上海海事大学英语笔译汉译英文章

文学汉译英案例分析——以《匆匆》英译本为例
唐佳薇
【期刊名称】《海外英语》
【年(卷),期】2024()9
【摘要】随着全球化的深入和国际交流的密切开展,文学翻译越来越受到国际社会的关注。

有别于诗歌及其他体裁的文学作品,散文翻译讲求的是“形散而神不散”,但因为某些原因社会上对散文翻译的研究不够到位。

《匆匆》作为朱自清的代表作之一,有着自己的文化内涵和丰富的情感,发人深省。

张培基先生作为向国际社会传播中国文化的中国散文翻译先驱,他的《匆匆》英译本赢得了很高的赞誉,同时也成为学者们在翻译研究领域的范本。

此文将基于奈达的功能对等理论简要分析张培基《匆匆》译本中译者对原文内容和文体的再现并总结其优点,为之后的文学翻译,尤其是散文的翻译提供参考。

【总页数】4页(P29-32)
【作者】唐佳薇
【作者单位】上海海事大学
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H059
【相关文献】
1.关于朱自清《匆匆》的英译本中体现的“信、达、雅”的探究——以张培基和朱纯深的《匆匆》英译本为例
2.从音律美的角度分析叠词的英译——以《匆匆》的
两个英译本为例3.《匆匆》英译本中的“信、达、美”分析探究——以张培基《匆匆》英译本为例4.从文学文体学角度对比分析《匆匆》英译本——以张培基、朱纯深译本为例
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

Materials for English WritingI. Signs translationTranslate the following signs into English.1. No smoking.2. No littering.3. No trespassing.4. No admission.5. Keep off the grass.6. Handle with care.7. Don’t disturb. 8. Mind your head.9. Seat by number. 10. Visitors declined.11. Staff only. 12. Admission by ticket only.14. Booking office. 15. No right turn. .17. Not for sale. 18. Don’t touch exhibits.19. No thoroughfare. 20. Pay the correct fare, no change back. II. Improve the following sentences1. Li Bai was one of the greatest poets.2. The storm only damaged a few houses.3. My watch is either fast or yours is slow.4. Mrs. Green said to her sister that she had done the right thing.5. The landslide destroyed several houses and five people were killed by it.6. In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.7. He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.8. To tell my friend the good news, the letter was posted at once.9. Fred is energetic, capable and a man you can reply on.10. Nobody knows what killed the dog dead.11. He was asked to repeat the sentence again.12. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.13. He returned in the early part of the month of August.14. Look at that ridiculous lady’s hat!15. Because he was badly ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.16. The boy tried to pull the door open twice.17. He looks up difficult words in his dictionary, and it is very helpful.18. Although he was more than 60 years old, but he continued to work.19. He rode that snowy night and slipped into a ditch, but it was not serious.20. I got up early.21. United , there is little we cannot do; divided, we can do little.22. Languages were not invented; it grew with people’s need for expression.23. What do the rich know about poverty and those who are hungry?24.We are studying foreign languages, most of us want to be translators or interpreters.25. In order to give her a surprise, everything is ready.26. Francis Bacon was not only a great philosopher, but also a famous writer as well.27.There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.28. I was walking by the river yesterday evening and saw a strange boat.29.His wife was about fifty, and I was talking to him when she appeared.30. I do not know his exact age, but I am sure that it is older than you.34. The reason why I do not believe him is because he does not use words exactly.35. I take not only a keen interest in grammar but also in idiom.36. He saw an old woman get on the bus, quickly standing to offer her the seat.37. Standing on the top of the church tower, the whole village could be seen.38. Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.39. I have talked to him yesterday about the work.40. Their mutual affection for each other is known to all who know them.41. She was seriously ill, the boss made her work ten hours a day in hot workshop.paring with the bike, the car runs much faster.43. Being Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home.44. Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.45. Someone are afraid that computers may control men in the future.46. Do exercise in the morning is good for one’s health.47. Why college students spend more and more time on the computer?48. It was blue in color.49.They still live in the small house they have bought 30 years ago.50. Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognized him.III Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.1.The building is large. It is gray. It is on the corner. (one simple sentence)2.Emily offered some kids china-painting lessons. She wanted to earn her living. (periodicsentence)3.Jane played the part of a young, bored housewife. She played the part with great feeling.(compound sentence)4.The man had gray hair and sad eyes. He doesn't live here anymore. (complex sentence)5.The girl is an actress. She works in the grocery store. She is studying for an exam.( compound-complex sentence)6.John felt that the world had come to an end when he wasn't chosen for the football team(periodic sentence)7.The course was not very difficult although I didn’t receive a high grade. (periodic sentence)8.I cleaned the spot on the kitchen floor. It still looked dirty. (compound sentence)9.The children started arguing. I made them turn off the TV. (compound sentence)10.He played the violin well because he had been trained in it from an early age. (periodic sentence)11.The parking problem in the downtown area is getting out of hand. The mayor suggests a newunderground parking garage. (compound sentence)12.English is offered only in the morning. Physics can be taken in the afternoon. (complex sentence)13.Rose disliked walking home from the bus stop. The street had no overhead lights. It was linedwith abandoned buildings. (compound-complex sentence)IV. Read the following paragraphs and find out the topic sentences and supportingsentences.Paragraph 1Warm water freezes more quickly than cold. Sir Francis Bacon stated thatalmost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him—till 1970. In that year,Canadian scientist George Kell proved the English scholar right. Dr. Kell filled anopen pail with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He exposed both to thesame low temperature. The warm water froze first.Topic Sentence: ____________________________________________Details: 1．________________________________________________2．________________________________________________Paragraph 2There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. Among Europeans and people of European ancestry, about 42 percent have type A while 45percent have type O. The rarest is type B. Other races have different percentages. Forexample, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type O.Topic Sentence: ____________________________________________Details: 1．________________________________________________2．________________________________________________Paragraph 3Smoking is harmful. Smoking is bad for people’s health, not only for the smokers but to the people around them. Smoking causes tuberculosis, even lung cancer. Scientists say second-hand smoking is even more harmful to people’s heath. Smoking is a waste of money as you have to buy cigarette when you feel like smoking. Smoking causes pollution and even fire since smokers throw their cigarette ends everywhere. Therefore, smoking is forbidden in many places because of its harmfulness.Topic Sentence: ____________________________________________Details: 1．________________________________________________2．________________________________________________3.____________________________________________V. Notes writingWrite notes of about 50—60 words based on the following situation:1. Write a note to y our foreign teacher asking him to a party to celebrate the Teacher’s Day.2. Write a note to your friend apologizing for not being able to keep an appointment.3. You quarreled with your neighbor last week. Write to her, expressing your regret and suggestinga place to meet.4. Write a note to a foreign teacher, making an appointment to discuss your problems in study withhim or her.VI. Formal invitations writing:1.Translate the following invitation into English:为庆祝ABC电子有限公司成立四十周年，兹订于二零一四年年五月八号（星期日）下午六时三十分在花园酒店举行招待会，敬请您光临。

上海海事大学SHANGHAI MARITIME UNIVERSITY 硕士学位论文MASTER’S DISSERTATION论文题目：从交际翻译理论看公示语的汉译英学位专业：外国语言学及应用语言学作者姓名：姚强指导教师：韩忠华教授魏耀川副教授完成日期：二O O九年五月On the Translation of Chinese Public Signs: From the Perspective of CommunicativeTranslation TheoryBy Yao QiangUnder the Supervision ofProfessor Han Zhonghua & Associate Professor Wei YaochuanA ThesisSubmitted to the College of Foreign Languagesof Shanghai Maritime Universityin Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for MA DegreeShanghai Maritime UniversityMay 2009AcknowledgementsMany people have given their assistance in my preparation of this thesis; however, I alone am responsible for any mistakes and imperfections occurring in it. Like any inexperienced writer, I met with some difficulties at first. And I am clearly aware of the fact that the thesis could not be considerably better but for all the invaluable advice and kind help from these people.My scripts have been carefully read in full by my supervisor, respected Professor Han Zhonghua, who has generously offered his detailed and wide –ranging comments. It is my respected supervisor who makes the deficiencies in my article that used to be apparent and unavoidable become fewer and less glaring. I am also greatly indebted to associate Professor Wei Yaochuan for his generous help. I also benefit greatly from the informative and insightful lectures by Professor Wang Juquan, Professor Wang Dawei and Professor Zhen Lixin. To all these professors great thanks are due.My final and heartfelt thanks must also go to my family for the love, encouragement and support they have been giving me during the two years.摘要随着我国经济的发展和对外开放步伐的加快，中国与国际间的友好往来及经济合作日益增多，对外联系和国际交流日趋频繁。

一、英译中ELYSEE PALACEThe Elysee Palace1 in France enjoys2 equal popularity in the world with the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the Kremlin in Russia as well as the White House in the U.S.A. It is the residence of the president of the French Republic and the symbol of the supreme authority in France.The Elysee Palace, with3 an area of 11,000 square meters, is at3 the eastern end of the Champs Elysee in3 the bustling city of Paris proper and backed by a large and tranquil garden of more than twenty thousand square meters. Its main building, quite handsome and graceful, is a 2-story classical stone architecture of European style, flanked by two side buildings facing each other and with an extensive rectangular courtyard in the middle. There are altogether 369 halls and rooms of different size.法国的爱丽舍宫法国的爱丽舍宫与美国白宫、英国白金汉宫以及俄罗斯的克里姆林宫一样闻名于世（享有盛誉）。

2003年上海海事大学英汉互译考研真题Put the following passage into Chinese∶（本题满分75分）Violence in the School YardI still remember——-my hands and my finger-tips still remember!——-what usedto lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The guava（番石榴）trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps. In places there were even more than just heaps of them: it would be like a muddy sea of leaves."Get that all swept up!"the headmaster would tell us."I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!""At once!"There was enough work there, very hard work, too, to last for a week.Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails."Now see that it's done properly, and be quick about it,"the headmaster would say to the older pupils, "or you'll have to answer for it!"So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops, and we would set to work like members of a chain-gang If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branchespulled from the trees.In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes of Indian corn and the steamed fish, which we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did nofdo this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and often, and with such devilishenjoyment, that even a deaf and dumb person would have realised that we were beingflogged（抽打）not so much to make us work harder，but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally, one of us ,worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be very angry, but the punishment he inflicted on the older boys was always very small——nothin compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained,our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so;I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now thatwe were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to Oour nature _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________Put the following passage into English∶（本题满分75分）关于《红楼梦》的两个英译本中国著名古典小说《红楼梦》，是我们引以为骄傲的优秀民族文化遗产。

San Franciscodreadful 可怕的pagoda 宝塔turntable 转盘San FranciscoSan Francisco, open your Golden Gate, sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April, 1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided, buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills, rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city, where Spanish people were the first to make their homes, is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap; they have not risen, I’m told, for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you, you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians, Italians, Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7Here, with Chinese restaurants, Chinese post-boxes, and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas, it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman’s Wharf, a place all foreigners want to see, is at the end of the ride. You get out, pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable (a city custom), and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon.译文漫步旧金山“旧金山，敞开你的金门吧!”剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完1。

上海海事大学翻硕MTI三跨生考研经验分享终于是拟录取了才敢写这么一篇经验贴。

首先自我介绍一下，本科南昌工程学院，一个普通的不能再普通的二本院校，本科专业是物流管理，大四大六都是裸考过的，刷了一次六级最后才是541，考取的是上海海事大学的MTI。

今年海事不知道为什么人数爆满，听学姐说改MTI试卷的老师有一个都累到送医院了，所以呢比国家线高了7分，复试人数87个人，最后加推免一共录取62个人。

我复试的时候排名是77名，真是为自己的复试表现感到小骄傲。

下面说一下各科的复习攻略。

一、基础英语（100分）1.所用书目：外研社专四词汇语法1000题，新东方的专八词汇，陈琦的GRE3000词，专八阅读，丁晓钟的外刊超精读，星火的改错1000题，冲击波的词汇语法专项训练，星火的英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼，喵大(@鬼谷一喵)的各校真题，17天搞定GRE单词，星火的专八作文，以及打印的各校真题。

2.考试题型与对策2.1单选无非就是语法和词汇，语法我一直以来都是靠语感，然后一边做题一边总结，多做几遍就找到了大多数考题的主要考点，就差不多了，而且今年海事没有考语法，全是词汇。

词汇这一块的话，因为自己是非英专，所以对自己要求比较严格，专八词汇和GRE词汇都背了20多遍，刚刚开始背的时候确实很痛苦，背着背着就想睡觉，我想大多数人一开始都是这样的，所以一定要坚持，并且重复，结合艾宾浩斯记忆曲线，一遍一遍的过，刷遍数，第一次背的时候一天100个，后期可以做到一次背500,甚至1000个单词，而且每天都要背，直到考研那一天，单词背的熟的验证方法就是，你看到这个单词能在3秒内反应过来是什么意思，不求会写，但求熟识。

这样背单词以后，到后期你会发现基本没什么不认识的单词了，做词汇那一块的话就没什么问题了。

刚刚开始背单词前去扇贝网测单词量是4000左右，后面测一下差不多都到20000了，还是蛮有成就感的。

2.2阅读阅读的基础还是词汇和语法，所以还是先背单词，然后我看的是丁晓钟的外刊，慢慢找到语感和出题点，然后后期的时候每天做2-4篇阅读，计时做的那种，然后做完之后查生词，看下自己为什么错，做一个总结。

2007年翻译笔记英译汉I 词性转译1. democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the people in social and political life. 民主进程在老百姓广泛参与社会政治生活中得到了明显体现。

2. Vietnamese war is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗美国的资源。

3. their advantage comes from two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions, and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions.他们的优势来自于两种看似相互矛盾的力量：固守传统及对外国成果和发明的选择性接受。

4. her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge that her parents might return at any moment. 他知道父母随时可能回来，这使他紧张的心情得不到放松。

II变被动为主动1.what is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failurelegislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed. 外界很少有人知道，这种无法作到的情况是立法造成的，是经过精心策划的。

2.Chinese traditions were dominated by group values. 在中国传统中，占主导地位的是群体价值观。

3.values are constantly modified by strong infusions of western ideasboth democratic and Maxist. 价值观在西方民主主义和马克思主义的观念冲击下，在不断地修正。

请注意：如在考试中遇到相同或类似的题目，请按本答案解答，有些答案可能有争议，但此为改卷标准（最佳）答案，否则会被扣分。

2009年考前语法资料I. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition or adverb particle. 15%（不要填连词）1．This situation has brought about some difficulties for the further expansion of their cooperation.2．China has launched a fresh drive to crack down on (take severe messures against) bad English in the run-up to the 2008 Beijing Olympics.3．Adults over age 80 are the fastest growing segment of the population and must will spend years dependent on others for the most basic needs.4．There were doubtless adequate reasons why the suggestion was not acceded to.( acceded to①同意②就任③加入) 补充:①同意 The authorities didn’t accede to the stri ker’s demands.②就任They are ready to accede to our request for further information.我们要是还需要资料,他们乐于随时提供。

③加入She acceded to the throne in 1952.她在一九五二年即位。

短语中英互译询价 enquiry舱位shipping space运费率freight rate航班frequency of sailing报价quotation向我方报价quote us your freight rate航期 transit time随行就市be subject to change with the market 装货 load装载积载 stow(动词),stowage(名词)运载carry卸载 discharge重大件 heavy lift大件货物awkward cargo危险品dangerous goods原残Original damage工残Stevedore damage恶劣天气损Heavy weather damage船汗损失(汗损)Sweat damage偷窃损害Pilferage货物固有缺陷损害Inherent nature or vice of goods 建立业务关系establish business relationship委托代理 agency appointment揽活 canvass cargo 中国外轮代理公司业务章The Business Regulations of China Ocean Shipping Ag ency货运单证 shipping document提单bill of landing货物收据 receipt for the goods运输合同证明evidence of the contract of carriage物权凭证document of title for the goods shown on the B/L.记名提单 Straight B/L指示提单 Order B/L不记名提单 Open(Bearer) B/L已装船提单Shipped(On board) B/L备运提单Received for Shipment B/L清洁提单 Clean B/L不清洁提单 Unclean B/L租船合同 charter party航次租船 voyage charter定期租船time charter光船租船 bareboat(demise) charter速遣费 dispatch (money)滞期费 demurrage (money)订租确认书fixture note受载期 laydays费用 freight租金 charter hire中译英1.请您安排劳氏(Lloyd’s)验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等(deck fittings)在本次航从新加坡至亚丁途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。

上海海事大学英语笔译历年复试真题1、—John, How is it going? —______.（）[单选题] *A. It’s sunnyB. Thank youC. Well doneD. Not bad(正确答案)2、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)3、When you are tired, listen to music and try to _______ yourself. [单选题] *A. supportB. showC. playD. relax(正确答案)4、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would5、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known6、Tom and Mary's house bought last year is（）Lucy, s. [单选题] *A. the three size ofB. three times the size of(正确答案)C. as three times large asD. three times as larger as7、97．Go ______ the square and you will find the theatre. [单选题] *A．aboveB．atC．across(正确答案)D．on8、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness9、—______ pencils are these?—They are Tony’s.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhereC WhoD. Whose(正确答案)10、It’s reported that there are more than 300?_______ smokers in China. [单选题] *A. million(正确答案)B. millionsC. million ofD. millions of11、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read12、They all choose me ______ our class monitor.（）[单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. inC. withD. on13、They returned successfully from ______ moon to _____ earth. [单选题] *A. /; /B. /; theC. the; the(正确答案)D. the; /14、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评15、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long16、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if17、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)18、The hall in our school is _____ to hold 500 people. [单选题] *A. big enough(正确答案)B. enough bigC. very smallD. very big19、This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [单选题] *A. howB. whichC. that(正确答案)D. what20、He went to America last Friday. Alice came to the airport to _______ him _______. [单选题] *A. take; offB. see; off(正确答案)C. send; upD. put; away21、Before leaving the village, he visited the old house _____ he spent his childhood. [单选题] *A in which(正确答案)B. whichC. to whichD at which22、My brother is too shy. He _______ speaks in front of lots of people. [单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom(正确答案)D. sometimes23、53．On your way home, you can buy some fruit, meat, vegetables and ________. [单选题] * A．something else(正确答案)B．else somethingC．everything elseD．else everything24、22．Will there ________ any schools in the future? [单选题] *A．isB．areC．amD．be(正确答案)25、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or26、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice27、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)28、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)29、We _______ swim every day in summer when we were young. [单选题] *A. use toB. are used toC. were used toD. used to(正确答案)30、Experts are making an investigation on the spot. They want to find a way to（）the tower. [单选题] *A. Restore(正确答案)B. resumeC. recoverD. reunite。

上海海事大学外应英汉对比与翻译期末考试知识要点知识点：1.Contrastive Linguistics is a branch of linguistics that aims at a systematic synchronic description of two (or more) languages in order to determine the similarities and differences between them and to find out the implications of such similarities and differences for language-related activities, such as foreign language teaching, interlingual translation, the compilation of bilingual dictionaries, the study of a particular language, the study of language typology, and the study of language universals.2. Classification of contrastive linguisticsTheoretical vs. Applied contrastive linguistics ← theoretical purposes or for practical purposesMicro-contrastive vs. Macro-contrastive ← linguistics the study object and scopeMicro-contrastive : contrastive studies between languages on the formal/structural level, including phonological contrastive studies, lexical contrastive studies, and grammatical contrastive studies.Macro-contrastive: deals with how people speaking different languages are different or similar in their way of forming a text, how they are different or similar in their use of language as a tool of communication, and how different cultures may affect their use of language, and so on.3. Terium Comparationis, TC（第三对比项/共同对比基础/中间对比项）the common point of departure or reference4. Translation equivalence ：（翻译对等项）formal, semantical, pragmatical equivalent4.1 If we are comparing systems and/or structures of linguistic items, we normally take data items that have semantic equivalence and which are as formally close to each other as possible:We must take action before it is too late.我们必须在为时太晚之前采取行动。

UNIT 4II. Translation1.1) The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2)Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and g ravity but failed.3)Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulati ng students' creative imagination.4) As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5) Having realized that nobody could help him,Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.2. What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it "The Wor ld Year of Physics". It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity an d the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly importan t essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievemen ts can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, an d not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest s cientist in the 20th centuryUnit5II. Translation1. 1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.2.Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.Unit 61).The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.2).The salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.3).The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.4).We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.5).The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.2. (P. 182)Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be "in tune with" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.Unit 7II. TranslationI. I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round thehallway at midnight yesterday.2. The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.3. Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.4.I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, I feel like taking avacation at the seaside.5. Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations--- for example,you don’t have your own gardens.6. Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him.。

上海海事大学英美文学研究生考试经验这个学校英语研究生貌似初试试题都相同:二外，语法与翻译，综合英语。

公共课就是政治了。

我当时是在网上下载这个学校试卷的，之后有次上这个学校网站才发现近几年的初试真题都在网站上。

我二外是法语，指定教材是孙辉的，和我本科的教材不同，只能买来教材，从头到尾认真预习加复习。

题型每年貌似都有点变化，这就不多说了，网站上有真题。

最后一题翻译是书上原文。

选择题今年不多，只有几题。

书上的动词变位和选择题还是注意一点，之前貌似考过原题，但不多，可以多做几遍，巩固知识点。

上考场之前总觉得好多没弄明白，但是上考场就够用了。

当时最烦的就是时态语态，我是在最后把所有的归纳在一起背的。

坚持背再做题加深印象。

其实不用额外买语法书的，把书上语法弄透就够了。

我还买了考研必备做题巩固知识点，在网上看到有的学校有原题在上面。

但这个学校貌似还没出现原题。

当然，不知会不会有改变，可以拿来练习巩固知识点。

有选择的做一下就OK了。

我还在网上下载了各大名校历年真题，做了选择题和填空题，就当巩固知识点。

其实考得语法就是冠词，动词变位加时态，关系代词，形容词阴阳形式。

我二外自己觉得没考好，上考场才知道把基本的给忘了，有的形容词阴阳性居然忘了。

今年二外有人考90多分的，所以也挺拉分的。

综合英语指定的是专八大纲，所以历年的专八试题很重要。

这门课其实很好拿分的，最头疼的就属作文了，这两年的题型都是给出好几个题目并规定作文的类型。

要注意自己选的是例证，因果还是其他的。

要写800字，平时有时间可以练练手。

个人推荐因果，我比较喜欢写，又有话说。

网上有人说不要求句式用词多高级，保证基本语法和句式变化。

由于答题纸是联在一起的十几面A4纸，当时好不容易写完后，发现中间漏了几页。

当时真有点害怕，问了监考老师，他们就说这要看阅卷老师了，打个箭头。

我为这个担心好久，还好阅卷老师应该比较仁慈。

完型填空和阅读理解基本上都是专八的阅读理解或是以前考过的原题。

上海海事大学英文作文Studying at Shanghai Maritime University has been an incredible experience. The campus is vibrant and full of energy, with students from all over the world. The professors are knowledgeable and passionate about their subjects, making learning enjoyable and engaging.One of the highlights of my time at Shanghai Maritime University has been the opportunity to participate in various extracurricular activities. From sports clubs to cultural events, there is always something exciting happening on campus. These activities have allowed me to make new friends and learn more about different cultures.Living in Shanghai has also been a unique experience. The city is bustling with life, offering endless opportunities for exploration and discovery. From the historic Bund to the modern skyscrapers of Pudong, there is always something new to see and experience.The international atmosphere at Shanghai Maritime University has broadened my perspective and helped me develop a greater understanding of the world. I have had the chance to interact with students from diverse backgrounds and learn from their experiences. This has been invaluable in shaping my own worldview and enhancing my communication skills.Overall, my time at Shanghai Maritime University has been unforgettable. I have grown both academically and personally, and I am grateful for the opportunity to study at such a prestigious institution. I look forward to applying the knowledge and skills I have gained here in my future endeavors.。

Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces:三个基本因素决定着失业率的变化the growth of the labor force, the increase in output per man-hour每工时产量上的增加, and the growth of total demand for goods and services商品和服务需求总量的增长. 失业及其3项影响因素。

Changes in the average hours of work enter in exactly parallel fashion but have been quantitatively less significant. 工作时间已较不重要。

As productivity rises, less labor is required per dollar of national product, or more goods and services can be produced with the same number of man-hours. 生产效率提高及其影响。

If output does not grow, employment will certainly fall; if production生产产量increases more rapidly than productivity 如果生产产量的增长比生产效率的增长更迅速(less any decline in average hours worked平均工作时间不下降), employment must rise. 产出、生产效率因素与就业间关系。

But the labor force grows, too. 第1因素增加。

Unless gross national product (total final expenditure for goods and services corrected for price changes扣除物价波动因素后最终购买商品和服务的总支出) rises more rapidly than the sum of productivity increase and labor force growth (again modified for any change in hours of work因工作时间的改变而再次被变动), the increase in employment will be inadequate to absorb the growth in the labor force. GNP、生产效率因素与就业关系。