下载文档原格式
2019-2020年高三下学期开学考试试题英语含答案第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AOne evening last fall, while Marcos Ugarte did his homework and his father, Eduardo, a teacher, prepared lesson plans, they heard yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the balcony of their two-story contemporary home and saw a motion (喧闹) four doors down, outside the home of one of their neighbors, the Ma family. “ I didn’t think anything was wrong,” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” But Marcos’s eye was caught by a flame from the Mas’ house.“Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried. Dressed only in shorts, the barefoot teen rushed towards the Mas’home with his dad. On the front lawn stood the Mas’s families, yelling for help. When they got there, they saw father Alex Ma was walking slowly down the stairs, coughing , his face black with smoke.“Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked.“My son !”Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor.Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke and extreme heat forced him to his knees. So he crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he could find Cody, eight , who had locked himself in a bedroom. “I’d never seen smoke like that,”says Eduardo. “My glasses immediately turned black from the ash.”As the fire was violent across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob (门把手), But Cody didn’t response, and Eduardo made his way back downstairs. At the same time, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling a ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,” says Marcos.“ I knew I had to do something.” Immediately he grasped the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy. When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and succeeded in persuading Cody to e out with him. Holding Cody with one arm , Marcos got down the ladder. Halfway, he handed the boy to a neighbor.When firefighters arrived a few minutes later, plumes of smoke were rising from the back of the house as flames swallowed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital, where he was treated for smoke inhalation (吸入) and released. The cause of the fire is still under investigation.“You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of courage,” says Mark Maunder, Gresham Fire Department battalion chief. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos, “Thank you for saving my son,”Alex said . “You are our hero forever.”1. What occurred to Eduardo when he saw the motion at first?A. They should let it be.B. Something terrible must have happened.C. Someone was in great need of help. C. Someone was making trouble.2. Eduardo failed to take Cody out because ________.A. he crawled down the hall but couldn’t reach the doorknobB. he couldn’t find the door with his glasses black from the ashC. Cody wanted to go out from the windowD. Cody didn’t respond although he knocked hard on the door3. The underlined world “I ”in the last but two paragraph refer to ________.A. EduardoB. YimC. MarcosD. Suzanne4. When the firefighters arrived, ________.A. the cause of the fire had been found outB. the fire had been under controlC. no one was being trapped in the fireD. the Mas were taken to a nearby hospital for treatmentBKnighthorseE-book price: 4.99 USD. Fiction by J. R. Rain on March 2, xxWhen high school student Derrick Booker, the only black student in a posh (豪华的) Orange County high school, is accused of killing his white friend, ex-college football hero and detective Jim Knighthorse is hired to dig a little deeper into the murder. It doesn’t take long for Knighthorse to realize that not all is as it seems at tranquil （平静的）Hunting High School.JoiseE-book price: 5.00 USD. Fiction by Ann Marie Mangion on March 4, xxJoise is a nine-year-old bullied girl. Her parents ignored her. One day the torment（痛苦）went a step too far. Afterwards she met Angel, a 13-year-old angel who helped her overe her bullies. She befriended Amber and Darren as well. However, she was taken to hospital and told that excessive （大量的）bullying led her to schizophrenia（精神分裂症）. She came to terms with it and accepted it thus on her road towards recovery.Robert RideYou set the price! Fiction by Wilson James on February 16, xxBorn in a small town in rural Georgia, Robert is placed in a foster home after being orphaned at five. After too long, he is finally one of the lucky ones. He struggles to make sure his new adoptive mother likes him and wants to keep him in spite of the fact that she really has no idea what to do with a child. Robert desperately tries to figure out how to read her and please her.5.Who is the writer of the story about an orphan?A. Wilson JamesB. J. R. RainC. Ann Marie MangionD. Amber6.We know from Knighthorse that ________.A. A football hero was killed at the high schoolB. Knighthorse was a friend of Derrick Booker’sC. Derrick Booker was probably treated equally at schoolD. Derrick Booker was probably proved innocent at last7.At a price that you think is reasonable, you can buy ________.A. KnighthorseB. JoiseC. Robert RideD. Orange CountyCEach year, we are exposed to ten thousand ads on average. They try to sell us their products by using beautiful art, videos, images or slogans that are catchy. The most famous panies have highly popular logos that can be recognized by almost everybody. For those of you who have seen the movie Finding Forrester, there is a scene where Jamal walks up to some guy with a BMW and asks him what the car logo means. The man does not know the answer and since that day, whenever I see a famous pany logo I try to find the meaning of it.Many think the horse on the Ferrari logo represents the horsepower of the cars they manufacture. The story behind it is far more interesting. During World War Ⅰ, a pilot, Count Francesco Barraca, painted the horse on his airplane to bring him luck. He had it on his plane because it was the logo of his squadron (空军中队). Barraca’s mother then conv inced Enzo Ferrari to put the logo on his racing cars in the early 1930’s to bring good luck to the drivers. The logo then stayed the same ever since. The yellow on the background represents the birthplace of Enzo Ferrari.Starbucks started in 1971, in Seattle. The mermaid (美人鱼) represented on the logo is now known by any coffee drinker. It is a mythological sea creature with the look of a female, the only difference being that they have a tail of a fish. The reason why Starbucks incorporated one in their pany logo is that it was believed mermaids used to sing to sailors in order to make them walk away from their ship or to ground their ships, and tea and coffee were popular merchandise to trade. So the mermaid in the logo of Starbucks is the one that “brings” coffee and tea to the stores.8. The writer became interested in logos of some famous brands after ________.A. he saw a scene in a movieB. he heard about an attractive movieC. he walked up to some guy with a BMWD. he noticed some famous logos9. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. The logo of Starbucks is believed to make the business be tter.B. Hearing mermaids sing, sailors would know the right directi on.C. Mermai is a creature of a male with a tail.D. Starbucks was once a pany trading spices, tea and coffee.10. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that ________.A. Barraca once served in the navyB. Barraca took part in car racingC. Enzo Ferrari liked horses very muchD. Enzo Ferrari owned a car pany11. The underlined word in the last paragraph probably means ________.A. abandonedB. includedC. correctedD. createdDImagine shopping for clothes online and being able to run your hand across the screen on your puter to feel the fabrics. That kind of technology could be available within the next five years.“We are talking about reinventing the way the puters operate and you interact with them as humans,” says IBM Vice President Bernie Meyerson. Extending sense of touch is one of five innovations （创新）that IBM believes will change the world in the next five years, according to the pany’s annual “ five in five list”.Smart machines will also soon be able to listen to the environment and highlight （使……显著）the sounds we care about most. For instance, an advanced s peech recognition system will tell new parents why their baby is crying. “From the sound the baby is creating, that particular frequency in the voice of the child, you know the difference between a child, for instance, who is sick as opposed to a child who is just lonely.”In the near future, personal puters will be able to do more than recognizeimages and visual data. Their built-in cameras will be able to analyze features such as colors, and understand the meaning of visual media, such as knowing how to sort family photos.Smart machines will also be able to smell. If you sneeze on your puter or cell phone, tiny sensors built in the machine will be able to analyze thousands of molecules（分子）in your breath. Then it can tell you whether you need to see a doctor.IBM scientists are also developing a system which can examine and bine flavors to be used by chefs to create recipes. It breaks down ingredients to their molecular level and blends （调和）them to create the most popular flavors and smells.One of the most impressive things about the IBM list, says Georgetown University puter science professor Mark Maloof, is how powerful these tiny, smart devices are being. Maloof hopes the advances will encourage more students to study science, technology, engineering and math, preparing them to play a role in future innovations.12. The author mentions the example of baby’s crying to ________.A.pare whether a child is ill or lonelyB.show various reasons for baby’s cryingC.teach new parents how to raise their childrenD.explain the sound-analyzing of the system13.Which of the following about new technologies is not true?A.They help identify medical conditions.B.They prevent people from getting sick.C.They can sort family photos among media.D.They create the most popular flavors and smell.14.Maloof believes that the IBM list will ________.A.warn students of the dangers of the InternetB.encourage students to invent voice systemC.lead more students to create future inventionsD.advocate students to use puters frequently15.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Future puters Will Extend Our SenseB.Shopping Online in the FutureC.puters Will See and Hear Better in the FutureD.Science Fiction Will Bee a Part of Our Everyday Life第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高2020届高三(下)开学考试英语试题满分150分时间120分钟注意事项：1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分听力理解 (共两节，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man offering to do for the woman?A. Help her check in.B. Carry her suitcases.C. Take her to her room.2. What does the woman think of the man’s office?A. It is messy.B. It is large.C. It is neat.3. Where are the speakers?A. At the office.B. At their house.C. At a restaurant.4. When will the next train for London leave?A. At 8:30.B. At 10:30.C. At 11:30.5. What is the woman doing?A. Taking a photo.B. Painting a picture.C. Waiting in line.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2019-2020上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his handA brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that (21) ______ (allow) 28-year-old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again.Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs, (22) ______ can move his elbows and shoulders. He had a brain implant inserted in 2014 as part of research aiming to restore movement in (23) ______ right arm.The BCI uses the implant (24) ______ (record) brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements, which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles.“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years: he can play [the video game]Guitar Hero, swipe a credit card and do about 20 different hand grips,” says Ganzer.But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands, he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when (25) ______ (grasp) objects, and if blindfolded, was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil.The researchers discovered that (26) ______ Burkhart’s hand cannot feel anything, the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object.They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.As a result, Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone. The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object – a light grasp, for example, for a paper cup.The researchers believe it is the first BCI (27) ______ can simultaneously restore movement and touch.When the brain implant was inserted, it (28) ______ (intend) solely for controlling movement, but the (29) ______ (add) touch is possible because there is some overlap (30) ______ the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart’s brain, says Ganzer.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.AI can distinguish between bots and humans based on Twitter activityArtificial intelligence is being used to spot the difference between human users and fake accounts on Twitter.Emilio Ferrara at the University of Southern California in the US, and his colleagues have trained an AI to detect bots on Twitter based on differences in (31) ______ of activity between real and fake accounts.The team analysed two separate datasets of Twitter users, which had been classified either manually or by a pre-existing algorithm as either bot or human.The manually verified dataset (32) ______ of 8.4 million tweets from 3500 human accounts, and 3.4 million tweets from 5000 bots.The researchers found that human users replied four to five times more often to other tweets than bots did. Real users gradually become more interactive, with the fraction of replies increasing over the course of an hour-long session of Twitter use.The length of tweets by human users also decreased as sessions (33) ______. “The amount of information that is exchanged diminishes,” says Ferrara. He believes that the change may resultfrom a cognitive depletion over time, in which people become less likely to expend mental effort (34) ______ original content.Bots, on the other hand, show no changes in their interactivity or the length of information they tweet over time.The team also analysed the amount of time between any two consecutive(连读的) tweets from a single user. When this (35) ______ is plotted, bots showed spikes for certain time gaps, such as tweeting at 30-minute or 60-minute intervals.The team then combined these (36) ______ to train an existing bot-detection algorithm, called Botometer, on the difference in activity patterns. The AI was (37) ______ more likely to accurately detect to fake accounts than when it was not taking into (38) ______ the timing of posts.The algorithm could be used to (39) ______ other bot-detection tools that analyse the language within posts, says Ferrara.One of the study’s (40) ______ is that the Twitter data the team analysed is from three years ago. In that time, it’s possible that bots have become more human-like in their activity patterns. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was “college colours” day at an elementary school in Altamonte Springs, Florida, on August 30. O ne of Laura Snyder’s fourth-grade students Billy wore an orange T-shirt (41) ______ his favourite school, the University of Tennessee.Billy was so excited to show Snyder his shirt. She was (42) ______ that he took it one step further to make his own label and he drew his own UT logo with pen and paper and (43) ______ it to his shirt.But after lunch, Billy came back to Snyder’s room crying. Some girls at the lunch table next to Billy’s had made fun of the (44) ______ on his shirt. Billy was depressed. Snyd er knew kids can be (45) ______. She was aware that the label was not the fanciest one, but this kid used the resources he had (46) ______ to him to participate in the activity.In an effort to (47) ______ him up, Snyder planned to buy him a University of Tennessee shirt. She asked on the Facebook if anyone out there had any (48) ______ at the university to make it alittle extra special for Billy.What happened next completely (49) ______ her. Her post spread rapidly on Facebook, eventually reaching University of Tennessee fans and then the university itself. The university (50) ______ by sending Billy a package of UT souvenirs for him and his classmates.“I’m not even sure I can put into words his (51) ______. It was so heart-warming,” Snyder wrote in an (52) ______ to her post. “Billy was so amazed at all the goodies in the box. He proudly put on the jersey(运动衫) and one of the many hats in the box. All who saw applauded for him. ”But then things got even better.The university’s official shop (53) ______ on September 5 that it decided to take Billy’s handmade logo and turn it into an actual shirt. And some of the money will be donated to an anti-bullying(反欺凌) organization.“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw (54) ______,” Snyder wrote. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his (55) ______ grew today! Thank you to the UT Nation for that!”Billy’s mother wrote a letter of gratitude that Snyder posted. It sa id, in part, “I can tell you that I spent a lot of my day reading all the kind words in support of my son and I’m touched beyond words,” she wrote.41. A. appreciating B. representing C. admiring D. picturing42. A. reminded B. convinced C. impressed D. satisfied43. A. attached B. wore C. turned D. printed44. A. brand B. sign C. colour D. sample45. A. strange B. stupid C. cruel D. selfish46. A. sustainable B. typical C. available D. convenient47. A. cheer B. trip C. team D. pick48. A. exchange B. contact C. suggestion D. knowledge49. A. froze B. posed C. blinded D. floored50. A. acknowledged B. greeted C. responded D. permitted51. A. reaction B. improvement C. behaviour D. attitude52. A. email B. address C. interview D. update53. A. advertised B. explained C. promised D. announced54. A. changed B. dropped C. ached D. closed55. A. confidence B. expectation C. responsibility D. reputationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, wh ich is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidification, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.56. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The author’s feelings to the ocean.B. Cameron’s movies and remarks.C. The author’s dis coveries under the sea.D. Cameron’s observation and concern.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.B. More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C. Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.D. Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.58. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Decreases.B. Destruction.C. Diseases.D. Discrimination.59. Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?A. To call on people to protect sea animals.B. To compare current situations with the past.C. To explain how serious the ocean problem is.D. To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.BEnjoy an amazing time in Lake Tahoe, CA with the fantastic show, Magic Fusion! This fantastic display features a variety of talented magicians who each take to the stage with their own flare, tricks, and illusions that will have the audiences who witness the show on the edge of their seats.Presented by the amazing Loft Theatre, this show has seen the likes of famous magicians such as Robert Hall and Chipper Lowell. Each evening stars a different magician as well, so you can enjoy a variety of talented performers all on the same stage. It is great for all ages, so you can bring the entire family along to be excited and entertained during this 75-minute performance. You never know what you may see, so do not miss out!The Loft Theatre is Lake Tahoe’s premier place for entertainment and delicious food. Not only is it home to amazing shows that will entertain and thrill, but it is also home to a dining experience that serves up some mouthwatering meals. Before your show, be sure to grab a bite to eat before heading over to enjoy the Loft. It is located in the extremely popular Heavenly Village area of Lake Tahoe next to sparkling fountains and the famous Heavenly Toy Shop. It also features a lounge and guests who arrive early can enjoy food, fun, and magicians who will wow you with tricks for that extra dose of entertainment!For an amazing experience that you will not soon forget, be sure to enjoy this fantastic performance at the Loft Theatre!Enjoy this amazing show that will keep you guessing with tons of great tricks and illusions to keep you and your whole family entertained. You can be on the edge of your seat with this option of regular seating to witness this fantastic show, or experience the Magic Fusion show in the best seats possible. Order your tickets today!60. What can we learn about Magic Fusion?A. It is intended for all the family members.B. The display will last for one and half hours.C. Different performers will be performing together.D. Audiences will be invited onto the stage during the show.61. The Loft Theatre.A. lies in a famous largely populated areaB. is well-known for the surrounding sceneryC. serves food before and after the performanceD. provides those who come early with extra show62. What is true about the arrangement of the performance?A. The performance on Friday finishes earlier.B. The show starts from 9:00 pm every Tuesday.C. There are two performances available every Sunday.D. Regular and VIP seating are offered on different days.CAs we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century, there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether it’s a K-12 or college classroom, it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice.We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors. Theseinstruments, combined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum.Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?”It’s a reasonable quest ion. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers.Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.63. What is important to the learning technology?A. Instruction and revision.B. Comprehension and application.C. Guidance and arrangements.D. Diversity and flexibility.64. According to the passage, what should an educator do?A. Arrange online assignment for students.B. Help students master online technology.C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace.D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool.65. What’s the author’s attitude toward learning technology?A. Critical.B. Unconcerned.C. Wait-and-see.D. Approving.66. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness?B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity?C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms?D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content?Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Internet is the largest library in the history of the world and a great resource for anyone seeking information. (67) ______ In recent years, plagiarism from online sources has become a serious problem, especially among students.Original written work and information are protected by copyright laws. Therefore, when you use information you find while doing research, you should always give credit to the person that produced it. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the original source, or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own. This is a dishonest practice.Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem. (68) ______ There are thousands of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. However, the Internet also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to expose copying. Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because copying and pasting(粘贴) is so easy, it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up source material with their original ideas. While unintended plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still a mistake.(69) ______ Usually, the first step of researching is to g ather information. You’d better keep a computer document named “References” where you can keep useful information you search on the Internet. Copy and paste the material directly from the document. When you print out parts of the article from the document, print the first page of the article. (70) ______ These will help you remember the source of the information. Then print pages that have the information you need. After you finish your assignment, in the same way that you review your work for clarity and mistakes, you need to check that you have matched the quoted information with the correct source. Following these tips, you will avoid mixing up source material with your ideas.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible."It is important for us to understand that the computing platforms of today will not be able to sustain at-scale implementations of AI algorithms on massive datasets," said Thirumalai Venkatesan, one of the authors of a paper published in Applied Physics Reviews, from AIP Publishing."Today's computing is way too energy-intensive to handle big data. We need to rethink our approaches to computation on all levels: materials, devices and architecture that can enable ultralow energy computing."Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost- effective platform, according to Venkatesan. Memristive devices are electronic devices with an inherent memory that are capable of both storing data and performing computation. Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons, the computing units in the brain, they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.Until now, oxides have been the leading candidate as the optimum material for memristors. Different material systems have been proposed but none have been successful so far."Over the last 20 years, there have been several attempts to come up with organic memristors, but none of those have shown any promise," said Sreetosh Goswami, lead author on the paper. "The primary reason behind this failure is their lack of stability, reproducibility and ambiguity in mechanistic understanding. At a device level, we are now able to solve most of these problems,"This new generation of organic memristors is developed based on metal azo complex devices, which are the brainchild of Sreebata Goswami, a professor at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkata and another author on the paper."In thin films, the molecules are so robust and stable that these devices can eventually be the right choice for many wearable and implantable technologies or a body net, because these could be bendable and stretchable," said Sreebata Goswami. A body net is a series of wireless sensors that stick to the skin and track health.The next challenge will be to produce these organic memristors at scale, said Venkatesan."Now we are making individual devices in the laboratory. We need to make circuits for large-scale functional implementation of these devices."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.你可以通过特殊的练习来发展自律，你可以在任何时间和任何地点练习。
2019-2020上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his handA brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that (21) ______ (allow) 28-year-old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again.Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs, (22) ______ can move his elbows and shoulders. He had a brain implant inserted in 2014 as part of research aiming to restore movement in (23) ______ right arm.The BCI uses the implant (24) ______ (record) brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements, which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles.“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years: he can play [the video game] Guitar Hero, swipe a credit card and do about 20 different hand grips,” says Ganzer.1But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands, he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when (25) ______ (grasp) objects, and if blindfolded, was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil.The researchers discovered that (26) ______ Burkhart’s hand cannot feel anything, the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object.They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.As a result, Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone. The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object – a light grasp, for example, for a paper cup.The researchers believe it is the first BCI (27) ______ can simultaneously restore movement and touch.When the brain implant was inserted, it (28) ______ (intend) solely for controlling movement, but the (29) ______ (add) touch is possible because there is some overlap (30) ______ the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart’s brain, says Ganzer.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.AI can distinguish between bots and humans based on Twitter activityArtificial intelligence is being used to spot the difference between human users and fake accounts on Twitter.2Emilio Ferrara at the University of Southern California in the US, and his colleagues have trained an AI to detect bots on Twitter based on differences in (31) ______ of activity between real and fake accounts.The team analysed two separate datasets of Twitter users, which had been classified either manually or by a pre-existing algorithm as either bot or human.The manually verified dataset (32) ______ of 8.4 million tweets from 3500 human accounts, and 3.4 million tweets from 5000 bots.The researchers found that human users replied four to five times more often to other tweets than bots did. Real users gradually become more interactive, with the fraction of replies increasing over the course of an hour-long session of Twitter use.The length of tweets by human users also decreased as sessions (33) ______. “The amount of information that is exchanged diminishes,” says Ferrara. He believes that the change may result from a cognitive depletion over time, in which people become less likely to expend mental effort (34) ______ original content.Bots, on the other hand, show no changes in their interactivity or the length of information they tweet over time.The team also analysed the amount of time between any two consecutive(连读的) tweets from a single user. When this (35) ______ is plotted, bots showed spikes for certain time gaps, such as tweeting at 30-minute or 60-minute intervals.The team then combined these (36) ______ to train an existing bot-detection algorithm, called Botometer, on the difference in activity patterns. The AI was (37) ______ more likely to accurately detect to fake accounts than when it was not taking into (38) ______ the timing of posts.The algorithm could be used to (39) ______ other bot-detection tools that analyse the language within posts, says Ferrara.3One of the study’s (40) ______ is that the Twitter data the team analysed is from three years ago. In that time, it’s possible that bots have become more human-like in their activity patterns.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was “college colours” day at an elementary school in Altamonte Springs, Florida, on August 30. One of Laura Snyder’s fourth-grade students Billy wore an orange T-shirt (41) ______ his favourite school, the University of Tennessee.Billy was so excited to show Snyder his shirt. She was (42) ______ that he took it one step further to make his own label and he drew his own UT logo with pen and paper and (43) ______ it to his shirt.But after lunch, Billy came back to Snyder’s room crying. Some girls at the lunch table next to Billy’s had made fun of the (44) ______ on his shirt. Billy was depressed. Snyder knew kids can be (45) ______. She was aware that the label was not the fanciest one, but this kid used the resources he had (46) ______ to him to participate in the activity.In an effort to (47) ______ him up, Snyder planned to buy him a University of Tennessee shirt. She asked on the Facebook if anyone out there had any (48) ______ at the university to make it a little extra special for Billy.What happened next completely (49) ______ her. Her post spread rapidly on Facebook, eventually reaching University of Tennessee fans and then the university itself. The university (50) ______ by sending Billy a package of UT souvenirs for him and his classmates.“I’m not even sure I can put into words his (51) ______. It was so heart-warming,” Snyder wrote in an (52) ______ to her post. “Billy was so amazed at all the goodies in the box. He proudly put on the jersey(运动衫) and one of the many hats in the box. All who saw applauded for him. ”4But then things got even better.The university’s official shop (53) ______ on September 5 that it decided to take Billy’s handmade logo and turn it into an actual shirt. And some of the money will be donated to an anti-bullying(反欺凌) organization.“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw (54) ______,” Snyder wrote. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his (55) ______ grew today! Thank you to the UT Nation for that!”Billy’s mother wrote a letter of gratitude that Snyder posted. It said, in part, “I can tell you that I spent a lot of my day reading all the kind words in support of my son and I’m touched beyond words,” she wrote.41. A. appreciating B. representing C. admiring D. picturing42. A. reminded B. convinced C. impressed D. satisfied43. A. attached B. wore C. turned D. printed44. A. brand B. sign C. colour D. sample45. A. strange B. stupid C. cruel D. selfish46. A. sustainable B. typical C. available D. convenient47. A. cheer B. trip C. team D. pick48. A. exchange B. contact C. suggestion D. knowledge49. A. froze B. posed C. blinded D. floored50. A. acknowledged B. greeted C. responded D. permitted51. A. reaction B. improvement C. behaviour D. attitude52. A. email B. address C. interview D. update53. A. advertised B. explained C. promised D. announced54. A. changed B. dropped C. ached D. closed55. A. confidence B. expectation C. responsibility D. reputationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several5questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidification, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass6extinction event 252 million years ago.The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.56. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The author’s feelings to the ocean.B. Cameron’s movies and remarks.C. The author’s discoveries under the sea.D. Cameron’s observation and concern.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.B. More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C. Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.D. Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.58. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Decreases.B. Destruction.C. Diseases.D. Discrimination.59. Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?A. To call on people to protect sea animals.B. To compare current situations with the past.C. To explain how serious the ocean problem is.D. To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.B78Enjoy an amazing time in Lake Tahoe, CA with the fantastic show, Magic Fusion! This fantastic display features a variety of talented magicians who each take to the stagewith their own flare, tricks, and illusions that will have the audiences who witness theshow on the edge of their seats.Presented by the amazing Loft Theatre, this show has seen the likes of famous magicians such as Robert Hall and Chipper Lowell. Each evening stars a different magician as well, so you can enjoy a variety of talented performers all on the same stage. It is great for all ages, so you can bring the entire family along to be excited and entertained during this 75-minute performance. You never know what you may see, so do not miss out!The Loft Theatre is Lake Tahoe’s premier place for entertainment and delicious food. Not only is it home to amazing shows that will entertain and thrill, but it is also home to a dining experience that serves up some mouthwatering meals. Before your show, be sure to grab a bite to eat before heading over to enjoy the Loft. It is located in the extremely popular Heavenly Village area of Lake Tahoe next to sparkling fountains and the famous Heavenly Toy Shop. It also features a lounge and guests who arrive early can enjoy food, fun, and magicians who will wow you with tricks for that extra dose of entertainment!For an amazing experience that you will not soon forget, be sure to enjoy this fantastic performance at the Loft Theatre!Enjoy this amazing show that will keep you guessing with tons of great tricks and illusions to keep you and your whole family entertained. You can be on the edge of your seat with this option of regular seating to witness this fantastic show, or e xperience theMagic Fusion show in the best seats possible. Order your tickets today!60. What can we learn about Magic Fusion?A. It is intended for all the family members.B. The display will last for one and half hours.C. Different performers will be performing together.D. Audiences will be invited onto the stage during the show.61. The Loft Theatre .A. lies in a famous largely populated areaB. is well-known for the surrounding sceneryC. serves food before and after the performanceD. pro vides those who come early with extra show62. What is true about the arrangement of the performance?A. The performance on Friday finishes earlier.B. The show starts from 9:00 pm every Tuesday.C. There are two performances available every Sunday.D. Regular and VIP seating are offered on different days.C9As we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century, there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether it’s a K-12 or college classroom, it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice.We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors. These instruments, combined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum.Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?”It’s a reasonable question. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers.Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who10are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.63. What is important to the learning technology?A. Instruction and revision.B. Comprehension and application.C. Guidance and arrangements.D. Diversity and flexibility.64. According to the passage, what should an educator do?A. Arrange online assignment for students.B. Help students master online technology.C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace.D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool.65. What’s the author’s attitude toward l earning technology?A. Critical.B. Unconcerned.C. Wait-and-see.D. Approving.66. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness?B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity?C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms?D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content?Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.11The Internet is the largest library in the history of the world and a great resource for anyone seeking information. (67) ______ In recent years, plagiarism from online sources has become a serious problem, especially among students.Original written work and information are protected by copyright laws. Therefore, when you use information you find while doing research, you should always give credit to the person that produced it. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the original source, or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own. This is a dishonest practice.Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem. (68) ______ There are thousands of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. However, the Internet also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to expose copying. Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because copying and pasting(粘贴) is so easy, it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up source material with their original ideas. While unintended plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still a mistake.(69) ______ Usually, the first step of researching is to gather information. You’d better keep a computer document named “References” where you can keep useful information you search on the Internet. Copy and paste the material directly from the document. When you print out parts of the article from the document, print the first page of the article. (70) ______ These will help you remember the source of the information. Then print pages that have the information you need. After you finish your assignment, in the same way that you review your work for clarity and mistakes, you need to check that you have matched the quoted information with the correct source. Following these12tips, you will avoid mixing up source material with your ideas.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible."It is important for us to understand that the computing platforms of today will not be able to sustain at-scale implementations of AI algorithms on massive datasets," said Thirumalai Venkatesan, one of the authors of a paper published in Applied Physics Reviews, from AIP Publishing."Today's computing is way too energy-intensive to handle big data. We need to rethink our approaches to computation on all levels: materials, devices and architecture that can enable ultralow energy computing."Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost- effective platform, according to Venkatesan. Memristive devices are electronic devices with an inherent memory that are capable of both storing data and performing computation. Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons, the computing units in the brain, they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.Until now, oxides have been the leading candidate as the optimum material for memristors. Different material systems have been proposed but none have been successful so far."Over the last 20 years, there have been several attempts to come up with organic memristors, but none of those have shown any promise," said Sreetosh Goswami, lead author on the paper. "The primary reason behind this failure is their lack of stability, reproducibility and ambiguity in mechanistic understanding. At a device level, we are now able to solve most of these problems,"13This new generation of organic memristors is developed based on metal azo complex devices, which are the brainchild of Sreebata Goswami, a professor at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkata and another author on the paper. "In thin films, the molecules are so robust and stable that these devices can eventually be the right choice for many wearable and implantable technologies or a body net, because these could be bendable and stretchable," said Sreebata Goswami. A body net is a series of wireless sensors that stick to the skin and track health.The next challenge will be to produce these organic memristors at scale, said Venkatesan."Now we are making individual devices in the laboratory. We need to make circuits for large-scale functional implementation of these devices."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你可以通过特殊的练习来发展自律，你可以在任何时间和任何地点练习。
2019-2020年高三开学摸底考试（英语）word版含答案本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分为150分，考试时间120分钟.第I卷（共105分）注意事项：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
第一部分：听力（满分30分）该部分分为第一、第二两节。
注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。
听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man going to do?A．To find a place to eat.B．To look for a hotel.C．To take a taxi.2．What does the man offer to do for the woman?A．To take her to China.B．To teach her Chinese.C．To introduce China to her.3．What is the relationship between the speakers?A．Neighbors. B．Friends. C．Strangers.4．What are the two speakers talking about?A．Paintings. B．Rivers and mountains. C．Hobbies.5．What did the woman see in the yard?A．A car. B．Nothing. C．A well,.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
高三英语练习II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Section BDirection: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut O zil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and nowGermany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Lo w, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Lo w, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.(B)The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceSection BDirection: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing. I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81.What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82.When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83.Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84.We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsFOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READCaroline Leavitt Cruel Beautiful WorldAt age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sister Charlotte and devoted aunt Iris in Waltham, Massachusetts. On the last day of school, she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher, William, and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania, near his new teaching job. Though Lucy feels increasingly isolated, William won’t allow her any outlet. Leavitt draws upon a real-life crime that involved a girl she knew in high school. She tells her story from multiple viewpoints, building tension and empathy for Lucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them.Steven Price By GaslightPrice, an award-winning Canadian poet, achieves an extraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in his weighty second novel. His hero is William Pinkerton, son of the founder of the legendary detective agency, who finds clues in his late father’s safe to the case of William Shade. This mythic thief had disturbed and upset his father. William tracks a Shade accomplice（共犯）, Charlotte Reckitt, to London, only to find she’s been found dead in the Thames. Also on the scene is Adam Foole, who is obsessed with Charlotte, who he met while stealing De Beers diamonds from a South African mine. Price ably arranges dozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents and several decades, from American Civil War battlefields to Scotland Yard at the end of the 19th Century.GeFeiThe Invisibility CloakBeijing-based GeFei (pen name for Liu Yong) won the 2015 Mao Dun Literature Prize for fiction “describing the changing spirit of Chinese society” over the past century. The Invisibility Cloak, his first English publication, revolves around Cui, a divorced man who creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijing’s newly wealthy and a few intellectuals. Beijing’s rapid expansion has left Cui longing for an invisible life away from the city. His chance comes when he agrees to build a world-class sound system for a gangster（黑社会老大）. GeFei’s nice irony, translated from the Chinese by Canaan Morse, should find many fans.Tim Harford MessyThe temptation to be neat and tidy may be powerful, but “we would be better served by embracing a degree of mess,” Harford argues. His defense of the creative potential of the imperfect, crude, random, vague, difficult, diverse and even dirty is refreshing. Reaching into the arts, politics, business, science and technology, Harford makes a compelling case for opening up to disorder and luck.85.Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A. Caroline LeavittB. Steven PriceC. GeFeiD. Tim Harford86.Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironichumor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?A. Cruel Beautiful WorldB. By GaslightC. The Invisibility CloakD. Messy87.This page is intended for people who want to ______.A. buy newly-published books at a discountB. recommend books to friends and familyC. know what books are worthwhile to readD. understand the current trend in literature(C)To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from the avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their mind.88.What does “are toiled” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. have hobbiesB. feel pleasedC. work very hardD. are busy89.Which is NOT true based on the first two paragraphs?A. Being late in life to attempt to cultivate hobbies adds to mental stress.B. Great knowledge irrelevant to the daily work can’t guarantee benefit.C. Those tired out for a week’s labour are reluctant to play football on weekends.D. Unfortunate people need discipline to help them build up hope.90.For those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure, they ______.A. are very willing to work long hours in the office or the factoryB. earn a large amount of money due to their hard work for a long timeC. are keen to enjoy the pleasure when they are off dutyD. usually enjoy themselves in the simplest and most modest forms91.Which statement will the author agree with according to the 3rd paragraph?A. The first class are lazy and the second class are bound to succeed.B. The second class never need holidays because their life is harmonious.C. The minority are more favoured by fortune because they never stop working.D. One really needs alternation for a change in order to work better.(D)Ladies and gentlemen,I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work - a life's work in the agony（痛苦）and sweat of the human spirit. But I would like to use this moment as a climax from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same agony and sweat, among whom is already that one who will someday stand here where I am standing.Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.He, the writer, must learn them again. He must teach himself that the worst of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is short-lived and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and sympathy and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse（诅咒）. He writes not of love but of desire, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or sympathy. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands（腺体）.Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of sympathy and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and sympathy and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the pillars to help him endure and prevail.92.The word “that” in the 2nd paragraph probably means ______.A. the agony and sweat of the human spiritB. the general and universal physical fearC. the sustenance and endurance for a long timeD. the human heart in conflict with itself93.According to the speaker, the old truths of the heart are so important that ______.A. they are love, honor, pity, pride, sympathy and sacrificeB. they prolong a writer’s life and protect him from cursesC. they are the soul of a real and powerful piece of writingD. they can effectively stop the trend towards the end of man94.How can poets / writers help man endure and prevail?A. By inspiring man with his past glories through words.B. By helping man endure the end through endless voices.C. By recording sympathy, sacrifice and endurance in his soul.D. By building spiritual pillars through immortal hearts.95.The speaker may probably agree that ______.A. the award was not fair because his life was too painfulB. young writers now are too fearful to bear the agony and sweatC. the biggest obstacle to good writing is the writer’s fearD. writing about man’s soul signals his final prevalence(E)By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you’re anything special, because you’re not.” Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony — and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough’s ego-puncturing words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it’s often exactly when we’re least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more stringently. Poor students, the authors note, “lack insight” into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do, and their very ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor “extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “metacognitive skill”: the capacity to monitor how well they’re performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There’s a paradox here, the authors note: “The skills that engender competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don’t possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.。
2019-2020上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his handA brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface(BCI)that___1___(allow)28-year-old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again.Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs,___2___can move his elbows and shoulders.He had a brain implant inserted in2014as part of research aiming to restore movement in___3___right arm.The BCI uses the implant___4___(record)brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements,which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles.“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years:he can play[the video game]Guitar Hero,swipe a credit card and do about20different hand grips,”says Ganzer.But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands,he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when___5___(grasp)objects,and if blindfolded,was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil.The researchers discovered that___6___Burkhart’s hand cannot feel anything, the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object.They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.As a result,Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone.The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object–a light grasp,for example,for a paper cup.The researchers believe it is the first BCI___7___can simultaneously restore movement and touch.When the brain implant was inserted,it___8___(intend)solely for controlling movement,but the___9___(add)touch is possible because there is some overlap____10____the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart’s brain,says Ganzer.【答案】1.has allowed2.but3.his4.to record5.grasping6.(al)though7.that8.was intended9.added10.between【解析】这是一篇说明文。
2019-2020学年上海市三新学校高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BThis is Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Christopher Intagliata.The Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds of rock and soil from the moon, that's nearly 2200 different samples. But the most interesting one, according to a scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa, is a sample named "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5collected by Neil Armstrong on Apollo 11.“He was about to step back into the lunar module(登月舱) when he turned around and saw there were little spaces in the rock box. He knew that geologists on earth would be just so excited to study these materials, so he just scooped up nine scoops(勺) of soil and put it into the box." Wadhwa explained.It was one of the most well studied samples of the Apollo missions. And a geologist named John Wood noticed white flecks(微粒) of rock in the soil, which inspired him to dig deeper into the moon's ancient past.“This was quite a leap of imagination — he proposed that the whole of the moon had been almost covered with a magma(岩浆) ocean nearly 4.5 billion years ago. This was a revolutionary idea at the time, because people had thought the moon had formed cold, so it completely changed our idea how the moon formed.”But Wadhwa has a more personal reason to appreciate this sample. She met her husband Scott Parazynski also because of this rock sample. Scott, a mountaineer at that time, wanted to climbMount Everestwith a moon rock while Wadhwa was the chairman of the NASA committee that gives access to the samples for scientific purposes.Neil Armstrong's last-minute scoop of moon dust brought two people together here on Earth and upturned our understanding of how the moon — and the Earth itself-got here.Thank you for listening for Scientific American's 60-Second Science.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. Neil Armstrong was excited to find the soilB. the spaceship was about to land on the moonC. Sample "Apollo1-008-5" was collected at the last minuteD. scientists were not satisfied with the samples brought back by Neil5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Scott made a new proposal about the moon's origin.B. The Apollo missions brought back 842 rock samples.C. "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5" brought new evidence to the moon's formation.D. Wadhwa and her husband climbedMount Everestwith a moon rock.6. What is this text?A. A short interview.B. An introduction to a scientist.C. An inspiring speech.D. A broadcast story of a program.7. What is the text mainly about?A. A romantic story of a moon rock.B. A big leap made by Neil Armstrong.C. An unusual task for Apollo missions.D. An unexpected discovery in moon exploration.COnline education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials. Its attractiveness, benefits, and challenges are addressed.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral program. However, the first question out of her mouth was, “Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference program guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realize at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.My responsibilities for the term included gaining more understanding of online education. Consequently, I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognize the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programs at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants asI begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two faculty members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.8. What benefits the development of online education?A. Teachers’ good teaching ability.B. Lack of traditional classrooms.C. Learners’ access to free courses.D. The rapid advance of technology.9. Why did the author take a student for example?A. To show students’ love for the doctoral program.B. To persuade learners of traditional education.C. To explain the growing trend of online education.D. To predict the future of the teaching career.10. What caused the author to know more about online education?A. The appetite for knowledge.B. The professional responsibilities.C. The requirement of research.D. The colleagues’ encouragement.11. What is the author’s attitude to online education?A. Carefree.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Unwilling.DThe air is thin and we have to rest several times on the shore hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we stay here.Tibetan antelopes live mainly on the plains of Tibet. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted illegally for their valuable fur.My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a safe place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We're not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we're trying to save ourselves.”In the 1980s and 1990s the population of Tibetan antelopes dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.In order to save Tibetan antelopes, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope wasremovedfrom the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection program since the threat to the Tibetan antelope has not yet disappeared. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.12. What can we learn from Zhaxi's words in paragraph 3?A. Protecting the animals can make money.B. Protecting the animals is protecting ourselves.C. He is not fond of protecting the animals.D. The reserve is only safe for wild animals.13. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4?A. Why hunters hunt Tibetan antelopes.B. Why antelopes' living places changed.C. Why antelopes' number dropped greatly.D. Why the 1980s and the 1990s are unusual.14. What does the underlined word “removed” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Deleted.B. Changed.C. Migrated.D. Recognized.15. What might be the future condition of Tibetan antelopes according to the last paragraph?A. They will be over-populated.B. They will be a threat to man and other wildlife.C. They will be on the endangered species list again.D. They will be in harmony with nature and humans.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市实验学校高中高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s the time of year when we start hiking. As you pack, remember to bring your smartphone. Whether you’re going on a short walk or a long trip, there are a handful of apps that can help.MapMyHikeThis app tracks where you're hiking so you have a mapof your route at the end of the hike. It can also track other fitness information like the distance traveled, speed, pace, and even calories burned. You can save the data for your hike, so you can always access the route you look as well as track improvements to your workout. GaiaGPSYou don't always have cellphone service when hiking, but you always want to know where you are. The GaiaGPS app provides that information. Download maps of different parts of the world, and access the GaiaGPS app in the middle of even the most remote trails. The GPS function makes using the maps simple, and the app will also point to areas of interest.Backpacking ChecklistOne of the worst things is being way out on a trail only to discover you left behind something important. That's why checklists are the best. This checklist app helps you build a customized(定制的) list of things to take with you. Organize different lists based on trail lengths or requirements. Track all your essential items by weight and where you can find them.WildObsUsing WildObs, you can record your observations of plants and animals and add them to the database. You can ask the community to help you identify something and keep track of everything you've met, and most importantly, you can become a citizen scientist. By recording what you've seen with this app, you're helping scientists keep track of what's happening to the natural world.1. What can you do with MapMyHike?A. Record your walking speed.B. Design a suitable hiking route.C. Locate popular tourist attractions.D. Store the data of your daily activities.2. What is WildObs intended to do?A. To provide survival skills.B. To lead the way.C. To identify wildlife.D. To help make preparations.3. Which app is most useful before hiking?A. GaiaGPS.B. MapMyHike.C. WildObs.D. Backpacking Checklist.BHi, Momis a hit inChina. Since its release in early February the movie has earned more than 5 billion yuan at the box office. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film ever released in the country, and may yet overtakeWolf Worrior2, an action film from 2017.Written and directed by Jia Ling, the film is adapted from her comedy routine from 2016 which explored her relationship with her mother, who died in an accident when Ms. Jia was 19. At a time when many people have been separated from their families, the themes of grief and filial piety (孝道) inHi, Mombring agreement.The film’s impressive box office income is also a reminder of the health of the industry inChinacompared withHollywood. In the West cinemas remain closed due to lockdown or operate at limited capacity; inChina, where many restrictions have been lifted, between 50% and 75% of seats are available to book. During the Spring Festival, Chinese cinemas made an estimated $1.5 billion in ticket sales – 71% of takings at the American box office in all of 2020.With cinemas shut, film-sales agent stopped bringingHollywoodmovies to market. That has given locally made films a chance to excel. Since 2013, domestic films have taken around 60% of total box office earnings. In 2021, that number may get closer to 100%.4. What can be inferred from the first paragraph aboutHi, Mom?A. It will be a success.B.Wolf Worrior2 will be released after it.C. It is better than Wolf Worrior 2.D. It may be the first-highest-grossing film inChina.5. Which statement is NOT true according to the text?A. The film industry inChinais developing better than that inHollywood.B. The film is based on a real story.C. You can’t go to cinema because there are many restrictions.D. Many people can’t see their families often nowadays.6. What is the author’s attitude towards local films?A. NegativeB. PositiveC. IndifferentD. Skeptical7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Local Movies Arise.B. China Film Industry.C. Comedy Time.D.Hi, Mom-China’s Latest Hit.CI had just delivered a memorable speech, and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt the drum rolled in my heart.The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner, still not me. At last, the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter.Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but again I did not place.I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.8. How did the author feel after finishing his speech?A. Delighted.B. Annoyed.C. Thrilled.D. Nervous.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. He was regretful about his not being fully prepared.B. He felt upset for getting up early on a chilly morning.C. He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old.D. He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest.10. Why did the author decide to enter the second contest?A. He was eager to prove himself to be the best contestant.B. He was inspired by the never-give-up spirit of Lincoln.C. He was willing to enjoy the warmth and joy of victory.D. He was determined to win the prize money and praise.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A memorable hero in my lifeB. Never mind others’ judgmentsC. Losing is an indescribable feelingD. Stand up from where we tripped overDYou’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part ofVon Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all atonce.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.12. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.13. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.14. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市西郊学校高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A“Why do I feel cold when I have a fever?” “Why does the sun rise in the east?” I knew the day would come when my little girl Sophie would learn to talk and inevitably (不可避免地) start askingthose questions. The questions themselves weren’t worrying me. I was actually looking forward to seeing where her curiosity would lie.What was bothering (烦恼) me was whether or not I would know the answers. In the age of the smartphone, this may seem like a silly worry. The answers to almost everything would be just one Google away.Still, I struggled with how I was going to prepare to become an all-knowing mother. Then one day, it struck me: I didn’t need to have all the answers. What a great example I could set if I let my daughter know that I, too, was still learning. And I realized how much more I could learn if I took another look at things I thought I already knew the answer to with the curiosity of a child. My little girl’s mind is a beginner’s mind--- curious, open to new ideas, eager to learn, and not based on knowledge that already exists. I decided that I would deal with her questions with a beginner’s mind, too.Once I decided to become more curious, I started noticing that curiosity was becoming more important in the workplace, too. It seems that leaders don't need to have all the answers, but they do need to be curious.Curious about curiosity, I searched for answers and found Albert Einstein’s famous words, “I have no special talent. I am only passionately (热情地) curious.” We mightquibble overthe view that Einstein had no special talent, but there is one thing for certain---he wouldn't have solved the puzzles of the universe without his passionate curiosity. Then I came across another Einstein quote, “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason or existence.”1. The advantage of having a beginner’s mind is that ________.A. people can learn much faster.B. people won't be afraid to make mistakes.C. people are willing to receive new things.D. people won't be expected to answer all questions.2. What does the example of Einstein’s words show?A. Einstein was passionate about curiosity.B. Einstein’s quotes are very famous.C. Curiosity is of great significance.D. Curiosity is more necessary than talent.3. What does the underlined phrase “quibble over” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Fight against.B. Argue about.C. Work out.D. Agree withBAsk a classroom of children to draw a scientist, and you’ll see plenty of color1 ed lab coats and glasses. The image (画像) hasn't changed much since the 1960s, but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids? drawings in recent decades — going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.The first of many “ draw-a-scientist ’’ studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977. Of those 5,000 drawings, only 28 drew female scientists. That was just 0.56 percent. Today, female scientists are being presented more in the media. For example, in a content analysis, 13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls, compared with 44 percent in the 2000s. “That might really affect children’s idea on what a scientist should be like, ” says Miller, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology.To look for changes in children'sperceptionover time, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis ,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average, 28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.What hasn’t changed much: kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念）by gender (性别）as they grow up. At age 6, about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studiesdrew female scientists. By age 16, 75 percent drew male scientists. This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes. It’s important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.4. What’s the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s, kid like?A. A man with long curly hair.B. A woman with lab glasses.C. A woman in a formal lab suit.D. A man in a color1 ed lab coat.5. What may contribute to the changes in kids’ drawings?A. The improvement of women^ social status.B. The kids are affected by teachers and parents.C. More female scientists appear in the media.D. The increasing number of female scientists.6. What does the underlined word “ perception” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Belief.B. Idea.C. Habit.D. Growth.7. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A. it's a stereotype that scientists are generally malesB. girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boysC. some children are born with certain stereotypesD. most children tend to prefer female scientistsCChimps use loud calls and gestures to make their feelings known but until now, the exact meaning for individual movements has remained a mystery. Now researchers believe they have translated the key gestures used in the chimp community and identified their intentions for the first time.From 4,351 gestures, experts were able to identify 66 that are used for 19 specific message meanings, including showing a foot to tell a child they can climb on their back. The researchers were able to narrow down these 66 gestures to 36 that are used intentionally to achieve 15 purposes. The translations were made by Dr Catherine Hobaiter and her colleagues at St Andrews University in Scotland.Dr Hobaiter used behavior sampling and filmed all recorded cases of gestural communication. Other gestures include stomping their feet to ask another chimp to stop what they are doing, and slapping objects together to ask another to follow them. Of the 19 meanings,17 encouraged interactions to start, or to develop, such as “move closer,” and “change play”. Some of the gestures were found to have more than one meaning. and only 10 of the 66 gestures were used for only a single meaning.Researchers collected a total of 471 video clips from two social groups of chimps at a shelter near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. As well as identifying what the gesture means, they also discovered the technique needed to increase the chances of success.“Human children use gestures to communicate before they produce their first words, and their earliest gestures typically appear around 10 months of age,” explained the researchers. “In great apes, there is good evidence that language-trained individuals are capable of acquiring and understanding signals, but this is far less clear in their natural communication. ”8. Chimps slap the objects to____________.A. tell others to stop what they are doingB. ask others chimps to join themC. gather other chimps to move closerD. encourage interactions to start9. What did researchers find after studying 471 video clips?A. Chimps trained in language are good at understanding signals.B. Two social groups of chimps live at a shelter near Kinshasa.C. Language-trained individuals do well in natural communication.D. Chimps’earliest gestures appear around 10 months of age.10. How is the last paragraph developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By examining differences.C By making comparisons. D. By following time order.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A A New Research on Chimps B. Human Children and ChimpsC. Getting the Chimps Trained for LanguageD. Translating the Sign Language of ChimpsDI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to thinkabout how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.12. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.13. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.14. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.15. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试I.Listening Comprehension（略）II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his hand.A brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface(BCI)that(21)______(allow)28-year-old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again.Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs,(22)______ can move his elbows and shoulders.He had a brain implant inserted in2014as part of research aiming to restore movement in(23)______right arm.The BCI uses the implant(24)______(record)brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements,which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles.“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years:he can play[the video game]Guitar Hero,swipe a credit card and do about20different hand grips,”says Ganzer.But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands,he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when(25) ______(grasp)objects,and if blindfolded,was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil.The researchers discovered that(26)______Burkhart’s hand cannot feel anything,the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object.They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.As a result,Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone.The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object–a light grasp,for example, for a paper cup.The researchers believe it is the first BCI(27)______can simultaneously restore movement and touch.When the brain implant was inserted,it(28)______(intend)solely for controlling movement,but the(29)______(add) touch is possible because there is some overlap(30)______the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart’s brain,says Ganzer.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.consistedposingC.measuresD.accountE.patternsF.limitationsG.moderately H.progressed I.distribution J.significantly plementAI can distinguish between bots and humans based on Twitter activityArtificial intelligence is being used to spot the difference between human users and fake accounts on Twitter.Emilio Ferrara at the University of Southern California in the US,and his colleagues have trained an AI to detect bots on Twitter based on differences in(31)______of activity between real and fake accounts.The team analysed two separate datasets of Twitter users,which had been classified either manually or by a pre-existing algorithm as either bot or human.The manually verified dataset(32)______of8.4million tweets from3500human accounts,and3.4million tweets from5000bots.The researchers found that human users replied four to five times more often to other tweets than bots did. Real users gradually become more interactive,with the fraction of replies increasing over the course of an hour-long session of Twitter use.The length of tweets by human users also decreased as sessions(33)______.“The amount of information that is exchanged diminishes,”says Ferrara.He believes that the change may result from a cognitive depletion over time, in which people become less likely to expend mental effort(34)______original content.Bots,on the other hand,show no changes in their interactivity or the length of information they tweet over time.The team also analysed the amount of time between any two consecutive(连读的)tweets from a single user. When this(35)______is plotted,bots showed spikes for certain time gaps,such as tweeting at30-minute or 60-minute intervals.The team then combined these(36)______to train an existing bot-detection algorithm,called Botometer,on the difference in activity patterns.The AI was(37)______more likely to accurately detect to fake accounts than when it was not taking into(38)______the timing of posts.The algorithm could be used to(39)______other bot-detection tools that analyse the language within posts, says Ferrara.One of the study’s(40)______is that the Twitter data the team analysed is from three years ago.In that time, it’s possible that bots have become more human-like in their activity patterns.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was“college colors”day at an elementary school in Altamonte Springs,Florida,on August30.One of Laura Snyder’s fourth-grade students Billy wore an orange T-shirt(41)______his favourite school,the University of Tennessee.Billy was so excited to show Snyder his shirt.She was(42)______that he took it one step further to make his own label and he drew his own UT logo with pen and paper and(43)______it to his shirt.But after lunch,Billy came back to Snyder’s room crying.Some girls at the lunch table next to Billy’s had made fun of the(44)______on his shirt.Billy was depressed.Snyder knew kids can be(45)______.She was aware that the label was not the fanciest one,but this kid used the resources he had(46)______to him to participate in the activity.In an effort to(47)______him up,Snyder planned to buy him a University of Tennessee shirt.She asked on the Facebook if anyone out there had any(48)______at the university to make it a little extra special for Billy.What happened next completely(49)______her.Her post spread rapidly on Facebook,eventually reaching University of Tennessee fans and then the university itself.The university(50)______by sending Billy a package of UT souvenirs for him and his classmates.“I’m not even sure I can put into words his(51)______.It was so heart-warming,”Snyder wrote in an(52) ______to her post.“Billy was so amazed at all the goodies in the box.He proudly put on the jersey(运动衫)and one of the many hats in the box.All who saw applauded for him.”But then things got even better.The university’s official shop(53)______on September5that it decided to take Billy’s handmade logo and turn it into an actual shirt.And some of the money will be donated to an anti-bullying(反欺凌)organization.“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it,his jaw(54) ______,”Snyder wrote.“He had a big smile on his face,walked taller,and I could tell his(55)______grew today! Thank you to the UT Nation for that!”Billy’s mother wrote a letter of gratitude that Snyder posted.It said,in part,“I can tell you that I spent a lot of my day reading all the kind words in support of my son and I’m touched beyond words,”she wrote.41.A.appreciating B.representing C.admiring D.picturing42.A.reminded B.convinced C.impressed D.satisfied43.A.attached B.wore C.turned D.printed44.A.brand B.sign C.colour D.sample45.A.strange B.stupid C.cruel D.selfish46.A.sustainable B.typical C.available D.convenient47.A.cheer B.trip C.team D.pick48.A.exchange B.contact C.suggestion D.knowledge49.A.froze B.posed C.blinded D.floored50.A.acknowledged B.greeted C.responded D.permitted51.A.reaction B.improvement C.behaviour D.attitude52.A.email B.address C.interview D.update53.A.advertised B.explained C.promised D.announced54.A.changed B.dropped C.ached D.closed55.A.confidence B.expectation C.responsibility D.reputationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn2012,James Cameron,creator of Avatar and Titanic,became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at7miles below sea level,he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.“As human beings,we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest,the highest,the coldest,the farthest,”he says.“And as a storyteller and curious monkey,I just wanted to see what was there.”The answer is obvious—plastic and more.“Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,”Cameron says.“Unless this changes,ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”Despite decades of environmental studies,the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood.Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease.Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water,which could potentially impact animal populations.But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood.“Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams,which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic,and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的)dead zones the size of countries,”Cameron says.Oceans,like the rest of the world,are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhousegases like carbon dioxide—about30percent of which is absorbed by the sea.This absorption causes ocean acidification,where the pH level is altered to become more acidic.As a result,it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive,which,scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems.Indeed,ocean acidification is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event252million years ago.The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming st June,scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began.The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era,between3and5million years ago,when global temperatures were about4degrees Celsius warmer than they are today.Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend,we may be on course to see4degrees of warming by 2100.As a result,understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.56.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The author’s feelings to the ocean.B.Cameron’s movies and remarks.C.The author’s discoveries under the sea.D.Cameron’s observation and concern.57.What can we infer from the passage?A.Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.B.More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C.Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.D.Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.58.What does the underlined word“disruptions”in Paragraph5probably mean?A.Decreases.B.Destruction.C.Diseases.D.Discrimination.59.Why does the author mention the mass extinction event252million years ago?A.To call on people to protect sea animals.B.To compare current situations with the past.C.To explain how serious the ocean problem is.D.To prove pollution to be the cause ofacidification.Enjoy an amazing time in Lake Tahoe,CA with the fantastic show,Magic Fusion!This fantastic display features a variety of talented magicians who each take to the stage with their own flare,tricks,and illusions thatBwill have the audiences who witness the show on the edge of their seats.Presented by the amazing Loft Theatre,this show has seen the likes of famous magicians such as Robert Hall and Chipper Lowell.Each evening stars a different magician as well,so you can enjoy a variety of talented performers all on the same stage.It is great for all ages,so you can bring the entire family along to be excited and entertained during this75-minute performance.You never know what you may see,so do not miss out!About the theatreThe Loft Theatre is Lake Tahoe’s premier place for entertainment and delicious food.Not only is it home to amazing shows that will entertain and thrill,but it is also home to a dining experience that serves up some mouthwatering meals.Before your show,be sure to grab a bite to eat before heading over to enjoy the Loft.It is located in the extremely popular Heavenly Village area of Lake Tahoe next to sparkling fountains and the famous Heavenly Toy Shop.It also features a lounge and guests who arrive early can enjoy food,fun,and magicians who will wow you with tricks for that extra dose of entertainment!For an amazing experience that you will not soon forget,be sure to enjoy this fantastic performance at the Loft Theatre!Magic Fusion Regular and VIP SeatingEnjoy this amazing show that will keep you guessing with tons of great tricks and illusions to keep you and your whole family entertained.You can be on the edge of your seat with this option of regular seating to witness this fantastic show,or experience the Magic Fusion show in the best seats possible.Order your tickets today!60.What can we learn about Magic Fusion?A.It is intended for all the family members.B.The display will last for one and half hours.C.Different performers will be performing together.D.Audiences will be invited onto the stage during the show.61.The Loft Theatre.A.lies in a famous largely populated areaB.is well-known for the surrounding sceneryC.serves food before and after the performanceD.provides those who come early with extra show62.What is true about the arrangement of the performance?A.The performance on Friday finishes earlier.B.The show starts from9:00pm every Tuesday.C.There are two performances available every Sunday.D.Regular and VIP seating are offered on different days.CAs we prepare learners with the skills needed for the21st century,there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms.Whether it’s a K-12or college classroom,it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another.In some cases,online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether.As educators,we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits.However,while technology offers significant advantages,simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice.We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided.These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors.These instruments,combined with guidance,can afford good instruction,practice and motivation.While technology can positively impact learning outcomes,it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum.Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly.It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject.Some may wonder,“Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?”It’s a reasonable question.We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools.A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using,they may need more direction on how to apply these tools.Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools.Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use,structures for its application,and trained deliverers.Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace.Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom.Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content,but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms.Technology,when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs,can make us more effective as educators.63.What is important to the learning technology?A.Instruction and revision.prehension and application.C.Guidance and arrangements.D.Diversity and flexibility.64.According to the passage,what should an educator do?A.Arrange online assignment for students.B.Help students master online technology.C.Prepare students with rules in the workplace.D.Notify students of the value of the learning tool.65.What’s the author’s attitude toward learning technology?A.Critical.B.Unconcerned.C.Wait-and-see.D.Approving.66.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness?B.Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity?C.Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms?D.Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content?Section CDirections:Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.It lists details like the name of writer and publication.B.But doing research on the Internet is not without its risks.C.This is because it is so easy to find and copy information online.D.In addition to dishonesty,plagiarism is a lost opportunity for students.E.To avoid unintended plagiarizing,managing your sources becomes important.F.If you use ideas from other writers without quoting from the original work,you’re plagiarizing.The Internet is the largest library in the history of the world and a great resource for anyone seeking information.(67)______In recent years,plagiarism from online sources has become a serious problem,especially among students.Original written work and information are protected by copyright laws.Therefore,when you use information you find while doing research,you should always give credit to the person that produced it.To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the original source,or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own.This is a dishonest practice.Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem.(68)______There are thousands of resources forstudents who wish only to copy or cheat.However,the Internet also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism.Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to expose copying.Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism.Because copying and pasting(粘贴)is so easy,it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up source material with their original ideas.While unintended plagiarism usually happens innocently,it is still a mistake.(69)______Usually,the first step of researching is to gather information.You’d better keep a computer document named“References”where you can keep useful information you search on the Internet.Copy and paste the material directly from the document.When you print out parts of the article from the document,print the first page of the article.(70)______These will help you remember the source of the information.Then print pages that have the information you need.After you finish your assignment,in the same way that you review your work for clarity and mistakes,you need to check that you have matched the quoted information with the correct source. Following these tips,you will avoid mixing up source material with your ideas.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible."It is important for us to understand that the computing platforms of today will not be able to sustain at-scale implementations of AI algorithms on massive datasets,"said Thirumalai Venkatesan,one of the authors of a paper published in Applied Physics Reviews,from AIP Publishing."Today's computing is way too energy-intensive to handle big data.We need to rethink our approaches to computation on all levels:materials,devices and architecture that can enable ultralow energy computing."Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost-effective platform,according to Venkatesan.Memristive devices are electronic devices with an inherent memory that are capable of both storing data and performing computation.Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons,the computing units in the brain,they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.Until now,oxides have been the leading candidate as the optimum material for memristors.Different material systems have been proposed but none have been successful so far."Over the last20years,there have been several attempts to come up with organic memristors,but none of those have shown any promise,"said Sreetosh Goswami,lead author on the paper."The primary reason behind this failure is their lack of stability,reproducibility and ambiguity in mechanistic understanding.At a device level,we are now able to solve most of these problems,"This new generation of organic memristors is developed based on metal azo complex devices,which are the brainchild of Sreebata Goswami,a professor at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkata and another author on the paper."In thin films,the molecules are so robust and stable that these devices can eventually be the right choice for many wearable and implantable technologies or a body net,because these could be bendable and stretchable,"said Sreebata Goswami.A body net is a series of wireless sensors that stick to the skin and track health.The next challenge will be to produce these organic memristors at scale,said Venkatesan."Now we are making individual devices in the laboratory.We need to make circuits for large-scale functional implementation of these devices."V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.你可以通过特殊的练习来发展自律，你可以在任何时间和任何地点练习。
