2017年山东省烟台市中考英语试卷

2017年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编专题20（含解析）专题20 阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）1.【2017年内蒙古赤峰市】阅读短文，从每小题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

请将正确答案序号按要求涂在答题卡指定位置。

Lab work is fun but you must be careful. Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson.LAB RULESThroughoutthe lessons * Do not enter the science lab without the teacher's permission(允许). * No food or drinks are to be allowed in the sciencelab.Before theExperiment * Read all instructions carefully before everyexperiment(实验).* Prepare all apparatus(仪器)and put them in rightplaces so that you will not knock them over whiledoing the experiment.During theExperiment * If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus orhow to operate, ask your teacher for help. * Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teachergives permission.After the Experiment* Wash all apparatus after use and return them tothe places where they were.* Throw waste materials into proper waste baskets.First Aid * Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.* If you spill any chemicals onto your body orclothing, wash with plenty of water and report toyour teacher. 31. You must know the LAB RULES ______ the first lab lessons.A. beforeB. sinceC. duringD.after32. It is necessary for you to ______ before every experiment.A. read all instructions carefullyB. take enough food and drinksC. smell chemicals immediatelyD. talk with your classmates.33. If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus, ______.A. read the rules carefullyB. try them again and againC. ask your teacher for helpD. return all apparatus to the places where they were34. The underlined wo rd “spill” means ______.A. 照射B. 伤害C.摔下D.溅出35. When you are in the science lab, you mustn’t ______.A. be careful in order to prevent injuryB. listen carefully when your teacher explains the rulesC. taste chem icals without the teacher’s permissionD. throw waste materials into proper waste baskets【答案】31.A32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】考点：科普类短文阅读。

山东省威海市2017年初中学业考试英语注意事项：1本试卷共8页，共8 0分。

考试时间9 0分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

2答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

3需要涂卡的小题，选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答案选在试卷上无效。

4非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案曲颁写在答题卡指定区域内相应的位置，写在试卷上的答案无效：如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸修正带，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

一、阅读理解（共五篇短文，共25小题，计30分。

其中1~20每小题1分；21~25每小题2分）阅读A、B篇，从文后每小题A、B、C选项中选择最佳答案。

请将答案编号涂卡。

AMr and Mrs Albina, with 64 children, have the world’s largest family. Not on e of theirchildren is adopted（领养）.When people hear about the Albinas’ large family, the first question they ask is, "How is itpossible? How can one woman give birth to 64 children in her lifetime?" The answer ls simple:Every time Mrs Albina gave birth, she had twins or triplets.Soon after the Albinas got married the children came quickly,in twos and threes. The first 21children were boys. Mrs Albina loved her sons, but she wanted a daughter very much.The Albinas spent the early years in Argentina. Then they decided to move to Chile. To travelfrom Argentina to Chile, they had to cross the Andes Mountains. Mr and Mrs Albina and their 21 sons made the difficult, two-week joumey on mules. One night there was a tarible snowstorm in the mountains. During the snowstorm, Mrs Albina gave birth to triplets,a boy and-two girls!The oldest Albina children are in their thirties and forthies. They are on their own now, but 18 of the Albina children still live with their parents The fa:mily lwes in a two-room shack in Colina Chile The shack has electncity but no toilet or running water The children wash in a small bowl in the dusty backyard.At times there is very little food in the Albinas’ small house When thcre is not cnough foodfor everyone, Mrs Albina makes sure the youngest children do not go hungry. "The smallest eatrirst, and then the bigger ones We’ve always done it that way," she says. Obviously, the Albinasdo not have enough money for their big family Why, then, do thcy continue to havechildren?The Albinas do not use birth control because itls against their religion (宗教）They couldlet other people take care of their children, but Mrs. Albina will not allow lt "When my two brothers and l were babies: she says，’’our mother lef t us at an orphanage（孤儿院）and neverretumed We lived there together until we were five Then a couple adopted my brothers, and 1was left belund l was heartbroken I promised myself that whenI became a mother,l would nevergive my children away. Even ifI didn’t have much ruone y,1 would always take care of my children myself“Mrs Albina has kept her promise.l. How many people are there in the world’s largest family?A. 66: a mother, a father and their 64 adopted children.B 66: a mother, a father and their 64 children.C. 23: a mother, a father and their 21 sons.2. All ofthe Albina children are .A. Iivirig in ArgentinaB. in their thirties and fortiesC. twins or triplets3. The Albina family is .A. poorB. middleclassC.rich4. The Albinas do not use birth control because .A. they want to have as many children as possibleB. thcy don’t know about birth controlC. it is against their religion5. Mrs Albina will not let other people take care of hcr children because_______.A. she is afraid other people won’t take good care of themB. she promised that she would always take care of her children herselfC. she has a lot of money and can take care of them herselfBMany cluldren in England get given lunch at school There arc new niles about whal children may be gwen for these lunches. The reason for this is to gwe children healthier food. There are many foods that children aren’t allowed to eat and they’re only allowed to eat small amounts of fatty or sweet food. If you were at a school there, you might hear this conversation as you wait for your lunch.Josh:Whats for lunch? I want chips.Dinner lady: No chips today. You’ve had chips twice this week already.Josh:Oh! OK, I’ll have a chicken pie with gravy.Dinner lady: No, sorry. You’ve had a pastry dish (油酥食品) once this week already.Josh: Really!Oh yes, on Monday. Well, what can I havel? I’d like pasta an d sauce.Dinner lady: No, sorry. Pasta counts as (算作)a pastry dish So you can’t have that, either.You ‘ve had two pastry dishes this week - a meat pie and a pizza. You can have vegetables or salad. The meatballs are nice today.J osh:All right. I’ll have meatballs and steamed vegetables. I hope they’re tasty.Dinner lady: They’re good for you!Josh:I miss my chips They’re my favorite. I used to have them every day. Before these new rules came in.Dinner lady: Well, that’s wh y these rules were brought in. Too many children were eating junk food, especialy chips. Children like chips, but they aren’t a healthy choice.J osh:I’ll have an apple juice with that, please.Dinner lady: OK, but its only 150 ml. You aren’t allowed more than that as juice has sugarin it. The new rules encourage you to drink water. No soft drinks at all.Students cannot have more than two portions (价额)a week of food that has been deep-fired.They must have at least three different fruits and three different vegetables every week. Whole grains such as brown bread are to be given,instead of "white" grains.These rules are to teach healthy eating and to stop children putting on too much weight. This will make sure that more people are healthy in the future.6. The new rules about gwen lunch are brought in to .A. give cluldren healthier foodB. sell fruit and vegetablesC. help students save money7. What did Josh have for lunch in the conversation?A. Chips.B. A chicken pie with gravyC. Meatballs and steamed vegetables.8. The new rules encourage children to have a weekA. 150 ml soft drinksB. 3 portions of deep-fired foodC. more than 3 kinds ofvegetables9. Many children in England get given lunch. In that way, children .A.can eat whatever they likeB. must choose food by rulesC. can put on weight quickly10 The passageis about .A. healthy schoollunchesB. how to order foodC. school rulesCWater is a hquid (渍体) ; but it can also be a solid when it is very cold and turns to ice. It can also be a gas, when it evaporates (蒸发) and become water vapour (水蒸气) .The water cycleWater is very important, and without it life on Earth should be impossible. The oceans thatcover three quarters of the Earth’s surface can be thought of as our great water reservoirs. All thetime, water is being evaporated from the ocean’s surface by the warmth of the sun. High in the sky this water vapour, turns into clouds which drift (漂浮) over the land, often creating rainfall. As the rain falls,it seeps (滂漏) into the soil and then into rivers that flow back into the oceans, where it is ready to begin all over again!下而是被打乱的有关The water cycle（水循环）的信息，请根据短文内容重新排序。

山东省烟台市中考英语试题本试卷分第1卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

考试时间1 20分钟，满分1 50分。

第1卷(共95分)一、听力测试(30分)1. A. Yes, that's it. B. Sure, you are here. C. Sorry, I'm using it.2. A. Jack is going to climb the hill this afternoon.B. That's a good idea..C. Good luck to you.3. A. I am sorry to hear that, is it serious?B. He plays basketball so well.C. Why not?4. A. Internet can help us a lot. B. Twice a week. C. Not often.5. A. Because I missed the bus. B. Because I got up very early. C. Because I can't drive.(二)听句子，选择与画一致的选项。

6.7.8.9.10.(三)听对话，选择正确答案。

11. A. She lost her maths books. B. She looked happy. C. She didn't pass her maths exam.12. A. It's cloudy. B. It's rainy. C. It's windy.13. A. America. B. England. C. Germany.14. A. Twelve. B. Fifteen. C. Nine.15. A. She wanted to move the man's bag. B. She wanted to know the time.C. She wanted to take a seat.(四)听短文，选择正确答案。

2017年山东省烟台市中考英语试卷-答案山东省烟台市2017年初中学业水平考试英语答案解析二、基础知识运用21.【答案】B【解析】be born with意为“天生具有”；the ability to意为“……的能力”。

22.【答案】A【解析】句意：我很乐意。

但我得先做完家务。

23.【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。

advantage意为“优点，有利条件”；stress意为“压力”；safety意为“安全，安全的地方”；risk意为“风险，冒险”，由drive after drinking可知答案。

24.【答案】C【解析】由"She is“medium height with blue eyes”可知询问长相。

25.【答案】B【解析】句意：一定不要独自一人前往，否则你可能在丛林中迷路。

26.【答案】C【解析】问问题时，手机已经买了，说明是过去时。

27.【答案】B【解析】动词短语的用法。

hope to意为“希望……”，后接动词原形；hold…。

意为“坚持”。

to为介词，后接名词或代词；used to意为“过去常常……”，后接动词原形；lead to 意为“通向，导致”。

to为介词。

28.【答案】D【解析】连词的用法Dentil意为“直到……才”；when意为“当……的时候”；if匹为“如果”；unless意为除非，否删，根据句意可知用unless。

29.【答案】A【解析】“Many hands make light work”意为“众人拾柴火焰高。

There is no smoke without fire”意为“无风不起浪。

”“Where there is a will。

There is way.”意为有志者，事成。

A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart意为“真正的朋友是向你伸出手、触动你心灵的。

”由It is easy to clean up all the trash if we each of each offer help可知答案。

2017年中考英语试题（word版,含答案）201 7年⾼中阶段学校招⽣统⼀考试英语本试卷分为第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页。

考试时间120分钟，满分120分。

温馨提⽰：1．答题前，考⽣务必将⾃⼰的姓名、座位号、考号⽤0.5毫⽶⿊⾊签字笔填写在答题卡上。

监考⽼师统⼀将条形码贴在答题卡规定的位置后，考⽣须认真核对，确认⽆误。

2．选择题必须使⽤2B铅笔，在答题卡相应位置规范填涂。

如需改动，⽤橡⽪擦擦⼲净后，再选涂其他答案标号；⾮选择题⽤0.5毫⽶⿊⾊签字笔作答，作答必须写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区书写的答案⽆效；在草稿纸、试题卷上作答⽆效。

3．考试结束后，将试卷及答题卡⼀并交回。

第I卷（选择题共85分）第⼀部分听⼒（共两节满分20分）第⼀节（本题共5⼩题，每⼩题1分，计5分）听下⾯五段对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三幅图⽚中选出最佳选项，并将答题卡上对应题号的答案标号涂⿊。

听完每段对话后，你将有5秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。

每段对话读两遍。

1. Which invention does the man think is the most important?2. What festival are they talking about?3. What did Mary use to look like?4. How do people in China greet others when they meet for the first time?5. Where did Lily go on vacation?第⼆节（本题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，计15分）听下⾯四段对话和⼀段独⽩，每段对话或独⽩后有⼏个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答题卡上对应题号的答案标号涂⿊。

听每段对话或独⽩前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各⼩题；听完后，各⼩题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2017年山东烟台市中考英语模拟考试试卷单项选择______ honest man he is!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an---Would you mind not_____ noise? Alice is sleeping.–---Sorry, I didn’t know. I________ she was awake.A.make, thinkB.making, thoughtC.making, thinkD.make, thoughtFather won’t allow me to play outside_______ I wash up the dishes.A.if notB.ifC.unlessD.because---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday, Scott?---I’m afraid_____ possible. I’ll be on business on those two days.A.eitherB.neitherC.everyD.each---How many girls are there in your class?---______ them_____ over twenty.A.A number of, areB.The number of, areC.A number of, isD.The number of, isYou look tired. You’d better______ a good rest.A.stop to haveB.stop havingC.to stop to haveD.to stop having---Would you please tell me the way to the Pacific Hotel?---Go______ the post office, and you will find it on the left.A.passB.pastC.to passD.passedLearning Chinese really________ my mind to the Chinese world.A.called upB.turned upC.opened upD.made up---How long may I ____ your dictionary? ---For one week. But it mustn’t ______ to others.A.keep, be lentB.borrow, lendC.lend, be borrowedD.have, borrowOh, your shirt is the same_________.A.as meB.with herC.with mineD.as hers完型填空Friends play an important role in our life. Most people hopethat their friends will always be there. They _____ friendship to last forever. ____, even the best friendship can end.As time goes by, many friendships end because of a(n) ______ in personality or way of life. The friendship slowly loses importance and finally_______.Tommy wrote, “I didn’t even know the friendship was over until I caught myself thinking of Alan as a former friend.”Peter explaine d. “We _____ seeing each other less and less. The friendship was just over.”Sometimes friendships______ suddenly from a disagreement or move to another place.Alice said, “The end of our friendship was a gradual thing. I moved from one side of the city to the other. Since then we _____ made a phone call. We met less and less. At last our friendship ended.”Jack said, “ When I moved to Seattle after college, our friendship died. Both of us were always____ with new jobs, so we didn’t keep _____ touch with each other. Our friendship was so dead that I didn’t call him_____ I went home.”Yet the biggest problem to a friendship is change. Lillian Rubin in her book Just Friends say, “Generally it’s______ that friends will accept each other if they both remain what they were when they met, orchange in similar directions. If they change or grow in different ways, the friendship most likely______ lost.”No matter why, when, or how friendships end, there isalways_____ pain of loss. When nothing can be____ to keep the friendship, it is important to forget the pain. Then move on_____ new friendships.May new friendships bring you pleasure and happiness!【小题1】A.hopeB.expectC.decideD.prefer【小题2】A.UnfortunatelyB.LuckilyC.ThenD.So【小题3】A.interestB.experienceC.changeD.Suggestion【小题4】A.forgetsB.disappearsC.appearsD.improves【小题5】A.finishedB.practicedC.continuedD.started【小题6】A.break downB.break awayC.break offD.break in【小题7】A.oftenB.seldomC.alwaysD.never【小题8】A.strugglingB.satisfyingC.pleasedD.fed【小题9】A.atB.byC.onD.in【小题10】A.even ifB.whileC.beforeD.since【小题11】A.strangeB.trueC.falseD.impossible【小题12】A.will beB.isC.willD.to be【小题13】A.littleB.someC.anyD.no【小题14】A.thoughtB.checkedC.carriedD.done【小题15】A.to ask forB.formingC.to buildD.beginning阅读理解It’s necessary to discover what you are good at or not and what you like or dislike.Many students would be unhappy if they f________【小题1】 in a very difficult physics course, but in fact they have known a lot aboutt_________【小题2】 They realize that they should not become engineers or p___________【小题3】scientists in the future. So falling can help a student to live a happier life if he or she draws something out of it. They may then decide on their aim and c__________【小题4】 the kind of work that they would be fit for and they would like to do.You can’t be sure whether you like something u_________【小题5】 you have tried it. If you make a d_________【小题6】 that you would like to play the violin, you need to take more music classes b________【小题7】you know if you are really interested in it.It is not e________【小题8】 to hope to be a violinist. Youalso have to stand the hard practice before you become one. If you would enjoy being a great violinist, but hate the hard and b_________【小题9】 work, just give it up.It’s a good plan to try as many ideas as possible when you are still young. And then you will be able to find o_________【小题10】what your true interests are.How do students spend their spare time after finishing their homework? Watch TV, play computer games, or go outside to relax? Here’s a good example.Tim and Kerry Meek are both teachers. They live in the UK with their two daughters: eleven-year-old Amy and nine-year-old Ella. Recently, the Meek family has become the focus of the whole countryafter they completed 100 different outdoor activities in one year.The Meek couple didn’t want their children to spend all their free time in front of the TV and become “couch potatoes”. So about one year ago, the Meeks decided that watching TV and playing computer games were not permitted . Instead, they set 100 tasks for the two girls to do outside. Although Mr. and Mrs. Meek are not outdoor activity fans, they took part in all the activities to encourage their daughters. It turns out that the two sisters really had a good time joining activities.Every holiday and weekend, whether it’s sunny, rainy or snowy, the Meeks’ would set off to try the activi ties on their list, including hiking, sailing, climbing , skiing, and so on. The two little girls not only had a wonderful time, but also learned a lot of skills from the activities. They were even able to stand up in front of their school to give a talk f or charity. “Our friends spend a lot of their free time doing things which are harmful to their health. Luckily, we’ve had the chance to experience something different.” Amy and Ella also helpedtheir parents to draw up a new list of challenges for the next 12 months.【小题1】请用中文出现的词语将下列句子补充完整，使句子意思连贯。

2017年山东省烟台市中考物理试卷参考答案一、选择题1．C．2．B．3．A．4．B．5．B．6．C7．A．8．C．9．B．10．D．11．C．12．C．13．C．14．A．15．C．二、填空题16．核能的释放有核裂变和核聚变两种方式，太阳能的产生是通过核聚变方式．17．往车上装重物时，常常用长木板搭个斜面，把重物沿斜面推上去，如图所示，工人用3m长的斜面，把120kg的重物提高1m，假设斜面很光滑，则需要施加的推力为400N，若实际用力为500N，斜面的机械效率为80%，重物受到的摩擦力为100N．（g取10N/kg）．18．甲、乙两只电炉标有“220V 500W”和“220V 1000W”字样，把它们串联在220V的电路中．在相同时间内产生热量较多的是甲，将它们并联在电路中，产生热量较多的是乙（选填“甲”或“乙”）．串联时甲电炉消耗的电功率与并联时甲电炉消耗的电功率之比为111：250．19．小明在探究“物质的放热能力与哪些因素有关”时，分别用质量均0.5kg的水和另一种液体进行对比实验，并用图象对实验数据进行了处理，如图所示，实验过程中，水和另一种液体在相同时间内放出的热量相等，分析图象可以得出：甲（选填“甲”或“乙”）物质为水，另一种液体的比热容为 2.1×103J/（kg•℃），这种液体在0～15min内放出的热量为 4.2×104J．20．各种形式的能在一定的条件下可以相互转化，请你仿照图中给出的两个示例，写出电能转化为机械能、化学能转化为电能、光能转化为内能的实例．【解答】答：电风扇在工作过程中消耗电能，转化为机械能；干电池使用过程中消耗化学能，得到电能；太阳能热水器工作过程中将光能转化为内能．三、作图简答题21．【解答】解：由图知，吊车起吊货物时，O是支点，撑杆施加的是动力F1，方向与吊臂垂直；货物施加的是阻力F2，方向竖直向下；从支点到阻力作用线的垂线段是阻力臂L2．如图所示：．22．【解答】解：（1）根据文中的关键字句可知光散射遵循的规律：光散射的强度与光波波长有关，波长越短，被散射出去的能量越多，穿过的能量越少；（2）我们能够看到大海是因为海水反射的光的进入我们的眼睛，射向水面的太阳光中波长较短的蓝光和紫光遇到较纯净的海水分子时就会发生强烈的散射和反射，于是人们所见到的海洋就呈现一片蔚蓝色或深蓝色了．四、实验探究题23．【解答】解：（1）①表中有用功W有用=Gh和总功W总=Fs的计算值都是错误的，原因在于计算时，物体上升的高度和测力计通过的距离均以cm为单位，在计算时没有换算成国际单位m；②在研究滑轮组机械效率与物体的重力关系时，应改变提升的物体重力大小，由表中数据可知，小明和小红没有改变提升物体的重力大小，故无法得出机械效率大小与提升物体重力的关系；（2）研究滑轮组机械效率与所提升物体高度的关系时，要控制物体的重力相同，为使结论具有普遍性，应换用不同的滑轮组多次实验；原实验只使用了一个滑轮组做了实验；研究滑轮组机械效率与所提升物体重力的关系时，应改变物体的重力大小，使用不同的滑轮组做实验，而原实验没有改变物体的重力用只使用了同一滑轮组做实验．故答案为：（1）有用功和总功计算错误；在研究滑轮组机械效率与物体的重力关系时，小明和小红没有改变提升物体的重力大小；（2）研究滑轮组机械效率与所提升物体高度的关系时，原实验只使用了一个滑轮组做了实验；研究滑轮组机械效率与所提升物体重力的关系时，原实验没有改变物体的重力且只使用了同一滑轮组做实验．24．【解答】答：（1）用酒精灯对烧杯直接加热过程中，在烧杯中会看到紫红色的碘蒸气；（2）采用的方法是将碘颗粒放在烧瓶中，将烧瓶浸没在正在加热的热水中观察碘状态的变化．烧杯中水的温度最高为100℃，碘达不到熔点，不会发生熔化现象，碘一直处于固态，出现的碘蒸气只能是固态直接变成的，能更好地说明碘的升华．25．【解答】解：（1）依照小红连接的电路中，两电阻串联，电压表测待测电阻的电压，电流表测电路中的电流，闭合开关，滑动变阻器的滑片向左端移动，变阻器连入电路中的电阻变小，根据电阻的串联，总电阻变小，由欧姆定律，电路中电流变大，即电流表示数变大；根据I=有U=IR，定值电阻即电压表示数变大；（2）原电路中，电压表测电源电压是错误的，应与测待测电阻并联，改正后如下所示：（3）电路改接正确后，调节滑动变阻器的滑片到某位置时，电压表和电流表的示数如图丙、丁所示，图中电表均选用小量程，分度值为分别为0.1V和0.02A，示数分别为1.8VT 0.24A，由欧姆定律，此时被测出R x的阻值为：R==7.5Ω．故答案为：（1）电流表示数变大；电压表示数变大；（2）如上所示；（3）R x的阻值为7.5Ω．五、计算题26．【解答】解：（1）由题意可知，“最终接头”下沉到位后下表面的深度h=30m，则下表面所受水的压强：p=ρ海水gh下=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×30m=3×105Pa；（2）“最终接头”的重力：G=mg=6.0×106kg×10N/kg=6.0×107N，“最终接头”受到的浮力：F浮=G﹣F=6.0×107N﹣2.0×107N=4×107N，因物体浸没时排开液体的体积和自身的体积相等，所以，“最终接头”的体积：V=V排===4×103m3，“最终接头”的平均密度：ρ===1.5×103kg/m3；（3）吊装起重机对“最终接头”做的有用功：W有=Gh=6.0×107N×30m=1.8×109J，由η=×100%可得，总功：W总===2.25×109J，“最终接头”从开始入水到下沉到位的时间：t=12：00﹣9：12=2h48min=3.456×105s，吊装起重机最大输出功率：P==≈6510.1W．答：（1）“最终接头”下沉到位后下表面所受水的压强为3×105Pa；（2）“最终接头”的平均密度为1.5×103kg/m3；（3）吊装起重机最大输出功率为6510.1W．27．【解答】解：（1）采用高压输电时，输送功率不变，由P=UI可得提高输电电压前后导线上的电流：I1 ===600A，I2===200A，每米输电导线的电阻为1.8×10﹣3Ω，电站与用户间距离为10km，输电电线有两根，所以电站与用户间输电导线的电阻：R=1.8×10﹣3Ω/m×10×103m×2=36Ω，由P=I2R可得输电线上减少的电功率：△P=P1﹣P2=I12 R﹣I22R=2×36Ω﹣2×36Ω=1.152×107W；（2）由I=可得，短路的位置与电站间导线的电阻：R′===6Ω，短路的位置与电站间导线的长度：L==×103m，则短路位置离电站的距离：s=L=××103m≈1.67×103m；（3）由题可知，小鸟与两脚间的输电线并联，10﹣3Ω/m×5×10﹣2m=9×10﹣5Ω，长5cm输电线的电阻：R线′=1.8×并联电路中各支路两端的电压相等，由1小题可知提高输电电压后的电流I=200A，由I=可得：U鸟=U线′=IR线′=200A×9×10﹣5Ω=1.8×10﹣2V，通过小鸟的电流：I鸟===1.8×10﹣6A=1.8μA，由此可知，通过小鸟的电流很小，所以小鸟不会触电死亡．小鸟两脚间的导线与小鸟是并联的，干路电流为200A，计算时小鸟两脚间导线上的电流取值近似等于干路中的电流．答：（1）输电线路损耗的电功率减少了1.152×107W；（2）短路的位置离电站的距离为1.67×103m；（3）通过小鸟的电流很小，所以小鸟不会触电死亡；计算时小鸟两脚间导线上的电流取值近似等于干路中的电流．。

烟台市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1．阅读理解I will never forget the lesson about my window. Four years ago, I moved to a house in a large town. One of my new neighbors' house was only a few feet away from mine. There lived a woman. Through one of my windows, I could see her reading by her window every afternoonSeveral months later, I found I couldn't see the woman clearly. I thought her window was too dirty. I said to myself, 'Why doesn't she clean her window? It looks terrible!One afternoon, I decided to clean my house including(包括) the window. I felt tired after three hours of hard work. So I sat down by the window for a rest. What a surprise! I could see the woman reading there clearly again! By that time, I realized that my own window was too dirty, not hers! I really felt ashamed for myself. I had been watching her through my dirty window in the past days!The experience is very important for me. So I try to clean the window of my heart before judging(评判) others,（1）How long has the writer lived in the house?A. Two years.B. Three years.C. Four years.D. Five years.（2）The writer couldn't see the woman clearly because_______.A. the writer's window was dirtyB. the woman's house was too farC. the woman didn't open her windowD. the woman's window was dirty（3）It took the writer_______ to clean the house that afternoonA. two hoursB. three quartersC. the whole afternoonD. three hours （4）The underlined word 'ashamed' means_______.A. 高兴的B. 放松的C. 羞愧的D. 激动的（5）According to the passage, the writer has learnt how to_______.A. clean the houseB. judge othersC. help neighborsD. watch others【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C（5）B【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了作者搬家后的亲身经历，他没有清理自己的窗户，却认为别人的窗户不干净，所以对自己的行为感到很羞愧。

山东省烟台市中考英语试题本试卷分第1卷和第II卷两部分。

考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

第1卷（共95分）一、听力测试（30分）1. A. Yes, that's it. B. Sure, you are here. C. Sorry, Pm using it.2. A. Jack is going to climb the hill this afternoon.B. Thafs a good idea..C. Good luck to you.3. A. I am sorry to hear that, is it serious?B.He plays basketball so well.C.Why not?4. A. Internet can help us a lot. B. Twice a week. C. Not often.5. A. Because I missed the bus. B. Because I got up very early. C. Because I can't drive. （二）听句子，选择与画一致的选项。

C.C.O（三） 听对话，选择正确答案。

11. A. She lost her maths books. B. She looked happy.12. A. It's cloudy. B. Ifs rainy.13. A. America. B. England. 14. A. Twelve.B. Fifteen.15. A. She wanted to move the man's bag. C. She wanted to take a seat. （四） 听短文，选择正确答案。

16. Mr Brown likes buying A. clocks .17. Mr Brown has got A. 3 000 B. 30018. Does Mrs Brown have the same hobby as Mr Brown?A. No, she doesn'tB. Yes, she doesC. We don't know19. Which of the following is right?. A. Mr Brown cleans the clocks every day B. Mr Brown repairs the clocks every dayC. The clocks are cleaned by Mrs Brown every day 20. Whafs Mrs Brown's trouble?. A. She can't do the cleaning wellB. She doesn't know the exact time at allC. The clocks make noise only at night, so she can't sleep well 二、单项填空（20分）从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。

ft东省烟台市初中毕业、升学考试英语考试时间1，满分150 分。

一、听力测试（A 卷（满分100 分）第Ⅰ部分（选择题，满分75 分）（一）根据所听到的句子选出与其内容一致的选项。

（5 分）1．A. We go to school on Monday.B. We go to school on Friday.C. We go to school on Weekdays.2．A. The computer can’t give us much help.B. We can do lots of things with the help of the computer.C. We can’t live without the computer.（二）根据所听到的句子内容，选择正确的应答语。

（5 分）6．A. Look, I’ve bought a new watch.B. Oh, it’s still early.C. It’s a quarter to nine.7．A. That’s a good idea. Let’s make a plan for the journey.B. What do you think of it?C. The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.8．A. It was all right.B. It was cloudy.C. It was dark.9．A. It doesn’t matter.B. Don’t be so serious.C. I’m sorry. I got up late again.10．A. Last week.B. In the library.C. Very interesting.（三）根据所听到的对话内容，选择正确的选项。

11．A. My birthday.B. Thursday.C. Friday.12．A. In the super market.B. In the classroom.C. In the cinema.13．A. She watched a table tennis match.B. She played table tennis.C. She saw a film.14．A. She is reading.B. She is writing.C. She is drawing.15．A. The report on the radio.B. The war on Iraq（伊拉克）.C. The life of the president of Iraq.（四）根据所听到的短文内容，选择正确的选项。