倒装和虚拟语气

虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。

2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。

难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。

例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。

If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。

二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。

同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。

2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。

一.全倒装（主语与谓语位置置换）1 作状语的否定副词或介词短语置于句首谓语动词不及物主语是名词（here, there ,away ,out ,down ,in the box , on the ground)2 表语或者进行时的分词部分置于句首buried in the sand was an ancient temple.Growing on the hillside are various flowers.Among the people was the young woman.二. 部分倒装（助动词系动词或情态动词置于主语前）1. 否定副词置于句首（never ,seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly, nowhere, few,little,)2. 含有no的短语置于句首（in no way, on no condition, at no time, by no means, under no circumstances, no longer) 不包括 in no time3. Not until + 状语（包括从句）置于句首引起主句或主体倒装4. only+ 状语（包括从句）置于句首5. so /such....that 结构中 so/such 短语置于句首So cold was the weather that we had to stayat home6. So + 助/系/情+主语（neither/nor)表人云亦云7. not only.... (倒装）but also8. no sooner... than Hardly... when9. 非真是条件句省略if 从句倒装10. as/ though 非主流的部分倒装（与事实相反的假设表达对未来的美好愿望或者过去的遗憾体现说话人的态度和情绪情感是人类语言复杂含义的表达应用普遍有深意和难度和难度需要有语境和场合）一. 用时态体现的虚拟原则：对现在时间虚拟—-对过去时间虚拟—-对一般将来时间虚拟—-范围范例：1. wish +宾从2. would rather3. as if二 . 用情态动词体现的虚拟should1 . 1 坚持2 命令3 建议4 要求 +宾从（should +动词原形）2. 第一条里的动词的名词或形容词出现在句中相关的名词性从句也一样虚拟3. it is necessary/ important/ strange/ no wonder... that （should ）+do4. it is（about/ high）time （that） should do 或者 did其他情态动词对现在对过去should（not）could（not）mightwould（not）needn't三 . 非真是条件句的虚拟从句（用时态）主句（用情态动词）对现在对过去对将来主从句的时间不一致（）*隐形虚拟withoutbut forif onlyotherwise。

一、主句和从句主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。

如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。

这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。

二：关于虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。

其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。

例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。

(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。

(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。

(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

English Grammar 倒装句定义：自然语序：主语在前，谓语在后。

倒装语序：谓语全部或部分在前，主语在后。

分类：完全倒装：整个谓语置于主语前面。

部分倒装：谓语的部分在主语的前面 （1 助动词 do，2 情态动词，3 be 动词，4 have/has）具体介绍：完 全倒装①There be 句型 Eg:There is no room left for even one more of you.②疑问句 Eg: Is breakfast ready yet?③直接引语 Eg:"Can you give me a hand?"said he. ④表祝愿 Eg:May all of you succeed in the coming examination! Eg:May the friendship between the peoples of our countries develop! ⑤表示方向、地点、时间的词位于句首（★）： in,out,down,up,off,back,away,over there,there,now,then,here,first Eg:Then followed a shot of gun. Eg:Out rushed the children.★TIPS TIPS(here ,there 倒装，主语是人称代词则是部分倒装) Eg:Here comes your husband. There goes the bell. Eg:Here you are. There he comes.⑥表示方向地点时间的介词短语位于句首（★）： Eg:Through the window came in the sweet music. Eg:By his side stood a little boy. ⑦表语长，使句子平衡，尤其是主语带有较长的修饰语时（★） Eg:Ahead sat the old man who told us the stories about the Long March(长征). Eg:Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way. ⑧用于省略 though/although 的让步状从，提 as（★★★） Eg:Although he was poor ,he was honest. →Poor as he was,he was honest. (adj./n./adv./v.)+as+主+be 动词★TIPS TIPSEg:Although he is a child,he knows a lot about history. →Child as he is,he knows a lot about history. 在这样类型的倒装中，名次前省略冠词，最高级前省略 the Eg:Oldest as he is,he doesn't do well in studies.部 分倒装①否定性质的词或者结构置于句首时（★★） Not,little,hardly,never,no sooner…than…,hardly …when…,not only…but(also)，not only…but…as well,at no time,by no means,under no condition,in no case,nowhere,seldom,few,never before,barely(几乎不),scarely Eg:Never shall i forget it. By no means will this method be satisfactory. Hardly had i picked up the phone when he hung up(挂断). Eg:He didn't receive a letter until a week later →Not until a week later did he receive a letter. ②Only 位于句首（★★★） Eg:Only by working hard can we succeed. (介词短语) Eg:Only then did i realized that i was wrong. （adv.副词） Eg:Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home. （从句）③So(such)…that…置于句首（★）Eg:So angry was he that he couldn't speak . Eg:Such a boy is he that we all love him. ④方式状语，频度状语置于句首（★） often,always,once,many a time,now and then(不时的),every other day(每隔一天) Eg:Often did i spoke of him before. Always does he ask me for money. Eg:Long did we wait before we heard from him. ⑤“也”与上文内容相符的人或事（★★） Eg:——We saw the film last week. ——So did they. Eg:——I have never been aboard. ——Neither/Nor has him.★TIPS TIPS表示对于上文所诉的简单重复肯定时，不倒装！ Eg:——Oh,I forget to lock the door ——So you did. ⑥句首省略 If 的虚拟条件句中，句中含有 should,had,were（★★★） Eg:If i were your father,i would give you the money. →Were i your father,i would give you the money.Eg:If it should rain,the crop would grow better. →Should it rain,the crop would grow better. Eg:If he should come tomorrow,i would tell you. →Should he come tomorrow,i would tell you.虚拟语气条件句 与现在相反 If+S+V-ed(be→were) (过去时) S+ 主句 would should could might Eg:If i had time today,i would go with you. 与过去相反 If+S+had done （过去完成时） S+ should Would +have done could might Eg:If i had had time yesterday,i would have gone with you. If i had followed your advice,i wouldn't have maken such a +V(原形)mistake. 与将来相反 V-ed If+S+ should do Were to do S+ Would should Could might +V(原形)Eg:If i were to see him tomorrow,i would very happy.★TIPS: TIPS:1 在虚拟语气中，be 的形式各人称都用 were。

语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用语法虚拟语气与倒装句在英语中都是比较常见的语法现象，它们在句子结构和语法意义上都有一定的特点和用法。

本文将着重论述虚拟语气与倒装句的使用方法和相关注意事项。

一、虚拟语气的使用方法1. 条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气通常用于表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。

常见的条件句有三种类型：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，以及与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。

a) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：If I were you, I would apologize.（如果我是你，我会道歉。

）b) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学习得更努力，我就能通过考试。

）c) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。

）2. 虚拟语气在建议、要求和命令中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议、要求和命令等语气中，表示一种虚拟或非现实的情况。

常用的动词有recommend, suggest, insist等。

I suggest that he go to the doctor immediately.（我建议他立即去看医生。

）3. 虚拟语气在表达愿望和建议中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望、希望和建议等语气中，通常使用“（should）+动词原形”来表达。

I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望有更多时间去旅行。

）二、倒装句的使用方法倒装句指的是将句子中的主语和谓语动词调换位置，主要有两种类型：完全倒装和部分倒装。

1. 完全倒装完全倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语之前，通常在以下情况下使用：a) 表示地点、时间或方式的状语置于句首时：On the wall hung a beautiful painting.（墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。

倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装是一种语法现象，指的是将谓语动词或助动词提到主语之前的语法结构。

倒装有两种形式：完全倒装和部分倒装。

完全倒装：谓语动词或助动词完全移到主语之前。

例如：1. Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got the highest score.（不仅他通过了考试，而且他还得了最高分。

）2. Little did I know that he was planning a surprise party for me. （我完全不知道他正在为我计划一个惊喜派对。

）部分倒装：只有谓语的一部分移到主语之前，其他部分仍然保持在其原来的位置。

例如：1. Is she a doctor? （她是医生吗？）2. Had I known about the event, I would have attended.（如果我知道这个事件，我会参加的。

）1.突出表达：倒装可以强调句子中的一些成分，通常是主语、状语或谓语。

通过将这些成分提前来突出它们的重要性。

例如：Normal sentence: She passed the exam.Inverted sentence: Passed the exam, she did.2.句子平衡：倒装可以使句子更加平衡，尤其是在使用连词，暗示条件或选择时。

例如：Normal sentence: He not only plays the piano, but also the guitar.Inverted sentence: Not only does he play the piano, but also the guitar.虚拟的用法：虚拟语气是用来表达非现实状态或假设情况的语法结构。

它由虚拟动词（如should, would, could等）引导。

虚拟语气常常用于条件句、建议、愿望、命令等。

例如：1. If I were you, I would go to the party.（如果我是你，我会去参加派对。

倒装句与虚拟语气了解倒装句和虚拟语气的相互关系和使用场景倒装句与虚拟语气：了解倒装句和虚拟语气的相互关系和使用场景在汉语和许多其他语言中，句子的基本结构是主语+谓语+宾语。

然而，在英语中，我们有许多变化句子结构的方法，其中一种是倒装句。

倒装句是将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，以达到强调、修辞或句子结构平衡的目的。

虚拟语气是一种用于表达假设、愿望、建议或命令的一种语法结构。

与陈述句不同，虚拟语气在现实场景中不能实现，因此需要使用特定的动词形式来表示虚拟状态。

倒装句和虚拟语气之间具有密切的联系，因为在某些情况下，倒装句可以用来表示虚拟语气。

接下来，我们将探讨这两个概念的相互关系以及它们的使用场景。

一、倒装句的用途1. 强调句子成分倒装句在句子成分之间实现了一种颠倒的顺序，从而使句子中的特定成分更加突出。

举个例子：- "Not only does he enjoy playing basketball, but he also loves to watch the games."（他不仅喜欢打篮球，而且也热爱观看比赛。

）在这个例子中，倒装句"Not only does he"将主语"he"和谓语"enjoy playing basketball"的顺序颠倒，从而在句子中强调了主语。

2. 条件句中的倒装在条件句（if-clause）中，倒装句可以用来表达可能性、假设或很强的愿望。

例如：- "Had I known about the party, I would have attended."（如果我早知道宴会的事，我就会去参加了。

）这个例子中的倒装句"Had I known"以及后面的虚拟语气结构"would have attended"表达了与现实情况相反的假设。

高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。

初三语法讲解情态动词倒装和虚拟语气的用法详解情态动词和倒装结构情态动词是一类特殊的助动词，用于表示说话人的意愿、能力、推测等情态。

常见的情态动词包括can，could，may，might，shall，should，will，would，must等。

在某些情况下，情态动词与主语之间可以发生倒装，以强调主语、表示感叹或表示紧迫性。

1. 情态动词加入倒装情态动词的倒装结构通常由情态动词+主语构成，主谓倒装。

这种结构常用于以下几个情境：a) 表示强调和感叹例如：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset. 我从未见过这样美丽的日落。

How brave he is! 他真勇敢！b) 表示建议或命令例如：May you have a pleasant journey! 祝你旅途愉快！Should you need any assistance, please contact us. 如需帮助，请联系我们。

c) 表示条件例如：Were he here, he would help us. 如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。

2. 情态动词与not一起的倒装当情态动词与not连用时，可以将not置于句首，构成动词的倒装结构。

这种结构常用于祈使句或表示强调的句子中。

常见的结构有：a) Shall not例如：Shall you not tell her the truth? 你难道不应该告诉她实情吗？b) Will not例如：Will you not accompany me to the party? 你难道不会陪我去参加聚会吗？c) Can not例如：Can you not see the sign? 你难道没有看到标志吗？虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是表示与事实相反、假设或愿望等非真实情况的一种语气。

在英语中，虚拟语气主要通过动词的形态和从句结构来表达。

1. 虚拟语气的形态a) 过去时当表示与现在或将来相反的非真实情况时，常用虚拟语气的过去时态。

倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句式结构，其特点是谓语动词在主语之前出现，或者在句首倒装。

倒装句常用于强调句子中的一些成分，使语气更加强烈，也可以用于修辞或情感的表达。

倒装句的运用可以使句子更加生动，具有一定的修辞效果。

倒装句的作用如下：1.强调句子中的一些成分：通过将谓语动词放在主语之前，可以突出句子中的其中一成分，使其更加突出。

例如：- "On the chair were my keys."（我的钥匙在椅子上。

）- "Not a word did he say."（他一句话也没说。

）2.改变语气及情感的表达：倒装句能够使句子语气更强烈、更有力，表达出说话人的情感、态度或命令。

例如：- "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset."（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。

）- "Only after he left did I realize how much I loved him."（他离开后，我才意识到我有多爱他。

）3.减少重复：倒装句可以减少句子中重复的部分，使句子更简洁、更流畅。

例如：- "In the garden stood a tall oak tree and a small maple tree."（花园里站着一棵高高的橡树和一棵小小的枫树。

）虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法形式，用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等不真实的情况。

虚拟语气的用法如下：1.表达假设：虚拟语气经常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况。

例如：- "If I were you, I would apologize."（如果我是你，我会道歉。

）（事实上，我并不是你。

）- "I wish I had studied harder for the exam."（我希望我当初考试时学得更努力。

英语虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟条件句。

名词性虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理1、条件从句与现在事实不一致如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意：If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command，三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

四级语法辅导倒装㈠．英语句子的语序英语句子通常有两种语序。

一种是主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序（Natural order）.大部分的句子都采用自然语序。

另一种则相反，谓语在前，主语在后，称为倒装语序（Inverted order）.倒装语序又分为两类：1．全部倒装（Whole Inversion）:指包括表语或状语在内的整个谓语放在主语之前，它的语序是：表语或状语+谓语动词+主语。

2．部分倒装（Partial Inversion）指谓语中的一部分，如助动词do,does,did,情态动词can,may,should,ought to,must 等，“有”动词have, 系动词be等放在主语之前，其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语之后。

㈡．分类与应用1．疑问倒装英语的疑问句一般采用倒装。

e.g. Has he left me a book?注：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，句子不必倒装。

e.g. What makes him think so?2.惊叹倒装在由what和how引起的感叹句中，表语常常放在主语之前；在旧式文学体裁的陈述句中常出现主谓部分倒装表示惊叹：在美国英语中，有时用疑问句的倒装形式表示感叹。

如：e.g. What a wide river it is!Did he look annoyed!3.假设倒装在非真实条件句中，如if被省略,had,were,should需与主语倒装。

如：Had you(=If you had) asked me, I would have told you the answer.( 与过去事实相反) 4．副词倒装⑴．全部倒装a. here, there, now, then 置于句首而主语不是人称代词时。

e.g. Then came a girl.比较：Then she came.b. 小品词（如out,in,away,off等）或拟声词置于句首时。

e.g. In came the girls talking and laughing.⑵.部分倒装a. 方式副词或often, many a time频度副词置于句首时。

虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。

例如：Long live the People ⨯s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。

2） 与过去事实相反例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn ⨯t/wouldn ⨯t have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

3） 与将来事实可能相反例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。

（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。

）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4） i f 的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen May you 祝你you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊句式，用来表达非事实、假设、愿望等情况。

虚拟语气通常与条件句或从句连用，可以用于表达建议、命令、愿望、假设等多种情况。

与虚拟语气相关的一个用法是倒装句，它在语法结构上具有一些特殊的规则。

本文将介绍英语语法中虚拟语气和倒装句的使用。

一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反的假设或条件。

常见的虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与过去事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与将来事实相反的假设（用一般过去时表示）等。

例如：- If I were you, I would invite him to the party.（与现在事实相反的假设）- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（与过去事实相反的假设）- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（与将来事实相反的假设）2. 虚拟命令、建议和要求虚拟命令、建议和要求用于表达愿望、建议或要求。

常用动词有advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request等。

例如：- I recommend that he study more.（我建议他多学习。

）- The teacher insisted that the students finish their homework.（老师坚持要求学生完成作业。

）3. 虚拟愿望虚拟愿望用于表达对于现在情况的不满或对于将来情况的期望。

通常使用“希望”（wish）来引导宾语从句。

例如：- I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。

）- I wish it would stop raining.（我希望停止下雨。

）二、倒装句倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构，它的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。

语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。

虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。

虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。

句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。

英语语法中的倒装句和虚拟语气英语是一门语法非常严密的语言，其中倒装句和虚拟语气是比较有代表性的两种语法现象。

它们的运用非常灵活，不但能够丰富语言表达的层次，还能够措辞优美、言简意赅。

下面我们就来探讨一下这两种语法现象的用法与特点。

倒装句所谓倒装句，指的是在语句中将主语和谓语的位置颠倒的现象。

具体来说，有三种情况：1.整个谓语做倒装。

例如：Never had I seen such a beautiful view before.（我以前从没看过这么美的风景。

）Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.（只有通过努力工作，我们才能实现我们的目标。

）注意，这种倒装通常用于强调句子中的某一部分，比如"never"和"only"这样的副词。

在平常的口语和写作中，这种用法并不常见。

2.助动词和主语的位置互换。

例如：Are you going to the party tonight? -> Are you not going to theparty tonight?He has finished the report. -> Has he finished the report?这种倒装在否定句和疑问句中比较常见。

3.只有谓语的一部分做倒装。

例如：Up the hill walked the little girl.（小女孩沿着山坡走了。

）In the garden sat the old man.（老人坐在花园里。

）这种倒装通常在口语和文学作品中出现，英语中很多歌曲和诗歌也会使用这种语法结构。

总体来说，倒装结构让英语句子的语序独特，增加了句子的语言美感和表达效果。

虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语语法中非常重要的一个概念。

虚拟语气主要用来表达一些虚构的假设或者反事实情况，比如愿望、建议、命令、条件句等等。

虚拟语气英语中的各种语气：1、陈述语气：I like apples我喜欢苹果;I don't like apples2、疑问语气：What's your nameDo you like apples3、祈使语气：Open the door4、虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她;1、与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形例如；If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner.如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净;2、与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时;例如；If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test.如果当时我完成了我的作业,我就能够通过我的考试了;3、与将来的事实相反：主句用：should/could/would/might/+V原形,从句用should do可能性最大,过去式可能性一般were to do可能性最小If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,我将对个雪人虚拟语气的倒装形式If I had worked hard, I would have finished it如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了; Had I worked hard, I would have finished itIf it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanShould it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanIf it were to snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanWere it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法1、I lifted the chair so that I could be seen我举起椅子就是为了能被看见状语从句状语从句中常见连接词：as if好像,as though好像,in order that为了,for fear that生怕,In case万一;2、主语从句：It is +形容词+that+ 主语+should+动词原形,should可以省略It is very important that we should study English every day我们每天学习英语是很重要的;3、宾语从句；I wish I would visit the moon我祝愿自己能有一天拜访月球;宾语从句常见句型：主语+常见动词+that+ 主语+ should+动词原形I suggest that you should do your homework我建议你应该做你的作业;4、表语从句；He looked as if he had been here for many years他看起来好像已经很多年了;5、同位语从句：I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week我提议下周召开一次会议虚拟语气常见词汇：demand,require,proposal,advise,order,suggest虚拟语气的其他用法：6、祝愿：Long live peace和平万岁7、It is hightime that+ 主语+ should/过去式：该做……的时候了;It's time that we had a break我们早该休息了;It's hightime that we should protect ourselves我们是时候保护我们自己了;8、If only引出感叹句,意思是“要是…..多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望;表示现在的情况,应用过去式;表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态表示将来的情况,用would+动词原形If only he didn’t drive so fast.现在Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I had followed your advice.过去If only the rain would stop将来9、Even if/even though表示一种让步语气,即使...也做不成某事;表示现在的情况,应用过去式表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.练习：1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in倒装句为了强调或平衡句子结构,英语中常用倒装;倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装;全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前;部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前;如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did等,并将其置于主语之前;1.以here,there,now,then等地点或时间副词开头的句子,谓语动词是be, come, go, remain 等,而主语又是名词时,用全部倒装;注意：如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Here comes the bus/ Here it comes2.有些动词与副词out,in,up,down,away等构成不及物动词短语;为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装;注意：句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Up went the rocket. / Up it went.3.将表示地点的介词短语放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装;谓语动词常为不及物动词;如：From the window came the sound of music.4.当句子主语部分较长,谓语部分较短,或为了强调句子的表语时,常使用全部倒装;句子的结构为“表语+系动词+主语”;如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5.if虚拟条件状语从句中,如果将连词if省略,需用部分倒装;如：Were I you, I would go there.6. as引导的让步状语从句的倒装有如下几种形式：1 从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首;如：Hard as you try, you will not be satisfied.2 从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首;如：Wait as you may, he will not see you.3 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首;如：Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.4 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前的不定冠词;如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.7.具有半否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装;如：seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等;如：Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons. Hardly did I notice the signal when I caught by police.8.“only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装;如：Only then did I know the importance of English.9.so...that结构中,有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首;如：So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.10. 最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:1only +状语或状语从句置于句首,被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装;Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题;Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误;2 hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only …but also,not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装;Hardly do I know chemistry.= I hardly know chemistry.1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you3. If you don't go, neither ____.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when5. ——Your father is very strict with you.____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see8. ——Here ____ Where is Xiao LiuThere ____.A. comes the bus, is heB. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is9. ____ , I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like itD. As I like it much10. ——I like football. I don't like volleyball.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me。