表达式19．已知椭圆C 的两个焦点分别为12(1,0),(1,0)F F -，短轴的两个端点分别为12,B B .且122B B =.（1）求椭圆C 的标准方程；（2）过点2F 的直线l 与椭圆C 相交于P ，Q 两点，且11F P FQ ⊥ ，求直线l 的方程.【答案】（1）2212x y +=；（2）10x +-=，或10x -=.【分析】（1）由题干条件可得c 和b 的值，进而求出2a 的值，从而求出椭圆方程；（2）首先考虑斜率不存在的情况，不符合题意；当斜率存在时，联立方程，可得()22121222214,2121k k x x x x k k -+=⋅=++，又110F P FQ ⋅= ，向量坐标化可得()()()2221212111110k x x k x x k F P FQ ⋅--==++++uuu r uuu r ，代入1212,x x x x +⋅，化简，即可求出k 的取值，从而求出直线方程.【详解】解（1）由条件可知：1c =，又122B B =，所以1b =，则22a =，所以椭圆C 的方程为2212x y +=（2）当直线l 的斜率不存在时，其方程为1x =，不符合题意；当直线l 的斜率存在时，设直线l 的方程为(1)y k x =-，22(1)12y k x x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得()()2222214210k x k x k +-+-=，()2810k ∆=+>，设()()1122,,,P x y Q x y ，则()22121222214,2121k k x x x x k k -+=⋅=++，()()1111221,,1,F P x y F Q x y =+=+ ，∵110F P FQ ⋅= ，即()()()()()22212121212111110x x y y k x x k x x k +++=+--+++=，即()()()222222221411()102121k k kk k k k -+--++=++化简得：2201172k k =+-解得217,77k k ==±.故直线l的方程为10x +-=，或10x --=.【点睛】方法点睛：（1）将向量转化为坐标的关系；（2）联立直线和椭圆，求出两根之和，两根之积；（3）将两根之和和两根之积代入坐标关系中，解出k .20．已知()cossin 222x x x f x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，记ABC 的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c .（1）求()f B 的取值范围；（2）当4a =，433b =，且()f B 取（1）中的最大值时，求ABC 的面积.【答案】（1）30,12⎛+ ⎝⎦；（2）833或433【分析】（1）利用公式对函数化简，根据B 角的范围，求函数值域.（2）由（1）求出B 的大小，利用正弦定理和三角形面积公式即可求出结果.【详解】（1）2()cossin sin cos 222222x x x x x x f x ⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭13(cos 1)3sin sin 2232x x x π+⎛⎫=+=++ ⎪⎝⎭因为B 为三角形的内角，所以(0,)B π∈所以4,333B πππ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭，所以3()0,12f B ⎛∈+ ⎝⎦（2）34()11,,23333f B B B ππππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++=+∈ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭，,326B B πππ∴+==，由正弦定理得：4343sin 1sin sin sin 22a b A A B A =⇒=⇒=()0,,3A A ππ∈∴=，或23A π=，若3A π=，则2C π=，183sin 23ABC S ab C ==若23π=A ，则6π=C，1sin 23==ABC S ab C 【点睛】本题考查了三角恒等变换、正弦定理和三角形面积公式等基本数学知识，考查了数学运算能力和逻辑推理能力，属于中档题目.21．在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，112,120,,AB AC AA BAC D D ==∠=分别是线段11,BC B C 的中点，过线段AD 的中点P 作BC 的平行线，分别交,AB AC 于点,M N ．（1）证明：平面1A MN ⊥平面11ADD A ；（2）求二面角1A A M N --的余弦值．【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）155.【分析】（1）根据线面垂直的判定定理即可证明MN ⊥平面ADD 1A 1；又MN ⊂平面A 1MN ，所以平面A 1MN ⊥平面ADD 1A 1；（2）建立空间坐标系，利用向量法求出平面的法向量，利用向量法进行求解即可．【详解】（1）证明：∵AB=AC ，D 是BC 的中点，∴BC ⊥AD ，∵M ，N 分别为AB ，AC 的中点，∴MN ∥BC ，∴MN ⊥AD ，∵AA 1⊥平面ABC,MN ⊂平面ABC ，∴AA 1⊥MN ，∵AD,AA 1⊂平面ADD 1A 1，且AD∩AA 1=A ，∴MN ⊥平面ADD 1A 1∴，又MN ⊂平面A 1MN ，所以平面A 1MN ⊥平面ADD 1A 1；（2）设AA 1=1，如图：过A 1作A 1E ∥BC ，建立以A 1为坐标原点，A 1E ，A 1D 1，A 1A 分别为x ，y ，z 轴的空间直角坐标系如图：则A 1(0，0，0)，A(0，0，1)，∵P 是AD 的中点，∴M ，N 分别为AB ，AC 的中点．则31,,122M ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，31,,122N ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，则131,,122A M ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，()10,0,1A A =，)NM = ，设平面AA 1M 的法向量为(),,m x y z=，则100m AM m A A ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩，得10220x y z z ++=⎨⎪=⎩,令1x =，则y =，则()1,m =，同理设平面A 1MN 的法向量为(),,n x y z=，则100n A M n NM ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩，得310220x y z ++=⎪⎨⎪=⎩，令2y =，则1z =-，则()0,2,1n =-，则()15cos ,5m n m n m n ⋅===-⋅，∵二面角A-A 1M-N 是锐二面角，∴二面角A-A 1M-N 的余弦值是155．【点睛】本题主要考查直线垂直的判定以及二面角的求解，建立空间直角坐标系，利用向量法进行求解，综合性较强，运算量较大．22．已知21()(1)2xf x e ax b x =---.其中常数 2.71828e ≈⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅.（1）当2,4a b ==时，求()f x 在[1,2]上的最大值；（2）若对任意0,()a f x >均有两个极值点()1212,x x x x <，（ⅰ）求实数b 的取值范围；（ⅱ）当a e =时，证明：()()12f x f x e +>.【答案】（1）max ()1f x e =-；（2）（ⅰ）1b >；（ⅱ）证明见解析.【分析】（1）由题得2()4(1)x f x e x x =---，()24x f x e x '=--，()2x f x e ''=-，由[1,2]x ∈，可得()0f x ''>，即()'f x 在[1,2]上单增，且2(2)80f e -'=<，即()0f x '<，可知()f x 在[1,2]上单减，求得max ()(1)1f x f e ==-.（2）（ⅰ）利用两次求导可得(,ln )x a ∈-∞时，()'f x 单减；(ln ,)x a ∈+∞时，()'f x 单增，再由()f x 有两个极值点，知(ln )ln 0f a a a a b =--<'，即ln b a a a >-恒成立，构造函数()ln g a a a a =-，利用导数求其最大值，可得实数b 的取值范围；（ⅱ）设()()(2),(1)h x f x f x x ''=--<，求导可得()h x 在(,1)-∞单增，得到()(2)f x f x ''<-，可得()()112f x f x ''<-，()()122f x f x ''->，结合()'f x 在(1,)+∞上单增，可得()()122f x f x >-，得到()()()()2222122222222x x f x f x f x f x e e ex ex e -+>-+=+-+-，构造22()22x x M x e e ex ex e -=+-+-，(1)x >，再利用导数证明()2(1)M x M e >=，即可得到()()12f x f x e+>【详解】（1）由2,4a b ==得，2()4(1)x f x e x x =---，求导()24x f x e x '=--，()2x f x e ''=-，[1,2]x ∈ ，2[,]x e e e ∴∈，20x e ∴->，即()0f x ''>()f x '∴在[1,2]上单增，且2(2)80f e -'=<，即[1,2]x ∀∈，()0f x '<，()f x ∴在[1,2]上单减，max ()(1)1f x f e ∴==-.（2）（ⅰ）求导()x f x e ax b '=--，因为对任意0,()a f x >均有两个极值点12,x x ，所以()0f x '=有两个根，求二阶导()x f x e a ''=-，令()0f x ''=，得ln x a=当(,ln )x a ∈-∞时，()0f x ''<，()'f x 单减；当(ln ,)x a ∈+∞时，()0f x ''>，()'f x 单增，由()0f x '=有两个根12,x x ，知(ln )ln 0f a a a a b =--<'，即ln b a a a >-对任意0a >都成立，设()ln g a a a a =-，求导()ln g a a '=-，令()0g a '=，得1a =，当(0,1)x ∈时，()0g a '>，()g a 单增；当(1,)x ∈+∞时，()0g a '<，()g a 单减，max (()1)1g g a =∴=，1b ∴>又0,,()ba b f e x f x a -⎛⎫''-=>→+∞→+∞ ⎪⎝⎭Q ，所以实数b 的取值范围是：1b >.（ⅱ）当a e =时，()x f x e ex b '=--，()x f x e e ''=-，令()0f x ''=，得1x =当(,1)x ∈-∞时，()0f x ''<，()'f x 单减；当(1,)x ∈+∞时，()0f x ''>，()'f x 单增，又12,x x 是()0f x '=的两根，且12x x <，121,1x x <∴>，121x ∴->设()()(2),(1)h x f x f x x ''=--<，即22(2)2()2,(1)xxx xe ex b ee x b e e ex e x h x --⎡⎤=-=-------+<⎣⎦，则2()2220x x h x e e e e e -=+->-='()h x ∴在(,1)-∞单增，()(1)0h x h ∴<=，即()(2)f x f x ''<-又11,x <，()()112f x f x ''∴<-，()()122f x f x ''∴->又()f x ' 在(1,)+∞上单增，122x x ∴->，即1222x x x <-<，又()f x 在()12,x x 上单减，()()122f x f x ∴>-()()()()2222122222222x x f x f x f x f x e e ex ex e-∴+>-+=+-+-令22()22x x M x e e ex ex e -=+-+-，(1)x >则2()22x x M x e e ex e -'=--+，2()20x x M x e e e -''=+-≥()M x '∴在(1,)+∞单增，且(1)0M '=，()0M x '∴>，故()M x 在(1,)+∞单增又21x > ，()2(1)M x M e ∴>=，即()()12f x f x e+>【点睛】方法点睛：本题考查利用导数研究函数的单调性，求极值，最值，以及证明不等式，证明不等式的方法：若证明()()f x g x <，(,)x a b ∈，可以构造函数()()()F x f x g x =－，如果()0F x '<，则()F x 在(,)a b 上是减函数，同时若()0F a ≤，由减函数的定义可知(,)x a b ∈时，有()0F x <，即证明了()()f x g x <，考查学生的函数与方程思想，化归与转化思想，考查逻辑思维能力与推理论证能力，属于难题.。

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．A heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have yourcar .A．wash B．washedC．washing D．to wash2．— I got that job I wanted at the public library.—___________! That’s good news.A．Go ahead B．Cheers C．Congratulations D．Come on3．—Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.—Luckily for her. She ________ sick or even died.A．could have got B．should have gotC．must have got D．will have got4．The Japanese people keep up cheerful spirits ________ the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami（海啸）.A．being convinced B．convinced C．to convince D．having convinced5．____ interested in English may join this club.A．Whoever B．All who C．Anyone D．Who 6．Obviously,a good habit help us to speed up to reach our destinations. A．need B．must C．can D．shall7．—Uncle Wang is in hospital.—Oh, really? I ____________. I _____________ go and visit her.A．didn’t know; am going to B．hadn’t known; wouldC．haven’t known; will D．didn’t know; will8．Much to their delight, their new project _____ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue in honour of the fantastic moment.A．to approve B．being approvedC．having approved D．having been approved9．— I am worn out. —Me too, all work and no play. So it’s ti me to ________. A．burn the midnight oil B．push the limitsC．go with the flow D．call it a day10．_____ how to get along with others is very important in success.A．Know B．Known C．Having known D．Knowing11．— You've got your flat furnished, haven't you?— Y es, I ______ some used furniture and it was a real bargain.A．will buy B．have boughtC．had bought D．bought12．Because of the heavy snow, we had to delay the visit until this weekend to the artgallery ____ in the center of our city these days.A．being held B．holding C．to be held D．held13．“It might have saved me a lot of money”, Mr. Chen sighed, “________ timely from the stock market this July”.A．did I withdraw B．should I withdrawC．have I withdrawn D．had I withdrawn14．The shocking news made me realize ______ terrible problems we would face.A. that B．how C．what D．why15．—I’d rather have some wine, if you don’t mind.—______. Don’ t forget that you’ll drive.A．By all means B．Anything but thatC．Take it easy D．I wouldn’t say no to this16．— I wonder what chance there is of me passing by the old places without thinking of you.— ______. Time cures all wounds.A．My pleasure B．Don’t mention it C．I can’t agree more D．Never mind 17．Mr. Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils, except ____________ who had already taken them.A．these B．onesC．those D．the others18．—The lecture about 3D technology was very interesting.—It’s a pity. How I wish I ________ time to attend it.A．had B．have C．had had D．have had19．Throughout history, China never colonized any nation. _________ this peaceful tradition, it is committed to building a community with a shared future for mankind. A．In line with B．In regard toC．In harmony with D．In addition to20．The case shocked the public, a hot debate over human nature on theIntemet.A．causes B．caused C．causing D．to cause第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the woman mean?A.The man can also get birthday presents.B. Jack is looking forward to his birthday.C.She will buy a new T-shirt for Jack.2. When will the two speakers probably arrive at the airport?A.At 2:30B.At 3:30C.At 4:303. How does the woman feel now?A. Stressed.B. Shocked.C.Exhausted.4. What did the man do?A. He moved to a new place.B. He took a good trip.C. He sold some souvenirs.5. What’s the relationship between the woman and Ted?A. Colleagues.B. Cousins.C. Classmates.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

重庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月月考英语试卷一、听力选择题1．What will the woman do first?A．Go shopping.B．Go back home.C．Go swimming.2．Who is the man’s hero?A．Steve Jobs.B．Stephen Hawking.C．Tim Berners-Lee.3．What time does the train leave for Darlington?A．At 2:00 p.m.B．At 6:00 p.m.C．At 7:00 p.m.4．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a library.B．In a bookstore.C．In a dormitory.5．Why is the woman worried?A．Because she has no study plan.B．Because she has too much homework.C．Because she doesn’t have much time for study.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6．What is the woman looking forward to?A．Running.B．Healthy food.C．Strength training.7．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．Health.B．Wealth.C．Diet.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8．What do the speakers usually do for lunch?A．Have a party in the office.B．Meet in the building's cafe.C．Go to a downtown restaurant.9．What must the speakers do before leaving?A．Finish their reports.B．Attend the company's celebration.C．Have a group lunch.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

2020-2021学年江阴市第一中学高三英语月考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like400 kmabove my head. That's where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling. American astronaut Sunita Williams explains, “It's like a little phone booth, but it's pretty comfortable and it doesn't matter if I turn overand sleep upside down. I don't have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me I'm upside down.”Brushing your teeth in a place where you can't have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he's done.Daily exercise is essential. The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength — so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control — although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)．One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”, dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!1. When they sleep upside down, the astronauts willnot get dizzy because ________.A. they don't feel itB. they sleep in the daytimeC. they sleep in special sleeping bagsD. they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness2. What parts become weak if astronauts don't exercise?A. Their teeth and bones.B. Their brains and bones.C. Their bones and muscles.D. Their teeth and muscles.3. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Problems We Met in Space.B. Living and Working in Space.C. How to Become an Astronaut.D. The International Space Station.BAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species of ocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” the reporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.4. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.6. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.7. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In DeclineCJanet Fein, aged 84, received her bachelor's degree from the University last week, having waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal.Growing up in the Bronx area ofNew York City, Fein worked at a dress manufacturer after graduating early at the age of 16. After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs through her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a hospital until her retirement at age 77.Fein has had a full life. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement. She decided to major in sociology because she felt it was “substantial.”Fein took part in a state program that lets people who are 65 and older take free classes at public universities in Texasand kept going to class even as her health conditions worsened. During her studies, it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen. She also developed knee problems. So, Fein took online classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements.Sheila Rollerson, Fein' scollege advisor, and Carol, the professor told the media that Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties. She would speak up a lot in class and it just made for a more interesting class.Fein has also inspired Renee Brown, one of Fein's caregivers. At 53, Renee plans to begin nursing school tofurther her career. “Renee, you can do it. If I can do it you can do it, and you will feel so good about it,” Brown remembers what Fein told her.8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Janet Fein's growthB. Janet Fein's aimC. Janet Fein's job experiencesD. Janet Fein's regrets9. What does the underlined phrase “substantial” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. InterestingB. ValuableC. EasyD. Affordable10. What can be learned about Fein according to the passage?A. Fein lived on little money after her retirement.B. Fein had a problem with her arms while at universities.C. The Internet played a role in Fein's university education.D. The good health helped Fein get her bachelor's degree.11. What is Janet Fein like according to the passage?A. Hardworking and humorous.B. Determined and generous.C. Positive and patient.D. Inspiring and perseverant.DChina's Mars probe Tianwen-1 successfully landed on the surface of the red planet on May 15, 2021, leaving a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time and in its first attempt, becoming the only other nation besides theUSto get such an achievement. The Tianwen-1 probe touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a wide plain on Mars, at 7:18 a.m.(Beijing Time), after three months scanning the whole planet on Mars docking orbit, the China National Space Administration(CNSA) announced.Tianwen-1, including an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the 'Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southernChinas islandprovinceofHainanon July 23, 2020. It was the first step inChina's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the aim of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission. According to the administration, the country's first Martian probe will conduct scientific investigations about the Martian soil, environment, atmosphere as well as water.China's planetary exploration program has been named “Tianwen”, which was named after a long poem by the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. The name represents the Chinese nation's willpower in pursuing truth, the country's cultural inheritance of its understanding of nature and universe, as well as the unending exploration inscience and technology.China's first Mars rover has been named “Zhurong”, which means the god of fire in an ancient Chinese story. The name indicates Chinese people's blessing for the rover to light the flame ofChina's planetary exploration. The rover has six wheels and four solar panels, and carries 13 scientific instruments. According to the CNSA, Zhurong has started its scientific exploration after moving from the landing platform onto the Red Planet's surface on May 22.More than 40 Mars missions have been launched since the 1960s, but only about half have succeeded. It is the first time in the world that orbiting, landing and roving on Mars has been completed in one launch mission, andChinahas come to the forefront of Mars exploration in the world.12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. China is the only nation to launch a probe to Mars.B. Tianwen-1 landed in the northern part of the planet.C. Tianwen-1 scanned the southern part of the planet.D. The Mars probe will carry out scientific investigations.13. How did the planetary exploration program get its name?A. From a long poem by Qu Yuan.B. From an ancient Chinese story.C. From Chinese nation's willpower.D. From theChinaNational Space Administration.14. Why does the author sayChinahas come to the leading position of Mars exploration?A. The rover carried many scientific instruments.B. China completed three tasks in one attempt.C. The rover successfully moved from the landing platform onto Mars.D. The CNSA is continuously exploring science and technology.15. What is the text mainly about?A. Tianwen-1 completed its mission.B. Tianwen-1 represented the god of fire.C. Tianwen-1 successfully landed on Mars.D. Tianwen-1 was launched from Wenchang.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023年重庆一中高2023届3月月考化学试题卷一、选择题：本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．化学与生活生产密切相关，下列说法错误的是（ ） A ．用23Na CO 与()243Al SO 两种溶液制作泡沫灭火剂 B ．4NH Cl 与2ZnCl 溶液可用作焊接金属的除锈剂 C ．4BaSO 常用作医学上肠胃X 射线检查的造影剂 D ．带有强亲水基团的聚丙烯酸钠常用作高吸水性树脂 2．下列化学用语表述正确的是（ ）A ．基态铷原子最高能级的电子云轮廓图：B ．2CS 的电子式：S C S ::::C ．亚油酸（顺，顺-9，12-十八碳二烯酸）的结构简式：D ．苯分子中的大π键示意图：3．常温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是（ ） A ．能使甲基橙变黄色的溶液中：2Mg +、3Fe +、227Cr O -、ClO -B ．饱和2CO 溶液中：K +、2Ba +、3NO -、Cl -C ．澄清透明溶液中：K +、2Fe +、24SO -、[]36Fe(CN)-D ．由水电离的()141H110mol L c +--=⨯⋅的溶液中：Na +、K +、F -、I -4．下列叙述错误的是（ ）A ．向22Na O 固体中分别通入2CO 和2SO 气体，均能得到大量2OB ．过量3NH 分别通入3AgNO 溶液和32Cu(NO )溶液中，均可看到溶液先浑浊后澄清C ．2SO 使溴水褪色与乙烯使4KMnO 溶液褪色的原型相同D ．饱和34Na SO 溶液和浓硝酸均可使鸡蛋清溶液产生沉淀，但原理不同 5．下列实验装置（夹持装置略）及操作正确的是（ ）6．布洛芬、阿司匹林、酚麻美敏片均属于常见的解热镇痛抗炎药，下图所示X 、Y 、Z 分别是其有效成分分子的结构简式。

下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．X 含1个手性碳，且与苯甲酸互为同系物B ．Y 中所有的碳原子可能在同一平面上C ．Z 苯环上的H 被Br 所取代，二溴代物有4种D ．X 、Y 、Z 均能与23Na CO 反应产生2CO7．金属M 在潮湿的空气中会形成一层致密稳定的233M(XY)MZX ⋅。

天津一中2022-2023-1高三年级英语学科第三次月考试卷第I卷（共95分）本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）和第III卷（听力）三部分，共150 分, I卷、第II卷考试用时100分钟。

第I卷4页，第II卷1页，第III卷2页。

考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上, 答在试卷上的无效。

祝各位考生考试顺利!第一部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —Going to the pub Viking Burger to watch the final of the World Cup tonight?—______! Will you join us?A. You thereB. You betC. You got meD. You know better2. The Five Avenues Area is a very popular tourist ______ in Tianjin.A. digestB. drawC. distinctionD. division3. For a senior high student, ______ good use you have made of your time to study, there is still room for improvement.A. whateverB. howeverC. thoughD. whether4. With the ever-serious pollution, many species, including endangered ones, are known ______ by ocean plastics in the past decades.A. to have been affectedB. to have affectedC. having been affectedD. having affected5. Sometimes parents’ control of young kids will be thought to be such an invisible rope with which to tie them tightly that they ______ tried to cut it.A. extremelyB. thoroughlyC. desperatelyD. obviously6. There is a sign over there, saying no person ______ bring food and drinks into the reading room.A. shallB. shouldC. willD. must7. Such a simple experiment ca n effectively ______ people’s doubts about the new technology, so they are willing to embrace the innovation.A. bring forthB. go overC. put awayD. wipe out8. The Palace Museum is ______ the royal families used to live and it’s now a historical museum with collections of valuable antiques.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how9. Prof. Wu says that the best way to help the tradition ______ is passing it down from generation to generation.A. surviveB. recoverC. preserveD. function10. Although members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as _______ of another do, it does not mean that they do not experience emotions.A. itB. oneC. thatD. those11. Cambridge University says it ______ gaokao scores for years, requiring the admitted students to rank in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province.A. has been consideringB. had consideredC. is consideringD. considers12. Hate speech on the internet causes violence, undermines diversity and social unity, thus ______ the common values and principles that bind us together.A. to threatenB. having threatenedC. threateningD. threatened13. Reciting does much good in language learning and it ______ helps to learn science subjects better.A. in returnB. by chanceC. in turnD. for once14. China will allow all couples to have three children, ______, in my opinion, is helpful to cope with the increasingly aging society.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who15. —Because they were all team players, the task was fulfilled.—Well, ______.A. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bushB. a good beginning is half doneC. where there is a will, there is a wayD. many hands make light work第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文,从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

秘密★启用前【考试时间：3月11日11：00~12：15】2023年重庆一中高2023届3月月考地理试题卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。

2．作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

一、选择题：本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求的。

2022年8月21日，北碚缙云山出现巨大山火。

下图示意1961~2022年重庆市气候资料，据此完成1~2题。

1．关于本次北碚山火蔓延的自然原因，下列说法不合理的是（）A．树种多样B．气温较高C．降水偏少D．多山谷风2．据1961~2022年重庆市气候资料图，可知重庆8月份（）A．气温和降水呈正相关B．气候符合雨热同期规律C．每隔20年左右有洪灾D．气温的升降具有连续性雅鲁藏布江流域是我国河谷风沙地貌发育典型的地区。

在该河流某河漫滩附近及两岸坡地上出现了数量众多、不同类型的流动沙丘。

科研人员发现甲地沙丘的物质来源于附近河漫滩，并顺风向在河谷两侧延伸；乙地沙丘的出露与黄土层破坏有关。

该地年均降水量514mm，主要集中在5~9月份，旱季风大。

当地人类活动强度较大，生活能源来自薪柴。

下图是甲、乙两地沙丘分布位置图。

据此完成3~5题。

3．推测形成甲地沙丘的时间和主要外力作用分别是（）A．10~4月流水沉积B．10~4月风力沉积C．5~9月风力搬运D．5~9月冰川沉积4．下列因素与乙地沙丘出露关系最大的是（）A．大风导致植被吹蚀B．地壳抬升使黄土层滑落C．人为导致植被缺失D．气候变化导致干旱加剧5．为防止甲、乙两地沙丘的进一步扩大，下列措施可行的是（）①甲处设置挡沙墙②甲处禁止人类活动③乙处恢复植被④乙处重新覆盖黄土层A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④英国南部某河流源于当地北部高地，流域内最高海拔514米，南部地势平坦，最低海拔26米，约84%的流域底层由不透水岩层构成，流域内大部分用地是农业牧草用地，只在源头处有占流域面积3%左右的荒野和沼泽。

2021年武汉市江夏区第一中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Truly Unique Canadian Camping ExperiencesMount Robson Provincial Park,British ColumbiaNamed after the highest mountain in the Canadian Rockies, this park gives you breathtaking views of mountain landscapes along with lakes, waterfalls, canyons, and caves. The Berg Lake campground is located right at the northern base of the 3, 954-meter peak (山巅), which is about a day's hike in.Fundy National Park,New BrunswickIf you've grown tired of the tent or RV, this park is one of the few national parks offering yurt (蒙古包) rentals. Make sure you visit theBay of Fundywhere the world's highest tides make for some great surfing. You also can't miss the amazing Acadian forest waterfall. If you're looking for even more entertainment, the park also hostsmusic and cultural festivals each summer and has its own golf course.KluaneNational Parkand ReserveYukonFrom May to September, theKathleenLakecampground sees visitors come from far and wide to camp, hike and fish. Mountaineering is especially popular as Kluane is home to 17 of Canada's 20 highest peaks. Flightseeing over the park's glaciers and rafting (漂流) the winding Alsek River will also keep you out enjoying the wilderness.Prince Edward Island National Park,Prince Edward IslandIf you're looking for a family-friendly park, this one is wonderful. Between the seven beaches and more than 50 kilometersof hiking and cycling trails, you'll certainly be kept busy. Literature lovers, you can see what inspired L.M. Montgomery'sAnne of Green Gables at the nearby Green Gables Heritage Place and even explore the original house.1. Where is the park offering yurt rentals located?A. InBritish Columbia.B. InNew Brunswick.C. InYukon.D. InPrince Edward Island.2. What can you do inKluaneNational Parkand Reserve?A. Climb the highest mountain inCanada.B. Experience the highest tides.C. Raft the windingAlsekRiver.D. Attend music and cultural festivals.3. Which will you choose if you are a fan of Anne of Green Gables?A.Mount RobsonProvincialPark.B. Fundy National Park.C.KluaneNational Parkand Reserve.D.Prince Edward IslandNational Park.BAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.4. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.5. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.6. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.7. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelCBeing a teacher is a rewarding career when it comes to changing lives, but it’s obviously one that comes with plenty of stresses and difficulties too.Seeking help for a child who is so obviously in need isn’t easy. Often, you feel ignored by the government. You feel upset that there isn’t anything you could personally do to help a needy and sensitive member of your class.That’s exactly how Chelsea Haley, aged 24 at the time, felt when she met fourth-grade student Jerome Robinson while working for Teach forAmericainLouisianafor the first time.The pair didn’t get off to the best start, with Jerome, the “problem child”, almost drivingChelseafrom teaching. But whenChelseaput her foot down and became determined to work more closely with Jerome, she learned the cause of his rude behavior: a bad home situation.Chelseawas eager to help Jerome, and realized that he needed more than just academic support.By 2016, a year after meeting him, Chelsea had adopted (收养) Jerome and his brother Jace.Adopting a child doesn’t come cheap, andChelseaspent all the money in her bank to see the process through.In her first few years of raising the boys, she lived on credit cards and postponed her student loan.AsChelsealived with her two adopted sons, she worked hard to repay her debts. She took on extra tutoring jobs outside of school hours, moved in with her parents, and even delivered groceries for cash. Along the way, she was learning how to be the best mom to Jerome and Jace, cooking for them and cheering them on at football matches.And now, just five years later,Chelseacan proudly say that she has paid off nearly $50, 000 of debt. Now that she’s finally out of debt,Chelseahas plans to buy a house and save up for the boys’ college education.“It allows me to focus on the boys’ future,” she said. “Saving money for them, and not spending it on my past.”8. What do we know from paragraph 4?A. Jerome’s family was less fortunate.B. The brothers were in the same class.C. When helping Jerome,Chelseafelt hopeless.D.Chelseagot along well with Jerome from the very start.9. What didChelseado to pay off her debts?A. Borrow money from her parents.B. Do part-time jobs.C. Train students to play football.D. Cook for customers.10. How old wasChelseawhen she paid off nearly all of her debts?A. 24.B. 28.C. 29.D. 30.11. Which of the following can best describeChelsea?A. Lucky and lovely.B. Sensitive and ambitious.C. Selfless and determined.D. Warmhearted and strict.DOne billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved. Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water — most of the iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling. Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters. Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientistsestimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.12. What is a problem in transporting iceberg?A. The size of the iceberg.B. The colour of the iceberg.C. The salt in the iceberg.D. The movement of air and water.13. What is the author’ attitude towards transporting iceberg?A. Pessimistic.B. Objective.C. Optimistic.D. Unconcerned.14. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. It is hard to use iceberg.B. Iceberg are a good choice.C. There are problems with iceberg.D. Man finds no other ways to solve water shortage.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Shortage of water.B. Icebergs for water.C. Scientists and icebergs.D. Iceberg—scientists headache.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

重庆市第一中学2021届高三英语模拟试卷分类汇编读后续写专题重庆市第一中学2021届高三下学期第三次月考英语试卷第二节（满分 25 分）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Niesha could not forget the way she had frozen in front of the class today.Mr. Roberts had divided the class into groups to do presentations. Today had been Niesha’s turn. However, her hands had shaken so badly that she couldn’t read her notes. Her voice had become softer even to silence. Mr. Roberts had kindly ended Niesha’s part of the presentation even though she had clearly not finished. He had also asked Niesha to stay after class for a moment.“Niesha, I know you’re shy, but you worked hard on this project. I’d hate to see you give up on yourself.” Mr. Roberts had hesitated,“If I give you until tomorrow, do you think you can find your co urage?”Niesha had nodded, grateful for the chance. She had gone as quickly as she could to her next class. She had kept her head down and hoped the school day would end soon.When she reached her back steps that afternoon, she could see an inviting light coming from the kitchen windows. Momma was baking. Momma studied Niesha’s face as she came into the kitchen. “What’s wrong, Niesha?”Tears shone in Niesha’s brown eyes. She told her the whole story. Momma was silent for a moment, her hands still busy with t he cake. “Why is it that you can talk to me about anything and everything, but you can’t talk to your class?” Momma asked. She set the timer and then said, “Let me show you something.”Niesha followed Momma to her bedroom. There Momma showed her a book filled with newspaper clippings and pictures. In it there was a blue ribbon（丝带）that said “First Place” and a picture of herself when she was very young, standing with her parents.“I won it for public speaking. I started the school year as the shyest girl on the speech team, but I ended the year as the blue ribbon winner. It wasn’t easy at first—not sure of myself at all. I worked hard, and mostly I faced my fears. You just need to find your courage.”注意:1.续写词数应为150 左右:2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考答案及解析本套试题预设难度：0.60知识范围 / 能力要求：高考考纲和近三年全国课标卷试卷特点：本试题为全原创题第一部分：阅读理解 (共两节,满分 40 分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)1～5 BCBCA 6~10 ADDBD 11～15 ACDCC第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）16~20 ADGFE第二部分：英语知识运用第一节:完形填空（共 20 小题：每小题 1。

5 分，满分 30 分）21—25 CCBAB 26-30 BCDDA 31-35 CDACD 36—40 DBACB第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)41. basically 42. Since/As/Because 43. lecturing 44。

However 45. to pay46。

involuntary 47. happens 48。

to 49。

living 50. how第三部分：写作（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节：短文改错（共 10 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）I grew up in a small town about a hour outside of Chicago. There were only a handfulof local shops and cafes，anand everyone know their neighbors as there were only twenty thousands people in thewhole town! My parentsknew thousandused to let my brother and me walking to and from kindergarten every morning, and wewere allowed to dowalkwhichever we like before dark。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Why did the woman go to Beijing？A.To visit friends.B. To go sightseeing.C. To take a business trip.2.Where does the conversation take place？A.At home.B. At a bookstore.C. At a restaurant.3.What is the woman related to Henry？A.His classmate.B. His co-worker.C. His sister.4.What will the woman do next？A.Prepare a meal.B. Pick up Jim.C. Play with her kids.5.What programme does the girl want to watch？A.An Indian film.B. A dance competition.C. A history programme.第二节（共15 小题；每小题1. 5 分, 满分22. 5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第 6 段材料, 回答第6、7 题。

6.What do the speakers decide to do today？A.Watch a movie.B. Go to a park.C. Rest at home.7.Why does the man want to call Tim？A.To invite him to join them.B.To seek some suggestions.C.To ask about his eyes.听第 7 段材料, 回答第8、9 题。

四川省内江市第三中学2023-2024学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Post Office Locations & HoursUnited States Postal Service (USPS) offers mailing and shipping services. Search for a USPS location near you to see the available services and holiday closing hours. You can also find smaller postal units, retailers that sell stamps, blue collection mailboxes, and 24-hour USPS kiosks (小亭).USPS Holiday Service ScheduleAll post office locations will be closed on Christmas Day (Dec.25) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1). Regular post office hours and mail delivery will resume (恢复) after each holiday. Business Customers: Check your Bulk Mail (大宗邮件) Entry Unit for hours of operation.●Local post office locations will be closed.●Blue Collection Boxes: Mail will not be picked up.●Regular mail will not be delivered.●Priority Mail Express mail will be delivered.Note:●Deliveries on Christmas Eve (Dec.24) and Christmas Day (Dec.25) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.●Not a guarantee, unless otherwise noted. For Priority Mail Express shipments mailed from December 22 to December 25, the money-back guarantee applies only if the shipment was not delivered, or delivery was not attempted, within two business days.●Deliveries on New Year’s Eve (Dec.31) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.1．On which day can you mail things as usual at a local post office?A．Dec.24.B．Dec.25.C．Dec.30.D．Dec.31. 2．What should you do to get your mail delivered on New Year’s Day?A．Pay extra fees.B．Reserve in advance.C．Call the local post office.D．Wait outside the post office. 3．Where is the text most likely taken from?A．A test report.B．A travel brochure.C．An official website.D．An entertainment magazine.Most students spend their school days sitting at desks learning. Aurelio us Woolfolk, however, does a lot more than sit at a desk when he is in school. He climbs up high ladders, walks down the sides of buildings, and rides in a fire engine. He is learning to be a firefighter at the New Haven Fire Academy.Woolfolk and 28 other students are currently learning what it takes to become a firefighter. For two days each week, the students sit in a classroom to learn the science of fires, how to calculate water pressure, and how to treat medical emergencies. During the other three days, the students go outside and learn how to hook hoses (塑料管，软管) to fire hydrants (消防栓), climb buildings, rescue people trapped in burning buildings, and many other things.“Firefighters have to know lots of different things,” said Pablo Menendez, an instructor at the school. “We have to treat medical emergencies, know how to handle dangerous chemicals, and rescue people who have fallen from mountains.”Teamwork is one of the most important lessons students learn at the school. “Working together saves lives,” said Capt. William Seward, the director of the academy. “Students need to learn that they are part of a team.”Fighting fires is not easy. The suits and equipment a firefighter wears weigh about 40 pounds. Firefighters are very busy. In New Haven, they respond to 32, 000 emergency calls a year. Each time firefighters go out, they know they might not comeback. “That’s why the lessons learned here at the academy are so important,” said Seward. “What they learn here can save their lives.”Firefighters know how dangerous their jobs are. Their training helps them overcome their fear of heights and fires. “When you’re up there on the ladder looking down, it’s scary,” said one student. “To do this job, you’ve got to wipeout the fear.”Firefighters overcome their fear for one reason. “I wanted to help other people,” said Leah Harwin. “I think it is important to help other people whenever you can.”4．According to the text, which activity does a student at New Haven Fire Academy complete?A．Calculating the weight of suits.B．Hooking hoses to ladders.C．Walking down the fire hydrants.D．Dealing with dangerous chemicals. 5．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?A．Most students at the school are great team players.B．Some firefighters are much more skilled than others.C．Firefighters must work together to do the job successfully.D．Firefighters are most successful when they work on their own.6．Why do students at the Fire Academy have lessons both inside and outside the classroom?A．Because they make students overcome the fear of heights.B．Because they teach students how to calm down in emergency.C．Because they provide students with overall skills to save lives.D．Because they get students to know how to wear heavy suits and equipment. 7．What is the writing purpose of this text?A．To inform the readers of the dangers of being a firefighter.B．To introduce the activities at the New Haven Fire Academy.C．To compare the New Haven Fire Academy to public school.D．To persuade students to attend the New Haven Fire Academy.Each year, more than 27 million U.S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why? Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.A U.S. government program started in 2012 offered schools’ money spent on cleaner school buses but not all schools could get it. Five years later, emissions from buses in the winning districts fell. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended ‘school each day’ in the winning districts, compared to the losing districts. Winning schools with higher rates of bus-riding kids had an average of 14 more students in class each day. And winning districts that replaced the oldest school buses? They had an average of 45 more students in school each day.Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 millionfewer student absences each year.There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health. A study done on adults showed that a brief exposure to diesel emissions reduced “network connectivity” in the brain. In other studies, such network-connectivity changes have been linked to worsened memory and mental tasks. A Washington State program upgraded pollution controls in old diesel buses. Afterward, fewer kids were hospitalized in those districts than in schools without bus upgrades.Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the program. But schools in low-income areas, in tribal areas and, in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from older buses.8．What can we infer about diesel school buses from the first paragraph?A．They have a short service life.B．They operate cost-effectively.C．They accommodate few passengers.D．They do much harm to school children.9．Why is the increase in school attendance small but important?A．It is a long accumulation.B．It is a winning condition.C．It is a measuring standard.D．It is a student achievement.10．How does the bus replacement bring better student attendance?A．By reducing the network connectivity.B．By bettering the health state of students.C．By improving student satisfaction with schools.D．By meeting students’ demand for school bus drivers.11．What does the text mainly talk about?A．The “network connectivity” in the brain.B．The great work on cleaner school buses.C．A U. S. government program for education.D．Better attendance due to new school buses.Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”, although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection(内省) that is reflected in his works. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of desolateness(孤独，苍凉), longing, and the search for meaning in life. Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and existential des-pair.“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of every-thing that he writes-it has appeal to this basic humanity.”Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only used by just 10% of the population. As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage. 12．What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2?A．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.B．He accomplished various genres of literature works.C．Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing.D．His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature.13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.D．The effect of Jon Fosse’s life on his writing style.14．What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson?A．They explore the meaning of life.B．They touch human’s deepest emotions.C．They show the bond between humans and nature.D．They appeal to readers to focus on personal feelings.15．What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph?A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.B．He has improved the international status of Norway.C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.As an important piece of lifesaving equipment, a tall lifeguard chair is often seen on beaches, at lakes and community pools. 16 . The design of the lifeguard chair offers several advantages that help prevent swimming accidents and increase the safety of swimmers.A lifeguard chair is often tall, sometimes with a ladder attached to one side. The height of a life guard chair has two distinct advantages. First, it offers the lifeguard an unblocked view of the water he/she is guarding, allowing him/her to watch swimmers carefully for signs of danger. 17 .Some lifeguard chairs are quite basic, but others have several features to make the job of the lifeguard much easier. 18 . As lifeguards often work long hours in sunny locations, a sunshade can prevent them from severe sunburn. A lifeguard chair may also have hooks and compartments for lifesaving tools, making them easy to reach in an emergency.Lifeguard chairs are usually made of wood. Nowadays resin is also used. 19 . Many lifeguard chairs are painted white to make them stand out from other objects around them.20 , but it’s not the only thing lifeguards need. There are many other devices used by lifeguards to do their job correctly. For example, lifeguards often use a loudspeaker to warn swimmers against bad behavior. They may also prepare a first aid box to help injured people as well as protect themselves from harm.A．But metal is rarely used as it heats easily in the sun and can cause discomfortB．These devices can be fixed directly onto a lifeguard chairC．Lifeguards may do other things besides guarding the poolD．A lifeguard sits on it, keeping an eye on swimmers and the waterE．A lifeguard chair is a very important piece of lifesaving equipmentF．A lifeguard chair may feature a sunshade to protect lifeguards from the sunG．Meanwhile, it helps swimmers identify the lifeguard quickly in case of emergency二、完形填空In an international spelling contest (竞赛) in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her 21 voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. They talked it over and 22 decided to simply ask her what she had said. By now, the girl knew she had 23 the word, but instead of lying, she told the truth that she had said the 24 letter — so she lost the contest.As the girl walked off the 25 , the entire audience stood to their feet, clapping (鼓掌) to applaud her 26 . Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s good quality, even when it 27 her the contest. But the fact is that she 28 the biggest contest that day: the contest of her 29 .Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we should do if we knew we would never get 30 . This young girl could easily have 31 and nobody would have known it but herself. But that’s just it: She would know she did wrong. It’s been said, “If you 32 , you make yourself cheap.” This young girl was strong and smart enough to 33 her own conscience (良知) and character more than the prize from a spelling 34 . Her pride was more important than any 35 others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to 36 herself and the choice she made in that moment will have long-lasting influence.It’s so true that the choices you make today 37 you what you are tomorrow. Our children will 38 our behavior much more than our advice. So if we want them to 39 to be honest, we must show them the way by being honest ourselves. Remember, our kids are 40 what we do and how we live even when we don’t think they see or know.21．A．high B．sweet C．tough D．soft 22．A．finally B．kindly C．secretly D．totally 23．A．forgotten B．mispronounced C．misspelled D．lost 24．A．correct B．wrong C．different D．same 25．A．stage B．studio C．test D．classroom 26．A．bravery B．honesty C．courage D．cleverness 27．A．cancelled B．cost C．offered D．wasted 28．A．achieve B．broke C．won D．defeated 29．A．talent B．knowledge C．understanding D．character 30．A．paid B．awarded C．caught D．reported 31．A．escaped B．lied C．changed D．answered 32．A．accept B．fight C．cheat D．insist 33．A．value B．touch C．learn D．play 34．A．contest B．champion C．judge D．expert 35．A．sense B．money C．respect D．benefit 36．A．come to B．adapt to C．discuss with D．live with 37．A．make B．change C．keep D．create 38．A．give B．take C．follow D．set 39．A．grow up B．bring up C．take up D．come up 40．A．recording B．inspecting C．correcting D．watching三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。