作业参考答案二

《电算化会计》第二次作业参考答案一、名词解释：（每题2分，共20分）1、账套的引入答:引入账套功能是指将系统外某账套数据引入本系统中。

在计算机环境中，无论是计算机故障或病毒侵犯，都会致使系统数据受损，这时利用账套引入功能，恢复备份数据，可以将损失降到最小。

另外，子公司的账套数据可以定期被引入母公司系统中，以便进行有关账套数据的分析和合并工作。

只有系统管理员才能进行该功能的操作。

2、系统初始化答：系统初始化包括系统工作环境设置，账套设置，科目、凭证种类、初始余额录入，系统的人员管理，初始银行未达账，初始未核销往来账等设置。

账务系统的初始设置一般由财务主管或财务主管指定的专人进行。

初始设置工作在系统投入使用时进行，以后一般不再重新设置或修改，如需修改应在年末结账后进行。

3、凭证审核答：为确保登记到账簿的每一笔经济业务的准确性和可靠性，制单员填制的每一张凭证都必须经过审核员的审核。

审查认为错误或有异议的凭证，应交与填制人员修改后，再审核。

在审核凭证的过程中审核员和制单员不能是同一个人。

凭证一经审核，就不能被修改、删除，只有被取消审核签字后才可以进行修改或删除。

4、银行对账答：账务处理子系统中的银行对账就是将系统登记的银行存款日记账与银行对账单进行核对，银行对账单来自企业开户行。

采用自动对账和手工对账两种方式。

5、试算平衡答：试算平衡就是将系统中设置的所有科目的期末余额按会计平衡公式“借方余额=贷方余额”进行平衡检验，并输出科目余额表及是否平衡信息。

6、结账答：根据有关会计制度的规定，结账主要是计算和结转各个会计科目的本期发生额和期末余额，同时结束本期的账务处理工作，计算机的结账工作也应按此办理。

结账工作应由具有结账权的人员进行。

由于结账工作比较重要，应该确定专人进行结账工作。

7、机制凭证答：是指由计算机生成的两种凭证：一种是对于某些具有规律性、且每月都发生的期末结转业务，由计算机根据设置自动生成其记账凭证，这类凭证一般称为机制凭证，另一种是由计算机会计信息系统中其他子系统生成的记账凭证。

国家开放大学《外国文学》形考作业2参考答案一、选择题（已知作品选择作者，每题2分，共10分）1、《天路历程》a. 约翰·德莱顿b. 拉辛c. 约翰·班杨d. 高乃依2、《熙德》a. 拉封丹b. 莫里哀c. 高乃依d. 布阿洛3、《鲁滨逊飘流记》a. 孟德斯鸠b. 伏尔泰c. 斯威夫特d. 笛福4、《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史》a. 博马舍b. 伏尔泰c. 菲尔丁d. 卢梭5、《阴谋与爱情》a. 席勒b. 赫林格尔c. 歌德d. 狄德罗二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6、诗人弥尔顿是17世纪（英国）（填国名）文学最主要的代表，晚年全力投入诗歌创作，完成了三部借宗教题材表现革命内容的诗作，其中最著名的是长诗《失乐园》。

7、法国古典主义文学的主要成就是戏剧。

喜剧代表作家主要有（莫里哀）。

8、18世纪德国的（莱辛）是美学理论家、作家和戏剧家，他的理论著作《拉奥孔》《汉堡剧评》对西方现实主义理论和美学思想的发展作出了重要贡献。

9、18世纪后半期出现的英国感伤主义作家中，以（斯忒恩）和哥尔德斯密斯最为重要。

他们的代表作品分别是《感伤的旅行》和《威克菲牧师传》。

10、18世纪法国启蒙主义作家（狄德罗）的代表作有对话体小说《拉摩的侄儿》等。

11、18世纪法国“百科全书派”的主要代表最具民主倾向的思想家和文学家（卢梭）的代表作有作者的自传《忏悔录》。

12、歌德的诗剧《浮士德》的创作历时60年。

它的主要内容是描写主人公不断追求、不断探索人生理想的道路和他思想发展的历程。

三、简答题（每题15分，共45分）13、简述古典主义文学的特征。

答题要点：①政治上拥护中央王权，主张国家统一。

古典主义要求作家们在创作中必须体现的一个最高原则，即为中央集权的政治服务。

因此，歌颂贤明君主的文治武功、国家的统一强盛和宣扬公民的义务与责任，成为作家们表现的重要主题。

②思想上崇尚理性。

古典主义作家往往借助于各种形式，强调人们的行为应收理智和意志的支配，谴责非理性行为，表现荣誉、责任、义务等理性观念战胜感情的过程。

24秋学期《PS软件精通》作业参考1.属于色阶的快捷键是（）。

选项A：Ctrl+Z选项B：Ctrl+L选项C：Ctrl+T选项D：Ctrl+Shift+L参考答案：B2.不属于渐变填充方式的是（）。

选项A：直线渐变选项B：角度渐变选项C：对称渐变选项D：径向渐变参考答案：A3.以下（）为位图图像的高度和宽度的像素数量选项A：像素大小选项B：分辨率选项C：图像大小选项D：色彩模式参考答案：B4.索引颜色模式的图像包含（）中颜色。

选项A：2选项B：256选项C：约6500选项D：1670万参考答案：B5.以下（）图像必须是何种模式，才可以转为位图模式。

选项A：RGB选项B：索引颜色选项C：灰度选项D：多通道参考答案：C6.下列（）格式不支持无损失压缩。

选项A：PNG选项B：JPEG选项C：Photoshop选项D：GIF参考答案：B7.对于双色调模式的图像可以设定单色调、双色调、三色调和四色调，在通道调板中它们分别包含（）个通道？选项A：分别为1、2、3、4个通道选项B：分别为1、2、2、2个通道选项C：均为1个通道选项D：均为2个通道参考答案：C8.下列四个图像颜色类型中，哪一个只能储存成为人们常说的“黑白图片”选项A：RGB选项B：索引颜色选项C：灰度选项D：Lab颜色参考答案：C9.在“文字工具”对话框中，当将“消除锯齿”选项关闭会出现何种效果？（）选项A：文字变为位图选项B：文字依然保持文字轮廓。

24秋学期《物理与人类文明（尔雅）》作业参考
1.到目前为止，基本粒子的数目共有：（）
选项A：12种
选项B：24种
选项C：36种
选项D：48种
参考答案：D
2.比萨斜塔位于哪个国家：（）
选项A：美国
选项B：法国
选项C：意大利
选项D：英国
参考答案：C
3.钻石最多的国家是：（）
选项A：坦桑尼亚
选项B：南非
选项C：巴西
选项D：印度
参考答案：B
4.地球上的生物不受太阳发出的高能射线的影响，这是因为：（）
选项A：平流层的存在
选项B：臭氧层的存在
选项C：对流层的存在
选项D：电离层的存在
参考答案：B
5.下列语句在自然科学论文中常见的是：（）
选项A：柏拉图指出
选项B：牛顿认为
选项C：爱因斯坦曾经说
选项D：实验证实
参考答案：D
6.LHC指的是：（）
选项A：大型强子对撞机
选项B：国际热核聚变实验堆
选项C：大尺度分子模拟
选项D：液晶显示器
参考答案：A
7.中国第一座核电站是：（）
选项A：大亚湾核电站
选项B：岭澳核电站
选项C：田湾核电站
选项D：秦山核电站
参考答案：D
8.中国消耗最多的能源物质是：（）
选项A：石油
选项B：天然气
选项C：煤炭
选项D：水电
参考答案：C
9.人类从哪个时期开始进入了原子操作时代：（）
选项A：上世纪七十年代
选项B：上世纪八十年代
选项C：上世纪九十年代
选项D：21世纪初
参考答案：B。

一、单项选择题1. 目前普遍采用的确定加工余量的方法为不包括（ A ）.A、估计法B、查表法C、计算法D、经验法1. 零件的结构工艺性是( B )(零件的结构工艺性是指A．零件结构对强度的影响B．零件结构对加工可行性的影响C．零件结构对使用性能的影响D．零件结构对刚度的影响2. 有些机械的机架、箱体等受力较大或较复杂，如轧钢机机架、模锻锤锤身等往往同时承受较大的拉、压和弯曲应力，有时还受冲击，要求有较高的力学性能，所以往往用_铸3. 等中碳钢，经正火或调质处理，4. 保证已确定的工件位置在加工过程中不发生变更的装置，称为(C )装置。

Ａ、定位元件Ｂ、引导元件Ｃ、夹紧装置Ｄ、夹具体5. 夹紧装置的基本要求中，重要的一条是(D)。

A. 结构简单B. 正确施加夹紧力C. 夹紧动作迅速D. 安全可靠6. 跟刀架要固定在车床的床鞍上，以抵消车削轴时的(C)切削力。

A．切向B．轴向C．径向7. 工件有锥度，不可能是（A）造成的A．切削力过大 B．主轴箱轴线弯曲度超差C．导轨磨损 D．刀具磨损8. 车床上，利用（工件的旋转运动和刀具的直线运动或曲线运动）来改变毛胚的形状和尺寸。

9. 零件表面微观几何形状误差称（A）A．表面粗糙度 B．表面波纹度 C．表层金相组织变化 D．冷作硬化10. 机械加工顺序安排的原则是先基准后其他、先粗后精、先主后次、（先面后孔）11. 批量是指（B）。

A．每批投入制造的零件数B．每年投入制造的零件数C．一个工人一年加工的零件数D．在一个产品中的零件数12. 零件尺寸不要注成封闭的尺寸链。

以下（）是选择开囗环的依据。

13. 一个工序的定义，强调的是（A）。

A．工作地点固定于工作连续B．只能是一个工人完成C．只能加工一个工件D．只能在一台机床上完成14. 单件小批生产的特征是（B）。

A．毛坯粗糙，工人技术水平要求低B．毛坯粗糙，工人技术水平要求高C．毛坯精化，工人技术水平要求低D．毛坯精化，工人技术水平要求高15. 夹紧力方向应朝向工件（ A ）的方向。

作业题二（含参考答案）一、填空1、多媒体技术具有___集成性____、___实时性___、____交互性___和多媒体数据的输入和输出复杂等特性。

2、国际常用的广播视频标准和记录格式有：______NTSC______、____PAL____和SECAM。

3、MPEG-1标准包括__MPEG-1系统（11172-1）___、MPEG-1视频（11172-2）、_ MPEG-1音频（11172-3）_和__一致性测试（11172-4）_四大部分。

4、音频信号主要分为语音和非语音信号。

其中非语音又可分为乐音和噪音。

5、在多媒体技术中，存储声音的常用文件格式有_______AOC_____文件、___MP3____文件和____MIDI___文件。

(WAV, AIF等)6、在计算机颜色模型中，RGB的含义是___红、绿、蓝三种基本颜色___，HSV 的含义是___色相、饱和度及亮度____。

7、Windows中最常用的图像文件格式是__ GIF ____、____BMP___、__JPEG___、___TIF __。

8、一帧画面由若干个像素组成，在每一帧内的相邻像素之间相关性很大，有很大的信息冗余，称为_________帧内冗余________。

9、目前常用的压缩编码方法分为两类：__可逆编码___和___不可逆编码____。

10、从方法上看，声音信号编码方式大致可分为三大类：__ 预测编码（ DPCM ADPCM）___、__参数编码___和混合编码方法。

二、判断题（判断对错，错的要改正）1．（×）多媒体数据的特点是数据量巨大、数据类型少、数据类型间区别大和输入输出复杂。

2．（×）音频大约在20KHz—20MHz的频率范围内。

3．（√）用来表示一个电压模拟值的二进数位越多，其分辨率也越高。

4．（×）对于位图来说，用一位位图时每个像素可以有黑白两种颜色，而用二位位图时每个像素则可以有三种颜色。

24秋学期《国际贸易政策》作业参考1.多边出口管制机构的典型代表是（）选项A：北约选项B：欧盟选项C：巴黎统筹委员会选项D：WTO参考答案：C2.下面关于WTO和GATT关系的论述，错误的是（）选项A：它们性质不同，WTO是国际经济组织，GATT是多边国际协定选项B：GATT没有争端解决机制，WTO的争端解决机制使得贸易纠纷有效率地解决选项C：对参加者的称谓不同选项D：它们各自约束的范围不同，WTO将商品、服务和知识产权问题包括在约束范围内参考答案：B3.甲国生产一单位酒需40个劳动力，生产一单位布需30个劳动力，乙国生产一单位酒需20个劳动力，生产一单位布需10个劳动力，则根据比较优势理论（）选项A：甲国专业生产酒，乙国专业生产布选项B：甲国专业生产酒和布选项C：甲国专业生产布，乙国专业生产酒选项D：乙国专业生产酒和布参考答案：A4.下列有关战略性贸易政策的说法中，错误的是（）选项A：战略性贸易政策强调通过政府干预获取本国竞争优势选项B：战略性贸易政策的成功实施是以对市场准确估计为前提的选项C：战略性贸易政策能够促进产业发展，但会降低实施国的静态国民福利选项D：战略性贸易政策提出了比较优势与竞争优势相分离的问题参考答案：C5.普惠制要求（）选项A：发展中国家对发达国家提供进口关税优惠选项B：WTO成员国对非成员国提供进口关税优惠选项C：发达国家对发展中国家提供进口关税优惠选项D：欧盟国家之间提供进口关税优惠参考答案：C6.下列哪一项不属于区域经济一体化组织（）选项A：南方共同市场选项B：G20选项C：东盟选项D：欧盟参考答案：B7.我国于1994年由国家出资设立、直属国务院领导、支持中国对外经济贸易投资发展与国际经济合作、具有独立法人地位的国有政策性银行是（）选项A：中国人民银行选项B：中国出口信用保险公司选项C：中国进出口银行选项D：中国银行参考答案：C8.联合国《国际贸易标准分类》（SITC）将国际贸易商品分为10大类，即从第0类到第9类，其中第7类为（）选项A：饮料及烟类选项B：动植物油脂选项C：化学品及相关产品选项D：机械和运输设备参考答案：D。

《成本管理学》作业2参考答案一、单项选择题（共20 道试题，共20 分。

）1. 以某一先进单位产品成本作为目标成本的一种预测方法称为（）。

A. 倒扣测算法B. 比率测算法C. 选择测算法D. 直接测算法正确答案：C2. 如果企业属于连续式复杂生产企业，分解产品目标成本时，应按（）。

A. 功能评价系数分解B. 历史成本构成百分比分解C. 按产品制造过程分解D. 按产品成本项目构成分解正确答案：C3. 在本量利分析中，必须假定产品成本的计算基础是（）A. 完全成本法B. 变动成本法C. 吸收成本法D. 制造成本法正确答案：B4. 进行本量利分析，必须把企业全部成本区分为固定成本和（）A. 制造费用B. 直接材料C. 直接人工D. 变动成本正确答案：D5. 按照本量利分析的假设，收入模型和成本模型的自变量均为同一个（D）A. 销售单价B. 单位变动成本C. 固定成本D. 产销量正确答案：D6. 计算贡献边际率，可以用单位贡献边际去除以（）A. 单位售价B. 总成本C. 销售收入D. 变动成本正确答案：A7. 已知企业只生产一种产品，单位变动成本为每件3元，固定成本总额为60000元，产品单价为5元，则保本销量为（）件。

A. 30000B. 20000C. 12000D. 7500正确答案：A8. 已知企业某产品单价为2000元，目标销量为3500件，固定成本总额为100000元，目标利润为600000元，则单位变动成本为（）元/件。

A. 1000B. 1500C. 1800D. 2000正确答案：C9. 确定功能评价系数常常采用的方法是（）。

A. 对比法B. 评分法C. 定性分析法D. 定量分析法正确答案：B10. 价值系数的计算公式是（）。

A. 功能评价系数×成本系数B. 功能评价系数÷成本系数C. 成本系数÷功能评价系数D. 功能评价系数÷价格系数正确答案：B11. 倒扣测算法是在事先确定（）的基础上，首先预计产品的售价和销售收入，然后扣除价内税和目标利润，余额即为目标成本的一种预测方法。

开放大学形成性考核作业学号姓名完成日期课程代码 110004课程名称大学英语A（专）评阅教师得分评阅时间第 2 次任务共 4 次任务开放大学大学英语（A）（专）形成性考核 2答题纸I. 选择填空（每小题 2分，共 20 分）II. 用方框里所给的短语完成对话（每小题2分，共10分）III.阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 40 分）IV.完成句子（每小题 3 分，共 30 分）1. verystrangetoyou2. reallyagoodfilm3. anymoneyonherself4. dealwiththeproblem5. theweatherconditions6. isbestknownfor7. aredifferentfromeachother8. importantforyoutopass theexam9. willprovidecashbenefit10. applytoHarvard教师语：。

开放大学大学英语（A）（专）形成性考核 2试题I. Choose the choice that best fits into the blank.（每小题 2 分，共 20 分）1. There ______ only a few eggs and there ______ not much milk left inthe refrigerator.A. is, areB. is, isC. are, areD. are, is2. Xiao Li ______ in this school since 2008.A. has been teachingB. has taughtC. taughtD. teaches3. The road is so slippery. It ______ .A. might snow soonB. must snow soonC. must have snowedD. may be snowing now4. Li Ping got a new job and she ______.A. doesn’t work here no longerB. doesn’t work here any longerC. works here no longerD. works here any longer5. – Do you know who he is?–He ______ familiar, but I’m not sure who he is.A. tastesB. feelsC. smellsD. looks6. You look so tired. You ______ all night.A. must have been workingB. might be workingC. must workD. should have worked7. Can we finish the project with ______ money and ______ people?A. lesser; fewB. less; fewerC. little; lessD. few; less8. Everyone wants to win the lottery, ______?A. does heB. doesn’t everyoneC. doesn’t itD. don’t they9. I showed my husband the new dress but I ______ tell him how much itcost.A. does not dare toB. dared notC. dared not toD. dares not10. He had no sooner returned to Britain ______ he bought a house andlived there.A. thanB. whenC. beforeD. asII. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box.（每小题2分，共10分）A. Why don’t youB. What aboutC. planning toD. I’m going toE. I willHans: What are you 1 C do after class?Mark: I’m going to play basketball. A you?Hans: Well, E stay in the classroom and do the homework.Mark: B take a break first?Hans: Maybe D , you know, go out for a walk.Mark: That’s betterIII. Reading Comprehension.（每小题 2 分，共 40 分）Passage 1The school year has begun and it’s easy to be frightened by so much schoolwork. Although it may seem painful to sit down and make a study plan, it really can take away a lot of stress. Here are some tips on making a plan that you can follow: A timetable will help you see how you spend your time every day. For a one- week period, take notes of your daily activities. Record things like when you are at work, school, or home with family. This way you can find days and times that can be devoted to studying.Set priorities. First find out areas in which you’re strong and others in which you need more efforts. Then arrange your time accordingly.Find your goals for each learning period, and develop a plan that can help you achieve those goals. Take into consideration tests, papers, and projects that will take more time than others.Be flexible. When exams are close, cut time on parties, cinemas, etc., so that you can pay more attention to study.If you can, find time for study by yourself and time for study with friends. Try to choose those who can spend time together with you and those who can help you with your weak subjects.One way to make you follow your plan is to find time for extracurricular activities, such as exercises, hobbies, and joining school clubs. When you are studying, remember to take breaks so that you won’t get bored. After some rest, you will get your mind more active for study.A good study plan can help you get a great start on the way to success. It can make you work better, and improve both your outlook and outcome at school.1. It is useful to make a study plan because____________.CA.it is not painful to make oneB. it can bring fun to your studyC. it can take away stress2. To make a timetable, you need to____________.AA. take notes of your daily activitiesB. see how you spend time every dayC. find time that can be devoted to study3. When following a study plan, you need to____________.BA. pay more attention to studyB. be flexibleC. cut time on parties4. Try to study together with friends who_____________.CA. are good at learningB. are interested in learningC. can help you with your weak subjects5. ____________during study so that you won’t get bored.AA. Take breaksB. Follow your planC. PlayPassage 2If you are still a student, your financial picture is much different from someone in the workforce. You have not yet started making real money, and your focus is mainly on studies and having fun. However, it is important for you to manage money now because the mistakes you make in college can follow you throughout the rest of your life. Here are three pieces of advice you may want to hear.1. Budgeting in CollegeYou should create a budget, now. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t have fun at all, but plan it in your budget. You do not need to get the latest cell phones, computers and clothes to have a good time. These things can come after you have your first real job. Set limits on all of your spending categories and stick to them, then you will start out on a great path and form good spending habits.2. Credit CardsYou do not need a credit card to make it through college. Credit card companies work hard to get college students to sign up. They want to create customer loyalty. It is also common for students to spend more than they can afford before they really understand all what a credit card means. You should be living on a budget and any money that you put on your credit card should be taken from the budget. This will help you to pay off your card in full each month.3. Working in CollegeThere are many advantages to working while you are in college. Above all, finding a good college job will make it easier to manage your money. You may also benefit from the employee benefits offered by your company. Then, with a college job, you can gain work experience while at school. It will look great when you begin to apply for jobs. You can choose to only work during the summers so you can focus on studies during the schooldays. You may also take an internship. Your work experience can help you to move from college to work.6. Why is it important for a student to manage money in college according to the author? BA. Because it is a course.B. Because the mistakes you make will follow you throughout the rest of your life.C. Because students are poor.7. How can students create a budget?A. Set limits on all of your spending categories and stick to them. AB. Don’t have any fun.C. Always buy the latest cell phones and computers.8. Why do credit card companies try to get college students sign up? CA. To help students buy what they want.B. To stimulate economy.C. To create customer loyalty.9. What’s the author’s suggestion on credit cards? BA. Never use it.B. Live on a budget.C. Don’t pay off the card in full each month.10. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of a college job according to the author? CA. Make it easier to manage money.B. Gain work experience.C. Meet new people.Passage 3Letter OneApril 10, 2017Dear Sir,We have read your advertisement in International Trade and are glad to know that you are one of the leading exporters of silk blouses （短上衣，女衬衫）in China. We are interested in the goods and would like to be informed of the details of your various types, including sizes, colors and prices.We are a large dealer in silk garments（服装）, having over 15 years’ experience in this particular line of business. Silk blouses of good quality and moderate prices command a good sale in our market.When replying, please state the terms of payment and the discounts you would allow on a regular purchase of over 100 dozen items.We look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,D. JohnsonLetter TwoApril 20, 2017Dear Sir,We are pleased to receive you inquiry of April , and thank you for your interest in our products.We are glad to tell you that we are in a position to supply the items inquired. We are confident that the superior material and exquisite（精致的）craftsmanship of our silk blouses appeal to the most selective buyers.On regular purchases of over 100 dozen items a discount of 3% is granted. If you place your order no later than the end of this week, we would guarantee a promptdelivery within 20 days, and demand you payment by sight L/C.Enclosed is a quotation sheet and a copy of illustrated catalogue giving the details you ask for. As the market is showing an upward tendency, it is profitable for you to place an order immediately.We look forward to your first order.Yours faithfully,Wang Fan11. According to the passage, the buyer wants to purchase ____________.A. 100 dozen silk blousesB. less than 100 dozen silk blousesC. over 100 dozen blousesD. over 100 dozen items of silk blouses12. Which of the following statements is true?A. It is the first time that the buyer contacts the seller.B. The buyer has over 100 years’ experience in this line of business.C. The seller has read the buyer’s advertisement in International Trade.D. The buyer is one of the leading exporters of silk blouses in China.13. When did the seller write the letter?A. On April 10, 2017.B. On April 20, 2017.C. On April 19, 2017.D. Yesterday.14. On what condition does the seller allow a discount of 3%?A. To buy 100 dozen silk blouses.B. To buy over 100 dozen silk blouses.C. To buy regularly over 100 dozen blouses.D. To buy regularly over 100 dozen items of silk blouses.15. What is put into the envelope with Letter Two?A. Not mentioned.B. Some samples.C. A quotation sheet and a copy of illustrated catalogue.D. A guarantee letter.Passage 4Diana Smith thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.“I have two kids in college, and I want to say “come home,” but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Diana.The Smith family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid from the school, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan （贷款） program. They will each graduate with a $20,000 debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to see more families like the Smiths. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.At the same time, tuition （学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.“If we go on this way for another 25 years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,”says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. the good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.16. According to Paragraph 1, why did the Smith family’s plan fail?A. The twins wasted too much money.B. The father was out of work.C. Their sayings ran out.D. The family fell apart.17. How did the Smiths manage to solve their problem?A. They asked their kids to come home.B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.D. They got help from the school and the federal government.18. Financial aid administrators believe that ____________.A. more families will face the same problem as the SmithsB. the government will receive more letters of complaintC. college tuition fees will double soonD. America’s unemployment will fall19. What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.C. They will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years/20. According to the last paragraph, the government will ___________A. provide most students with scholarshipsB. dismiss some financial aid administratorsC. stop the companies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college studentsIV. Complete the sentences with the words from the bracket, and you shouldput them in proper order.（每小题 3 分，共 30 分）1. Doesn’t that seem __________________（对你来说很奇怪）.(, , , )verystrangetoyou2. Apart from the ending,__________________（这是一部很好的电影）.(,, , ) it’sreallyagoodfilm,3. Mum never spends__________________（钱在自己身上）., )anymoneyonherself,4. But, on the bright side, people are trying hard to__________________（解决这个问题）.(, , , )dealwiththeproblem5. We’ll take __________________（天气情况）into consideration before we travel. (, )theweatherconditions6. Brazil（巴西）（以……最为有名）__________________ football.(, , , )isbestknownfor7. Our sons __________________（彼此都不相同）.( , , )aredifferentfromeachother,8. It is __________________（通过这个考试对你来说很重要）.( for, important, you, pass, to, the exam)9. The company. __________________（会提供现金补助） if you work in polluted areas. (benefit, provide, cash, will)10. He decides to __________________（申请哈佛大学）.(apply, Harvard, to)。

第二次作业参考答案1、中等长度输电线路的集中参数等值电路有那两种形式？电力系统分析计算中采用哪一种？为什么？答：中等长度输电线路的集中参数等值电路有型等值电路和型等值电路两种，电力系统分析计算中采用型等值电路。

因为电力系统分析计算通常采用节点电压法，为减少独立节点的数目，所以采用型等值电路。

2、为什么要采用分裂导线？分裂导线对电晕临界电压有何影响？答：采用分裂导线是为了减小线路的电抗，但分裂导线将使电晕临界电压降低，需要在线路设计中予以注意。

3、输电线路进行全换位的目的是什么？答：输电线路进行全换位的目的是使输电线路各相的参数（电抗、电纳）相等。

4、变压器的τ形等值电路和T 形等值电路是否等效？为什么？答：变压器的τ 形等值电路和T 形等值电路不等效，τ 形等值电路是将T 形等值电路中的励磁值路移到一端并用相应导纳表示所得到的等值电路，是T 形等值电路的近似电路。

5、已知 110KV 架空输电线路长度为 80km,三相导线平行布置，线间距离为4m，导线型号为 LGJ － 150，计算其参数并画出其等值电路。

（ LGJ-150 导线计算外径为17mm）解：由于线路为长度小于100km 的短线路，线路的电纳和电导可以忽略不计，因而只需计算其电抗和电阻。

D m 1.26 4 5(m) ＝500（cm），导线计算半径r 178.5(cm) ,标称截面为S 150( mm2 ) ，取导线的电阻率为31.5 .mm2 / km 。

2r131.5/ km)0.21(S 150x10.1445 lg 5000.01570.416(/ km) 8.5输电线路的总电阻和总电抗分别为：R r1l0.218016.8() 、 X x1l 0.41680 33.28( )输电线路的单相等值电路如图6、已知 220KV 同杆双回架空输电线路长度为200km,三相导线平行布置，导线之间的距离为6.0m ，导线型号为 LGJ-300, 求线路的集中参数， 并画出其等值电路。