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专业英语⼀、词语搭配1、polysome (g)RNA and ribosomes2、pinocytosis (n)cell drinking3、exocytosis (k)expel4、plastid (i)in plants only5、Golgi complex (o)packaging6、flagella (m)whiplike7、phagocytosis (f)engulfment 8、lysosome (b)baglike structure 9、basal body (d)where flagella grow 10、vacuole(l)vacant11、nucleus (j)control room12、chemotactic (e)toward or away from a chemical stimulus13、ribosome (a)protein synthesis 14、cytoskeleton (h)weblike15、mitochondrion (c)power generator 16、C3 plant (e)moist climates 17、pigment (n)absorbs 18、light reactions (g)water oxidized 19、thylakoid (a)surrounds a lumen 20、ground state (o)most stable21、reaction center (j)a specific site22、photorespiration (l)inefficient dark reaction23、RuBP (d)electron acceptor for CO224、Calvin-Benson cycle (c)light-independent reactions25、C4 plant (m)dry climates 26、photon (h)wave and particle 27、chlorophyll (b)principal pigment 28、chloroplast (k) banana shape29、carbon cycle (i) greenhouse effect30、light-independent reactions (f)light optional⼆、判断1、F Unlike other cell membranes, the nuclear envelope has no pores.2、T Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes.3、T White blood cells work by phagocytosis.4、F Prokaryotic cells have microbodies.5、T Mitochondria are self-replicating.6、F Carotenoids are colorless molecules.7、F Grana are surrounded by stomata.8、F Photosynthesis occurs in all living thing.9、T Photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.10、F The reaction center in photosystem II is P70011、F Chlorophyll b is not found in any prokaryote.12、T Cyclic photophosphorylation produces additional ATP in plants.13、F The chemiosmotic theory applies to mitochondria but not to chloroplasts.14、T Light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.15、T The Calvin-Benson cycle may take place either in light or in the dark.16、T Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.17、T C3 plants grow slowly in hot, dry weather.18、T Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in green plants.三、多选⼀1、Ribosomes (a)a、are organelles involved in protein synthesis2、Transformation of energy and storage of energy in the cell are the mainfunction of (d)d、mitochondria3、Chromoplasts are a type of (d)d、plastid4、Each individual cell is supported by a network of filaments and tubules known as (d)d、a cytoskeleton5、Proteins synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum are modified (c)c、in the Golgi complex6、An organelle isolated from an animal cell is found to contain large number of enzymes involved in energy transformation. This organelle is most likely to be (c)c、a mitochondrion7、In the early 1900s the discovery that the nucleus contains nucleic acids and proteins led many scientists to believe that(d)d、genes are made of protein8、In the DNA molecule (e)e、all of the above9、The double helix model of DNA structure was proposed by (b)b、Watson and Tatum10、The phosphate group in the DNA molecule (b)b、links the 5-C sugar of one nucleotide to the 3-C sugar of the next nucleotide11、DNA replication is termed semiconservative because (d)d、each new molecule has one strand from the original molecule12、Energy to power the sperm flagellum is generated by (a)a、mitochondria13、Meiosis is completed in egg cells (e)e、the egg,s time of release14、Spontaneous development of an unfertilized egg is known as (d)d、parthenogenesis15、The end product of cleavage is a (c)c、blastula16、A cell that can only give rise to cells with a specific function is（b）b、differentiated17、Morphogenesis involves a change in (c)c、cell shape四、阅读理解1、What does the passage mainly discuss?B、Why birds migrate2、According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?C、Feathers3、In paragraph one, the word “constant” is closest in meaning to which of the following?B、Invariable4、In paragraph two, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds thatB、migrate instinctively5、The passage mentions all of the following as changes that birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience EXEPTD、increased appetite6、In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds,C、exposure to light五、英译汉1、If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence,what would you say?译：如果让你⽤⼀句话对你的⽂章进⾏总结，你会怎么说？2：Focusing on your central message.译：聚焦于你的中⼼思想。
1.Basically all power is with the people.归根结底，一切力量属于人民。
2. The works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.这些钟表的零件都是国产的。
3. In the workshop the electric lamp is burning brightly just now .此刻车间里正灯火通明。
4. This mine is no longer being worked.这座矿上不再开采了。
5. The major contributions in component technology have been in the semiconductor components. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。
6.antilinear thousand-fold ultra-microscope twist drill I-steel非线性的千倍超显微镜麻花钻工字钢1. Rockets have found applications for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用于探索宇宙。
2. No one has ever seen a single atom or molecule even with the most powerful microscope.即使用最大倍率的显微镜，也从来没有人见过一个单一的原子或分子。
3. Are they through with the assembling of the generator?他们完成了发电机的组装吗？4. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.我们发现解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。
5. This waveguide tube is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.这种波导管的主要特点是结构简单。
大学生专业英语词汇总结随着全球化时代的到来，跨国公司、国际组织以及各种国际活动的频繁出现，英语作为国际交流的基本语言，成为了每一个大学生必备的技能之一。
作为大学英语的学习者，熟练掌握专业英语词汇不仅是提升英语水平的必要条件，也是迈向专业领域的重要基础。
下面是本文为大家总结的大学生专业英语词汇：一、商务英语1. revenue –收入\n2. profit –利润\n3. sales –销售额\n4. market –市场\n5. brand –品牌\n6. strategy –策略\n7. investment –投资\n8. competition –竞争\n9. target market –目标市场\n10. advertising –广告二、计算机科学1. algorithm –算法\n2. database –数据库\n3. programming –编程\n4. software –软件\n5. hardware –硬件\n6. network –网络\n7. code –代码\n8. operating system –操作系统\n9. debugging –调试\n10. user interface –用户界面三、金融学1. interest rate –利率\n2. stock –股票\n3. bond –债券\n4. investment –投资\n5. risk –风险\n6. liquidity –流动性\n7. asset –资产\n8. liability –负债\n9. hedge fund –对冲基金\n10. derivatives –衍生品四、法律1. contract –合同\n2. litigation –诉讼\n3. liability –责任\n4. precedent –先例\n5. intellectual property –知识产权\n6. arbitration –仲裁\n7. legal system –法律体系\n8. judgment –判决\n9. plaintiff –原告\n10. defendant –被告五、医学1. diagnosis –诊断\n2. treatment –治疗\n3. surgery –手术\n4. medication –药物\n5. patient –病人\n6. symptom –症状\n7. disease –疾病\n8. surgery –外科学\n9. anatomy –解剖学\n10. physiology –生理学六、教育学1. curriculum –课程\n2. pedagogy –教学法\n3. assessment –评估\n4. classroom management –课堂管理\n5. educational psychology –教育心理学\n6. learning outcomes –学习成果\n7. special education –特殊教育\n8. differentiated instruction –差异化教学\n9. educational research –教育研究\n10. teaching strategies –教学策略七、国际关系1. sovereignty –主权\n2. diplomacy –外交\n3. globalization –全球化\n4. non-governmental organization (NGO) –非政府组织\n5. international law –国际法\n6. foreign policy –外交政策\n7. human rights –人权\n8. conflict resolution –冲突解决\n9. international trade –国际贸易\n10. international governance –国际治理八、建筑设计1. blueprint –蓝图\n2. architecture –建筑学\n3. building materials –建筑材料\n4. interior design –室内设计\n5.construction –建筑工程\n6. sustainable design –可持续设计\n7. building code –建筑规范\n8. structural engineering –结构工程\n9. landscape architecture –景观设计\n10. urban planning –城市规划以上是本文总结的大学生专业英语词汇，涵盖了商务、计算机科学、金融学、法律、医学、教育学、国际关系、建筑设计等多个专业领域。
Unit 1 BAUHAUSTo be a real veteran, start from the history of industrial design, and get ready to shou off at any time! 学说两句设计史话，立刻成为设计行家HistoryThe Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by an architect which sought to integrate art and economics, and to add an element of engineering to art. The Werkbund (德）工作联盟movement was unable to achieve this integration, but the founding of the Bauhaus saw the solution that had previously been overlooked. The Bauhaus was founded by the combining of the Weimar Art Academy（魏玛艺术学院）, and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School（魏玛工艺学校）. Students at this new school were trained by both an artist and a master craftsman, realizing the desires of Gropius to make "modern artists familiar with science and economics, that began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." IdeologiesThe school had three aims at its inception that stayed basically the same throughout the life of the Bauhaus even though the direction of the school changed significantly and repeatedly. The first aim of the school was to "rescue all of the arts from the isolation in which each then found itself," to encourage the individual artisans and craftsmen to work cooperatively and combine all of their skills. Secondly, the school set out to elevate the status of crafts, chairs, lamps, teapots, etc., to the same level enjoyed by fine arts, painting, sculpting, etc.. The third aim was to maintain contact with the leaders of industry and craft in an attempt to eventually gain independence from government support by selling designs to industry.With these at its basis the Bauhaus began and influenced our lives immensely in ways that most people probably take for granted.Innovations and AchievementsSince the school tried to combine art with engineering and craftsmanship, innovation ran rampant through the Bauhaus resulting in a multitude of advances affecting the most basic aspects of life."Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly or entirely constructed from prefabricated elements is benefiting from a revolution in design largely brought about by the Bauhaus; The practical innovations developed by the Bauhaus have profoundly effected designs favoured by industry as shown by the desks and chairs that fill offices, lobbies, and lounges across America, not to mention the portable classrooms that seem to be favoured today, delivered on trucks, propped up and bolted together and filled with those ubiquitous tubular steel and plastic chairs. The effects of the Bauhaus stretches beyond our furniture and light fixtures, into the realms of architecture, theater, and typography. where the designs and style of the Bauhaus are still spoken of today./~gflores/bauhaus/history.html2ICSID国际工业设计师联合会What is Industrial Design?Industrial Design is concerned with all the human aspects ofmachine-made products and their relationship to people and the environment. The designer is responsible for these products and their impact on society and nature. The designer accounts for the product's human factors engineering, safety, form, color, maintenance and cost. Industrial design deals with consumer products as well as industrial products. In order to achieve these ends, designers must be involved in four major design and research activities: human behavior, the human-machine interface, the environment, and the product itself. 为了达到这些目的，设计师必须投入到以下四项有关设计和研究的活动中去：人类行为学，人机界面学，环境学，以及产品本身的研究。
《专业英语》课程简介Subject-Based English课程编号：学分：2 学时：32 讲课学时：32 实验学时（实践学时）：内容简介：《专业英语》是机械工程专业方向的一门专业选修课。
本课程为机械工程专业大学四年级学生经过了基础英语以及本专业课程的学习之后，为进一步提高他们的阅读、翻译有关专业文献和科技英语的写作能力而开设的选修课程。
课程内容涉及金属切削原理、特种加工、机床及液压传动系统等专业相关知识。
本课程教学，不仅可以使学生们熟悉和掌握本专业常用的专业词汇、词组及其用法，还能进一步巩固专业知识的学习，同时培养了学生科技英语的翻译、写作能力。
本课程的学习将为学生学习新的科学知识与技术、查阅本专业英文文献、掌握国际上本专业发展动态打好语言基础。
适用专业：机械工程先修课程：《大学英语》、《机械制造技术基础》、《互换性与测试技术》、《液压传动与气压传动》等选用教材：《机械制造专业英语》，章跃主编，机械工业出版社，2009开课单位：机械工程学院机制教研室Course Number: 0010908048 Credit: 2 Class Periods: 32 Lecture Periods: 32 Experiment Periods: 0 Description of the Course: Subject-Based English is a specialized elective course of mechanical engineering and automation major field. The course is for the senior students of mechanical engineering and automation major field after learning College English and some professional courses. The purpose of the course is to improve their abilities of reading and translating relevant professional literatures and writing science and technology English. The course contents include metal cutting theory, special processing, machine tool and hydraulic transmission system and other relevant professional knowledge. According to the learning of the course, the students not only can know and master commonly used professional vocabularies, phrases and their usage methods, but also can consolidate professional knowledge. The ability of translating and writing subject-based English will also be increased. The learning of the course is of great benefit for students to learn new science and technology knowledge, refer professional literatures in English and master international development trend of the professional knowledge.Major Field: mechanical engineeringPrerequisite Courses: College English, Theory of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology, Interchangeability and Measurement Technology, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Transmission.Teaching Material: Technical English for Mechanical Engineering, Zhang Yue, China Machine Press, 2009 Teaching Unit:Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation Research Center of School of Mechanical Engineering。
词语翻译早期强度：early strength引气剂：air entraining agent球磨机: ball mill回转窑:rotary kiln水泥熟料：cement clinker固溶体：solid solution晶体缺陷：crystal imperfection闪凝：flash set扫描电子显微镜：Scanning Electron Microscope诱导期：dormant(induction) period 渗透压：osmotic pressure初凝：initial set终凝：final set 硅酸三钙：tricalcium silicate 硅酸二钙：dicalcium silicate硬化混凝土：hardened concrete新拌混凝土：fresh concrete干缩：drying shrinkage弹性模量：elastic modulus塑性阶段：plastic state素混凝土：plain concrete钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete自平衡系统：self-equilibrating system先张法：pre-tensioning method后张法：post-tensioning method高性能混凝土：High Performance Concrete水泥石：hardened cement paste硅灰：silica fume标准偏差：standard deviation高效减水剂：high range water reducing admixtures空间位阻：steric hindrance 缓凝剂：Set retarding chemical admixtures英译汉（1）The salient point demonstrated by this table is the comparatively large variation in compound composition that can apply even with a very small variation in the chemical analysis of the raw materials .译：这个表格所突显的观点是只要原料的化学组成发生微小变化就可以导致化合物组成发生相当大的变化。
1. The system's characteristic equation can be used to determine _____ of a linear time-invariant systemA、 the stabilityB、magnitude of the steady-state errorC、 the controllabilityD、 the observability正确答案:A2. In a coal-fired power plant, an electrostatic precipitator is used to remove_____ from the combustion gasesA、 solid particleB、COC. water vapour正确答案:A3. An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug _____A、 an expansion cardB. a modemc. a network cardD. a sound card正确答案:A4 Resistors are _____elementsA、 passiveB. activeC、 independent sourcesD、dependent sources正确答案:A5. The algebraic sum of all voltages around a loop is_____A、zeroB. indefinite valueC. sum of voltage risesD、sum of voltage drops正确答案:A6、ON-OFF information can be represented by_____ signalA、 a digitalB、 an analogC、a discreteD. a control正确答案:A7, The transformer is a straightforward application of Faraday's_____ LawA、OhmsB. Electromagnetic InductionC. Kirchhoff’s currentD、 Kirchhoff’s voltage正确答案:B8、 A computer printer is_____ device that produces computer-generated text or graphical images on paperA、 an inputB、 an outputC、 a storageD、 a data processing正确答案:B9. A computer's microprocessor only understands_____ in binary form。
《专业英语》（课程代码：00196）Ⅰ Vocabulary (40 points)(1)Translate the following words and expressions intoChinese.at stake _______________ tracing paper ________________ pay to use _____________ artifact __________________ anonymous designer ______________ flip chart________________polypropylene _________________visual identity __________________geometric form______________ diversification _____________ (2) Translate the following words and expressions into English.企业形象识别设计 ________________机器美学____________________形式追随功能___________________插图画家 __________________设计调查 ____________________创造性思维 __________________功能分析 ____________________金属材料 ___________________批量生产 ____________________理性与功能的完美结合 __________________________________Ⅱ Comprehension (20 points)(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. (10 points)consistent view effort teammate media emotion effort trivial relationship PersonalityDesign patterns and modular components are effective techniques for designing and building long-lasting,______________ experiences. You may reach the point where you ask yourself “Is it time to build a library for our team?”Many teams have realized incredible efficiencies, savings, and better design through design libraries and related standards. However, building a library isn’t _____________.It takes time and _____________to get off the ground, can trigger significant and uncomfortable organizational change, and comes with an ongoing maintenance cost. In some cases, libraries are not the answer and yes, sometimes libraries fail. Nobody wants to invest the time, _____________, and personal capital only to have nothing to show for it.Therefore, precede any kind of library build out with a period of discernment. Before you dive, ask yourself and your______________ the following eight questions to gauge whethera library is right for you.(2)Choose the best answer according to the passage B. (10points)Some time ago, a friend offered me a ride home after work. I got into her SUVand sat down, ready for the short ride. After a few minutes, an annoying beepingsound started. “Oh,” she said, “You’ll need to fasten y our seatbelt to make thatirritating noise stop.” Grudgingly, I did up my seatbelt and the noise ceased, butthe beeping had accomplished its purpose; I fastened my seatbelt.This is an example of affective design: design that’sintentionally created to ca pture the user’sattention, triggering an emotional response that willincrease the likelihood of performing a certainbehavior. The emotional response can be conscious orunconscious. For example, a brightly colored buttonwill attract users’ attention un consciously byaffecting the degree of arousal (i.e. physicalstimulation). And the behavior could be any action,from clicking a button or signing up for a newsletter,to making a purchase online.To make the unpleasant sound in my friend’s SUV stop, I had to perform a particular behavior. In this case, the stimulus wasthe unpleasant beeping sound, which triggered my annoyance andled me to fasten my seatbelt. With your latest web app, thestimulus is likely visual, rather than auditory, but the energythat it commands is the same. One thing these stimuli have incommon is that they demand and command your attention.(2.1) Which of the following made the noise?_______A .the steering wheel B.the seat C.the seatbelt D thedoor(2.2) The product which is described as the example is _________?A a carB a TVC a mobile phoneD the door(2.3) To create an affective product, the designer would try to_____A make the product colorful.B make the product effective in triggering anemotional response.C make the product easy to use(2.4) which topic may be the best following content ofthis text?_____A The principle of emotional product design.B The importance of affective design in SUV.C The significance of functional and rational design.Ⅲ Translation (40 points)(1) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(20points)(1.1) Our tendency to assign and characterize personality based onconversation is easily recognizable in the example below.(1.2) Hundreds of the top Chinese students are flockingto the best U.S. and European graduate programs in design."It really blows my mind how dedicated they are," saysTim Parsey, director of consumer-experience design forMotorola Inc.(2) Translate the following sentences into English. (20 points)(2.1) 彩色铅笔在设计的手绘过程是理想的工具。
accident/incident theory 事故原理accident prevention 事故预防accident rate 事故率accident report 事故报告accident scene 事故现场administrative controls 管理控制agreement settlement 工伤赔偿协商analysis and evaluation 分析评价auto-ignition temperature 自燃点causalrelationship 因果关系ceiling最高限度chemical burn injuries 化学烧伤chemical engineer 化学工程师chemical hazards化学危害closed environment 密闭环境closing conference 协商会议combustible substance易燃物combustion 燃烧combustion point 燃点competitiveness 竞争conduction 传导conductors 传感器confined space 限制空间consistency 一致性controlled environment 可控环境convection 传送convergence 集中cost 花费cost allocation 费用分配critical burns 致命性烧伤crushing 挤压cutting 切断damages 损失death rates 死亡率decibel 分贝design flaw设计缺陷design process 设计进程direct settlement 直接结算discovery period 资源开发document and communicate 文件互通domino theory 多米诺理论electrical engineering 电机工程electrical hazards 电气伤害electricity 电流emergency action plan （EAP）应急行动计划emergency coordinator 应急协调员emergency notification 紧急情况提醒emergency planning 应急计划emergency response plan 应急响应计划emergency response management team 应急响应管理小组employee 雇员employee responsibilities 雇员职责employee rights 雇员权利employer-biased laws 基于雇主的法律employer liability 雇主责任employer responsibilities 雇主职责employer rights 雇主权利environmental engineer环境工程师environmental factors环境因素environmental heat 环境热效应environmental management system (EMS) 环境管理体系ergonomic hazards 人机工程危险ergonomic trap 人机工程缺陷ergonomics 人机工程学ethical behavior 道德行为ethics 道德规范expert system 专家系统explosion 爆炸explosive range 爆炸极限exposure ceiling 爆炸上限exposure threshold 爆炸下限failure mode and effects analysis 故障模式及影响分析falls 坠落fault tree analysis 事故树分析feedback 反馈fellow servant rule 雇员规则flame-resistant clothing 防火衣flexible hours 弹性工时fire hazards 火灾fire point 燃点first-degree burn 一级烧伤fire-related losses 火灾损失flammable substance 可燃物fixed guards 固定保护装置flash point 闪点flashing back 反射foreign object 不相关物体foresee ability 预见性four-step teaching method 四步骤培训方法four-to-one ratio 四一一关系free environment 自由环境freeze 粘住frequency 频率full-potential approach 全部潜能方法fuses 保险丝global marketplace 世界市场good housekeeping （工作场所）内务整理ground fault 接地故障ground fault circuit interrupter 接地故障断路器grounding conductor 接地线harmful equipment 危险装备hazard analysis 危险分析hazard and operability review 危险与操作检查heart disease 心脏病heat burn injuries 热烧伤heat stroke 中暑heat transfer 热传导high-radiation area 高辐射区域human error analysis人失误分析human factors theory 人造事故致因理论impulse noise 脉冲噪音inappropriate activities 不适当行为indirect costs 间接损失industrial hygiene 工业卫生industrial safety engineer 工业安全工程师inspection tour 检查巡视instructional approach 指导方法ionizing radiation 电离辐射islands of automation 孤立自动控制lifting hazard 起重伤害locus of control 控制范围materrial safety data sheets （MSDSs）危险材料一览表mechanical hazards 机械危险mechanical injuries 机械伤害medical expenses 医药开支metabolic heat 新陈代谢能量。
哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic 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Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space 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材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science。
《专业外语》考试试卷（把答案写到答题纸上）一、Please translate the phrase below in Chinese（每词1分，共10分）1、turret lathe 六角车床，转塔车床2、electrofax 电子摄影;电子摄影机;电子照相3、tunnel diodes 隧道二极管4、electron trigonometry电子三角测量5、VLF Propagation 非常低频率的传播6、B2B e-commerce商业对商业的电子商务模式7、bit-synchronization system 位同步系统8、Nomenclature 术语9、CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺规程10、tool magazine 刀具库二、Please translate the phrase below in English（每词1分，共10分）1、开放式数控系统Open CNC system2、工程索引engineering index3、齿轮插床 gear slotter4、多头螺纹multiple thread5、差动滑轮differential pulley6、液压系统hydraulic system7、低碳钢low carbon steel8、自动上料装置Automatic feeding device9、曲轴销孔The crankshaft pin hole 10、批量生产quantity productivity三、Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese（共40分，1-5每题3分，6-10每题5分）1、The production of aluminum is second only to that of iron and steel.铝的产量仅次于钢和铁2、Even metal plates（金属板材）can be pierced through by laser beam（激光束）.金属板材可以用激光束刺开，打通。
问答题1.what are the essential elements in decision making?and where does accounting fit into the process?做决策时候的必要因素是什么？会计在其中起的作用？TO use a rational decision making process.first,the problem or question must be clearly identified.next,the facts surrounding the situation must be gathered and analyzed.finally,severa alternative courses of action should be considered before a decision is reached.accounting plays a vital role in providing information needed to make knowledgeable financial decisions.2.if you were a banker considering a loan application ,why would you need accounting information?如果你是一个在考虑借款申请的银行家你需要会计信息的原因是什么bankers could not evaluate the riskiness of potential loans without the accounting information.3.If a trial balance appears to be correct,does that guarantee complete accuracy in the accounting records?Explain.如果试算平衡要矫正，能保证完全精确吗？说明。
《专业英语》试题及答案第一大题：判断题1、（）In China，minority people share the same basic rights with the Han.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A2、（）Beijing Opera，one of China's most famous art form，is over200years old.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B3、（）Of the world's two great cuisines, the Chinese is as varied as, and, in fact, much younger in tradition than the French.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B4、（）Buddhism is the mere major religion that came exclusively from Chinese roots and grew to maturity in Chinese soil.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B5、（）At Datong, the Huayan actually consists of two monasteries, the upper and lower.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A6、（）The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England in 1981.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A7、（）A agent can use the terminal to ask the computer a question and receive an answer in a matter of seconds.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B8、（）However,different nations have same rating systems.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B9、（）In many countries,tipping is necessary in non-self-service restaurants or cafes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A10、（）No smoke is allowed on the flight,even in the lavatories.A.正确参考答案：B11、（）Mt.E'mei is reputed as"the most beautiful mountain under heaven."A.正确B.错误参考答案：A12、（）Du fu was born in present-day Gongxian County,Henan Province in712.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B13、（）I wonder if you could make some change to our agenda.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A14、（）Shopping is a tourist attraction in big cities.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A15、（）In western countries, when people dine out together, they often go Dutch or have a Dutch treat.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A16、（）Strictly speaking, Confucianism is more an ethical system than a religion, and only Daoism is native to China.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A17、（）Tokyo has some world-class higher institutions, including Tokyo, Waseda and Keio universities.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A18、（）The Shang Dynasty constituted the first Chinese state in ancient time.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B19、（）In China, the foreign visitor is often shown a variety of Chinese medical techniques.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A20、（）Over the pass centuries，foreign elements have been absorbed and assimilates into Chinese culture. A typical example is Buddhism.A.正确参考答案：A21、（）Generally speaking, the western part of the country is more populous and developed than the eastern part, but less resourceful than the latter.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B22、（）Usually, if you are invited by a Chinese, you are not expected to foot the bill.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A23、（）China is a multinationalcountry with 56 nationalities, and the Hui is the majority people.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B24、（）Recent studies also show that the Yangtze River is another major source of Chinese civilization.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A25、（）People enjoy drinking tea not only for quenching thirst and overcoming fatigue but also for helping digestion.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A26、（）Muslim cuisine and vegetarian cuisine include pork and all sort of meat respectively.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B27、（）As one of the world’s few free ports, Hong Kong offers duty-free goods.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A28、（）There are the first seven thing to start with when a day begins—firewood , rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and coffee.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B29、（）Zhuge Liang was a celebrated statesman and military strategist of the Wei Kingdom.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B30、（）Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, a world natural heritage and a world biosphere reserve, has been listed by the UNESCO.B.错误参考答案：A31、（）A good location isn’t an important factor in the success of an agency.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B32、（）The three basic elements of tourism are the tourist, the tourism resources and the travel agency.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B33、（）In recent years, China has established a modern, long-distance highway system and inter-city fast train service.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A34、（）Chinese food is featured by “colorful”, “flavorous”, “delicious”, “shapeable”, “varied” and “complex”.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A35、（）The travel agency is supposed to design tour routes, work out tour plans, make tour prices and so on.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A36、（）Exercise isn’t another important element in Chinese health therapy.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B37、（）Hotel both in America and China are rated as one star, two stars, three stars, four stars and five stars.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B38、（）For defense against nomadic Mongolian tribes, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty had the Great Wall connected.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B39、（）The three greatest brocades in China are Shu Brocade, Yun Brocade and Song Brocade.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A40、（）From antiquity，the Chinese have been assiduous keepers of official archives.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A41、（）In China, trains are divided into “hard seat” and “soft seat” coaches and “hard” and “soft” sleepers.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A42、（）The most famous painting of the Tang Dynasty is Life along the River on the Eve of the Qingming Festival.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B43、（）Coffee is the most popular beverage for the Chinese, just as tea for Americans.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B44、（）China, reputed as the “Silk Nation”, has been famous for her silk products for centuries.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A45、（）In most Chinese cities, there exists a very convenient transit system: urban buses, trolleys and double-deckers.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A46、（）Most of the minorities differ from the Han in language and custom.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A47、（）There are three types of trains：“special express”, “direct express” and “slow”.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A48、（）The so-called tri-colored glazed pottery was typical of the Song Dynasty.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B49、（）Mount E’mei is one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains in China.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A50、（）Many newer hotels don’t offer buffets for breakfast and lunch.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B51、（）Carbon monoxide is harmful to mankind's health.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A52、（）Ethanol can be obtained from oil crops.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B53、（）The oxygen can be combined with hydrogen in a fuel cell.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A54、（）Alcohol produced from corn is a renewable energy source.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B55、（）A solar cell works mainly based on the optoelectronics effec.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A56、（）Bacteria are termed prokaryotic because they lack nuclear membranes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A57、（）Chemoorganotrophs are referred to as autotrophs.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B58、（）A species surviving in uncrowded but possibly physically restrictive environments is designated as K-selected.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B59、（）The numerically predominant bacteria in soil are Streptomycetes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B60、（）Throughout most of the world, industry is the leading consumptive user of water.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B61、（）Withdrawals for agricultural purposes currently account for over two thirds total abstraction in all OECD countries.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B62、（）The practice of exploiting underground water for agriculture is essential for the protection of natural resources.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B63、（）Land degradation, is the decline in land quality or reduction in its productivity and environmental regulatory capacity.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A64、（）Land degradation is a physical process driven by socioeconomic and political causes.A.正确B.错误参考答案：B65、（）Accelerated soil erosion is another principal land degradation process.A.正确B.错误参考答案：A第二大题：翻译句子1、中国是一个人口众多的多民族国家。
Chapter 1物流管理logistics management 客户服务customer service物资搬运material handling 订单处理order processing需求处理demand forecasting 退货处理return goods handling零配件和服务支持parts and service support工厂及仓库选址factory and warehouse site selection存货管理inventory management 逆向物流reverse logistics产出点point of origin 消费点point of consumption物流成本logistics cost 条码bar coding销售损失lost sale 内部成本internal cost退货处理成本return goods handling 外部成本external cost潜在的销售potential future sale 订单传输order transmittal运输成本transportation cost 订单输入order entry进货渠道inbound channel 批量成本lot quantity cost出货渠道outbound channel 缺货stockout订单处理成本order processing cost 库存持有成本inventory carrying cost需求预测demanding forecasting 资金成本capital cost销售沟通distribution communication 仓储空间成本storage space cost电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange 风险成本risk cost卫星数据传输satellite data transmissionChapter 2供应链supply chain 人力资源human resource最终用户end-customer 上游供应商upper stream supplier供应链管理supply chain management 供应链整合supply chain integration货物流product flow 下游企业down stream firm核心能力core competency 物资供应material procurement信息流information flow供应链战略管理Supply chain strategy 多数供应商战略Many suppliers strategy 少数供应商战略Few suppliers strategy 纵向整合战略Vertical integration企业集团Keiretsu networks 虚拟企业Virtual company前项整合Foreward integration 后项整合Backward integration规模经济Economy of scale 成本降低Cost reductionChapter 3产品移动product movement 门到门door-to-door在途库存in-transit inventory 有效利用能源energy-efficient有害物质hazardous material 灵活性和通用性flexibility and versatility 远洋运输Ocean going ships 建筑材料building materials价格优势price advantage 跨西伯利亚铁路the Trans Siberian railway多式联运工业中心multi-modal transport industrial center空箱装货地empty container place of loading拼箱系统化运输groupage container systematic transfer公铁运输长距离运输road-rail transport long distance movement LASH: lighter abroad shipCFS: container freight stationFCL: full container loadLCL: less than container loadTEU：twenty-foot equivalent units商业交易运输环境Commercial transactions transportation environment 信息流服务业务Information flow service business合理的费用潜在的买主reasonable cost potential vendors主要优势商业企业primary advantage commercial enterprises安全标准运输需求safety standards transportation demandsChapter 4资金周转Cash flow 运输成本transport cost现场仓库field warehouse 中间商Intermediary-consumer/user网络结构Network structure 运输工具Transport vestment延期交货订单back- orders分拨渠道distribution channel 库存周转inventory turnover库存管理Inventory Management 存置成本holding cost生产时间进度安排Production schedule 按程序工作Work in process库存单位stock keeping units 前置期Lead time搬运成本carrying cos t 容量计划Capacity planning撤回Withdraw 分类assortment装配线assembly line 在手上On hand大量客户化mass customization 与……联合associated with交通堵塞Traffic congestion 裁剪tailorChapter 5竞争武器competitive weapon 库存水平inventory levels潜在的问题potential problem 物流活动logistics activities最终顾客ultimate customer 信息技术information technologies物流信息系统logistics information system 实时销售信息real-time sales data决策相关信息decision-relevant information决策支持系统Decision support systems 长期预测long-term forecast 库存控制inventory controlwarehouse management systems (WMS) :仓储管理系统Transportation management systems (TMS)：运输管理系统material flows ：物料流material handling automation ：物料处理的自动化Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) ：企业资源计划系统purchasing orders ：采购订单duplicate records ：备份记录financial records ：财务记录sales orders：销售订单promise system：保证系统最终用户和销售伙伴end-use customers and reseller partners.替代程序alternative program 客户服务customers service产品和价格信息products and price information网上销售on-line sales 运营成本operating cost前置期l ead time 软件下载download software复印成本duplicate costs 技术支持technical support订单递交order submissionChapter 6仓储操作warehousing operation 运送路线delivery route基本布局basic layout 标识marking按订单分解order pick 产品编号product number储存区storage area 仓库管理系统warehouse management system 大批量运输large quantity shipments 订单要求order requirement办公管理clerical/office administration 运输目的地shipping destination装运检验shipment content checking 运输工具transportation facilities升降货车lift truck 搬运信息handling information仓储设施warehouse facility 温控仓库temperature-controlled warehouse 公共仓库public warehousing 进口税imported duty自用仓库private warehousing 罐装储存tank storage广告成本advertising cost 易腐食品perishable products首笔投资initial investment 农产品agricultural products客户服务customer service 大宗散装存储产品bulk storage products服务水平service level 普通商品库存general commodity warehouse 竞争动力competitive drive 冷藏仓库refrigerated warehouse制造商manufacturer 特种商品库存special commodity warehouse 经销商distributor 保税仓库bonded warehouseChapter 7物资操作系统materials handling system机械化操作系统mechanized materials handling system自动化操作系统automated materials handling system信息导向操作系统information-directed materials handling system存储和订单处理设备storage and order picking equipment运输和分类设备transportation and sorting equipment出货设备shipping equipment自动化导向车辆系统automated guided vehicle systems(AGVS)计算机分类computerized sortation活动货架live rack高层自动化存取系统high-rise storage and retrieval systems射频波控制设备RF-controlled equipment光导向操作light-directed operations订货拣选系统order selection system叉车lift truck 步行码垛车walkie-rider pallet truck拖缆towline 旋转式输送带carousel单元负载unit load 动力结构装置power configuration installation高垛叉车high-stacking truck 库存存储位置inventory storage location出运货物和收货入库作业shipping and receiving operation订单拣货order selection 高密度旋转储存high-density carousel storageChapter 8商业包装marketing package 国内外市场the domestic and world markets工业包装industrial package 包装工业packaging industry产品质量quality of products 无损伤货物damage-free goods包装的功能functions of packaging通用商品码UPC (Universal Product Code)主箱master carton 处理成本disposal cost运输容积和重量transportation cube and weight可回收使用的容器returnable container标准结构standard configuration 容积利用率cube utilization订货数量order quantities 体积最小化cube minimization运输成本transportation cost 运输效率transportation efficiency 包装尺寸packaging size/cube 真空包装vacuum-packed环保包装environmental packaging 载重量weight utilizationChapter 9实物配送Physical distribution 实物履行Physical fulfillment订单处理Order process 客户要求Customer requirements集约式分销intensive distribution 选择性分销selective distribution独家分销exclusive distribution 零售价retail price配送中心Distribution center 物流节点Logistics link总装配Final assembly 成批地value-added activities销售时点信息系统point of sales information system有效顾客反应Efficient consumer response需求链Demand chain 外部顾客external customer增值活动接受订单take orders作文SHANGHAI OCEAN SHIPPING COMPANY378 Dong Daming Road, Shanghai, P.C. 200080, ChinaTelephone: 65416620Telex: 33057 COSCO CNFax: 65458984Cable Address: COSCO SHNAGHAIMarch 3, 2007 Diamond Logistics Ltd.47 Federal StreetSpringfieldMassachusetts 01101U.S.A.Attention: Mr. David SmithDear Mr. Smith,Re: Chartering a VesselThank you for your letter of February 25.We are pleased to inform you that we have been able to secure the vessel you asked for. She is the M.V. Dong Fang, a bulk carrier, and is docked at present in Ningbo. She has a cargo capacity of ten thousand tons and a speed of 24 knots which will certainly be able to make the number of trips you mentioned.Please give us an early reply to confirm the charter and we will send you the charter party.Yours sincerely,COSCO SHANGHAI(Signed)…Wu Chen, ManagerCharter Department。
