淮海工学院数据结构实验指导书计算机软件教研室实验1线性表的抽象数据类型的实现实验目的1）掌握线性表的顺序存储结构和链式存储结构；2）熟练掌握顺序表和链表基本算法的实现；3）掌握利用线性表数据结构解决实际问题的方法和基本技巧；4）按照实验题目要求独立正确地完成实验内容（编写、调试算法程序，提交程序清单及及相关实验数据与运行结果）；5）按时提交实验报告。
实验环境计算机、C语言程序设计环境实验学时2学时，必做实验。
实验内容一、顺序表的基本操作实现实验要求：数据元素类型ElemType取整型int。
按照顺序存储结构实现如下算法（各算法边界条件和返回结果适当给出）：1）创建任意整数线性表（即线性表的元素值随机在键盘上输入），长度限定在25之内；2）打印（遍历）该线性表（依次打印出表中元素值）；3）在线性表中查找第i个元素，并返回其值；4）在线性表中第i个元素之前插入一已知元素；5）在线性表中删除第i个元素；6）求线性表中所有元素值（整数）之和；二、链表（带头结点）基本操作实验要求：数据元素类型ElemType取字符型char。
按照动态单循环链表结构实现如下算法（各算法边界条件适当给出）：1）创建任意字符型有序（递增排序）单循环链表（即链表的字符元素随机在键盘上输入），长度限定在15之内；2）打印（遍历）该链表（依次打印出表中元素值）；3）在链表中查找第i个元素，i合法返回元素值，否则，返回FALSE；4）在链表中查找与一已知字符相同的第一个结点，有则返回TRUE，否则，返回FALSE；5）在链表中按照有序方式插入一已知字符元素；6）在线性表中删除第i个结点；7）计算链表的长度。
实验步骤一、顺序表的源程序#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<malloc.h>int list[25];int i,n,a,sum=0,k,l;int eleminsert;/*------------------创建函数--------------*/void initlist(){printf("Please input the total of the elems:");scanf("%d",&n);if(n>25||n<1) {printf("ERROE!");return;}printf("Please input the elems:...\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++){scanf("%d",&list[i]);}return;}/*------------------打印函数--------------*/void Print(int list[],int n){int j;for(j=0;j<n;j++)printf("%d\t",list[j]);printf("\n");return;}/*------------------查找函数------------*/int Search(int list[],int n,int m){if(m<1||m>n){printf("ERROR!\n"); return ;}else printf("The elem is %d at %d place\n",list[m-1],m); return;}/*----------------插入函数------------*/void Insert(int list[],int n,int m,int elem){int j;if(m<1||m>n){printf("ERROR!\n"); return ;}for(j=n-1;j>=m-1;i--){list[j+1]=list[j];}list[m-1]=elem;n=n+1;printf("The new list are:" );Print(list,n);return;}/*---------------删除函数-----------*/void Delete(int list[],int n,int m){int q;int j;if(m<1||m>n){printf("ERROR!\n"); return ;}j=list[m-1];for(q=m-1;q<=n;q++){list[q]=list[q+1];}printf("The new list are:");Print(list,n-1);free(j);return;}/*-------------求和函数------------*/void Sum(int list[],int n,int sum){int j;for(j=0;j<n;j++){sum=sum+list[j];}printf("The sum is :%d",sum);return;}void menu(){int j;/*------------菜单函数------------*/menulab:printf("********************** MENU ******************\n\n"); printf("Create a new int list :...................press 1\n\n"); printf("Print the whole list :....................press 2\n\n"); printf("Search by order :........................press 3\n\n"); printf("Insert the elem in the place i:...........press 4\n\n"); printf("Delete the elem by order :................press 6\n\n"); printf("Sum all elem in the list :................press 7\n\n"); printf("exit the programe :.......................press 0\n\n"); printf("********************** END *******************\n\n"); printf("Please choose the number from (0~7).....");checklabel: scanf("%1d",&j);getchar();if(j<0||j>7){printf("Error! Please choose again......");goto checklabel;}printf("\n\tYou choose the number %d\n ",j);printf("\n\tPress any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/{case 1:/*创建任意整数线性表*/initlist();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 2: /*打印（遍历）该线性表*/printf("The original list is:");Print(list,n);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 3:/*在线性表中查找第i个元素，并返回其值*/printf("Input which LNode you want to Search(Input number):"); scanf("%d",&a);getchar();Search(l,n,a);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 4:/*在线性表中第i个元素之前插入一已知元素*/printf("Please input the elem's place where you want to insert"); scanf("%d",&k);printf("Input the elem which you want to insert:");scanf("%d",&eleminsert);Insert(list,n,k,eleminsert);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 5:/*在线性表中删除第i个元素*/printf("Please input the elem you want to delete:");scanf("%d",&l);n=n+1;Delete(list,n,l);n=n-1;printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 6:/*求线性表中所有元素值（整数）之和*/Sum(list,n,sum);printf("Press any key to continue.....");clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case0:/*退出程序*/printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();exit(0);}}void main(){void menu();menu();}二、链表（带头结点）的源程序#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>struct LNode{char elem;struct LNode* next;}*l,*p,*new;int i,a,k,n;char c,s;/*----------------创建函数-------------*/void intilist(void){l=(struct LNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));l->next=NULL;clrscr();printf("Input the total of the elems:.....");scanf("%d",&n);getchar();if(n>15)printf("Error!");for(i=n;i>0;i--){new=(struct LNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode)); new->next=l->next;l->next=new;}p=l;while(p->next!=NULL) p=p->next;p->next=l;printf("Input elems:.......\n");p=l->next;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){scanf("%c",&p->elem);getchar();p=p->next;}return;}/*----------------排序函数-------------*/ void Sequence(struct LNode * l, int n) {int i;char swap,*e,*f;for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++){ p=l->next;while(p->next!=l){if(p->elem>p->next->elem) {e=&p->elem;f=&p->next->elem;swap=*e;*e=*f;*f=swap;} p=p->next;}}return;}/*----------------打印函数-------------*/void Print(struct LNode * l, int n){int i;p=l->next;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){printf("%c\t",p->elem);p=p->next;}printf("\n");return;}/*----------------查找函数-------------*/ void Locate(struct LNode * l, int n,int m) {int i;if(m>n) { printf("FALSE!\t");return; }else { p=l;for(i=1;i<=m;i++){p=p->next;}printf("The elem is:%c\n",p->elem);}return;}/*------已知字母匹配首结点查找函数------*/void LocateLNode(struct LNode * l, int n,char m){int i;p=l;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){p=p->next; if(p->elem==m) {printf("TRUE!\n");return;}} if(i>n) printf("FALSE!\n");return;}/*----------------插入函数-------------*/void Insert(struct LNode * l, int n,char m){new=(struct LNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));new->next=l->next;l->next=new;new->elem=m;n=n+1;Sequence(l,n);Print(l,n);return;}/*----------------删除函数-------------*/void Delete(struct LNode * l, int n,int m){int i;p=l;for(i=1;i<m;i++){p=p->next;}p->next=p->next->next;n=n-1;printf("The new list is:");Print(l,n);return;}/*----------------求表长函数-------------*/void Length(int n){int i;int length=0;for(i=1;i<=n+1;i++){length=length+sizeof(struct LNode);}printf("The length of the list is:%d",length);return;}/*----------------菜单函数-------------*/void menu(){int j;menulab:printf("********************** MENU ******************\n\n"); printf("Create the new list :..................press 1\n\n"); printf("Sequence the list :...................press 2\n\n"); printf("Search the Lnode by order :............press 3\n\n"); printf("Search the Lnode by elem :.............press 4\n\n"); printf("Insert the elem :......................press 5\n\n"); printf("Delete the elem by order :.............press 6\n\n"); printf("Return the length of the list :........press 7\n\n"); printf("exit the programe :....................press 0\n\n"); printf("********************** END *******************\n\n"); printf("Please choose the number from (0~7)....."); checklabel: scanf("%1d",&j);getchar();if(j<0||j>7){printf("Error! Please choose again......");goto checklabel;}printf("\n\tYou choose the number %d\n ",j);printf("\n\tPress any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/switch(j){case 1:/*创建链表并输入元素*/intilist();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 2: /*排序并打印链表*/Sequence(l,n);printf("The orignal list is:\n");Print(l,n);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 3:/*查找第i个元素*/printf("Input which LNode you want to locate(Input number):"); scanf("%d",&a);getchar();Locate(l,n,a);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 4:/*查找与已知字符相同的第一个结点*/printf("Input the elem you want to search ");scanf("%c",&c);getchar();LocateLNode(l,n,c);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 5:/*插入已知字符的结点*/printf("Input the elem you want to insert:");scanf("%c",&s);getchar();Insert(l,n,s);n=n+1;printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 6:/*删除第i个结点*/printf("Input which one you want to delete:");scanf("%d",&k);if(k<1||k>n)printf("ERROR!");else{Delete(l,n,k);}n=n-1;getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case 7:/*计算链表长度*/Length(n);printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();clrscr(); /*clear screen*/goto menulab;case0:/*退出链表程序*/printf("Press any key to continue.....");getchar();exit(0);}}/*------------------主函数---------------*/main(){void menu(void);menu();}测试数据与实验结果（可以抓图粘贴）一、顺序表程序抓图及其简要说明菜单选项如下图所示：该菜单由八个函数组成，实现八项功能。
