M5U13-14 Phrases Test

tpo32三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (7)答案 (16)背景知识 (16)阅读-2 (25)原文 (25)译文 (28)题目 (31)答案 (40)背景知识 (41)阅读-3 (49)原文 (49)译文 (53)题目 (55)答案 (63)背景知识 (64)阅读-1原文Plant Colonization①Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site.Colonization is a process with two components:invasion and survival.The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms(seeds,spores,immature or mature individuals)arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving.Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization–a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.For a given rate of invasion,colonization of a moist,fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter.A fertile,plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds,whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse,infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.②Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species.Pioneer species-those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization-tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules(seeds,spores,and so on)and because they have an efficient means of dispersal(normally,wind).③If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules,they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats.Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small,relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means If reaching the appropriate type of habitat.Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants,such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds.Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation,and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example,as many as1,125viable seeds per square meter were found in a100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia.Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species.The rapid colonization of such sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the largeseed band on the forest floor.④An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination(the beginning of a seed’s growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions.This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.⑤Species succession in plant communities,i.e.,the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession,especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates.The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of specie with the highest rate of invasion,whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival ratesbut lower invasion rates.译文植物定居①定居是植物改变一个地点生态环境的一种方式。

外研版选修八M5课时讲义外研版选修八M5课时讲义课堂导入在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．He describes the moment ________ “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”．答案：as2．Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people ________ (accustom) to the idea of space travel.答案：have become accustomed3．All three astronauts made ________ safely back to Earth.答案：it4．The aim of this flight was ________ (test) the new shuttle system.答案：to test10．Little ________ he know what impact he was going to make.答案：did知识讲解1accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.(P58)自从1969年7月21日阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行这个想法。

(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.＝be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(状态)get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.＝get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(动作)(2)accustom v t. 使……习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯(做)某事①[牛津双解]My eyes slowly grew accustomed to dark.我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。

研究生英语教程(第五版)UNIT 14 cloze test详解Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to 1, to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, 2 world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it 3 to human behavior weinfer meaning and 4 to make to behavior understandable.5 all this means is that people develop “quasi theories” of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in 6, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know 7 humans do the things they do.Let’s consider an example. In the United States people have been 8 with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be victims. But it 9 bothers usthat people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We 10 concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we 11 it: out criminal justice system is 12; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken 13 the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are 14 drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. 15 the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other law breaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we 16 these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor 17 so threatening.These quasi theories 18 serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How 19 will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with 20 to how people normally go aboutdeveloping or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.[301 words]1 [A] reason[B] consider[C] understand[D] meditate2 [A] unanimous[B] unimaginable[C] unpredictable[D] unfortunate3 [A] goes[B] comes[C] makes[D] concerns4 [A] explanations[B] conclusions[C] motives[D] consequences5 [A] That[B] Even[C] As[D] What6 [A] an objective[B] a subjective[C] a theoretic[D] a conclusive7 [A] how[B] why[C] whether[D] when8 [A] worried[B] disturbed[C] perturbed[D] concerned9 [A] also[B] even[C] yet[D] still10 [A] retain[B] remain[C] maintain[D] refrain11 [A] know[B] comprehend[C] understand[D] grasp12 [A] precautious[B] inadequate[C] deficient[D] destructive13 [A] because[B] as[C] from[D] for14 [A] for[B] on[C] against[D] with15 [A] Consolidate[B] Stiffen[C] Confirm[D] Strengthen16 [A] act on[B] work out[C] see to[D] set up17 [A] rather[B] very[C] much[D] quite18 [A] moreover[B] therefore[C] nevertheless[D] otherwise19 [A] sufficient[B] efficient[C] effective[D] capable20 [A] respect[B] relation[C] result[D] association1、「答案」[A]reason「解析」reason是说理、推理,可与下文to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future 相呼应。

重庆外国语学校2025届高三英语第一学期期末质量检测试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

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第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．I ____ about what you’ve said and I’ve decided to take your advice．A．thought B．have been thinkingC．was thinking D．was thinking2．—Is Peter coming?—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A．changes B．changedC．was changing D．had changed3．It was considerate _____ you not to play the piano while I was asleep.A．of B．for C．to D．from4．The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a golden chapter by people worldwide, ________ the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.A．where B．whenC．which D．who5．The wide spread of super hybrid rice around the world ______ the lives of millions and millions of people suffering from hunger to a great level.A．has improved B．is improving C．improved D．has been improving6．The security judge was very _________ when she explained that the driving licence was necessary for her work .A．reasonable B．natural C．ridiculous D．available7．More competitive high-tech enterprises are investing in Nantong Central Innovation District, which will result in _____ economic growth.A．sustainable B．adaptable C．recyclable D．changeable8．Due to a terrible flu that ________ on, many students don’t show up to school today. A．goes B．was going C．is going D．has gone9．______to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A．Having been asked B．To askC．Having asked D．To be asked10．We can communicate________people in every part of the world ________the Internet.A．with；with B．with；throughC．through；through D．through；with11．It’s true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won’t take the new one, ________, because we don’t feel as safe on it.A．somehow B．though C．therefore D．otherwise12．They _______ the business deal in less than an hour, after which they had a golf game.A．wrapped up B．picked upC．called up D．took up13．What surprised us most is that he doesn’t know ________ the differences between the two books lie.A．that B．what C．which D．where14．When I was small, my mom ________read me stories at night.A．could B．shouldC．might D．would15．Join us and you will discover an environment ______ you can make the most of your skills and talents.A．that B．whereC．how D．what16．There is a wide ________of reference books to be found, so ________you look for some material needed, you can turn to me.A．kind; the last time B．sort; every timeC．variety; next time D．type; the moment17．---Mum, can you tell me why some parents send their children to study abroad at a very young age?---__________, darling. I have never thought about it.A．You have got me there B．Take your timeC．You bet D．Don’t be silly18．_____ here, come and have a cup of tea.A．Passing B．To pass C．Pass D．Having passed19．The waitress at the restaurant was usually very considerate, but on this occasion she seemed to ________ the diners.A．ignore B．identify C．applaud D．satisfy20．My teacher often says that success in making money is not always a good ______ of success in life.A．belief B．element C．criterion D．instance第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

模块五第一单元R e a d i n g学案（教师版）I.Readthetextandfillintheform.1.betrayed2.keep3.ashamed4.lowest5．upset6.problem7.angry8.careless9.guilty10.cr uelFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.(A)SecretsandliesIfeel1.________bymyfriend.Wehavebeenbestfriendssinceprimaryschool.OnMonday, wehadasurprisemathquiz.Ifailed.Ifeltso2.________.Imustbereallystupidto3.________asim plemathquiz.Ididn'twantotherstoknowthat.I4.________tobecheerful,butHannahsensedsomethingwa swrong.Itoldherthetruth.I5.________howbadlyIhaddone.Ibeggedhernottotellanyoneelseand shesaidshewouldkeepmy6.________.Tomysurprise,thenextday,Inoticedthatmyclassmateswerestaringatme.Iwasso7.______ __thatIfeltlikecrying.IthoughtthatHannahmusthavetoldothersaboutmygradeafter8._______ _notto.IwassoangrythatIwenttoherandblamedherbecauseshecouldn't9.________herword.Shes aidthatshehadn'ttoldanyone.ButIdidn'tbelieveherexplanation.Idon'tthinkIcanevertruly10.__ ______her.答案：1.betrayed2.ashamed3.fail4.pretended5．admitted6.secret7.upset8.promising9．keep10.fo rgive(B)Afriendshipintroublestwee k,wehadamatch1.________anotherschool.Matthewwasplayingbadly.Hecouldn'tkeep2.____ ____withthegame,andasaresultofhiscarelessplaying,welost.Ithoughthewasnottryinghardenoughandhegot3.________，sayingitwasn'this4.________andIshouldn'ttalktohiminthismanner.Thenwebothstartedshouti ngateachother.He5.________meofsomereallybadthingsjusttohurtme.Ifeelreally6.________ becauseImadesomecruel7.________，too.Wehaven'ttalkedwitheachothereversince.Yesterday,Isawhimtalkingtoanotherboy,andIcan'thelp8.________ifhewantstheboytob ehisbestfriendinsteadofme.Itoldmybrotheraboutthequarrel,buthesaidMatthewisjusttoo9.___ _____andperhapsalittlebitterbecauseIamreally10.________andgoodatfootball,andhesugges tedthatIfindanotherfriend.答案：1.against2.pace3.annoyed4.fault5．accused6.guilty7.remarks8.wondering9．sensitive10.a thleticefulphrases（Welcome-Reading）1.geton/along(with…)与…相处2.makefriendswith与…交朋友3.developfriendshipswith…与…发展友谊4.beworthdoing/n.......值得一做5.feelbetrayedbysb.感到被某人背叛6.getgood/lowgrades得高/低分7.musthavedone一定做过某事8.can’thavedone不可能做过某事9.be/feelproudof/takepridein为…感到骄傲10.pretendtodo假装做某事11.admit（to）sth/doingsth承认某事/做过某事12.beadmittedto/into…被…录取13.begsb.(not)todo/begsb.forsth.恳请某人做某事14.keepone’ssecret为某人保密15.stareat盯着…16.feellikecrying感觉要哭了17.promisetodo/promisesb.sth.承诺做某事18.behindone’sback/behindsb.在某人背后19.gostraightto径直朝某人走去…20.keepone’sword/keepone’spromise遵守诺言21.belongto属于22.spyon暗中监视，窥探23.forgivesbfor(doing)sth原谅某人（做了某事）24.focus（sth）on/concentrateon集中注意力与….25.bedeterminedtodo/determinetodo下定决心做某事26.keeppacewith…与…步调一致27.asaresultof…/asaresult,由于…..,作为……的结果28.get/beangrywithsb.对..生气29.inthismanner/way以这种方式30.turnintoahorribleargument变成激烈的争论31.accusesb.of…因…谴责，控告某人32.feelguiltyabout……对…感到内疚33.beguiltyof….有……罪34.makesomecruelremarks说了一些伤人的话35.apologizetosb.f or…/make/offeranapologytosb.for…因某事向某人道歉36.can’thelpdoing情不自禁can’t(help)butdo只能37.quarrelwithsb.about/oversth.因……与某人争吵38.besensitiveto对…敏感39.envysb./sth./sb.sth./sb.doingsth.妒忌某人/某事40.liewithsb.todosth.是……的职责或责任41.….feelawkward.某事让人觉得尴尬，别扭42.blamesb.forsth.因……责备某人43.blamesthonsb.把某事归咎于某人…..,44.betoblameforsth.（对坏事）负有责任45.embarrasssb.inpublic当众使人难堪46.begiftedatsth在某方面有天赋haveagiftfor/of(doing)sth.47.disagreewithsb.about/oversth.持不同意见，有分歧48.beforelong不久以后III.Sentencestructureanalysisandtranslation1．(情态动词表推测的用法)1）Imusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequize小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定是洋洋自得。

2024-2025学年牛津译林版高一英语上册期中同步考试试卷班级：____________________ 学号：____________________ 姓名：____________________ 一、听力题（每题3分）Question 1: What advice does the teacher give to the student?A. To review the material thoroughly.B. To focus on the difficult parts.C. To skip the less important parts.D. To consult other students.Answer 1: AConversation 2(You will hear a dialogue between two friends discussing their weekend plans.) Question 2: What are the friends planning to do on Saturday?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit a museum.C. Have a picnic.D. Attend a concert.Answer 2: CConversation 3(You will hear a man booking a flight ticket over the phone.)Question 3: What is the destination of the man’s flight?A. New York.B. Los Angeles.C. Chicago.D. San Francisco.Answer 3: AConversation 4(You will hear a conversation in a bookshop between a customer and a sales assistant.) Question 4: What does the customer finally decide to buy?A. A novel.B. A dictionary.C. A travel guide.D. A textbook.Answer 4: BConversation 5(You will hear a woman describing her daily routine to a friend.)Question 5: When does the woman usually have breakfast?A. At 6:30 am.B. At 7:00 am.C. At 7:30 am.D. At 8:00 am.Answer 5: C(Note: The answers and conversations are provided for reference purposes only and may vary in actual test conditions.)二、单选题（每题3分）1.Question:_______is reported that a new kind of medicine has been developed by thescientists.A. ItB. ThatC. AsD. WhatAnswer: A2.Question: The school rules state that no child_______be allowed out of the schoolduring the day, unless accompanied by an adult.A. willB. shallC. mayD. could3.Question:_______of the two books is worth reading, but I don’t have enough money tobuy both.A. BothB. NeitherC. EitherD. NoneAnswer: C4.Question: The teacher asked the students to stop_______and start_______theirhomework.A. to talk; doingB. talking; to doC. to talk; to doD. talking; doingAnswer: B5.Question: The film is so_______that I am_______in it.A. interesting; interestingB. interested; interestedC. interesting; interestedD. interested; interesting三、多选题（每题4分）Question 1:Which of the f ollowing are correct about the use of “would” in English? (Select two)A. It is used to express a habit in the past.B. It is used to express a polite request.C. It is used to talk about an imaginary situation in the present.D. It is used to express certainty about the future.Answer: B, CExplanation: “Would” is used to express a polite request (B) and to talk about an imaginary situation in the present (C), such as in the second conditional. It is not used to express a habit in the past (A) or certainty about the future (D).Question 2:Which of the following are true about passive voice in English? (Select two)A. The subject of a passive sentence is the receiver of the action.B. The verb in a passive sentence always ends in “-ed”.C. Passive voice can be used to emphasize the person or thing that performs the action.D. Passive voice can be used to avoid mentioning the performer of the action.Answer: A, DExplanation: In a passive sentence, the subject is the receiver of the action (A). Passive voice can also be used to avoid mentioning the performer of the action (D). Not all verbs in passive voice end in “-ed” (B), and passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action, not the performer (C).Question 3:Which of the following are correct about the use of commas in English? (Select two)A. Commas are used to separate independent clauses in a compound sentence.B. Commas are used to separate items in a list of three or more.C. Commas are used to separate adjectives describing the same noun.D. Commas are always necessary when writing a date.Answer: A, BExplanation: Commas are used to separate independent clauses in a compound sentence (A) and to separate items in a list of three or more (B). Commas are not always used to separate adjectives describing the same noun (C), and commas are not always necessary when writing a date (D); the format can vary.Question 4:Which of the following are correct about the present perfect tense in English? (Select two)A. It is used to express an action that started in the past and continues in the present.B. It is used to express an action that happened at a specific time in the past.C. It is formed with “have/has” + the past participle of the verb.D. It is used to express a habit or repeated action in the past.Answer: A, CExplanation: The present perfect tense is used to express an action that started in the past and continues in the present (A) and is formed with “have/has” + the past participle of the verb (C). It is not used to express an action that happened at a specific time in the past (B) or a habit or repeated action in the past (D).Question 5:Which of the following are correct about prepositions in English? (Select two)A. Prepositions always come before a noun or pronoun.B. Prepositions never change form.C. Prepositions show the relationship between other words in a sentence.D. Prepositions are always single words.Answer: A, CExplanation: Prepositions always come before a noun or pronoun (A) and show the relationship between other words in a sentence (C). Prepositions can change form, depending on their usage (B), and some prepositions are made up of more than one word (D).四、阅读理解（每题4分）Title: The Power of ReadingReading is a transformative activity that can open up new worlds of knowledge and understanding. It has the ability to transport us to distant lands, introduce us to diverse cultures, and even help us gain insight into our own in ner lives. In today’s fast-paced world, the art of reading is often overshadowed by digital media, but its importance cannot be overstated.For students in high school, reading is a crucial part of their academic journey. Not only does it help them develop literacy skills, but it also fosters critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. By reading diverse texts, students can learn to analyze arguments, evaluate evidence, and form their own opinions.The benefits of reading extend beyond the classroom as well. It can be a source of comfort and solace during difficult times. It can also be a bridge to new friendships, as people who share a love of reading often find common ground and form strong bonds.However, reading is not just about acquiring knowledge or skills. It is also about the joy of discovery. Every time we open a book, we embark on a new adventure, one that is unique to each individual reader. The experience of reading is deeply personal and can be incredibly rewarding.In conclusion, the power of reading is immense. It has the ability to transform lives, open minds, and create a more understanding and compassionate world.Questions:1.What is the main idea of the passage? (4 points)Answer: The main idea of the passage is to emphasize the power and importance of reading.2.According to the passage, what are some of the benefits of reading for high schoolstudents? (4 points)Answer: Some of the benefits of reading for high school students are developing literacy skills, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, and learning to analyze arguments, evaluate evidence, and form their own opinions.3.How does the passage describe the experience of reading? (4 points)Answer: The passage describes the experience of reading as a deeply personal and rewarding adventure that is unique to each individual reader.4.What does the passage suggest about the relationship between reading and digitalmedia? (4 points)Answer:The passage suggests that in today’s fast-paced world, the art of reading is often overshadowed by digital media, but its importance cannot be overstated.5.What is the conclusion of the passage? (4 points)Answer: The conclusion of the passage is that the power of reading is immense, as it has the ability to transform lives, open minds, and create a more understanding and compassionate world.五、作文（30分）Title: “The Importance of Reading in My Life”Directions: Write a comp osition of no less than 100 words on the topic “The Importance of Reading in My Life.” You should base your composition on the outline given below.Outline:1.My interest in reading.2.Benefits of reading.3.How reading has influenced my life.Sample Composition:“The Importance of Reading in My Life”Reading has always been a source of immense joy and knowledge for me. Ever since I was a young child, I have found solace in the pages of books, whether it was a fairy tale or an adventure story. As I grew older, my interest in reading broadened to include various genres such as history, science, and literature.One of the significant benefits of reading is the expansion of my vocabulary and understanding of language. Each book I read introduces me to new words and expressions, enhancing my communication skills. Furthermore, reading helps me develop critical thinking and analytical abilities, as I am constantly analyzing the content and drawing conclusions.Moreover, reading has profoundly influenced my life. It has broadened my horizons and given me insights into different cultures and perspectives. Through books, I have traveled to distant lands and experienced the lives of others. Reading has also inspired me to pursue my passions and set goals for my future.In conclusion, reading plays a vital role in my life. It is not just a hobby but a means of personal growth and enlightenment. I am grateful for the books that have shaped my perspective and continue to seek knowledge through the pages of new books.”。