广东省中山市第一中学等七校联合体2016届高三上学期第二次(12月)联考 理科综合试题(word版)

广东七校联合体2016届高三第二次联考试卷英语深圳宝安中学、广东仲元中学、中山一中、南海中学、南海桂城中学、汕头潮阳一中、普宁二中（2015年12月8日）出题人仲元中学黄兰英审题人仲元中学区旭艳第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ATaj Mahal, Agra, IndiaAs many as 28 different varieties of precious stones were used to decorate the outside of the Taj Mahal. Construction took around 20 years. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries(采石场) of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight.Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Akashi Strait, JapanIt took 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan’s mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was by ferry. However, the waterway was at the mercy of severe storms and when two ferries overturned in 1955, killing 168 people, public anger convinced the government of the need for a bridge. It's the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters.Panama Canal, PanamaMore than 4. 5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal’s locks and dams. The Panama Canal is a 47-mile long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble dug to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allows ships to pass through the water. Each lock door weighs 750 tons and each lock fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year.Grand Canyon Skywalk, ArizonaThe Skywalk’s foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds , Located 1,219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon's Sky Walk consists of one millionpounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Sky walk was assembled on site.1.The Japanese government decided to build the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge ___________A in the year of 1955B following public opinionC to show its national powerD to develop Japan’s economy2.The Grand Canyon Skywalk is probably a real challenge for those who __________A are airsickB hate rock climbingC have a fear of heightD feel ill traveling in boat3.In which section of a book can the text probably be seen?A ScienceB AgricultureC TechnologyD GeographyBI am an English dictionary. I can still remember the day my ex-owner bought me. He had stood in front of the shelf for around half an hour before finally picking me. Originally, he chose my neighbor. But because she had some ink on the cover, he put her down and chose me instead.I may sound arrogant (傲慢的) . But please forgive me. I am so proud of my vocabulary. With 100,000 entries and 300,000 examples, I think no scholar can be more knowledgeable than me. My only weakness is that I can’t speak. But that is not my fault. I was not designed to speak in the first place. My ex-owner was supposed to read the phonetic symbols (音标) clearly printed beside each word, which were also my selling point. I should have been respected but have ended up lying next to a piece of used toilet paper inside the rubbish bin.It is all because of the electronic dictionary. He is the bad guy because he takes advantage of my one weakness. And I just don’t understand why he can be so slim. He also has about 100,000entries but 450,000 examples! But I know this was not the reason why my ex-owner was attracted, for he was not a very diligent (勤奋的) student and seldom read the examples listed. The main reason was that the bad guy had so many games in him. My ex-owner always pretended to be working hard while actually he was playing games.My ex-own er put me on his bookshelf because of my awesome English name “Advanced English Dictionary”. He wanted people to think that he was an advanced learner. I wanted to tell him that it would be better if he hid the comic books standing next to me. But, you know, I can’t speak. I stood there for years. I was so bored. So I talked to the comic book next to me. Under normal circumstances, I wouldn’t have talked to him because I was educated and he was not. But who else could I choose? He told me that my ex-owner had read him once only and then put him there. I was upset because he had never read me from page one to page 1,000.Was I not a better book than the comic book? I wanted to challenge his honesty but before I did so, he was thrown away.I give up. My pages are absorbing waste water. There is no way people will use me again. Suddenly, I want to talk to the comic book. Would he talk to me if we met?4. Why does the dictionary think that the electronic dictionary is the “bad guy”?A. I t contains more words and examples.B. It can actually pronounce the words.C. It has a smaller size.D. It has many games.5. The dictionary thinks that its ex-owner put it on the bookshelf because he ______.A. thought that it could match the comic booksB. wanted his friends to study EnglishC. just wanted to show offD. had to use it sometimes6. What was the dictionary’s attitude toward the comic book standing next to it?A. It wanted to make friends with him.B. It respected him.C. It envied him.D. It hated him.7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. A Dictionary Is Replaced with an Electronic OneB. Students Seldom Use DictionariesC. A Dictionary and a Comic BookD. The Experience of a DictionaryCA new study finds that our brains are wired to make music-color connections depending on how the music makes us feel. Mozart’s “Flute Concerto No.1 in G Major” is most often associated with bright yellow and orange, whereas his “Requiem in D Minor”is linked to bluish gray, the findings revealed.US researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, enlisted nearly 100 subjects for a study on music and color. With 37 colors, the UC Berkeley study found that people tend to pair faster-paced music in a major key with lighter, more vivid, yellow colors, whereas slower-paced music in a minor key is more likely to be teamed up with darker, grayer, bluer colors.“Surprisingly, we can predict with 95 percent accuracy how happy or sad the colors people pick will be based on how happy or sad the music is that they are listening to,” said lead author and UC Berkeley vision scientist Stephen Palmer.In three experiments, the subjects listened to 18 classical music pieces that varied in pace(slow, medium, fast) and in major VS minor keys. In the first experiment, participants were asked to pick five of the 37 colors that best matched the music to which they were listening. Separately, they rated each piece of music on a scale of happy to sad, strong to weak, lively to dull, and calm to angry.Next, the research team plans to study particiapants in Turkey where traditional music employs a wider range of scales than just major and minor. “We know that in Mexico and the US the responses are very similar,”Palmer said. “But we don’t yet know about China or Turkey.”8.What can we know about Mozart’s “Flute Concerto No. 1 G Major”?A. It is fast in pace. B It is slow in pace.C. It makes us feel upset. D It makes us feel optimistic.9. What did the US researchers find from the result of the new study?A. There are colors that do not match any music.B. People tend to connect happy colors to slow-paced musicC. There is a one-to-one connection between music and color.D. People nearly do the same in picking colors for different music.10. How did the researchers do the research?A. By making predictions.B. By researching journals.C. By conducting experiments.D. By studying famous musicians.11．According to the text, the research mainly deals with __________A. how colors or music influence our emotionsB. how emotions affect music-color connectionsC. why we have different feelings towards musicD. why we have different feelings towards colorsDWitchcraft（巫术）was not made a capital offence in Britain until 1563 though it was disapproved by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. From 1484 until around 1750, some 200,000 witches（女巫）were burnt or hanged in Western Europe.Most supposed witches were usually old women, and always poor. Any who were unfortunate enough to be an old woman with broken teeth, sunken cheeks and sockets and a hairy lip were assumed to possess the “Evil Eye”. It was more the case if they also had a cat.Many unfortunate women were taken away on this sort of evidence and hanged.Witch fever held East Anglia for 14 terrible months between 1645—1646. A man called Matthew Hopkins, an unsuccessful lawyer, contributed a lot! He became known as the “Witchfinder General”. He had 68 people put to death in Bury St. Edmunds alone, and 19 hanged at Chelmsfor in a single day. After Chelmsford he set off for other countries. Much of Matthew Hopkins theories of telling a witch were based on Devil’s Marks. He took a small mark to be a Devil’s Mark and he used his “needle” to see if these marks were insensitive to pain. His “needle” was basically a trick so the unfortunate women never felt any pain.There were other tests for witches. Mary Sutton of Bedford was put to the swimming test. With her thumbs tied to opposite big toes she was thrown into the river. If she floated she was guilty; if she sank, innocent. Poor Mary floated!Though many of the acts againsts witchcraft were put to an end in 1736, witch hunting still went on. In 1863, a suspected male witch was drowned in a pond in Headingham, Essex and 1945 the body of an elderly farm laborer was found near the village of Meon Hill in Warwickshire. His throat had been cut and his body was pinned to the earth. The murder remains unsolved; however, the man was said, locally, to be a male witch. It seems that belief in witchcraft has not entirely died out.12.A female witch was often found to be ________A. a young ladyB. a lucky womanC. an ugly womanD. a blind girl13. Matthew Hopkins can be best described as __________A. kind and smartB. tricky and mercilessC. successful and niceD. famous and fortunate14. Why did people throw Mary into the river?A. To take her life.B. To tell if she was a witchC. To test her swimming skills.D. To prove that she was guilty15. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Witches are still badly treated all over the world.B. Witches were terribly treated in the European history.C. Some people still have been using magic in daily lives.D. There have always been people believing in witchcraft第二节（共5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

广东省七校联合体2016届高三第二次联考试卷文科综合第I卷本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，满分140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

按照联合国的传统标准，一个地区60岁以上老人达到总人口的10%，或65岁老人占总人口的7%，即该地区视为进入老龄化社会。

老年人口占总人口的比例越高，人口老龄化程度越高。

读图，完成1～2题。

1．在t1～t3阶段，人口老龄化城乡差异的主要成因是A．农村人口自然增长率高于城市B．不少地区出现了逆城市化现象C．农村劳动力迁入城市D．城市老年人口死亡率高于农村2．2015年10月，中共十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报指出：促进人口均衡发展，坚持计划生育的基本国策，完善人口发展战略，全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策，积极开展应对人口老龄化行动。

2025年前，实施该政策的影响有A．改变我国人口增长的模式B．影响劳动力人口的职业构成C．降低老年人口的数量D．减轻家庭及社会的养老负担每年的5月31日前后，日落时的金色阳光洒满美国纽约曼哈顿（40°N，74°W）的所有某走向的街道，呈现一幅壮观的景象，即“曼哈顿悬日”现象。

图2表示此时阳光与街道的位置关系。

据此回答3～5题。

3．5月31日，曼哈顿的人们欣赏“悬日”景观时，下列现象可能的是A．全球6月1日的范围约占一半B．巴黎埃菲尔铁塔一天中影子最短C．天安门广场正举行升旗仪式D．智利圣地亚哥（西五区）夕阳西下4．曼哈顿出现“悬日”现象的街道走向与下列山脉走向大致相同的是A．太行山B．秦岭C．横断山D．祁连山5．曼哈顿该走向街道，日落时会出现同样“悬日”现象的另一日期，可能是A．7月12日前后B．9月10日前后C．12月5日前后D．1月8日前后海绵城市是指城市能够像海绵一样，在适应环境变化和应对自然灾害等方面具有良好的“弹性”，下雨时吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水，需要时将蓄存的水“释放”并加以利用。

广东省七校联合体2016届高三第二次联考试卷数学文参加学校：宝安中学潮阳一中桂城中学南海中学普宁二中中山一中仲元中学本试卷共4 页,21 小题,满分150 分.考试时间120 分钟.注意事项:1．答卷前,考生务必填写答题卷上的有关项目．2．选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答案涂在答题卷相应的位置上．3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内；如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答的答案无效．一、选择题：本大题共12 小题，每小题5 分，共60 分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．复数z＝ (2 +3i)i的实部是（）A．2 B．－2 C．3 D．－32．已知点P(cosα, tanα,)在第二象限，则角α,的终边在（）A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限3．设曲线y＝ax2在点（1，a）处的切线与直线2x－y －6 ＝ 0平行，则a ＝（）A．1 B． C．－- D．－14．某几何体的三视图如右图所示，则其体积为（）A．B.C．pD．p5．设等比数列的前n项和为，则（）A．0 B．1 C．－2011 D．20116．已知向量（）C．5 D．257．下列说法不正确的是（）A．若“p 且q ”为假，则p 、q 至少有一个是假命题B．命题C．“φ= ”是“y=sin（2x+φ）为偶函数”的充要条件D．a＜0 时，幂函数y=x a 在（0，+∞）上单调递减8. 已知函数f (x) ＝2014a sin x+2015bx3+2016 ，记f (x) 的导函数为f ' (x) ，则f (2015) + f (－2015) + f '(2016) －f '(－2016) ＝（）A. 4030B. 4028C. 4032D. 09．若以连续两次骰子分别得到的点数m,n 作为点P 的横、纵坐标，则点P 在直线x+y=5 左下方的概率为（）10．已知椭圆，双曲线和抛物线y 2 ＝2 px (p＞0)的离心率分别为e1，e2，e3，则（）11．图1 是某小区100 户居民月用电等级的条形图，记月用电量为一级的用户数为A1，月用电量为二级的用户数为A2，……，以此类推，用电量为六级的用户数为A6，图2 是统计图1 中居民月用电量在一定级别范围内的用户数的一个算法流程图．根据图1 提供的信息，则图2 中输出的S 值为（）A．82 B．70 C．48 D．3012. 若直线y ＝k(x +1)(k ＞ 0) 与函数y ＝｜sin x｜的图象恰有六个公共点，其中，则有（）二、填空题：本大题共4 小题，每小题5 分，共20 分.13．已知函数f(x)＝＋6，则f(f(9))＝________.14．已知等差数列满足．则数列的通项公式________.15．某商场为了了解毛衣的月销售量y （件）与月平均气温x （℃）之间的关系，随机统计了某4 个月的月销售量与当月平均气温，其数据如下表：由表中数据算出线性回归方程中的＝－2，气象部门预测下个月的平均气温约为7℃，据此估计该商场下个月毛衣销售量约为________件．16．若函数f （x）=2x2-lnx 在其定义域内的一个子区间(k-1，k+1)内不是单调函数，则实数k 的取值范围是________.三、解答题（本大题共 8 小题，考生作答6 小题，共70 分．解答须写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）.17．（本小题满分12 分）已知函数f (x) ＝2sin x(cos x－sin x) +1, x R．（1）求f (x)的最小正周期及单调递增区间；（8分）（2）若, ，求f (x)的最大值和最小值．（4分）18．（本小题满分12 分）某大学餐饮中心为了解新生的饮食习惯，在全校一年级学生中进行了抽样调查，调查结果如下表所示：(1)根据表中数据，问是否有95%的把握认为“南方学生和北方学生在选用甜品的饮食习惯方面有差异”；（5 分）(2)已知在被调查的北方学生中有5 名数学系的学生，其中2 名喜欢甜品，现在从这5 名学生中随机抽取2人，求至少有1 人喜欢甜品的概率．（7 分）19．（本小题满分12 分）已知平行四边形ABCD中，AB ＝ 4，E为AB的中点，且△ADE是等边三角形，沿DE 把△ADE 折起至A1 DE 的位置，使得A1 C ＝4．（1）F 是线段A1 C的中点，求证：BF //平面A1 DE ；（4 分）（2）求证：A 1 D ⊥CE ；（4 分）（3）求点A1到平面BCDE 的距离．（4 分）F20．（本小题满分12 分）已知椭圆E的两个焦点分别为F1 (－1,0)和F2(1,0)，离心率（1）求椭圆E 的方程；（4 分）（2）设直线l : y ＝x +m(m≠0)与椭圆E 交于A、B 两点，线段AB 的垂直平分线交x 轴于点T，当m 变化时，求△TAB 面积的最大值. （8 分）21．（本小题满分12 分）已知函数f (x) ＝x + a ln x．（1）当a ＝1时，求曲线y ＝f (x)在点(1, f (1))处的切线方程；（4分）（2）求f (x)的单调区间；（4分）（3）若函数f (x)没有零点，求实数a 的取值范围．（4分）请考生在第22，23，24 题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题记分.作答时把小题后相应的矩形涂黑.22．（本小题满分10 分）选修4-1：几何证明选讲如图，⊙O和⊙O/相交于A，B两点，过A 作两圆的切线分别交两圆于C，D 两点，连接DB 并延长交⊙O于点E.(1) 证明：；（5分）(2) 若AD=4, AC ＝ 2AB ,求DE. （5分）23．（本小题满分10 分）选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程已知圆C1的参数方程为参数），以坐标原点为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，直线C2的极坐标方程为(1)把圆C1, C2 的方程化为普通方程；（5 分）(2) 求圆C1,上的点到直线C2的距离的最大值．（5 分）2 4．(本小题满分10 分)选修4-5：不等式选讲设aÎR，f （x）＝｜x－a｜＋（1－a）x，（1）解关于a的不等式f （2）＜0；（4分）（2）如果f （x）≥0恒成立，求实数a的取值范围．（6分）广东省七校联合体2016届高三第二次联考试卷数学文参加学校：宝安中学潮阳一中桂城中学南海中学普宁二中中山一中仲元中学本试卷共4 页,21 小题,满分150 分.考试时间120 分钟.注意事项:1．答卷前,考生务必填写答题卷上的有关项目．2．选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答案涂在答题卷相应的位置上．3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内；如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答的答案无效．一、选择题：本大题共12 小题，每小题5 分，共60 分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．复数z＝ (2 +3i)i的实部是（）A．2 B．－2 C．3 D．－32．已知点P(cosα, tanα,)在第二象限，则角α,的终边在（）A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限3．设曲线y＝ax2在点（1，a）处的切线与直线2x－y －6 ＝ 0平行，则a ＝（）A．1 B． C．－- D．－14．某几何体的三视图如右图所示，则其体积为（）A．B.C．pD．p5．设等比数列的前n项和为，则（）A．0 B．1 C．－2011 D．20116．已知向量（）C．5 D．257．下列说法不正确的是（）A．若“p 且q ”为假，则p 、q 至少有一个是假命题B．命题C．“φ= ”是“y=sin（2x+φ）为偶函数”的充要条件D．a＜0 时，幂函数y=x a 在（0，+∞）上单调递减8. 已知函数f (x) ＝2014a sin x+2015bx3+2016 ，记f (x) 的导函数为f ' (x) ，则f (2015) + f (－2015) + f '(2016) －f '(－2016) ＝（）A. 4030B. 4028C. 4032D. 09．若以连续两次骰子分别得到的点数m,n 作为点P 的横、纵坐标，则点P 在直线x+y=5 左下方的概率为（）10．已知椭圆，双曲线和抛物线y 2 ＝2 px (p＞0)的离心率分别为e1，e2，e3，则（）11．图1 是某小区100 户居民月用电等级的条形图，记月用电量为一级的用户数为A1，月用电量为二级的用户数为A2，……，以此类推，用电量为六级的用户数为A6，图2 是统计图1 中居民月用电量在一定级别范围内的用户数的一个算法流程图．根据图1 提供的信息，则图2 中输出的S 值为（）A．82 B．70 C．48 D．3012. 若直线y ＝k(x +1)(k ＞ 0) 与函数y ＝｜sin x｜的图象恰有六个公共点，其中，则有（）二、填空题：本大题共4 小题，每小题5 分，共20 分.13．已知函数f(x)＝＋6，则f(f(9))＝________.14．已知等差数列满足．则数列的通项公式________.15．某商场为了了解毛衣的月销售量y （件）与月平均气温x （℃）之间的关系，随机统计了某4 个月的月销售量与当月平均气温，其数据如下表：由表中数据算出线性回归方程中的＝－2，气象部门预测下个月的平均气温约为7℃，据此估计该商场下个月毛衣销售量约为________件．16．若函数f （x）=2x2-lnx 在其定义域内的一个子区间(k-1，k+1)内不是单调函数，则实数k 的取值范围是________.三、解答题（本大题共 8 小题，考生作答6 小题，共70 分．解答须写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）.17．（本小题满分12 分）已知函数f (x) ＝2sin x(cos x－sin x) +1, x R．（1）求f (x)的最小正周期及单调递增区间；（8分）（2）若, ，求f (x)的最大值和最小值．（4分）18．（本小题满分12 分）某大学餐饮中心为了解新生的饮食习惯，在全校一年级学生中进行了抽样调查，调查结果如下表所示：(1)根据表中数据，问是否有95%的把握认为“南方学生和北方学生在选用甜品的饮食习惯方面有差异”；（5 分）(2)已知在被调查的北方学生中有5 名数学系的学生，其中2 名喜欢甜品，现在从这5 名学生中随机抽取2人，求至少有1 人喜欢甜品的概率．（7 分）19．（本小题满分12 分）已知平行四边形ABCD中，AB ＝ 4，E为AB的中点，且△ADE是等边三角形，沿DE 把△ADE 折起至A1 DE 的位置，使得A1 C ＝4．（1）F 是线段A1 C的中点，求证：BF //平面A1 DE ；（4 分）（2）求证：A 1 D ⊥CE ；（4 分）（3）求点A1到平面BCDE 的距离．（4 分）F20．（本小题满分12 分）已知椭圆E的两个焦点分别为F1 (－1,0)和F2(1,0)，离心率（1）求椭圆E 的方程；（4 分）（2）设直线l : y ＝x +m(m≠0)与椭圆E 交于A、B 两点，线段AB 的垂直平分线交x 轴于点T，当m 变化时，求△TAB 面积的最大值. （8 分）21．（本小题满分12 分）已知函数f (x) ＝x + a ln x．（1）当a ＝1时，求曲线y ＝f (x)在点(1, f (1))处的切线方程；（4分）（2）求f (x)的单调区间；（4分）（3）若函数f (x)没有零点，求实数a 的取值范围．（4分）请考生在第22，23，24 题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题记分.作答时把小题后相应的矩形涂黑.22．（本小题满分10 分）选修4-1：几何证明选讲如图，⊙O和⊙O/相交于A，B两点，过A 作两圆的切线分别交两圆于C，D 两点，连接DB 并延长交⊙O于点E.(1) 证明：；（5分）(2) 若AD=4, AC ＝ 2AB ,求DE. （5分）23．（本小题满分10 分）选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程已知圆C1的参数方程为参数），以坐标原点为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，直线C2的极坐标方程为(1)把圆C1, C2 的方程化为普通方程；（5 分）(2) 求圆C1,上的点到直线C2的距离的最大值．（5 分）2 4．(本小题满分10 分)选修4-5：不等式选讲设aÎR，f （x）＝｜x－a｜＋（1－a）x，（1）解关于a的不等式f （2）＜0；（4分）（2）如果f （x）≥0恒成立，求实数a的取值范围．（6分）。

广东省中山一中等七校联合体2016届高三化学第二次联考试题（含解析）可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Mg 24Br 80 S 32 K 39 Mn 55选择题共21题，共126分一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

7．下列说法错误的是A．为使水果保鲜，可在水果箱内放入高锰酸钾溶液浸泡过的硅藻土B．PM2.5表面积大，能吸附大量的有毒、有害物质C．高纯硅在太阳能电池及信息高速传输中有重要应用D．从海水中提取物质不一定要通过化学反应实现【答案】C考点：化学与生活8．N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述正确的是A．标准状况下，22.4LCl2完全溶于水时转移的电子数为N AB．1 mol 羟基(－OH)含有的电子数为9N AC．100g30%醋酸溶液中氢原子数为2N AD．100mL水中OH-的个数是10-8N A【答案】B【解析】试题分析：A、氯气和水的反应是可逆反应，标准状况下，22.4LCl2物质的量是1mol，完全溶于水时转移的电子数小于N A，A错误；B、1 mol 羟基(－OH)含有的电子数为9N A，B正确；C、100g30%醋酸，醋酸30g,其物质的量为30/60=0.5mol,氢原子数2N A，但是水中也有氢原子，所以溶液中氢原子数大于2N A，C错误；D、温度未知，无法求得水的电离程度，D 错误。

答案选B。

考点：阿伏加德罗常数9．下列离子反应方程式正确的是A．向Ca(HCO3)2溶液加入过量的NaOH溶液：Ca2++HCO3-+OH-=CaCO3↓+H2OB．向NH4HCO3溶液中滴入少量NaOH溶液：NH4++OH-=NH3·H2OC． FeSO4溶液在空气中变黄色：4Fe2+＋O2＋4H+＝4Fe3+＋2H2OD．用NaOH溶液吸收NO2气体：3NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO3+NO↑+H2O【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A、向Ca(HCO3)2溶液加入过量的NaOH溶液正确的离子反应为Ca2++2HCO3-+2OH-=CaCO3↓+2H2O+ CO32-，A错误；B、向NH4HCO3溶液中滴入少量NaOH 溶液正确的离子反应为 HCO3-+OH–= CO32–+H2O，B错误；C、FeSO4 溶液在空气中变黄色正确的离子反应为4Fe2+＋O2＋4H+＝4Fe3+＋2H2O，C正确；D、用NaOH溶液吸收NO2气体正确的离子反应为3NO2＋2NaOH＝2NaNO3＋NO↑＋H2O； NO2＋NO＋2NaOH＝2NaNO2＋H2O，D错误。

2016-2017学年广东省中山一中等七校联合体高三（上）第二次月考英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________I、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)ADOGS DRIVE CARAuckland，New ZealandAfter two months of learning，Monty，and Porter were able to drive an automobile around a racetrack．"We wanted to prove how smart rescue dogs are，"animal behaviorist Mark Vette says．Vette first used voice commands and treats to teach the dogs how to turn a steering wheel and how to change gear （换挡）．The dogs'ride only accelerated up to 7.5miles an hour，and trainers could stop the auto using a remote control．GOLDEN ZEBRAKailua-Kona，HawaiiZoe the zebra's markings are special．The animal has white and golden stripes．Zoe's appearance resulted from a rare condition called amelanosis （黑素缺失症）．Her body doesn't make enough melanin，the substance in an animal's skin and hair cells that produces color．"Only 25other golden zebras are known to exist in the world，"says Ann Goody，who runs the wildlife refuge where Zoe lives．In the wild，life may be difficult for animals with amelanosis because predators （捕猎者）can easily spot them．But Zoe is protected at her refuge．COCKATOO MAKES TOOLSVienna，AustriaWhen Figaro the cockatoo spots food lying just out of reach from his cage，he builds a tiny wooden tool to sweep the tasty prize in his way．The bird first revealed his talent when a stone he was playing with rolled out of his cage．The cockatoo couldn't reach the stone．So he flew away and returned with a small branch，slipping it through the fence to slide the stone toward him．Wondering if he would do it again，scientists placed a nut exactly where the stone had been．This time，Figaro pulled out a small piece of wood in his cage and dragged the nut toward him．1.If Zoe the zebra is set free in the wild，she will ______ ．A.meet no natural predatorsB.not get along with other zebrasC.manage to make enough melaninD.be easily found for her appearance2.What's special about Figaro the cockatoo？______A.He is particular about his food．B.He is extremely fond of stones．C.He is good at drawing support from outside forces．D.He can tell the difference between stones and nuts．3.What is the text mainly about？______A.Amazing animals．B.Ways to help animals．C.Animals'unique talents．D.Tips on training animals．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】A【解析】21．D，细节理解题，根据GOLDEN ZEBRA中Zoe's appearance resulted from a rare condition called amelanosis （黑素缺失症）．In the wild，life may be difficult for animals with amelanosis because predators （捕猎者）can easily spot them可知Zoe the zebra被放在野外捕猎者很容易根据它们的外表发现它们，关键词为easily spot和easily found，故答案为D．22．C，推理判断题，根据COCKATOO MAKES TOOLS中he builds a tiny wooden tool to sweep the tasty prize in his way"他建立了一个微小的木制工具来扫他在路上的美味奖"，he flew away and returned with a small branch，slipping it through the fence to slide the stone toward him．"它飞走了，带着一个小树枝回来，把树枝穿过篱笆向他滑动石头"，This time，Figaro pulled out a small piece of wood in his cage and dragged the nut toward him可看出，他擅长于外部力量的支持，故答案为C．23．A，主旨大意题，通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了会开车的狗狗、与众不同的金斑马和会使用工具的凤头鹦鹉三种不可思议的动物，故选A．本文介绍了三种令人惊讶的动物．细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章．对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案．此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间．寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解．BDriving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerve-racking （神经紧张的）．I had never been to such an amazing national park before，yet I wasn't the most athletic person so I knew that I couldn't stick through all the hiking up and down．It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience．The ride there was definitely long but worth it．As I woke up from my nap，I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams．The trails were made nicely for visitors．The waterfalls were breathtaking．Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts．Even though I fell a couple of times，I still have a lot of fun．The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together．The great thing about nature is that，it's just you，the views，and the people around you．There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself．Yosemite has 5of the world's highest waterfalls，and about 300lakes．The structure of each mountain is incredible；it's formed in ways that almost take your breath away．Some of them are of a deep dark color with waterfalls forming；some are formed with spots of green peeking （窥探）out．It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss．Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends．It's a great time to bond，laugh，and take in what Mother Nature offers．4.The author writes the first paragraph mainly to ______ ．A.introduce the topic of this passageB.offer an example to usC.tell us his future plan for hikingD.describe a national park5.While climbing up rocks，the author was ______ ．A.nerve-rackingB.injuredC.pleasedD.worried6.According to the passage，Yosemite ______ ．A.is crowded with visitors every dayB.is the only great National ParkC.is worth travelling toD.is nothing but a common destination7.The author suggests us ______ ．A.keeping a good bond with other peopleB.visiting Yosemite now and thenC.trying to protect the environmentD.going out to enjoy the beauty of nature．【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】C 【小题4】D【解析】24．A 写作意图题，根据第一段It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience．可知作者通过本段引出下文，进入主题，故选A．25．C 细节理解题，根据第二段Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts．Even though I fell a couple of times，I still have a lot of fun．The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying t o find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together可知作者喜欢爬山，他在爬山时是很开心的，故选C．26．C 细节理解题，根据最后一段It's a great time to bond，laugh，and take in what Mother Nature offers．可知Yosemite是一个值得我们去旅游的地方，故选C．27．D 推理判断题，根据最后一段I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends可知作者建议我们到外面去欣赏大自然的风光，故选D．本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了自己与家人一起去Yosemite公园的经历．考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．CShould we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？In order to answer this question，we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area．Not all historical buildings are attractive．However，theremay be other reasons-for example，economic reasons-why they should be preserved．So，let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people．What should we do then if a new building is needed？In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style．Indeed，there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings．As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate （影响）its surroundings too much，it often improves the attractiveness of the area．It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt （破坏）the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too．Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas．I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative （保守的）and do not like change．Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings，I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to ______ ．If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves．Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky choice．8.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph？______A.Most of them are too expensive to preserve．B.They are more pleasing than modern buildings．C.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area．D.Some of them are not attractive．9.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author？______A.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in．B.We should reproduce the same old buildings．C.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings．D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings．10.By"move things forward"in the last paragraph，the author probably means" ______ "．A.destroy old buildingsB.put things in a different placeC.choose new architectural styleD.respect people's feelings for historical buildings11.What is the main purpose of the passage？______A.To explain why people dislike change．B.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas．C.To warn that we could end up living in caves．D.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings．【答案】【小题1】move things forward 【小题2】D 【小题3】A 【小题4】C【解析】28．D 细节题：根据第一段的句子：not all historical buildings are attractive．这是部分否定的句子，可知一些历史建筑不够有吸引力，所以选D．29．A 推理题：根据第三段的第一个句子：It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt （破坏）the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too．新建筑破坏了古建筑，而古建筑也是这样，可知作者认为一些历史建筑将他们生活的地方破坏了，所以选A．30．C 句意理解题：根据文章第四段的句子：If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves．如果建筑师不改变建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面，可知"moving things forward"意思是"选择新的建筑风格"，所以选C．31．B 写作意图题：根据文章第一段的第一个的句子：Should we allow modern buildings to‑be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？可知这篇文章是论证现代的建筑可以建在历史遗迹的地方，所以选B．文章是对于现在人们经常讨论的问题-是否现代的建筑应该和古老的历史建筑在一起---进行阐述，在作者看来历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不能因为历史建筑破坏我们的生活．本篇文章主旨句即在第一段．因此考生要重视文章的标题和文章的首句，因为文章的标题或首句往往就是文章的主题，有利于考生理解全文内容．DLove to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school？Then you will not be happyto hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all-Yes，that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty？Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity．While that may seem a little far-fetched （牵强的）the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree．Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas，who recently completed a week-long experiment involving 480students across three elementary schools．The 374kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period．All 25teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better，when allowed to stand．The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades．They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to"sit still"，older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom．American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks．Four Catholic schools in Perth，Australia，which have been testing them since October 2013，have seen similar results．In May 2014，Grove House Primary School in Bradford，West Yorkshire，became Europe's first test one，with a seven-week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms．While official results are not out yet，early reactions from both teachers and students，have been extremely encouraging．The findings of these studies and others done previously，all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers-it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience．12.The students may be unhappy because ______ ．A.they have to exchange desks with each otherB.the officials show no sympathy to them at allC.there are no seats for them to sit in classD.they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats13.Older students may not like stand-up desks because ______ ．A.they are cleverer than younger studentsB.they are easily tired of standing longC.they have formed the habit of sittingD.they do badly in class while standing14.What is most likely to be the result of the seven-week trial？______A.The standing desks can't be used at all．B.It is good for students to use stand-up desks．C.More tests should be done in other schools．D.The students are different in personality．15.Why do the teachers like the standing desks？______A.Because the educators can draw the students'attention．B.Because the teachers can keep the students healthy．C.Because the students can have a walk in the classroom．D.Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated．【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】C 【小题3】B 【小题4】D【解析】CCBD32．C 考查细节题．根据第一段第二、三句"schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all-Yes，that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!"．说明教室没有座位坐，学生要站着上课．故选C．33．C 考查细节题．根据第三段They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to"sit still"，older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom．可知，年纪稍大的孩子由于多年坐着的习惯，所以不喜欢这种站着上课的桌子，故选C．34．B 推理判断题．第五段最后一句"The findings of these studies and others done previously，all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers-it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience．"这些研究和之前的研究发现让学生在教室走动对老师和学生来说是双赢的．选B．35．D 推理判断题．根据第三段All 25teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better，when allowed to stand．和最后一句it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience．可知老师们喜欢这种桌子是因为学生们上课更专心，注意力更集中．故选D．文章为说明类，介绍教育专家在学校实施一项调查，让学生站着上课，有利于学生健康，收到较好的反应．考查文化教育类短文阅读．涉及到细节比较多，解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源．同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息．II、信息匹配(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others．（36）______ If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing，then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts．Don't get in the center of the conflict．Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help．Frankly speaking，it is very unwise，because it can make you the main figure of theconflict．（37）______ You should focus on your own life issues．Be kind．（38）______ Life is full of conflicts and disagreements，that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them．For example，kindness can lessen the conflict．Try to be a peacekeeper．Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts．"（39）______ "This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper．Don't worry if you are not a natural-born peacekeeper；you can gain this skill during life．Walk off．When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself，you should choose to handle the situation in another way．By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress．（40）______ You should get away from the situation for a while．A．The greatest victory is a battle not fought．B．Conflicts are unavoidable，so try to accept them．C．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support．D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence．E．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent．F．When someone pushes you to the limit，try to act kindly towards this person．G．Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree．16.17.18.19.20.【答案】【小题1】G 【小题2】D 【小题3】F 【小题4】A 【小题5】E【解析】答案：GDFAE36：G．根据It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others以及下文暗示可知，只有知道了冲突的严重危害，我们才能想方法去避免它，故选G．37：D．根据You should focus on your own life issues可知，你应该专注于你自己生活中的事，所以建议不要涉及到冲突当中，故选D．38：F．根据kindness can lessen the conflict可知，善意可以减少冲突，故选F．39：A．结合前后文，这里是试着当一个和平守护者，即"The greatest victory is a battle not fought"，故选A．40：E．根据try to keep yourself away from stress可知，让自己试着与冲突或对手保持距离，故选E．本文主要介绍了集中有效避免冲突的方法．选句填空一般是介绍方法和建议的文章．应先略读全文，然后再结合前后文的暗示，选出符合语境的答案．III、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever．I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast．While we were ( 21 ) ，Kurt asked me，"John，what is your ( 22 ) for personal growth？"Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life that might ( 23 ) for growth．I told him about the many activities in which I was ( 24 ) ．And I went into a ( 25 ) about how hard I worked and the gains I was making．I must have talked for ten minutes．Kurt ( 26 ) patiently，but then he ( 27 ) smiled and said，"You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？""No，I ( 28 ) ．""You know，"Kurt said simply，"growth is not a（n）( 29 ) process．"And that's when it ( 30 ) me．I wasn't doing anything ( 31 ) to make myself better．And at that moment，I made the ( 32 ) ：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my ( 33 ) ．That night，I talked to my wife about my ( 34 ) with Kurt and what I had learned．I ( 35 ) her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling．We ( 36 ) that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale．He was offering a ( 37 ) for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams．Several important things happened that day．First，we decided to ( 38 ) the resources．But more importantly，we made a commitment to ( 39 ) together as a couple．From that day on，we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together．It was a ( 40 ) decision．While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together．21.A.working B.preparing C.thinking D.eating22.A.suggestion B.demand C.plan D.request23.A.appeal B.look C.call D.qualify24.A.involved B.trapped C.lost D.bathed25.A.lecture B.speech C.discussion D.debate26.A.calculated B.listened C.drank D.explained27.A.eagerly B.gradually C.gratefully D.finally28.A.admitted B.interrupted C.apologized plained29.A.automatic B.slow C.independent D.changing30.A.confused rmed C.pleased D.hit31.A.on loan B.on purpose C.on sale D.on balancement B.announcement C.decision D.arrangement33.A.life B.progress C.performance D.investment34.A.contract B.conversation C.negotiation D.argument35.A.lent B.sold C.showed D.offered36.A.recalled B.defined C.recognized D.declared37.A.tool mitment C.way D.rule38.A.provide B.buy C.give D.deliver39.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather40.A.difficult B.random C.firm D.wise【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】A 【小题5】B【小题6】B 【小题7】D 【小题8】A 【小题9】A 【小题10】D【小题11】B 【小题12】C 【小题13】A 【小题14】B 【小题15】C【小题16】C 【小题17】C 【小题18】B 【小题19】A 【小题20】D【解析】DCDA B BDAAD BCABC CCBAD41．D．考查动词辨析．根据"for breakfast"，可知我在吃早饭的时候遇见了Kurt．故D 项符合语境．42．C．考查名词辨析．根据42空后"You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？"（对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧？）可知 Kurt在问我个人成长计划是什么．故C 项正确．43．D．考查动词短语辨析．动词appeal呼吁，吸引（通常与to连用）；look for寻找；call for需要，需要；qualify for有资格，能胜任；当Kurt提出这个问题的时候，我努力找出一些个人生活中与成长有关的事情．与ABC三项的语义不搭配．故D正确．44．A 考查形容词短语．本句是定语从句，介词in提前至关系代词which之前．形容词短语be involved in参与…；卷入…；be trapped in被困在…中；be lost in沉浸于…；be bathed in被…笼罩；我告诉他很多我所参加的活动．根据句意可知A正确．45．B 考查名词辨析．lecture讲课，训话；speech演说，演讲；discussion讨论；debate 辩论；争论．我在发表关于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大的成就的演讲．与讨论、争论及讲课无关．故B正确．46．B 考查上下文串联．动词calculate计算，估算；listen听；drink喝；explain解释；我讲了十几分钟自己的个人努力及成就，Kurt在耐心的听我说．故B正确．47．D 考查副词辨析．A．eagerlyB．graduallyC．gratefullyD．finally 终于；耐心地听我讲了很长时间，最后他笑着对我说：对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧？故D正确．48．A 考查动词辨析．"You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？"是一个否定的反义疑问句，在回答的时候"No"翻译为"是的"．说明我承认自己并没有个人成长计划．故A项正确．49．A 考查形容词辨析．automatic自动的；slow缓慢的；independent独立的；changing 不断变化的；Kurt告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程，一定要有计划性，有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长．从那以后我意识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变．故选A项．50．D 考查动词辨析．Kurt的话触动了我，我的确没有有意识地做一些事情让自己变得更好．故D项正确．51．B 考查介词辨析．on loan暂借；on purpose故意地；on sale降价出售；on balance 总的来说．他的话让我意识到自己的确没有有意识地做一些让自己变得更好的事情．故B项正确．52．C 考查名词辨析．comment评论；announceent通告；decision决定；arrangement 安排．此处是说，我做出了一个决定：要为我的生活做一个个人的成长计划．故C项正确．53．A 考查上下文串联．名词life生活；progress进步；performance表现；investment 投资；根据what is your 37for personal growth？可知这个计划是为个人成长计划，是与个人生活有关的计划．BCD三项都属于A项的范围．故A正确．54．B 考查上下文串联．名词contract合同，契约；conversation对话；negotiation谈判；协商；argument争论；根据文章前两段可知我和Kurt在吃早饭的时候，进行了一次关于个人成长计划的谈话．故B正确．55．C 考查动词辨析．A．lent借出；B．sold卖；C．showed展示；D．offered提供．我向妻子展示了Kurt正在出售的书和磁带．我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法．故ABD三项语义不搭配．故C正确．56．C 考查动词辨析．A．recalled回想起；B．defined使明确；C．recognized意识到；D．declared宣布．我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法．根据句意可知C项正确．57．C 考查名词辨析．Kurt给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法．B项的介词搭配错误．故C正确．58．B 考查上下文串联．根据文章前一段可知我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法．说明我们认可了他的观点，所以我们购买了他的书和磁带等资源．故B正确．59．A．考查动词辨析．根据句意在kurt的影响下，我和妻子一起成长，共同进步；故选A．60．D 考查形容词辨析．由While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together．可知我和妻子一起成长．说明他的资源对我们有很大的帮助，我们做出的是一个明智的决定．故D项正确．本文属于记叙文阅读，如果我们要成功，就需要有详细的个人成长计划，在kurt的影响下，我和妻子一起成长，取得了很好的个人成绩．完形填空的首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题．细读首句可启示全文．而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结．所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用．因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索．一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的．先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么．若首句交代了when，where，who，what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味．IV、信息匹配(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)41.My husband and I were paying a visit（61）______ my parents in Tucson．We went to a fast-food restaurant for dinner together．My h usband went to the counter（61）______ （order） dishes and I stood with my parents．My dad is 90years old．He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick．I was scanning t he restaurant，（63）______ （wait） to sit at the first table that was（64）______ （convenient） than others．A woman who was sitting with her son made eye cont act with me and asked me to come to her．With a （65）______ （puzzle） look on my face，I pointed to myself and said，"Me？"She （66）______ （nod） and said，"Yes，you．"I walked to the table and she said，"Bring your family here．I can finish eating at the counter．My son is in （67）______ hurry to leave anyway．"My eyes（68）______ （fill） with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat．I always believe that there are （69）______ （nature） kind people in this world．This woman has set a good example to her son，（70）______ is a really lucky guy．【答案】to；to order；waiting；more convenient；puzzled；nodded；a；were filled；naturally；who【解析】61．to 考查固定搭配：pay a visit to意为"对---的访问"，是固定搭配．62．to order 考查动词不定式．此处动词不定式做目的状语．63．waiting 考查现在分词．I与wait之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语．64．more convenient 考查形容词比较级．因句中有than，要用比较级，因convenient是多音节词，其比较级在词前加more．65．puzzled 考查过去分词．根据句间：我脸上带着疑惑的表情．puzzled意为"困惑的"，是过去分词作前置定语．66．nodded 考查动词时态．全文讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时态．67．a 考查固定词组：in a hurry意为"迅速地，匆忙地"，是固定搭配．68．were filled 考查动词时态和语态．be filled with意为"被填满"，是固定搭配，全文讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时态的被动语态．69．naturally 考查副词．kind是形容词，用副词修饰，形容词natural的副词是naturally．70．who 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词son指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who．本文主要讲述我的丈夫和我去看我的父母，然后在快餐店聚餐的故事．在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词．要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充．考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．V、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the National Day holidays this year．In October 1st，I went to Tian'anmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flag-raising ceremony．As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting．Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall．Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly．I thought of the old saying that"One who fail to reach the Great Wall is n ot a hero．"Although I was tired，but I really had a good time．【答案】I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the National Day holidays this year．In October 1st，I went to Tian'anmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flag-raising ceremony．As I watched∧flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting．Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall．Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly．I thought of the old saying that"One who fail to reach the Great Wall is not a hero．"Although I was tired，but I really had a good time．详解：1．visit改为visiting 考查动名词．of是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式．2．come 改为came 考查动词时态．全文讲述的是已发生的事情，用一般过去时态．3．In改为On 考查介词．October 1st表示特定的一天，用介词on．4．there改为where 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词Tian'anmen Square表示地点，在从句中作状语，用关系副词where．5．flag前面加上the 考查冠词．此处特指天安门广场的升旗仪式，用定冠词the．6．exciting改为excited 考查过去分词．过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人．7．attraction改为attractions 考查名词．tourist attraction意为"旅游景点"，是可数名词．又根据前面的some可知此处应用复数形式．8．proudly改为proud 考查形容词．feel是连系动词，后接形容词作表语．副词proudly 的形容词是proud．9．fail改为fails 考查主谓一致．在定语从句中，从句的谓语动词在数上与先行词一致，此处先行词one是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数三人称形式fails．10．去掉but，或but改为yet 考查连词．在英语中，两个句子只需要一个连词，though 引导让步状语从句不可与but连用，but是多余的，要去掉．或将but改为副词yet．【解析】本文主要讲述作者和父母在国庆节去北京旅游的故事．高考短文改错题的形式有说明文，短文故事，书信等，具有很强的实用性．短文的内容和语言都符合高中学生的实际，从表面上看类似一篇学生习作．首先，通读全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行逐句改错．其次，要进行逐个句子的改错．这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇着重分析和特别注意．最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有不妥之处，最终形成定稿．VI、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25.0分)43.假定你是高中学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim即将升入中国的一所高中学习，想让你给他一些学习建议．请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．与老师交流，征求老师意见；2．上课积极参与讨论，专心听讲，做好笔记；3．课后积极完成作业，巩固知识．注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．Dear Jim，______ Yours，Li Hua．【答案】I'm delighted to hear that you'll be a senior student．Now，I'd like to share my study tips with you．First，you'd better communicate with your teachers regularly．In this way，they may offer some great advice on both your study and life．（高分句型一）Second，why not involve yourself in each class actively，listen to the teacher attentively and take notes carefully so that you can review later？Third，it's a good idea to do your homework on time soon after school，which will help you practice what you have learned and make it fresh in your mind．（高分句型二）I sincerely hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life．（高分句型三）Best wishes!【解析】Dear Jim，I'm delighted to hear that you'll be a senior student．Now，I'd like to share my study tips with。

2015-2016学年广东省中山一中等七校联合体高三（上）第二次联考生物试卷（12月份）一、选择题：本题共6小题，每小题6分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．图中①～④表示的是生物体内4种有机分子的结构．其中①和④仅存在于植物细胞中．有关说法正确的是( )A．①～④存在于所有植物细胞 B．②中也含有与a类似的结构C．细胞中没有①就不能产生③ D．没有③时，细胞仍能合成①2．下面说法正确的有几项( )①观察花生种子子叶细胞脂肪颗粒时，用体积分数为50%的酒精溶液洗去浮色②制作洋葱根尖细胞装片时，用体积分数为95%的酒精溶液对解离后的根尖进行漂洗③采用样方法和标志重捕法可分别调查植物的种群密度和土壤动物的丰富度④分离叶绿体中的色素时，不同色素随层析液在滤纸上的扩散速度不同⑤显微镜下观察到的质壁分离是指细胞质与细胞壁的分开⑥探究酵母菌细胞呼吸方式的实验中用溴麝香草酚蓝检测酒精的产生⑦番茄含有丰富的葡萄糖和果糖，常用作还原糖鉴定的材料．A．5项B．3项C．2项D．1项3．对下列生命现象及其生物学意义表述正确的是( )A．光合作用推动碳循环过程，促进了生物群落中的能量循环B．细胞分裂使细胞趋向专门化，提高了机体生理功能的效率C．主动运输使膜内外物质浓度趋于一致，维持了细胞的正常代谢D．细胞凋亡使细胞自主有序死亡，有利于生物体内部环境的稳定4．如图A、B、C、D分别表示某哺乳动物细胞（2n）进行减数分裂的不同时期，其中a表示细胞数目．试判断c所代表的结构物质、基因重组可能发生的时期( )A．染色体B→C的过程中B．染色体C→D的过程中C．DNA A→B的过程D．DNA C→D的过程5．下列有关性染色体及伴性遗传的叙述，正确的是( )A．XY型性别决定的生物，Y染色体都比X染色体短小B．在不发生突变的情况下，双亲表现正常，也可能生出患红绿色盲的儿子C．含X染色体的配子是雌配子，含Y染色体的配子是雄配子D．各种生物细胞中的染色体都可分为性染色体和常染色体6．如图是闰绍细胞（一种抑制性中间神经元）参与神经调节的过程．下列相关叙述中，不正确的是( )A．运动神经元1兴奋时，可通过闰绍细胞抑制自身的活动B．闰绍细胞兴奋时会抑制运动神经元2的兴奋性C．图示神经元之间的环状联系，是一种负反馈调节D．闰绍细胞通过递质抑制运动神经元1、2膜电位发生变化三、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分．第22题～第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答．第33题～第40题为选择题，考生根据要求作答．7．植物鹅掌花喜温暖湿润的半阴环境，忌强光照射．如图1表示夏季时鹅掌花在不同遮光处理条件下净光合速率的日变化曲线．请分析并回答：（1）图示中遮光30%处理的鹅掌花开始光合作用的时间__________（填“早于”“等于”或“晚于”）6：30，且在M点时相应的光合作用强度__________（填“＜”“=”或“＞”）呼吸作用强度．（2）不遮光处理和遮光30%处理，对鹅掌花生长更有利的是__________，据图象分析原因是：__________．（3）要探究最适于鹅掌花光合的遮光程度，需设计一系列以__________为自变量的装置；为了摸索实验合理的自变量取值范围，先要进行__________．（4）如图2为叶绿素a和叶绿素b的吸收光谱（暗带部分表示被吸收的光线），已知在漫射光环境中，光线以较短波长的光占优势，与阳生植物相比，推测鹅掌花叶绿体中__________色素含量较高．8．茶一般以茶树的顶芽和幼叶制成．请回答下列有关问题：（1）采茶主要集中在春、秋两季．随着采摘批次的增加，新梢的数量大大增加，从激素调节的角度看，原因是__________．（2）茶树常采用扦插繁殖．研究小组为探究不同浓度三十烷醇（植物生长调节剂）对茶树插条生根的影响，完成了一组预实验，结果如图．①该实验的自变量是__________．②从预实验的结果可知，三十烷醇浓度为15ppm时对茶树插条生根具有__________（填“抑制”、“促进”）作用．③若要探究三十烷醇促进茶树插条生根的最适浓度，还应增设实验组，从图中数据判断，三十烷醇浓度的取值应设在__________ppm．④用三十烷醇处理茶树插条比较简便的方法有沾蘸法和浸泡法．与沾蘸法相比，浸泡法所用的浓度__________，所需处理时间__________．9．人类染色体变异常造成流产、痴呆等疾病．请回答：（1）染色体变异可分为__________和__________两类．（2）人类第7和第9号染色体之间可发生相互易位（细胞内基因结构和种类未发生变化）如甲图所示，乙图为某痴呆患者的家族系谱图，已知Ⅰ﹣2、Ⅱ﹣2为甲图所示染色体易位的携带者．①个体Ⅰ﹣2的7或9号染色体上基因的__________发生了改变．②个体Ⅱ﹣2能够产生__________种配子，分别为__________（用甲图中的字母表示）．③Ⅱ﹣2与Ⅱ﹣1的后代如果出现9号染色体“部分三体”，则表现为痴呆，如果出现9号染色体“部分单体”，后代早期流产．请写出个体Ⅲ﹣1的7和9号染色体组合__________（用甲图中的字母表示）．④早期流产导致胎儿不能成活．Ⅲ﹣3为染色体易位携带者的概率是__________．⑤为防止生出患染色体异常遗传病的孩子，建议婚前进行__________，妊娠期间进行__________．10．图Ⅰ为某生态系统的碳循环示意图，图Ⅱ为该生态系统中部分生物构成的食物网，请回答下列有关的问题．（1）图Ⅰ中构成生物群落的是__________，其中①过程表示__________作用，大气中CO2的来源除了图中所示之外，还可来自于__________．（2）图Ⅱ中有__________条食物链，丙和丁的关系是__________．该食物网中，若生产者固定的总能量为1×108kJ，能量传递效率按10%～20%计算，则最高营养级至少能获得__________kJ的能量．（3）若由于某种原因，造成图Ⅰ中某种绿色植物的数量锐减，该生态系统中其他生物的数量发生了较大波动后又逐渐趋于稳定，说明生态系统具有自动调节能力，这种能力是通过__________调节来实现的．三、[生物--选修1：生物技术实践]11．近年来，纪录片《舌尖上的中国》引发全民关注美食的热潮，其中多次讲述了利用不同微生物的发酵作用制作的美味食品．请分析回答下列问题：（1）在果醋制作时，运用醋酸菌在供应__________和糖源充足时，将糖分解成醋酸；在糖源不充足时，也可以利用酒精生成醋酸，请写出该过程的化学反应式：__________．（2）腐乳制作的流程是：让豆腐上长出毛霉→加盐腌制→加卤汤装瓶→密封腌制．用盐腌制时，应注意控制__________；配制卤汤时，要使卤汤中酒的含量控制在__________%左右．（3）制作泡菜的原理是__________．（4）将葡萄加工成果汁时，为提高果汁的产量和品质，应加入适量的__________酶，该酶能破坏植物细胞的__________（填细胞结构）．（5）蔬菜在腌制过程中，会产生亚硝酸盐．在盐酸酸化条件下，亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸发生__________反应后，与N﹣1﹣萘基乙二胺盐酸盐结合形成玫瑰红色染料．四、[生物--选修3：现代生物科技]12．科学家利用基因工程和细胞核移植技术培育了绿色荧光蛋白转基因克隆猪．其基本流程是：首先从荧光水母中获取目的基因，然后与有关载体重组，并将其导入猪胎儿的成纤维细胞，经培养后再将成纤维细胞移植入去核的卵母细胞中，最后培养出转基因克隆猪．请回答有关问题：（1）科学家从荧光水母细胞中获取绿色荧光蛋白基因所运用的酶称为__________，并用__________的该种酶去作用于运载体，才能有利于重组载体的构建．（2）基因工程中，将重组载体导入猪胎儿成纤维细胞常用的方法是__________．（3）作为核移植受体细胞的去核卵母细胞一般处在__________期，常通过__________（物理方法）进行激活，使其完成细胞分裂和发育进程．（4）培养重组细胞时，将细胞所需的营养物质按其种类、数量严格配制而成的培养基称为合成培养基，但通常在培养基中还需要加入适量的__________等天然成分．（5）重组细胞培养至一定阶段还可通过__________的方法，从而最终一次获得多个转基因猪．最后这个过程现阶段必须通过胚胎移植才能实现，其实质是__________．2015-2016学年广东省中山一中等七校联合体高三（上）第二次联考生物试卷（12月份）一、选择题：本题共6小题，每小题6分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．图中①～④表示的是生物体内4种有机分子的结构．其中①和④仅存在于植物细胞中．有关说法正确的是( )A．①～④存在于所有植物细胞 B．②中也含有与a类似的结构C．细胞中没有①就不能产生③ D．没有③时，细胞仍能合成①【考点】ATP的化学组成和特点；RNA分子的组成和种类．【分析】分析题图：①中含有镁元素，镁元素是构成叶绿素的重要元素，所以分子①是叶绿素分子；②具有”三叶草“结构，是tRNA；③是ATP，生命活动所需能量的直接来源，其中a是ATP脱去两个磷酸后形成的腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸．【解答】解：A、①只存在于绿色植物细胞中，而不是所有的植物细胞，A错误；B、a是腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸，②是tRNA，腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸是组成RNA的基本单位之一，B 正确；C、细胞没有①，不能进行光合作用，但能进行细胞呼吸产生③，C错误；D、没有③时，细胞不能合成①，D错误．故选：B．【点评】本题考查ATP的化学组成及特点、RNA分子的组成和种类、叶绿素的组成等知识，要求考生识记ATP的分子结构特点和产生途径，掌握ATP与RNA之间的关系；识记叶绿素的组成，能准确判断图中各分子的名称，再准确判断各选项．2．下面说法正确的有几项( )①观察花生种子子叶细胞脂肪颗粒时，用体积分数为50%的酒精溶液洗去浮色②制作洋葱根尖细胞装片时，用体积分数为95%的酒精溶液对解离后的根尖进行漂洗③采用样方法和标志重捕法可分别调查植物的种群密度和土壤动物的丰富度④分离叶绿体中的色素时，不同色素随层析液在滤纸上的扩散速度不同⑤显微镜下观察到的质壁分离是指细胞质与细胞壁的分开⑥探究酵母菌细胞呼吸方式的实验中用溴麝香草酚蓝检测酒精的产生⑦番茄含有丰富的葡萄糖和果糖，常用作还原糖鉴定的材料．A．5项B．3项C．2项D．1项【考点】检测脂肪的实验；检测还原糖的实验；叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验；观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原；探究酵母菌的呼吸方式；观察细胞的有丝分裂；估算种群密度的方法．【分析】明确本题知识点，考查的是课本中实验的操作原理、现象观察和材料选择等内容，梳理相关的基础知识，采用逐项分析和排除的方法综合作答．【解答】解：①脂肪鉴定实验中，用染色剂染色后，需要质量分数为50%的酒精洗去浮色，①正确；②制作洋葱根尖细胞装片时，用体积分数为95%的酒精和质量分数为15%的盐酸混合液对根尖进行解离，然后用清水洗去浮色，②错误；③调查土壤动物的丰富度用取样器取样，③错误；④分离色素的原理是色素在层析液中的溶解度不同，在滤纸上扩散速度不同，④正确；⑤质壁分离是指原生质层与细胞壁分离，⑤错误；⑥鉴定酒精用酸性重铬酸钾，⑥错误；⑦番茄有颜色，会干扰实验现象，所以不能用作还原糖鉴定材料，⑦错误．故选：C．【点评】本题考查实验现象的观察，解题关键是识记实验试剂的使用和反应呈现的颜色．3．对下列生命现象及其生物学意义表述正确的是( )A．光合作用推动碳循环过程，促进了生物群落中的能量循环B．细胞分裂使细胞趋向专门化，提高了机体生理功能的效率C．主动运输使膜内外物质浓度趋于一致，维持了细胞的正常代谢D．细胞凋亡使细胞自主有序死亡，有利于生物体内部环境的稳定【考点】细胞凋亡的含义；主动运输的原理和意义；细胞的分化．【分析】生态系统能量流动的特点：单向流动，逐渐递减．细胞分裂能增加细胞的数目，细胞分化能增加细胞的种类，使细胞趋向专门化．主动运输能维持细胞内正常的生命活动，对神经冲动的传递以及对维持细胞的渗透平衡，恒定细胞的体积．细胞凋亡是由基因决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程，对有机体是有利的．【解答】解：A、光合作用使无机碳转化成有机碳，促进了碳循环，但不能促进能量循环，因为能量不能循环，A错误；B、细胞分裂仅使细胞数目增多，不能使细胞趋向专门化，细胞专门化是通过细胞分化实现的，B错误；C、主动运输使细胞选择性的吸收或排放细胞需要的营养物质或代谢废物，而不是使膜内外的物质浓度趋于一致，C错误；D、细胞凋亡是细胞的程序性死亡，对生物完成正常发育，维持内环境稳定有重要作用，D 正确．故选：D．【点评】本题综合考查光合作用、细胞分裂、主动运输及细胞凋亡等知识，要求考生理解和掌握光合作用、主动运输和细胞凋亡的意义，识记生态系统能量流动的特点，再对选项作出准确的判断．4．如图A、B、C、D分别表示某哺乳动物细胞（2n）进行减数分裂的不同时期，其中a表示细胞数目．试判断c所代表的结构物质、基因重组可能发生的时期( )A．染色体B→C的过程中B．染色体C→D的过程中C．DNA A→B的过程D．DNA C→D的过程【考点】细胞的减数分裂．【分析】根据题意和图示分析可知：A、B、C、D分别处于减数分裂间期DNA分子未复制时、减数第一次分裂、减数第二次分裂前期和中期、减数第二次分裂末期．明确知识点，梳理相关的基础知识，分析题图，结合问题的具体提示综合作答．【解答】解：从图中A、B、C、D四个时期可以分析出，d周期性地出现和消失，说明d是染色单体数；1个精原细胞或卵原细胞经减数分裂可产生4个精细胞或1个卵细胞和3个极体，说明a为细胞数目；在减数第一次分裂过程中，由于DNA分子复制，数目加倍，但染色体数目不变，说明b为核DNA分子数、c为染色体数．基因重组可能发生减数第一次分裂过程中，所以是对应在是B→C的过程中．故选：A．【点评】本题考查减数分裂过程中细胞数目、染色体、染色单体、DNA分子数目变化规律的相关知识，意在考查学生的识图能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题和解决问题的能力．5．下列有关性染色体及伴性遗传的叙述，正确的是( )A．XY型性别决定的生物，Y染色体都比X染色体短小B．在不发生突变的情况下，双亲表现正常，也可能生出患红绿色盲的儿子C．含X染色体的配子是雌配子，含Y染色体的配子是雄配子D．各种生物细胞中的染色体都可分为性染色体和常染色体【考点】伴性遗传．【专题】正推法；伴性遗传．【分析】1、XY型性别决定方式的生物，Y染色体不一定比X染色体短小，如人类的Y染色体比X短小，但果蝇的Y染色体比X长．2、XY型性别决定方式的生物，雌性个体产生的配子所含性染色体为X，雄性个体产生的配子所含的性染色体为X或Y．3、色盲是伴X染色体隐性遗传病，其特点是：隔代交叉遗传；男患者多余女患者；男性正常个体的母亲和女儿都正常，女患者的父亲和儿子都患病．【解答】解：A、XY型性别决定的生物，Y染色体一半比X染色体短小，但是也有Y比X大的，如果蝇，A错误；B、在不发生突变的情况下，双亲表现正常，不可能生出患红绿色盲的女儿，但可能生出患红绿色盲的儿子，B正确；C、在XY性别决定的生物中，雌配子只含X染色体，雄配子可能含X染色体或Y染色体，C 错误；D、无性别之分的生物没有性染色体，如大部分植物是没有常染色体和性染色之分的，D错误．故选：B．【点评】本题考查伴性遗传的相关知识，要求考生识记生物的染色体组成，掌握伴性遗传的类型及特点，能结合所学的知识准确判断各选项．6．如图是闰绍细胞（一种抑制性中间神经元）参与神经调节的过程．下列相关叙述中，不正确的是( )A．运动神经元1兴奋时，可通过闰绍细胞抑制自身的活动B．闰绍细胞兴奋时会抑制运动神经元2的兴奋性C．图示神经元之间的环状联系，是一种负反馈调节D．闰绍细胞通过递质抑制运动神经元1、2膜电位发生变化【考点】神经冲动的产生和传导．【专题】模式图；神经调节与体液调节．【分析】据图分析：由于闰绍细胞是抑制性中间神经元，当运动神经元1兴奋时，通过闰绍细胞会抑制运动神经元2和运动神经元1，神经元之间的环状联系可使运动神经元1由兴奋状态恢复为抑制状态．【解答】解：A、由于闰绍细胞是抑制性中间神经元，当运动神经元1兴奋时，通过闰绍细胞之间的环状联系可使运动神经元1由兴奋状态恢复为抑制状态，A正确；B、由于闰绍细胞是抑制性中间神经元，当运动神经元1兴奋时，通过闰绍细胞会抑制运动神经元2的兴奋性，B正确；C、神经元之间的环状联系能够迅速调整神经元的状态，属于一种负反馈调节，从而提高神经调节的准确性，C正确；D、神经元的静息电位是内负外正，闰绍细胞通过递质使运动神经元1和2的兴奋性受到抑制，可以使膜电位发生变化，但并不刺激其产生动作电位，D错误．故选：D．【点评】本题考查兴奋在神经元之间的传递，意在考查学生的识图能力和分析能力，属于中档题，对于D选项中静息时，K+外流，造成膜两侧的电位表现为内负外正；受刺激后，Na+内流，造成膜两侧的电位表现为内正外负．三、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分．第22题～第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答．第33题～第40题为选择题，考生根据要求作答．7．植物鹅掌花喜温暖湿润的半阴环境，忌强光照射．如图1表示夏季时鹅掌花在不同遮光处理条件下净光合速率的日变化曲线．请分析并回答：（1）图示中遮光30%处理的鹅掌花开始光合作用的时间早于（填“早于”“等于”或“晚于”）6：30，且在M点时相应的光合作用强度＞（填“＜”“=”或“＞”）呼吸作用强度．（2）不遮光处理和遮光30%处理，对鹅掌花生长更有利的是遮光30%，据图象分析原因是：遮光30%处理的鹅掌花全天的净光合量大部分时间比不遮光处理的高（或中午前后鹅掌花净光合量大幅下降，而遮光30%时基本保持较高净光合量）．（3）要探究最适于鹅掌花光合的遮光程度，需设计一系列以遮光程度（光照强度）为自变量的装置；为了摸索实验合理的自变量取值范围，先要进行预实验．（4）如图2为叶绿素a和叶绿素b的吸收光谱（暗带部分表示被吸收的光线），已知在漫射光环境中，光线以较短波长的光占优势，与阳生植物相比，推测鹅掌花叶绿体中叶绿素b色素含量较高．【考点】影响光合作用速率的环境因素．【分析】据图分析：图1中，适当遮光可以提高鹅掌花的净光合作用速率．图2中，鹅掌花为阴生植物，叶绿体中叶绿素b色素含量较高．据此分析作答．【解答】解：（1）据图1分析，遮光30%处理的鹅掌花在6：30时净光合作用速率大于0，说明在此之前已经开始光合作用．M点时，净光合作用速率为1.0，由于真正的光合作用速率=呼吸作用速率+净光合作用速率，所以M点时相应的光合作用强度大于呼吸作用强度．（2）由于遮光30%处理的鹅掌花全天的净光合量大部分时间比不遮光处理的高（或中午前后鹅掌花净光合量大幅下降，而遮光30%时基本保持较高净光合量），所以对鹅掌花生长更有利的是遮光30%．（3）根据题意可知，要探究最适于鹅掌花光合的遮光程度，需设计一系列以遮光程度（光照强度）为自变量的装置．可以先进行预实验摸索实验合理的自变量取值范围．（4）据图2分析，叶绿素b在吸收较短波长的光较多，所以与阳生植物相比，鹅掌花叶绿体中叶绿素b色素含量较高．故答案为：（1）早于＞（2）遮光30% 遮光30%处理的鹅掌花全天的净光合量大部分时间比不遮光处理的高（或中午前后鹅掌花净光合量大幅下降，而遮光30%时基本保持较高净光合量）（3）遮光程度（光照强度）预实验（4）叶绿素b【点评】本题主要考查影响光合作用的环境因素，意在通过曲线图使学生理解与掌握光照强度对光合作用的影响，并学会用相关知识分析和解决实际问题．8．茶一般以茶树的顶芽和幼叶制成．请回答下列有关问题：（1）采茶主要集中在春、秋两季．随着采摘批次的增加，新梢的数量大大增加，从激素调节的角度看，原因是解除了顶端优势．（2）茶树常采用扦插繁殖．研究小组为探究不同浓度三十烷醇（植物生长调节剂）对茶树插条生根的影响，完成了一组预实验，结果如图．①该实验的自变量是三十烷醇的浓度．②从预实验的结果可知，三十烷醇浓度为15ppm时对茶树插条生根具有促进（填“抑制”、“促进”）作用．③若要探究三十烷醇促进茶树插条生根的最适浓度，还应增设实验组，从图中数据判断，三十烷醇浓度的取值应设在8～15ppm．④用三十烷醇处理茶树插条比较简便的方法有沾蘸法和浸泡法．与沾蘸法相比，浸泡法所用的浓度较低，所需处理时间较长．【考点】生长素的产生、分布和运输情况；探究植物生长调节剂对扦插枝条生根的作用．【分析】1、顶端优势的原因是顶芽产生的生长素在侧芽部位积累，使侧芽部位生长素浓度高，抑制侧芽发育成枝条，摘除顶芽可以暂时阻断侧芽部位生长素的来源而消除顶端优势；2、该实验的目的是探究不同浓度三十烷醇（植物生长调节剂）对茶树插条生根的影响，实验的自变量是三十烷醇的浓度，该实验的对照有空白对照和不同浓度的三十烷醇溶液之间的相互对照，根据对照原则分析实验结果、获取实验结论．3、植物的顶芽和幼叶能产生生长素，运输到侧芽，从而抑制侧芽的生长．当摘去植物的顶芽和幼叶后，将消除植物的顶端优势．在曲线图中，用15ppm浓度的三十烷醇溶液处理的插条，其生根数较用蒸馏水处理的对照组多，说明此浓度的三十烷醇仍然具有促进作用．若要探究促进茶树插条生根的最适浓度，应在8～15 ppm的浓度范围增加实验组．浸泡法与沾蘸法相比，浸泡法需要的溶液浓度较低，且处理的时间较长．【解答】解：（1）采茶过程想摘除顶芽的过程，摘除顶芽后，侧芽部位生长素来源被暂时阻断，侧芽部位生长素浓度降低，顶端优势解除，侧芽发育，新梢数量增加．（2）①该实验的自变量是三十烷醇的浓度，从曲线图可知，实验中设置了两种对照方式：以蒸馏水作为空白对照，不同浓度的三十烷醇溶液作为相互对照．②分析题图实验结果可知，与空白对照相比，三十烷醇浓度为15ppm时茶树插条生根数量多于空白对照组，因此，三十烷醇浓度为15ppm时对茶树插条生根具有促进作用．③分析题图可知，三十烷醇溶液为8ppm时生根数量是45.5，12ppm时是52.0，15ppm时是23.0，因此三十烷醇促进插条生根的最适宜浓度在8～15ppm之间，因此要探究三十烷醇促进茶树插条生根的最适浓度，还应增设浓度在8～15ppm的实验组．④与沾蘸法相比，浸泡法所用的浓度低，处理时间长．故答案为：（1）解除了顶端优势（2）①三十烷醇的浓度②促进③8～15 ④较低较长。

广东省中山市第一中学等七校联合体2016届高三化学上学期第二次联考试题（含解析）可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Mg 24Br 80 S 32 K 39 Mn 55选择题共21题，共126分一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

7．下列说法错误的是A．为使水果保鲜，可在水果箱内放入高锰酸钾溶液浸泡过的硅藻土B．PM2.5表面积大，能吸附大量的有毒、有害物质C．高纯硅在太阳能电池及信息高速传输中有重要应用D．从海水中提取物质不一定要通过化学反应实现【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A．高锰酸钾溶液浸泡过的硅藻土吸收水果释放出的乙烯，保证水果的新鲜，正确；B．表面积大吸附性强，正确；C.二氧化硅在太阳能电池及信息高速传输中有重要应用，故C错；D．海水中也有单质的存在，以游离态存在的单质不需要用化学反应提取。

考点：考查了生活中化学的相关知识。

8．N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述正确的是A．标准状况下，22.4LCl2完全溶于水时转移的电子数为N AB．1 mol 羟基(－OH)含有的电子数为9N AC．100g30%醋酸溶液中氢原子数为2N AD．100mL水中OH-的个数是10-8N A【答案】B【解析】试题分析：A．标准状况下，22.4LCl2即1mol，与水反应发生歧化反应，转移电子数为0.5mol；B．1 mol 羟基(－OH)含有的电子数为1x(8+1)=9mol,故正确；C．醋酸弱酸，在溶液中部分电离，故错；D.水同样为弱电解质，部分电离，100mL水求不出OH-的个数。

考点：考查了为阿伏加德罗常数应用的相关知识。

9．下列离子反应方程式正确的是A．向Ca(HCO3)2溶液加入过量的NaOH溶液：Ca2++HCO3-+OH-=CaCO3↓+H2OB．向NH4HCO3溶液中滴入少量NaOH溶液：NH4++OH-=NH3·H2OC． FeSO4溶液在空气中变黄色：4Fe2+＋O2＋4H+＝4Fe3+＋2H2OD．用NaOH溶液吸收NO2气体：3NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO3+NO↑+H2O【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A．加入过量的NaOH应生成Ca(OH)2，违反客观事实；B．NH4+和 HCO3-均会与OH-反应，故错；D．NO2气体先与水反应生成硝酸和NO，而后再与NaOH反应，化学方程式对了，但要写成离子方程式。

广东省中山一中等七校联合体2016届高三第二次（12月）联考理综化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Mg 24Br 80 S 32 K 39 Mn 55选择题共21题，共126分一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

7．下列说法错误的是A．为使水果保鲜，可在水果箱内放入高锰酸钾溶液浸泡过的硅藻土B．PM2.5表面积大，能吸附大量的有毒、有害物质C．高纯硅在太阳能电池及信息高速传输中有重要应用D．从海水中提取物质不一定要通过化学反应实现8．N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述正确的是A．标准状况下，22.4LCl2完全溶于水时转移的电子数为N AB．1 mol 羟基(－OH)含有的电子数为9N AC．100g30%醋酸溶液中氢原子数为2N AD．100mL水中OH-的个数是10-8N A9．下列离子反应方程式正确的是A．向Ca(HCO3)2溶液加入过量的NaOH溶液：Ca2++HCO3-+OH-=CaCO3↓+H2OB．向NH4HCO3溶液中滴入少量NaOH溶液：NH4++OH-=NH3·H2OC．FeSO4溶液在空气中变黄色：4Fe2+＋O2＋4H+＝4Fe3+＋2H2OD．用NaOH溶液吸收NO2气体：3NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO3+NO↑+H2O10．在下列条件下，一定能大量共存的微粒组是：A．甲基橙呈黄色的溶液中：K+、Na＋、SO42-、S2O32-B．能与Al反应生成H2的溶液：Na+、Ba2+、NO3-、I-C．常温下水电离出的OH-为1×10-7mol/L的溶液中：Ｋ+、Na+、SO42-、AlO2-D．常温下pH=7的溶液中：NH4+、K+、CH3COO-、NO3-11．2015年10月5日诺贝尔医学奖授予中国女药学家屠呦呦及美国科学家威廉·坎贝尔和日本大村智，以表彰他们在寄生虫疾病治疗方面取得的成就。

广东省中山市第一中学等七校联合体2016届高三上学期第二次（12月）联考文科综合历史试题一，选择题（每题4分，共48分）1．中国古代的姓氏文化历史悠久，源远流长。

其中最早的一批姓氏包括姬、姜、赢、姒、妊、妘、娮、姚等。

这些姓氏出现的主要原因是A．封建礼制对女性的压迫 B．受西周宗法制的影响C．政治上分封制的实施 D．血缘关系最初以母系来确定【答案】D【解析】试题分析：本题主要考查学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力。

其中最早的一批姓氏包括姬、姜、赢、姒、妊、妘、娮、姚等。

这些姓氏带有女字偏旁，这些姓氏出现的主要原因是血缘关系最初以母系来确定。

故选D。

考点：中国古代的政治制度·中国早期政治制度·宗法制2．随着反腐力度的不断加大，中央巡视组巡视地方工作已全面展开。

下列古代官职与其职能相似的是A．秦御史大夫B．西汉刺史C．宋同平章事D．明布政使【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题主要考查学生准确记忆的能力，难度为小。

结合所学，汉武帝分全国为十三州，设刺史，代表中央监察地方。

御史大夫是三公之一，是中央监察官职；宋同平章事和明布政使是行政官职。

故选B考点：中国古代的政治制度·秦汉政治制度·西汉的刺史制度3．商周“工商食官”，春秋战国自由商人崛起，秦汉国内外贸易的发展，隋唐柜坊与飞钱的出现，宋元坊市界限的打破与营业时间限制的突破、纸币的产生，明清出现地域性商人群体。

材料反映了中国古代商业A．发展水平世界领先 B．发展过程极为艰难C．发展阶段特征明显 D．抑商政策制约发展【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题主要考查学生解读题干材料，比较、分析，并作出正确认知和准确判断的能力。

根据题干材料关键信息“商周…春秋战国…秦汉…隋唐…宋元…明清出现地域性商人群体。

”可知，本题实际上考查学关于中国古代的商业经济，进一步分析，可知，发展阶段特征明显，故答案选B。

考点：中国古代的经济·中国古代的商业经济·中国古代的商业发展4．战国时期，在治国方略上主张“名礼仪以化之，起法正以治之，使天下皆出于治，合于善也”的著名思想家是A．孟子 B．韩非子 C．墨子 D．荀子【答案】D【解析】试题分析：先秦是中国传统文化主流思想的起源时期，题干中“明礼仪以化之，起法正以治之，重刑法以禁之，使天下于治，合于善也。

2013—2014学年高三第二次联考仲元中学中山一中南海中学潮阳一中宝安中学普宁二中桂城中学文科数学本试卷共4页,21小题，满分150分.考试用时120分钟.一. 选择题：（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，满分50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只冇 一项是符合题FI 耍求的.）1. 已知z = i （l + i ）（Z 为虚数单位），则复数z 在复平面内所对应的点位于（）第一象限笫二象限 第三彖限 第四彖限2. 如图为几何体的三视图，根据三视图可以判断这个几何体为（ A.圆锥 B.三棱锥 C.三棱柱D.三棱台3. 曲线y = x 3-2x + 4在点（1,3）处的切线的倾斜角为（） A. 45°B. 60°C. 120°D. 135°俯视图（第2颐图）1 94.抛物线一 的焦点坐标是（ ）4C •若d 丄久。

丄b ,则/?//&D.若/丄a.l I la ,则a 丄a7. 某程序框图如右图所示，该程序运行后输出的k 的值是（）A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 78. 已知函数/（x ） = （-） v -log 3x,若实数％是 方程f （x ） = 0的解,且x 0<x,,则/（X,）的值（）A.(0,1)B.C.J 16丿< 4丿D.(0,4)5.已知集合4 = ｛兀|（兀一1）（兀一4）<0｝，B = {x\ y = \j2-x} 则图中阴影部分所表示的集合为（） A. (1,2) B. (1,2] C. (0J) D. (0,2]6•在空间中，l.m.n.a.h 表示总线，Q 表示平而,则卜列命题正确的是（）A.若 U/a. m ± I ,贝ij 加丄 aB •若/丄〃°加丄〃，则m / In 二△正视图 侧视图A.恒为负B.等于零C.恒为正D.不大于零9. 如图己知圆的半径为10,其内接三角形ABC 的内角A 、B 分别为60°和45° ,现向圆内随机撒 一粒豆子，则豆子落在三如形ABC 内的概率为（） ,3+ V3 3 + V3 、 4龙 16” A. -------- B. --------------- C. --------- D. ----------------- 亍16 兀 4 龙 3 + V3 3 + V3 10. 设函数 f(x) = x a +1 (aeQ)的定义域为[-b,-a]\J[a,b],其中0 vavb,且/⑴在［⑦列上的最人值为6,最小值为3, 则/（兀）在［-厲-可上的最大值与最小值的和是 （）二、填空题：（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，满分20分.其中14〜15题是选做题，考主只能 选做一题，两题全答的，只计算前一题得分.）x-y+1>011.若实数兀,）满足v x + y > 0 _______________ ,则目标函数z = x + 2y 的最大值是x<012.假设要考察某公司牛产的500克袋装牛奶的三聚青氨是否超标，现从800袋牛奶屮抽取 60袋进行检验,利用随机数表抽取样本时,先将800袋牛奶按000, 001, ・•・，799进行编 号，如果从随机数表笫7行第8列的数开始向右读，则得到的第4个的样本个体的编号是 （下面摘取了随机数表第7行至第9行） 84 42 17 53 31 57 24 55 06 88 77 04 74 47 6721 76 33 50 25 83 92 12 06 7663 01 63 78 59 16 95 56 67 19 98 10 50 71 75 12 86 73 58 07 44 39 52 38 79 33 21 12 34 29 78 64 56 07 82 52 42 07 44 3815 51 00 13 4299 66 02 79 54A. 一5B. 9C. 一5或9D.以上不对2 34 5 67 8 910 11121314 15（第9题图）13.将全体正整数排成一个三角形数阵1根据以上排列规律，数阵中第n（n$3）行的从左至右的第3个数是14.（儿何证明选讲选做题）如图，AB, CD是半径为a的圆0的两条弦，它们相交于AB的小点P, PD二——,3Z0AP=30°,则CP= _____________15.(处标系与参数方程选做题)在极处标系(A^X0<^<2^)中，曲线P二2sin &与pcos& = -1的交点的极坐标为 ____________________三、解答题(本大题共6小题，满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤.)16.(本小题满分12分)已知函数/(x) = sin x - cos x, xe R .I求函数.f(x)的最小正周期;II若函数/(x)在兀=兀。