考研英语时文阅读36篇完整版(选自黄涛博客)

时文阅读含解析2New York Tim—A gunman killed eight people at a mall in Omaha this afternoon and then killed himself, setting off panic among holiday shoppers, the police said.“The person who we believe to be the shooter has died from self-inflicted gunshot wounds,” Sgt. Teresa Negron of the Omaha Police Department said at televised news. “We have been able to clear the mall,” she said. “We don’t believe we have any other shooters.” The police said that at least five other people had been injured in the shootings.She did not give the shooter’s identity. “We are still conducting the investigation,”Sergeant Negron said, adding that the city’s mayor, who was out of town, was on his way back to Omaha. She said the police received a 911 call from someone inside the Westroads Mall on the west side of Omaha, and shots could be heard in the background. The first police officers arrived at the mall six minutes after the first call, she said, but by then the shootings were over.It is reported that the gunman left a suicide note that was found at his home by relatives. A law enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity (匿名) said the note indicated that the gunman wanted to “go out style”.The shootings broke the usually banal routine of holiday shopping. The gunman was said by some witnesses to have fired about 20 shots into a crowd. Some customers and workers ran screaming from the mall, while others dived into dressing rooms to hide from the shooter.Some customers and workers ran screaming from the mall, while others dived into dressing rooms to hide from the shooter.Shoppers and store workers were trapped inside the mall, which has roughly 135 stores. Others streamed out of mall exits with their hands raised. President Bush was in Omaha this morning to deliver a speech, but he had left the city by the time the shootings took place.1. Where did the shooting first come out?A. On a newspaper.B. In the Internet.C. In TV news.D. In a police poster.2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Nobody knows why the shooter did so and nothing was found at his home.B. The city’s mayor happened not to be in the city when the shooting took place.C. Police arrived at the mall before the shootings were over and rescued customers.D. The official who showed what the note mean have no request of his own identity.3. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. there is only one shooter in this eventB. the shooting created fears among the customersC. an important holiday is coming soonD. president Bush came here for the shooting4. Which of the following can be the best title of the news?A. Gunman Kills Eight People, and Himself at a Mall in OmahaB. Shoppers in Great Panic before the HolidayC. Bush Happened to Escape a ShotD. Shooter Found Dead in a Mall on the West of Omaha本文报道了在一个购物中心发生的枪击事件以及事件的来龙去脉。

考研时文阅读（33）实体商场从网络商家手中极力挽回消费者(2011-04-15 20:30:24)转载标签：黄涛考研时文阅读教育分类：阅读篇Bricks-and-mortar shops struggle to win customers back from virtual ones实体商场从网络商家手中极力挽回消费者SHOPPERS on Black Friday, the traditional start of the holiday shopping season in America, which falls on November 27th this year, are notoriously aggressive. Some even start queuing outside stores before dawn to be the first to lay their hands on heavily discounted merchandise. Last year berserk bargain-hunters in the suburbs of New York City trampled a Wal-Mart employee to death. Despite the frenzy at many stores, however, the recession appears to have accelerated the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortar in favor of online retailers—e-tailers, in the jargon. So this year Black Friday (so named because it is supposed to put shops into profit for the year) also marks the start of many conventional retailers’ attempts to regain the initiative.黑色星期五通常是美国假日消费季节的开端，今年的黑色星期五恰逢11月27日，场面热闹非凡。

考研时文阅读（20）(2009-05-01 22:01:17)转载标签：分类：阅读篇黄涛考研时文阅读教育Several years ago, at the height of the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasn’t: for many, there is still little to match the joy of reading a printed book and settling down for one hour. But recently some big technology companies, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo, contend that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive.The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, Google, the wor ld’s most popular search engine, posted a first installment of books on Google Print. This collaborative effort between Google and several world’s leading research libraries aims to make books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the rage of publishers.Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more, but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google Print Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy the complete books online or in print form.Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, has made plans to enter the masse-book market by selling a vast array of goods. Given that Google should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow customers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher.Microsoft has also joined the online-book trend. In October, the software giant said it would spend around $ 200m to digitize texts, starting with 150,000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance. And on Thursday, coincidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the country’s main reference library, to digitize some 25m pages; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year.篇章结构分析本文是一篇说明文，主要论论了当今各大技术公司纷纷推出在线图书服务的计划和行动。

GRE阅读36篇译文Exercise 11.1与博弈理论相关的是某些寄生黄蜂的性别比率，他们拥有大量的雌蜂。

在这些蜂类中，受精卵孵化为雌蜂，未受精卵孵化为雄蜂。

雌蜂储存精子，她产的每个卵子是否受精都由雌蜂决定。

根据F的基因理论，生物倾向于这样的性别比例，即能够拥有最多数量的后代，因此能最大程度复制并传递基因，为此，产生等量的雌性和雄性后代对他们是有利的。

H认识到这些卵都在宿主，即另外的昆虫的幼虫中孵化；而且，新产生的成蜂马上交配二手很快消失，对这些现象的认知，提供了更让人信服的分析。

由于通常一个宿主幼虫只有一个雌蜂产卵，因此只孵化一只雄蜂便可获益匪浅，因为这只雄蜂可以使同时孵化出的所有的雌蜂都受精。

和F一样，H也在寻找生物进化的稳定策略，但是他更深入了一步，认识到他正在寻找这样的策略。

1.2T学者很显然是错误所谓。

J时代的美国并不是一个流动易变、平均主义的社会，个人富有和贫困只是一时的情况。

至少根据P的理论，他对美国1825-1850年极富人群的研究破除了传统观念。

为了证明这个极富阶级确实存在，P提供了大量的事例和一些让人耳目一新、清楚明了的数据。

虽然这些富人也活跃于商业和一些行业，但是大多数富人的财富不是白手起家的，而是家族世袭的。

金融风暴使得资本少的人倾家荡产，而这些富人却得以保存并且好发无损。

事实上，在一些城市这些最富裕的人的比例还继续增长，到1850年拥有一半的社会财富。

虽然这些观察是真实情况，但是P根据这些得出结论，认为美国在18世纪晚期形成的无可争议的不平等在J执政时期依然持续，美国在工业革命之前就已经是一个阶级分化严重，财阀统治的社会，未免言过其实。

1.3所谓厌氧糖酵解，是指能量在无氧状态下通过肌肉糖原分解为能量物——物乳酸和ATP的过程。

厌氧能量产生的多少与糖原的多少相关——在所有脊椎动物中大约是他们肌肉敬重的0.5%。

这样，脊椎动物厌氧能量的储存和动物的体积成正比。

比如如果捕食者攻击一个重达100吨的恐龙，这些恐龙尽管行动迟缓，但是他们通过厌氧糖酵解产生的即时能量相当于3000个人通过有氧代谢产生的能量。

考研时文阅读(26)(2010-04-12 10:06:32)转载标签：黄涛考研时文阅读教育分类：阅读篇经济类文章Background Information美元持续走低，意味着美国经济存在缺陷，但是否就意味着地球上其他国家也将遭受劫难？答案是否定的。

世界经济将从美元的逐步下滑中受益。

这将有助于缓解全球流动资金失衡状况，并且通过将生产转移到美国可贸易领域，缓冲房地产泡沫破灭给美国经济带来的震荡。

诚然，美元的下滑将影响欧洲及亚洲的出口，但如果这些地区的央行现有的利率走低，进而促进内需---这也正是全球经济达到重新平衡所需要的局面----那么这种影响将会被抵消。

现今欧洲及亚洲的强势增长也将有助于防止美国经济的低迷蔓延至整个世界。

The Falling DollarTHE dollar's tumble this week was attended by predictable shrinks from the markets; but as it fell to a 20-month low of $1.32 against the euro, the only real surprise was that it had not slipped sooner. Indeed, there are good reasons to expect its slide to continue, dragging it below the record low of $1.36 against the euro that it hit in December 2004.The recent decline was triggered by nasty news about the American economy. New figures this week suggested that the housing market's troubles are having a wider impact on the economy. Consumer confidence and durable-goods orders both fell more sharply than expected. In contrast, German business confidence has risen to a 15-year high. There are also mounting concerns that central banks in China and elsewhere, which have been piling up dollars assiduously for years, may start selling.So, contrary to popular perceptions, America's economy has not significantly outperformed Europe's in recent years. Since 2000 its structural budget deficit (after adjusting for the impact of the economic cycle) has widened sharply, while American households' saving rate has plunged, causing the current-account deficit to swell. Over the same period, the euro-area economies saw no fiscal stimulus and household saving barely budged.Yet cyclical factors only partly explain why the dollar has been strong. At bottom, its attractiveness is based more on structural factors---or, more accurately, on an illusion about structural differences between the American and European economies.The main reason for the dollar's strength has been the widespread belief that the American economy vastly outperformed the world's other rich country economies in recent years. But the figures do not support the hypothesis. Sure, America's GDP growth has been faster than Europe's, but that is mostly because its population has grown more quickly too. Official figures of productivity growth, which should in theory be an important factor driving currency movement, exaggerate America's lead. If the two are measured on a comparable basis, productivity growth over the past decade has been almost the same in the euro area as it has in America. Even more important, the latest figures suggest that, whereas productivity growth is now slowing in America, it is accelerating in the euro zone.America's growth, thus, has been driven by consumer spending. That spending, supported by dwindling saving and increased borrowing, is clearly unsustainable; and the consequent economic and financial imbalances must inevitably unwind. As that happens, the country could face a prolonged period of slower growth.As for Europe, the old continent is hobbled by inflexible product and labor markets. But that, paradoxically, is an advantage: it means the place has a lot of scope for improvement. Some European countries are beginning to contemplate (and, to a limited extent, undertake) economic reforms. If they push ahead, their growth could actually speed up over the coming years. Once investors spot this, they are likely to conclude that the euro is a better bet than the dollar.核心词汇：tumble v. ①（使）摔倒；②打滚，翻腾；n. 摔跤，跌倒shrink n. v. 萎缩，减少; [同义词]dwindleeuro 欧元slip v. ①滑，滑倒；②滑落，滑掉；③溜走；n. 疏忽，小错，口误，笔误Step outside and you could break a leg, slipping on your doormat.［1999年阅读1］如果你走出去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。

Lesson1 A puma at largePumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。

UNIT SEVENTEXT ONEOnce upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American students blithely flocked overseas to nibbl e on affordable scones and croissants between classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-time lows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the United Kingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 cents to the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we could say studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says Daeya Malboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no way we can say that anymore."Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped students from scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of International Education,study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decade and continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering the rising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't been deterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles thestudy-abroad program at the University of Texas.Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of rising prices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices. The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, as has the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury College students, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; at Santiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not just about money. "You can't understand the United States today without understanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not just Europe anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program at the School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional locales spiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries are marketing themselves to American students. A surge of support from education nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advanceis a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.参考译文：当美元还是老大的时候，美国学生都高高兴兴地成群跑到海外上学，课间可以品尝价格合适的烤饼和羊角面包。

UNIT FIVETEXT ONEBoosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited from it. The earnings of top City lawyers can now exceed £2m a year.Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms of their profitability. That is now changing.The profit margins of the City's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent years and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a City lawyer. But even the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates £65,000, rising to around £90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firms get the equivalent of £80,000.)But, as many other top-rank City employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firmpartners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.参考译文：虽然受到快速发展的国际金融市场的推动，伦敦自20世纪90年代末网络富源之后再也没有享受过原来的好日子。

注:这是一篇音乐与孩子智力关系研究方面的文章,希望大家认真阅读. 选自<时代>杂志.? The phrase “Mozart Effect” conjures an image of a pregnant woman who, putting headphones conspicuously over her belly, is convinced that playing classical music to her unborn child will improve the kids’ intelligence. But is there science to back up this idea, which has brought about a cottage industry of books, CDs and videos? ? A short paper published in Nature in 1993 unwittingly introduced the supposed Mozart effect to the masses. Psychologist Frances Rauscher’s study involved 36 college kids who listened to either 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata, a relaxation track or silence before performing several spatial reasoning tasks. In one test----determining what a paper folded several times over and then cut might look like when unfolded---students who listened to Mozart seemed to show significant improvement in their performance (by about eight to nine spatial IQ points).? In addition to a flood of commercial products in the wake of the finding, in 1998 then---Georgia governor Zell Miller mandated that mothers of newborns in the state be given classical music CDs. And in Florida, day care centers were required to broadcast symphonies through their sound systems.? Earlier this year, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany published a second review study from a cross-disciplinary team of musically inclined scientists who declared the phenomenon nonexistent. “I would simply say that there is no compelling evidence that children who listen to classical music are going to have any improvement in cognitive abilities,” adds Rauscher, now an associate professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh. “It’s really a myth, in my humble opinion.”? Rather than passively listening to music, Rauscher advocates putting an instrument into the hands of a youngster to raise intelligence. She cites a 1997 University of California, Los Angels, study that found that, among 25,000 students, those who had spent time involved in a musical pursuit tested higher on SATs and reading proficiency exams than those with no instruction in music.? Despite its rejection by the scientific community, companies like Baby Genius continue to peddle classical music to parents of children who can supposedly listen their way to greater smarts.? Chabris says the real danger isn’t in this questionable marketing, but in parents shirking roles they are evolutionarily meant to serve. “It takes away from other kinds of interaction that might be beneficial for children,” such as playing with them and keeping them engaged via social activity. That is the key to a truly intelligent child, not the symphonies of a long-dead Austrian composer.? “莫扎特效应”这个词让人想到这样的画面：一位孕妇把耳机显眼地放在肚子上，深信给未出世的孩子播放古典音乐会提高宝宝的智力。

考研时文阅读（15B）Malicious behavior is even harder to control, if a member of staff decides to smuggle a virus out of a facility. Doctors and scientists, as the recent terrorist attacks on Glasgow airport showed, can be radicalized like anyone else and many experts have pointed at the folly of keeping stocks of dangerous diseases so readily at hand.Then there are the facilities themselves. Can a simple household electric shower, as used in the National Institute for Medical Research where Mr Caidan works, for instance, remove all traces of a virus?“Lab accidents happen more frequently than the public knows,” says Ed Hammond, of the Sunshine Project, a non-profit-making organization that monitors the use of biological agents. “They are not always as spectacula r as the one in the UK, but I believe there's a real culture of denial about the scale of the problem.”In 2004, a Russian scientist working on an Ebola vaccine died after pricking her hand with a syringe, while in April 2005, a pandemic strain of Asian flu was released by a laboratory in America after it was accidentally put into test kits sent to scientists around the world. The last known case of smallpox occurred in 1978, when a researcher has resulted in the death of a member of the public...so far.But campaigners fear that, with more and more research being carried out on these hazardous organisms, the risk of accidents and escapes is increasing. The viruses kept in Containment Level Four laboratories are among the most infectious. Just a few of the tiny organisms are needed to cause disease. Once out in the community, they would spread quickly, with little chance of controlling them, and there are effective treatments for few of them.At the National Institute for Medical Research, scientists are studying the deadly H5N1 avian flu virus. Samples from infected people are brought to the facility in London's Mill Hill for analysis. Researchers have also been working on the 1918 pandemic flu strain that killed about 50 million people. If this strain of the virus were to escape, it could cause a fresh pandemic, as virtually no one would have immunity.“This is why the regulations have to be so strict,” explains Mr Caidan, the headof safety for the site. “We are not just protecting our staff, but the environ ment and the general public.”So why are we taking the risk at all? “We need to carry out research on these organisms so we can understand them better and produce ways of treating them,” says Prof Philip Duffus, an animal virologist at Bristol University. “We also need to handle samples for diagnosis of these diseases.”While the investigation into how the foot and mouth virus escaped from the Pirbright site continues, there are now doubts as to whether the laboratory is still fit for purpose. There are also questions about whether liquid waste from the Merial buildings and the Institute for Animal Health laboratory was treated sufficiently to kill any virus it contained, and investigators are still examining whether the disease could have been carried off the site by a member of staff.Regardless of the outbreak's cause, the safety of Britain's high-security laboratories will have to be improved. The WHO will publish new international standards for containing dangerous pathogens next year. The fear of the escape of a deadly human virus is sending many a shiver down white-coated spines.如果一名工作人员决意把病毒偷偷带出实验室，那么这种恶意行为就会更加难以控制。