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Unit Nine EconomyText:Globalization and ChinaStephan RothlinBackground InformationAbout the author:The author is a professor of business ethics. In one of his writings he illustrated ideas about business ethics developed in U.S. and in Europe. He also indicates China has its culture’s rich ethical heritage, and can both govern and guide its national economy to develop better, not only for China but also for the World.Language points1. Para.[3]: The United States will cease the annual review procedure in which congress considers ending ...“in which” in used in a relative clause that starts within a preposition (it means to talk about a situation that you have just mentioned). Similarly used in the passage: Para.10, Para.11.2. Para.[6]: Global companies seem perched ... ever widening open doors.The sentences means: Global companies seem to be laying China’s economic development ona dangerous position by making good use of ( or taking advantage of ) China’s ever wideningopen doors.3. Para.[9]: Mencius remained especially strong in his belief that human nature might become ... . Similarly used in the passage: Para.11“that” used after verbs to introduce an objective clause which gives more information, a reason, an explanation etc.4. Para.[11]: The policy of opening-up supported ... watching.The opening policy supported for over twenty years started a period which has never happened before for economic growth that has the whole world watching.5. Para.[13]: It is in the vital interest of business and administration for China to become familiarized with values.“It” is used as the subject or object of a verb when the real subject or object is later in the sentence.Word study1. negotiate v.to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business orpolitics① The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.② Union leaders have negotiated an agreement for a shorter working work.③ The French have brought new proposals to the negotiating table ( official business ).negotiation n.[usually plural] official discussion between the representatives of opposing groups, who are trying to reach an agreement especially in business or politics.④ The treaty was a result of long and complex negotiation.⑤ Through negotiation we are able to reach a compromise.2. perch v. to be in a position on top of, or on the edge of something① The birds perched on the telephone wires.② He was perched on his throne.③ The house perched on a cliff above the town.④ Linda perched herself on a bar stool.n. [informal] a high place where a person sits or where a building is placed⑤ From our perch on the hill, we can see the whole city.3. decisive a. action, event that has a powerful effect on the final result of something① Waterloo was the decisive battle of the entire war.② She demonstrated a talent for quick, decisive action.③ The covenant at Sinai was the decisive step in the creation of Israel.④ China has played a decisive role in the recent peace progress.decisiveness n.the ability to make decisions quickly with confidence and determination⑤ David acted with speed and decisiveness.4. fundamental a. affecting the simplest and most important parts of something① She is not just in a bad mood, she must have a fundamental psychological problem.② His fundamental mistake was to rely too much on other people.③ Water is fundamental to survival.n. the most important idea, rules etc that something is based on④I couldn’t even grasp the fundamentals of mechanics.fundamentally ad. in everyway that is important or basic⑤ They are good friends even though their view on many things are fundamentally different.5. corrupt ing one’s power in a dishonest or illegal way in order to get an advantage foroneself① Corrupt judges have taken millions of dollars in bribes.② Sometimes we doubt a corrupt society. (a very bad morally).v. to encourage someone to start behaving in an immoral or dishonest way③ Pornographic publications corrupt the minds of young people.④ Young prisoners are being corrupted by the older, long term offenders.corruption n. dishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior, especially from someone with power⑤ The chief Executive is being investigated for alleged corruption.⑥The word Thursday is a corruption of Thor’s Day. (a changed form of something)参考译文全球经济一体化与中国斯蒂芬·罗世林[1] 中国，拥有世界上人口最多的国家，在2001年11月10日加入世界贸易组织，结束了长达15年的谈判，这为中国在世界民族之林获得了一个新的地位与席位，为几个世纪以来的梦想注入了新的活力。
Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。
但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。
等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。
这位属于“千禧一代”的年青人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。
他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，65万多大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。
他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克•古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。
他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。
他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。
但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。
”打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。
他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。
他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。
跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己一样。
TEXT 62China's pied piper马首是瞻（陈继龙编译）（译注：pied piper原意为“吹笛手”，源自一则古老的故事，说的是一个人通过吹笛子将老鼠引入河中淹死，从而清除了德国一座小镇上的所有老鼠。
可后来他由于没有得到任何报酬，就再次吹起笛子把镇上所有的小孩都带走了。
后来人们用“pied piper”比喻“有很多追随者、受到人们喜爱或崇拜的人”。
）Sep 21st 2006From The Economist print editionON A rainy weekend this month 10,000 businessmen, hobby traders and “netheads” gathered in Hangzhou, a pretty Chinese city near Shanghai, to talk about e-commerce. Most went to meet and s_______① tips with other online traders. All came to the “Alifest” to sit at the feet of Jack Ma, a pixie[1]-sized, boyish 42-year-old who is the founder of Alibaba, an e-commerce firm, and is regarded as the godfather of the internet in China. In a country where businessmen are viewed with suspicion, his popularity is unusual. （1）When he was invited recently to speak in Beijing's Great Hall of the People, Mr Ma needed six bodyguards to escape a mob[2] of online traders waiting outside to give him a hug.9月的一个周末，天下着雨，一万名商人、业余生意人和“网络老手”聚集在上海附近的美丽的中国城市——杭州，谈起了电子商务。
贸易对产业内重新配置和产业总生产率的影响（The Impact of Trade On Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity）Melitz, Marc(2003)，Econometrica; Nov 2003; 71, 6浙江财经大学经济与国际贸易学院茹玉骢翻译\推导并注释摘要：本文发展了一个异质性产业动态模型，分析国际贸易的产业内作用。
模型显示如何开展贸易，会导致更有生产率的企业进入出口市场（同时，一些生产率比较低的企业只在国内市场进行生产），并同时迫使最没有生产率的企业退出市场。
它还表明产业的贸易开放会导致向更有生产率企业的公司之间额外的重新配置。
文章也表明，通过重新配置所导致的产业总生产率的提高带来了福利的改进，从而揭示了以前从未探讨的贸易益处。
本文把Hopenhayn（1992）的动态产业模型结合垄断竞争，在一般均衡中加以讨论。
因此，文章结合生产率的差异，拓展了Krugman1980的贸易模型。
不同生产率的企业共存于一个产业是因为，每个企业在做不可逆转投资进入该产业之前，面临不确的初始生产率。
进入出口市场也是颇费成本，但企业仅在获得其生产率知识后做出出口决定。
1、引言最近的经验研究表明企业之间的生产率存在持续性的差异，另外一些研究也表明生产率高的企业通常会倾向于出口。
文章发展了一个异质性动态产业模型，用来分析国际贸易所祈祷了产业内企业之间配置催化剂作用。
模型重复了许多与贸易相关的微观研究，它显示贸易如何导致那些生产率更高的企业出口，而同时迫使生产率最低的企业退出。
效率最低企业的退出和更有效率企业获得额外出口销售，使得市场份额更趋向于生产率更高的企业，并导致总生产率的提高。
利润也分配给更有生产率的企业。
模型和许多经验研究相吻合，如Bernard and Jensen(1999a)(对美国), Aw, Chung and Roberts(2000)(对台湾),Clerides, Lack and Tybout(1998)（对哥伦比亚、墨西哥和摩洛哥）都, 发现了更有效率企业选择出口市场的证据。
TEXT 68High risk, high reward不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？（陈继龙编译）Oct 12th 2006 | WASHINGTON, DCFrom The Economist print editionReutersA frying pan, a pair of sneakers and some amoxycillin please请给我一只煎锅、一双运动鞋和一些阿莫西林。
（路透社）THESE are tough times for Wal-Mart, America's biggest retailer. （1）Long accused of wrecking small-town America and condemned for the stinginess of its pay, the company has lately come under fire for its meanness over employees' health-care benefits. The charge is arguably unfair: the firm's health coverage, while a_______①less extensive than the average for big companies, is on a par with[1] other retailers'. But bad publicity, coupled with rising costs, has stirred the Bentonville giant to action. Wal-Mart is making changes that should shift the ground in America's health-care debate.对于美国最大的零售商沃尔玛而言，现在是困难时期。
TEXT 51The seven-year itch七年之痒（陈继龙编译）Jul 27th 2006 | MACAUFrom The Economist print editionTHE army of workers operating along what used to be Macau's waterfront is conducting “land reclamation[1]”: dumping sand into the water to create more land on which to build ever more casinos, resorts and hotels in the formerly Portuguese playground. Cranes and bulldozers beaver away[2] throughout the territory, building new high-rises. Like most of China's booming conurbations[3], Macau is paying an environmental price; the air is thick with smog and dust, and the Pearl River has transferred some of its p_______①to Macau's seas. （1）But the damage pales when set against[4] the promise of growth, and billboards proudly herald the coming of “the Las Vegas of Asia”.在过去曾是澳门码头的沿线地区，成群结队的工人们正在“填海造田”：把沙子倒进水中以形成更多的陆地，从而在这片曾经是葡萄牙人的一亩三分地上建造更多的赌场、度假村和饭店。
TEXT 97Health consumerism保护消费者健康权益The wellness boom健康产业飞速发展（陈继龙编译）Jan 4th 2007 | NEW YORKFrom The Economist print editionHelping consumers to lead healthy lifestyles is becoming a big business引导消费者健康生活潮流的行业越做越大。
BACK in 1979, a fat, unhealthy property developer, Mel Zuckerman, and his exercise-fanatic wife, Enid, opened Canyon Ranch, “America's first total vacation/fitness resort”, on an old dude[1]ranch in Tucson, Arizona. At the time, their outdoorsy, new age-ish venture seemed highly eccentric. Today Canyon Ranch is arguably the premium health-spa brand of choice for the super-rich. It is growing fast and now operates in several places, including the Queen Mary 2. It is also one of the leading lights in “wellness”, an increasingly mainstream—and profitable—business.事情要追溯到1979年，身胖体虚的房地产开发商梅尔•扎克尔曼和他喜欢运动的妻子艾妮德开办了Canyon Ranch。
这是“美国首个纯粹的度假和健身胜地”，位于亚利桑那州图森的一个老的度假农场上。
那时，他们冒险投资这一具有新时代特征、倡导户外活动的行业似乎非常不合正轨。
照现在看来，Canyon Ranch已经成为那些富豪们温泉疗养的首选去处。
它发展迅速，现已在好几个地方开展业务，其中包括“玛丽皇后二世”。
它也是“健康产业”的领跑者之一，而后者正日益成为一个有利可图的主流行业。
“There is a new market category called wellness lifestyle, and in a whole range of industries, if you are not addressing that category you are going to find it increasingly hard to stay in business,” enthuses Kevin Kelly, Canyon Ranch's president. (Mr Zuckerman, now a trim and sprightly[2] 78-year-old, remains chairman of the firm.) This broad new category, Mr Kelly goes on, “consolidates a lot of sub-categories” including spas, traditional medicine and alternative medicine, behavioural therapy, spirituality, fitness, nutrition and beauty. （1）As more customers demand a holistic approach to feeling well, firms that have hitherto specialised in only one or two of those areas are now facing growing market pressure to broaden their business. “You can no lo nger satisfy the consumer with just fitness, just medical, just spa,” says Mr Kelly.“如今市场出现了一个新领域，它倡导健康生活方式。
就所有产业而言，假如你置此领域于不顾，你就会发现要想在商业中立足会越来越难。
” Canyon Ranch总经理凯文•凯利热情洋溢地说。
（扎克尔曼仍是董事长，78岁的他现在身体状况良好，精力充沛。
）凯利接着说，这一新型市场领域内容广泛，“包罗万象”，其中包括温泉疗养、传统和新型医疗、行为疗法、精神疗法、健身、营养以及美容。
由于越来越多的消费者讲求整体健康，因此对于那些至今仍然局限于以上一两项内容的公司而言，扩大业务的市场压力日益增大，难以回避。
凯利说：“健身也好，医疗也好，温泉疗养也罢，单靠哪一个都不再能够满足消费者。
”Canyon Ranch's strategy reflects this belief. It is expanding a brand built on $1,000-a-night retreats for the rich and famous in several differentdirections. This year in Miami Beach it will open the first of what it expects to be many upmarket housing estates built around a spa, called Canyon Ranch Living. Together with the Cleveland Clinic, one of the world's leading private providers of t raditional medicine, it is launching an “executive health” product which combines diagnosis, treatment and, above all, prevention. It also has plans to produce food and skin-care products, a range of clothes and healthy-living educational materials.凯利的这一观念在Canyon Ranch的战略中得到了印证。
该公司以为富人名流提供每晚1000美金的休养服务为基础，正朝数个不同方向拓展自己的品牌。
今年，它将在迈阿密海滩开发首批有望成为众多上流人士居住地的房地产项目。
这些房地产位于一个名叫“峡谷农场生活空间”的温泉周围。
它还会同提供传统医疗服务的全球私营医疗先驱——克利弗兰医疗中心，正在开发一个集诊断、治疗和预防于一体的“健康管理”产品。
它还计划生产食品、护肤品、各种服装以及健康生活教育资料。
Already, the new world of wellness is becoming fiercely competitive. Canyon Ranch's rivals include several big, established firms. Sir Richard Branson's Virgin group operates Virgin Life Care kiosks[3] in which people can earn spendable HealthMiles. Insurers such as WellPoint and Britain's PruHealth are rewarding people who take part in health-improvement programmes with lower premiums or bigger deductibles. Wal-Mart is selling organic food, and even Coca-Cola is launching a wellness drink.健康产业这一新领域的竞争已经越来越激烈。
Canyon Ranch的对手包括数家根基已经十分牢固的大型公司。
理查德•布兰逊爵士的Virgin集团开办了Virgin生活呵护凉亭，在那里人们能挣到可供消费的“健康里程”。
WellPoint和英国PruHealth等保险公司正在为那些参加健康促进活动的人们提供奖赏，比如较低的保险金或者较高的免赔额。
沃尔玛也在销售有机食品，就连可口可乐也正开发一种健康饮料。
Perhaps the most interesting entrant to this nascent[4] industry is Revolution, a firm set up in 2005 by Steve Case, co-founder of AOL, an internet firm. （2）He is attacking on several fronts, mostly by buying controlling stakes in small firms that have a big idea and a viable business model, and helping them to grow faster.One of these is Miraval-Life In Balance, a similar outfit to Canyon Ranch, which he hopes to turn into the “Nike brand of wellness” by expanding from its spas, which offer 130 different experiences from yoga to organic cuisine. New initiatives include Miraval Living residential estates—one opens soon in Manhattan—skin-care lotions and food. Revolution also owns Lime, a wellness broadcaster, and Exclusive Resorts, presumably on the grounds that luxury holidays are good for you.入行不久、但在这一新生产业中最引人注目的大概要数史蒂夫•凯泽于2005年建立的Revolution公司。
