if的虚拟语气倒装

虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。

2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。

难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。

例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。

If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。

二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。

同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。

2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。

If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we could change our plan.
如果明天下雪，我们会改变计划。
将来
二、虚拟语气的倒装形式
1)If it had not been for your help,we would never have been able to get out of trouble. → Had it not been for your help,we would never have been able to get out of trouble. 2)If it should snow tomorrow,we would put off our trip. → Should it snow tomorrow,we would put off our trip. 3)If I were you,I would buy that car. → Were I you,I would buy that car.
他立刻去老师的办公室很有必要。
增：
现在的事实 If it were not for the fact that you are ill,I would ask you to do this right now.
如果不是你病了，我会让你立刻做这件事。
If he had followed my advice,he wouldn’t 过去 have lost his job.
如果他听了我建议，他不会失去他的 工作。
情况3：与将来事实相反
If sb. did/were to do/should do …,sb. would/could/might do.

虚拟语气二、 倒装虚拟句去掉if ，将had, were, should 提至句首 三、 含蓄虚拟句with/without/but for + 名词/代词， 现在：would dobut (that) + 真实句， +虚拟句 （过去：would have done ） 真实句，otherwise/or 将来：would do 四、 混合虚拟句条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致Exercises:1. Goerge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _____ more on its culture. (2010江苏)A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused2. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn’t allowD. couldn’t allow3. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. (2006全国)A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD.happened4. It’s about time we _____ to the theater.A. will goB. shall goC. are goingD. went5. If only I _____ my money and ID card.A. hadn’t lostB. haven’t lostC. didn’t loseD. don’t lose6. It is stange that he _____ so.A. would sayB. talkC. should sayD. will speak7. – It was a pity that you did not finish the whole task well.-- Given more time, I _____ much better.A. can doB. would doC. could have doneD. had done8. If he _____ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. (2010湖南)A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow9. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _____.(2010浙江)A.would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved10. But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建)A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won11. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _____ it without you. (2008山东)A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed12. They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (2007山东)A.had gotB. gotC. have gotD. getWith your help, we might finish the plan earlier.Without music, the world would be a dull(枯燥的) place.But for your advice, I would have failed.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.I would have help you, but I was busy then.If he had not stayed up last night, he would not be so sleepy now.If they had studied hard, they could do it more easily now.I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly.I wish I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.He looks as if he were an African.He talked as if he had been to America.If only I were a rich man！If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam!I would rather we stopped now.I would rather she hadn’t done that yesterday.1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.2. It is strange that she (should) refuse to come to the party.3. It’s a pity that he (should) have missed the lecture.It’s high time that you went. .It’s high time that you should go.(1)We suggest that he (should) give less money to his child.(2)It is suggested that he (should) give less money to his child.(3)Our suggestion is that he (should) give less money to his child..要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成计划。

虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）,主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”；若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（were to +动词原形，should+动词原形）”，主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。

若把从句中were, should 或had移到句首，可省略从句的连词 if 并使用倒装语序.① If my lawyer ___here last Saturday ,he ____me from going.(NMET’89)A. had been ;would have preventedB. had been ; would preventC. were ;would preventD. were;would have prevented②---If he ____,he ____that food.--Luckily he was sent to the hospital imme diately.(MET’93)A. was warned ;would not takeB. had been warned ;would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken③I didn’t see your sister at the meeting .If she ___,she would have met my brother.(NMET’94)A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come④____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(1994,上海)A. WereB. shouldC. WouldD. Will2．考查通过上下文或介词短语表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气的用法在英语中，有时假设的条件不是通过if 条件句表达出来，而是通过上下文或without, but for 等介词构成的短语表达，其谓形式要根据所假设的时间，与if 从句所表达的时间对应，确定主句谓语形式。