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2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识十三大专题复习讲义及习题(精编版)一、定语从句1、定义：定语从句是一个置于另一个句子之中，用来修饰某个名词或代词的句子，在句中充当一个定语的作用。
2、从句的关系词：定语从句最常用的就是由 who、which、whose、that等关系词引起的定语从句，其他的还有 whom、what、as、when、where等。
3、主句和从句的连接：把从句和主句连接起来的词，要根据句子的意思一词一词的来；要把从句与主句分开，可用逗号隔开。
二、宾语从句1、定义：宾语从句就是充当主句中宾语的一个句子，由连接词引出，一般前后用逗号隔开。
2、连接词：由以下词汇引出的宾语从句：that、whether、if、what等。
3、注意：如果是由”问句”（疑问词）的话，一般不加连接词；如果宾语从句与主句相隔较远，则从句要用从属连词（that）引出。
三、状语从句1、定义：状语从句是一种由连词引起，用来表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果等概念的句子，在句子中充当一种状语作用。
2、引导词：状语从句最常用的引导词有：when、while、as、since、until、before、after、if、whether、because等。
3、务必注意：时间、地点、条件状语从句切忌混淆，要分清才可正确运用。
四、名词性从句1、定义：名词性从句又称为词性的从句，是一个句子充当主句中的一个名词，它可单独作句子的主语，宾语或表语。
2、从句的连接词：要表达名词性从句的概念，最常采用的就是由关系代词（who, whom, which, that等）、关系副词（when, where, why, how 等）以及由从属连词（if, whether等）引起的名词性从句。
3、注意事项：将其从名词性从句区分开来可用逗号隔开；也要注意主句和从句之间的位置关系，情况不同，连接词可以不同。
五、简单句1、定义：简单句也叫单个句子，是由一个主语和一个谓语动词构成的一句话；当主语是第一人称或三单时，句尾不加to。
简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。
英语中有五种简单句，它们是：Spring is coming. 春天来了。
The soup tastes nice. 这汤味道很鲜。
They reached the village. 他们到达了那个村子。
He gave me a pen. (=He gave a pen to me. )他给了我一支钢笔。
He kept me waiting for two hours.他让我等了两个小时。
例1 (翻译句子)这篇文章是以日记的形式写成的。
___________________________________________________________________________ 解析：在本句中，主语为“这篇文章”，谓语动词为“写成”，表过去，为简单句，且用被动语态。
答案：The article was written in the form of a diary.例2 (翻译句子)我发现那本书很有用。
___________________________________________________________________________ 解析：这个简单句的句式结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。
答案：I find/found the/that book very useful.考点二并列句两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连起来，就构成了并列句。
常用的连接词有：1. 表示并列或顺承关系的有and，not only... but also，both... and，so等。
如：She not only gave us a lot of advice，but also helped us to overcome difficulties. 她不仅给了我们很多建议，而且帮助我们克服了困难。
例Practice more， you’ll learn English better.A. orB. soC. andD. but解析：句意：多练习，你的英语就能学得更好。
一对一辅导教案学生姓名性别年级学科授课教师上课时间年月日第（）次课共（）次课课时：课时教学课题语法专项：简单句&并列句教学目标掌握简单句的形式和结构，正确判别引导词并灵活运用教学重点与难点正确选用感叹句的引导词；特殊疑问句及其回答简单句&并列句在英语中，有简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。
本节课我们复习简单句和并列句。
【简单句】一．陈述句陈述句主要是用来传递信息，提供情况（包括肯定和否定的情况）。
如：He is a designer.▲ 陈述句的基本结构：(1) 主语+谓语如：The sun rises.(2) 主语+谓语+宾语如：I have a book.(3) 主语+连系动词+表语如：He feels happy. Mary is a doctor.(4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语如：She gave me a ticket.(5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语如：He makes me happy.▲ 陈述句的否定(否定句)：否定的陈述句，通常在情态动词、助动词和be动词后面加not。
如：He wanted to stay at home. → ___________________________________I have already seen that movie. → ___________________________________答案：He didn’t wanted to stay at home. I haven’t seen that movie yet.二．疑问句疑问句有四种类型：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句一般疑问句是由yes或no回答的，句子要读升调。
如：—Can you swim to the other side? —Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.—Must he leave now? —Yes, he must. / No, ___________________▲ 一般疑问句的基本结构：be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语/表语+(其他)如：He has bought some hamburgers. → ___________________________________The flowers are planted everywhere. → ___________________________________答案：Has he bought any hamburgers? Are the flowers planted everywhere?2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句以how和what, who, where, when, which, whose, why等疑问词开头，句子读降调。
简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构.2.五种简单句:1)主+谓. He comes at last.2)主+系+表. She is a teacher.The soup tastes nice.3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village.4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen.5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful.考点二并列句并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连接起来;常用的连接词有：1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also不仅….而且….等;She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties.Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded.2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or还是,否则Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off laterWear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold.3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等;He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力;4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等;My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼,因此我去看医生;考点三主从复合句：宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词1引导陈述句用 that在口语和非正式文体中常常省略He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday.2 引导一般疑问句用if或whether.She asked me if\ whether she could join us. whether…or not3 引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词;She asked them what they were doing.2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序;I want to know when the train left.3. 宾语从句的时态1主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句,宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态;He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.(2)主句是过去时态,宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态;They said that they had already finished the work.(3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等,不管主句用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时;He said that light travels faster than sound.3. 练习1She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow”改为含宾语从句的复合句She asked me______ I ______ go to the cinema the next day.2 How lovely the dog is Can you tell me _____A. where did you get itB. where will you get itC. where you got it3 --- Can you tell me _____ your parents at home--- I often wash clothes and sweep the floor.A.how will you helpB. how you helpC. how will you helpD. howdo you help4 When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun ______ rise in the east.考点四状语从句一、状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等;1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where 引导;Put all the things _____they were.A. whereB. whenC. whoseD. which2.时间状语从句主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时时间状语从句的引导词有when, before, after, until, as soon as, since, while, as 等She was cooking when someone knock at the door.What will you do after you finished your homework3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中,常用的引导词有if, unless等;If it dosen’t rain, I” ll go fishing.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有because, as, since既然等He didn’t come because he was ill.Since we are students, we should study hard.Because 和so 不能在一个句子中同时使用;5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so…that…, such…that…引导;It’s so hot that we want to go swimming.That’s such an interesting story that everybody likes it.So… that…与简单句之间的句型转换1）that后的句子是否定句,常用too…to进行转换;He is so young that he can’t go to school. he is too young to go to school.2)that后的句子是肯定句;常用enough to 进行转换;The shirt was so cheap that he bought it. the shirt was cheap enough for him to buy.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that, in order that 等 in order to 简单句Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.He works harder in order that he can go to a good college.7. 让步状语从句引导词有though, although, even if, even though尽管等;He often helps others though\ although he is not rich.They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed.Though, although与but 不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由than, as…as…, not as\so… as等引导;比较级He is more outgoing than I.He ran as fast as Mike.二、练习1. It’s quite common in Britain to say “thank you”to the drivers _____ people get off the bus.a. afterb. sincec. untild. when2. The art club is for members only. You can’t go in ____you are a member.a. unlessb. becausec. ifd. though3. Now many parents send their children to foreign countries, _____ they want them to get a better education.a. untilb. thoughc. because4. ---- What would some students like to do after finishing their education---- They would like to start to work_______ they needn’t depend on their parents completely.a. as soon asb. so thatc. befored. while考点五定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系代词和关系副词;1.关系代词的基本用法The man __________spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 指人作主语The building ___________is being built will be used as a hospital.指物作主语I visited a scientist _______ name is known all over the world. 指人作定语2. 关系代词特殊用法1当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致;He is one of the boys who ______ like playing football.He is the only one of the boys who________ like playing football.2 通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用that而不能用which.1 先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one 等不定代词时2先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;3当先行词被the only, the very, the just等修饰时;4先行词中既有人又有物时;3. 关系副词的基本用法;1 when 在句中作状语,表示时间;2 where 在句中作状语,表示地点;.3 why 在句中作状语,表示原因;He remembers the day _______ he joined the League.This is the reason_______ he is late today.This is the place _______ Lu Xun was born.1. 2011泰安--- _______do you read English newspapers---I read China Daily every day.A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far2.2011抚州John had a short walk after lunch, _______A. did heB. didn't heC. had heD. hadn't he3.2011宁波--- _______do you have an Art Festival in your school---Once a year.A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How soon4.2011安徽省If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _______I.A. doB. amC. willD. should5.2011长沙 _______tall the girl isA. HowB. HowaC. WhatD. What a6.2011长沙 _______ call me Mimi It's my cat's name.A. NotB. Didn'tC. Doesn'tD. Don't7.2011长沙They went to the park yesterday,_______A. don't theyB. didn't theyC. aren't theyD. can't they8.2011福州---Li Mei usually helps others, _______---Yes, she is kind-hearted.A. does sheB. is sheC. doesn't she9.2011眉山There _______an English party in our school tomorrow evening.A. haveB. will haveC. is going to haveD. will be10. 2011济南--- _______a year does your school have sports meetings---Twice a year.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. How many times11. 2011泰州---I have changed my job.---_______.A. So do IB. So have IC. So I doD. So I have12. 2011济南Mike learns a lot about Internet. And _______.A. I don't, eitherB. so do IC. so am I am, too13. 2011眉山Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _______A. does JimB. doesn't JimC. doesn't heD. does he14. 2011玉州You've just finished your listening exam Please getyourself ready for the next part, _______A. shall weB. will youC. do youD. are you15. 2011眉山--- _______the weather like last Monday---It was sunny.A. How wasB. What'sC. What wasD. How is16. 2011潍坊_______great scientist Qian Xuesen isA. HowB. HowaC. WhatD. What a17. 2011眉山--- _______do you visit your grandparents---Once a month.A. How soonB. How longC. How muchD. How often18. 2011内江--- _______ do you speak English so well---Because I practice it with my partner every day.A. WhyB. WhenC. Who19. 2011泉州---We'll go to Qing Yuan Mountain tomorrow. Why _______join us---That's a good idea.A. notB. don'tC. can'tD. didn't20. 2011泉州There is little milk in the glass, _______A. is thereB. isn't thereC. isn't itD. does it21. 2011肇庆The students in Class Two played basketball against ClassOne yesterday,_____A. did theyB. didn't theyC. weren't they22. 2011宁波---What a new computer Can you tell me_______---Just the day before yesterday.A. how much you paid for itB. how much did you pay for itC. when you bought itD. when did you buy it23. 2011泰安---Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.---Yes. But if it _______, we'll play chess instead.A. will rainB. rainedC. is rainingD. rains24. 2011烟台---Do you know this dictionary belongs to---Let me see. Oh, it's_______.A. who does; mineB. who; meC. whose; mineD. who; mine25. 2011杭州Franklin told them all _______to be in Britain again.A. he was how happyB. how happy he wasC. how was he happyD. he was happy how26. 2011湖州---What kind of movies do you like---I like the movies_______ are about Chinese history.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. that27. 2011丽水---Do you know _______---Sorry, I don't have a watch.A. whose watch this isB. whose watch is thisC. what time it isD. what time is it28. 2011重庆The woman asked the policeman where _______.A. the post office isB. the post office wasC. is the post officeD. was the post office29. 2011泰安---Can you guess_______ the new schoolbag yesterday.----Sorry, I've no idea.A. how much did he pay forB. how much he spentC how much he paid for D. how much did he spend30. 2011杭州Who is the man_______ is reading a book over thereA. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what31. 2011湖州---Do you know_______---Next Sunday.A. what they will doB. where they will doC. when they will come hereD. who they will meet32. 2011长沙---Can you tell me why_______---Because I want to help the people there.A. do you go to Tibet西藏B. did you go to TibetC are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet33. 2011浙江省---Linda, could you tell me _______---He is an actor.A. what he doesB. what does he doC where he works D. where does he work34. 2011福州---Could you tell me _______---Sure. The day after tomorrow.A. when will you leave for the U.S.A.B. when Mr. Lee will comeC when your father returned35. 2011济南He asked me_______.A. who did kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the A. PEC meeting heldC when China became a member of the WTOD. where will the 2008 Olympics be held36. 2011玉州Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have everbeen to China.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom37. 2011济宁Can you tell me _______after this examA. what you didB. what did you doC. what will you doD. what you will do38. 2011苏州---Can you tell me how many colours _______ in a rainbow---SevenA. there areB. are thereC. they areD. are they39. 2011潍坊I can't understand _______Apple's iPad 2.A. why are they so mad aboutB. why they are so mad aboutC. how are they so mad aboutD. how they are so mad a。
中考英语语法专题复习13五种简单句、宾语从句、并列句（-）初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。
其中可以分为以下五种：%1主语+不及物动词。
如:I arrived at six last night.%1主语+及物动词+宾语，如：1 bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.%1主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.%1主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.%1主语+系动词+表语，/ill： Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be...句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后而相近的那个名词相一致。
要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。
要注意的有如下儿点：%1用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如： A singer and dancer is coming to our party, a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。
而a singer and a dancer则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
%1有些以s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如：The news is good （news为不可数名词）。
%1有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如:This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.%1有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：People are coming here 这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时，应讲a p oliceman□ 两个警察为two policemen□ 乂如a policewoman, two policewomen%1所有不定代词each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something ...要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：and not only ... but also, neither ... nor, either ... or 如：My sister and my parents arc going to the cinema。
表示转折关系的并列连词寺*: but 和yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如：I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or, either ... or,如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有：for, so 如：They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam（二）在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句（名词性从句）两种，而定语从句（形容词性从句）要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。
我们首先来看宾语从句。
%1在及物动词的后而可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I knew the man,而这时也可以用一个句了来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词TT that, （that只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。
如：1 am sure （that） she has passed the exam%1if, whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。
从句中有。
r not 结构时，要用whether,如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not%1what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：I donl understand what you said (what 作said 的宾语)。
乂如：I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。
%1who,它也和what 一样，在句中除作连接词外，叫以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?%1whose 如：I want to know whose book this is?%1which 如: Do you know which book is mine?在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，①how它的应用最广，如：how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。
如：How much does it cost?② when 它只是连接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin?③ where 它连接地点状语，如：Where are you from?④why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.在考试中i常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。
① 主句谓语动同如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态门J以是任何所需要的时态，如：Iknowhedidnt come.我知道他没来。
I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。
I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。
②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。
比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。
如：I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun(三)状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有：after, before, when, as, as soon as, until (till), while, since, by其中较难掌握的有以下儿点：①until (till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。
如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动同，则要用否定句，如：He didn't go to bed until his mother came back ②由since, for, by, before来弓I导的时间状语从句。
since弓I导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：I have studied English since 1 9 9 0 而ill by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago ③在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。
它们门J 能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一，般过去进行时，如：He said if it rained the nextday he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区.别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如：I want to know if he w山come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow 在原因状语从句中主要是① because,应译为"因为"。
它表达的因果关系最强，如：He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard ②since 应译为”既然"，如：Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk ③ as 应译为”由于”，如：As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与as 所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。
而for表达的因果关系最弱。
它不能用于句首,如：He studies hard, forhe wants to go to college 在比较状语从句中有同级比较as ... as,如：This book is asgood as that one 要注意的有两点：①as ... as中间要用原级而不是比较级°② 用形容词还是副词,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为not as （so） ... as, 如：They didn't work so hard as we did,而不同级比较用比较级加than,如：He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示”越来越”这…概念时有两个句型:① 比较级+ and+比较级，如：Thedays are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful ②定冠词the + 比较级 + the + 比较级，如：The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as （连词）与like （介词）的区别。
