2020年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案

2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28，investigators found that the more children moved，the better their grades were in school，29in the basic subjects of math，English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years，some administrators believe studentsneed to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain，fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress，which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places？It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see di fferences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t？[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific envi ronment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it）than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home，other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place，not the sort of place in itself，that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say，‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there.”[I] Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type，size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were lik e when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane，a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way，that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families，and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas，too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a p roperly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults，which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运），and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A）to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB）to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D）Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours beloved四级翻译（功夫）：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练，它是中国传统体育运动的一种.年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素，作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种的风格，是世界上练得最多的艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物的动作.还有一些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发.Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.四级翻译（木匠）：在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志.潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的.据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地.In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell andbroke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.四级翻译（乌镇）乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔.这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆.在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造.数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市.无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现.Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there. In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.四级阅读选词填空26. 正确选项O tend27. 正确选项M review28. 正确选项L performance29. 正确选项K particularly30. 正确选项N survive31. 正确选项E dropping32. 正确选项J mutually33. 正确选项H flow34. 正确选项F essential35. 正确选项I mood段落匹配36. 正确选项E37. 正确选项L38. 正确选项B39. 正确选项H40. 正确选项N41. 正确选项J42. 正确选项F43. 正确选项C44. 正确选项I45. 正确选项G仔细阅读Passage one46. 正确选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 正确选项D. They are ill-bred.48. 正确选项C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 正确选项D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 正确选项A. Determine what is moral and ethical.Passage Two51. 正确选项A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span52. 正确选项D. They are more likely to get over hardship.53. 正确选项 C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. 正确选项D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..55. 正确选项B. Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health.听力部分1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑,有帮助欢迎下载支持.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.21文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.。

2020年大学英语四级考试试题及答案解析（一）1. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regardB. is regardedC. are regardedD. regards【答案】B解析：句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。

根据动词短语regard...as...把...看作...和句意确定应该用被动语态排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。

2. Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you've made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D解析：考察名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。

A 分配B交往C 获得D 假设，故选择D 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。

本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。

3. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status【答案】C试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。

condition 条件; income 收入; credit 学分，信用(卡);根据句意故选C.4. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。

2020年全国公共英语四级试题及答案（卷四）All immigrants must become permanent residents of the United States before they can __1_ citizenship.People who are residents carry with them a small card called an Alien Registration Receipt Card.This card is __2_ refered to as a "green card", __3_ it is rarely green in color anymore.The forms that __4_ be filled out in order for you to become a permanent resident differ __5_ the type of immigrant you are.__6_ filling out the appropriate forms,most candidates for permanent residency must __7_ photo,fingerprints,a birth __8_ ,a police report from their country,and a health report by a physician __9_ is recognized by the Immigration and Naturalization Service,Candidates must also be __10_ by the Immigration Offfice.It is important to be aware of the __11_ that the process of becoming a permanent resident is often frustrating and sometimes humiliating.__12_,applications get lost.At other times they seem to be __13_.The process usually takes longer than it _14__.Sometimes,during an interview,immigrants are treated rudely and with __15_.Some waiting rooms are dark and dirty.The physicians you are required to see often do not have adequent __16_.The best _17__ we can give you is to remember that the Immigration and Naturalization Service must be responsible for recognizing that dangerous criminals and drug __18_ arenot accepted.If you papers are taking too long to__19_,it is sometimes helpful to contact the local office of an elected official.He or she might be willing to call the Immigration Office on your behalf and possibly help to _20__ the process.1) A ask for B appeal for C apply for D seek for2) A normally B ordinarily C regularly D commonly3) A despite B although C as D in spite of4) A will B shall C must D should5) A from B with C in D by6) A besides B furthermore C however D except that7) A submit B give C supply D offer8) A recommendation B diploma C license D certificate9) A whom B which C who D by whom10) A asked B interrogated C questioned D inteviewed11) A point B fact C view D opinion12) A often B occasionally C rarely D regularly13) A forgetten B discarded C ignored D uncared for14) A should B could C would D might15) A suspect B doubt C suspicion D incredulous16) A equipment B facilities C instruments D appliances17) A proposal B opinion C advice D suggestion18) A lovers B addicts C adorer D fans19) A be settled B be processed C be coped with D be dealt with20) A improve B enhance C hasten up D speed up答案:1--5 CDBCC 6--10 AADCD 11--15 BBCAC 16--20 BCBBDMusic comes in many forms;most countries have style of their own.__1_ the turn of the country when jazz was born,America had no prominent __2_ of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was __3_,or by whom.But it began to be __4_ in the early 1900s.Jazz is America's contribution to __5_ music.In contrast to classic music,which __6_ formal European traditions,jazz is spontaneous and free in form.It bubble with energy,__7_ the modds,interests,and emotions of the people.In the 1920s,jazz __8_ like America.And __9_ it does today.The __10_ of this music are as interesting as the music __11_.American Negroes,or blacks,as they are called today,were the jazz__12_.They were brought to the Southern states __13_ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long __14_.When a Negro died his friend and relatives __15_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans,a band often accompanied the _16__.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow,solemn music suited to the occasion._17__ on the way home the mood charged.Spirits lifted.Death had remove one of their __18_,but the living were glad to be alive.The band played _19__ music,improvising on both the harmony and themelody of the tunes __20_ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance.It was an early form of jazz.1) A at B in C by D on2) A music B song C melody D style3) A discovered B acted C designed D invented4) A noticed B found C listened D heard5) A classical B sacred C light D popular6) A forms B follows C approaches D introduces7) A expressing B explaining C exposing D illustrating8) A appeared B felt C sounded D seemed9) A so B as C either D neither10) A originals B origins C discoveries D resources11) A concered B itself C available D oneself12) A players B followers C pioneers D fans15) A demonstrated B composed C formed D hosted14) A months B weeks C hours D times13) A for B by C with D as16) A demonstration B procession C body D march17) A evenl B therefore C but D so18) A number B members C body D relations19) A sad B solemn C funeral D happy20) A whistled B sung C showed D presented答案:1--5 CDBAD 6--10 BACAB 11--15 BCDCC 16--20 BCBDD1. In ancient China, people used to send smoke _____ to warn that the enemy were coming.A. signsB. signalsC. symbolsD. marks答案: B解析: 这个题考四个名词的比较, 其中: signs 迹象; signals 信号; symbols 象征; marks 分数.2. The icy conditions made our travel dangerous. So _____ going by car we took the underground.A. instead ofB. in addition toC. as well asD. at the cost of答案: A解析: instead of 代替,而不是; in addition to 除了…之外(还有); as well as 也(除…之外), 既…又…; at the cost of 以…为代价. 这道题横线后面是动名词形式,所以选项C和D首先排除.3. Sometimes my job is boring, but _____ I enjoy it.A. by contrastB. by natureC. on the wholeD. on the average答案: C解析: by contrast 与…相比,后面要跟with, by contrast with与…相比较; by nature 本性,生性; on the whole 总的来说; on the average平均.4. I’ll buy the clock _____ it costs.A. whatB. whateverC. whereD. however答案: B解析: 不管花多少钱,我都买下这个钟.5. _____ Mr.Wilson is well again, he can travel.A. Now thatB. So farC. ThoughD. Even if答案: A解析: Now that 既然; So far和现在完成时态连用.1. He( )his previous best performance in the 1000 meters.A. improvesB. improves onC. bettersD. proves2. I( )to interrupt a man when he’s busy working.A. envyB. hateC. admireD. improve3. he was astonished( )what he found.A. atB. toC. forD. on3. They made no effort to hide their amusement( )I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.A. whateverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whenever4. I had hoped to get $1000 for my old car but had to( )a lot less.A. settle downB. settle inC. settle forD. settle on答案 1. B2. B3. A4. D5. CGrandma Moses is among the most celebreted twentieth-century painters of the United States,yet she __1_ painting before she was in her late seventies.As she once spoken __2_ herself:" I would never sit back in a rocking chair,__3_ for some to help me."No one could have a __4_ old age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson _5__ a farm in New York State,one of five boys and girls.("We came in bunches,_6__ radishes.") At twelve she left home and was __7_ domestic service until ,attwnety-seven,she _8__ Thomas Moses,one of the hired hands of her employers.They farms most of their _9__,first in Virginia and then in New York State,_10__ Eagle Bridge.She had ten children,of _11__ five survived; her husband died in 1927.Grandma Moses _12__ a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a _13__, but only switched to oil in old age because her hands become too stiff __14_, and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her _15__ were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon _16__ by a dealer who bought everything _17__ she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibition in the museum of Modern Art,and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York .__18_ the 1930s and her death she produced some 2000 pictures;detailed and lively portrayals of the _19__ life she had known for so long ,with a marvellous _20__ of color and form." I think real hard till think of something real pretty,and then I pain it."she said.1) A barely startedt B was barely stratedC had barely startedD barely start2) A about B of C on D over3) A waiting B to waiting C and writing D am writing4) A very productive B productiveC most productiveD more productive5) A in B at C on D about6) A unlike B like C likely D unlikely7) A for B in C at D under8) A married with B married to C marry D married9) A life B live C lives D lifes10) A in B at C under D on11) A whom B which C that D who12) A worked B read C studied D painted13) A job B fun C hobby D interest14) A sewing B to sew C to sewing D to be sewing15) A books B pictures C arts D clothes16) A spotted B recognized C damaged D featured17) A which B who C whom D that18) A for B in C during D between19) A urban B town C rural D suburban20) A feeling B sense C consciousness D feature参考答案:1--5 CBADC6--10 BBDCB11--15 ADCBB16--20 ADDCBAdvertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because theyhave a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous，’ they say，‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all，it’s the consumer who pays…’The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine，it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance，price，etc.，from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements，but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are，too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or readingrailway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful，witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget，either，that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers，commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper，or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance，you can find a job，buy or sell a house，announce a birth，marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch，match and dispatch’column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!1. What is main idea of this passage?A. Advertisement.B. The benefits of advertisement.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. The costs of advertisement.2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers isA. appreciative.B. trustworthy.C. critical.D. dissatisfactory.3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?A. Because advertisers often brag.B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”。

20年6月四级真题听力原文及答案2020年6月四级真题听力原文11.W: Did you watch the 7 o* clock program on channel 2 yesterday evening? I was about to watch it when someone came to see me.M: Yeah! It reported some major breakthrough in cancer research. People over 40 would find a program worth watching. Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the TV program? 20.W: I won a first prize in the National Writing Contest and I got this camera as an awards IM: It' s a good camera! You can take it when you travel. I had no idea you were a marvelous writer. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?20.M: I wish I hadn' t thrown away that reading list!W: I though you might regret it. That* s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?20.W: Are you still teaching at the junior high school?M: Not since June. My brother and I opened a restaurant as soon as he got out of the army.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?20.M: Hi, Susan! Have you finished reading the book Professor Johnsoi recommended?W: Oh, I haven' t read it through the way I read a novel. I just read a few chapters which interested me.Q: What does the woman mean?20.M: Jane missed the class again, didn* t she? I wonder why?W: Well, I knew she had been absent all week. So I called her this morning to see if she was sick. It turned out that her husband was badly injured in a car accident.Q:What does the woman say about Jane?20.W: I' m sure the Smit hs' new house is somewhere on the street,but I don‘ t know exactly where it is.M: But I’ m told it' s two blocks from their old home.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?20.W: I’ ve been waiting here almost half an hour! How come it took you so long?M: Sorry, honey! I had to drive two blocks before I spotted a place to park the car.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Conversation One:M: Hello, I have a reservation for tonight.W: Your name, please.M: Nelson, Charles Nelson.W: Ok, Mr. Nelson. That' s a room for five and...M: But excuse me, you mean a room for five pounds? I didn' t know the special was so good.W: No, no, hold no-according to our records, a room for 5 guests was booked under your name. M: No, no---hold on. You must have two guests under the name.W: Ok, let me check this again. Oh, here we are.M:Yeah?W: Charles Nelson, a room for one for the 20th...M: Wait, wait. It' s for tonight, not tomorrow night.W: Em..., I don' t think we have any rooms for tonight. There' sa conference going on in town and---er, let' s see...yeah, no rooms.M: Oh, come on! You must have something, anything!W: Well, let---let me check my computer here...Ah!M: What?M: Oh, come on! You must have something, anything!W: There has been a cancellation for this evening. A honeymoonsuite is now available.M: Great, I' II take it.W: But, I 'II have to charge you 200 pounds for the night.M: What? I should have a discount for the inconvenience!W: Well, the best I can give you is a 10% discount plus a ticket for afree continent breakfast.M: Hey, isn' t the breakfast free anyway?W: Well, only on weekends.M: I want to talk to the manager.W: Wait, wait, wait...Mr. Nelson, I think I can give you an additional 20% discount...20. What' stheman' s problem?20. Why did the hotel clerk say they didn' t have any rooms for that night?21. What did the clerk say about the breakfast in the hotel?22. What did the man imply he would do at the end of the conversation?Conversation Two:M: Sarah, you work in the admissions office, don' t you?W: Yes, I' nvHp ve been here ten years as assistant director.M: Really? What does that involve?W: Well, T m in charge of all the admissions of postgraduate students in the universit.M: Only postgraduates?W: Yes, postgraduates only. I have nothing at all to do with undergraduates.M: Do you find that you get particular-sort of...different national groups? I mean, do you get large numbers from Latin America or...W: Yes. Well, of all the students enrolled last year, nearly half werefrom overseas. They were from African countries, the Far East, theMiddle East, and Latin America.M: Em. But have you been doing just that for the last 10 years, or,have you done other things?W: Well, I' ve been doing the same job. Er, before that, I was secretary of the medical school at Birmingham, and further back, I worked in the local government.M: Oh, I see.W: So T ve done different types of things.M: Yes, indeed. How do you imagine your job might develop in the future? Can you imagine shifting into a different kind of responsibility or doing something...W: Oh, yeah, from October 1,I' II be doing an entirely different job.There' s going to be more committee work. I mean, morepolicy work, and less dealing with students, unfortunately-T II miss my contact with students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you' ve just heard:23. What is the woman' s present position?24. What do we learn about the postgraduates enrolled last year in the woman' s university?25. What will the woman' s new job be like?Section A Compound Dictation 复合式听写原文Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well meaning, but some of them aren' i very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in adjusting to college. And a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children' s difficulties. For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don' t realize that the competition is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. Accustomed to seeing A' sandB' s on the high school report cards, they may be upset when their children' s first semester college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently inquire why John or Mary isn' t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threaten to take their children out of college, or cut off funds. Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves, and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different, and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, who are now young adults, must be the onesresponsible for what they do and what they are.Short PassagesPassage 1My mother was born in a small town in northern Italy. She was three when her parents immigrated to America in 2026. They lived in Chicago, where my grandfather worked making ice-cream. Mama thrived in the urban environment. At 20, she graduated first in her high school class, went on to secretarial school and finally worked as an executive secretary for a rare wood company. She was beautiful too. When a local photographer used her pictures in his monthly window display, she felt pleased. Her favorite portrait showed her sitting by Lake Michigan, her hair wind-blown, her gaze reaching towards the horizon.My parents were married in 2044. Dad was a quiet and intelligent man. He was 20 when he left Italy. Soon after, a hit-and-run accident left him with a permanent limp. Dad worked hard selling candy to Chicago office workers on their break. He had little formal schooling. His English was self-taught. Yet he eventually built a small successful whole-sale candy business. Dad was generous and handsome. Mama was devoted to him. After she married, my mother quit her joband gave herself to her family.In 2050, with three small children, Dad moved the family to a farm 40 miles from Chicago. He worked the land and commuted to the city to run his business. Mama said good-bye to her parents and friends and traded her busy city neighborhood for a more isolated life. But she never complained.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard:26: What does the speaker tell us about his mother’s early childhood?27: What do we learn about the speaker’s father?28: What does the speaker say about his mother?Passage 2During a 2095 roof collapse, a fire fighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For 10 years he was unable to speak. Then one Saturday morning, he did something that shocked his family and doctors –he started speaking. “I want to talk to my wife,” Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he has lived for more than 7 years rose to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. “It was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had with his family and friends during the 20 hour stretch.” Herbert’s uncle Simon Manka said. “How long have I been away?” Herbert asked. “We told him almost 10 years.” The uncle said. He thought it was only three months.Herbert was fighting a house fire Dec. 29, 2095, when the roof collapsed burying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since.News accounts in the days and years after his injury, described Herbert as blind and with little, if any, memory. A video shows him receiving physical therapy, but apparently unable to communicate and with little awareness of his surroundings. Manka decl ined to discuss his nephew’s current condition or whether the apparent progress was continuing. “The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert,” he said. As word of Herbert’s progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. “He is resting comfortably,” the uncle told them.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29: What happened to Herbert 10 years ago?30: What surprised Donald Herbert’s family and doctors one Saturday?31: How long did Herbert remain unconscious?32: How did Herbert’s family react to the public attention?Passage 3Almost all states in America have a state fair. They last for one, two or three weeks. The Indiana state fair is one of the largest and oldest state fairs in the United States. It is held every summer.It started in 2052. Its goals were to educate, share ideas a nd present Indiana’s best products. The cost of a single ticket to enter the fair was 20 cents. During the early 2030’s, officials of the fair ruled that people could attend by paying something other than money. For example, farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.With the passage of time, the fair has grown and changed a lot. But it is still one of the Indiana’s celebrated events. People from all over Indiana and from many other states attend the fair.They can do many things at the fair. They can watch the judging of the priced cows, pigs and other animals. They can see sheep getting their wool cut and they can learn how that wool is made into clothing. They can watch cows giving birth. In fact, people can learn about animals they would。

2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28，investigators found that the more children moved，the better their grades were in school，29in the basic subjects of math，English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years，some administrators believe studentsneed to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain，fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress，which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places？It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see di fferences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t？[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific envi ronment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it）than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home，other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place，not the sort of place in itself，that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say，‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there.”[I] Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type，size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were lik e when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane，a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way，that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families，and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas，too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a p roperly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults，which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运），and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A）to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB）to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D）Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours beloved四级翻译（功夫）：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练，它是中国传统体育运动的一种.年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素，作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种的风格，是世界上练得最多的艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物的动作.还有一些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发.Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.四级翻译（木匠）：在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志.潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的.据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地.In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell andbroke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.四级翻译（乌镇）乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔.这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆.在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造.数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市.无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现.Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there. In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.四级阅读选词填空26. 正确选项O tend27. 正确选项M review28. 正确选项L performance29. 正确选项K particularly30. 正确选项N survive31. 正确选项E dropping32. 正确选项J mutually33. 正确选项H flow34. 正确选项F essential35. 正确选项I mood段落匹配36. 正确选项E37. 正确选项L38. 正确选项B39. 正确选项H40. 正确选项N41. 正确选项J42. 正确选项F43. 正确选项C44. 正确选项I45. 正确选项G仔细阅读Passage one46. 正确选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 正确选项D. They are ill-bred.48. 正确选项C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 正确选项D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 正确选项A. Determine what is moral and ethical.Passage Two51. 正确选项A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span52. 正确选项D. They are more likely to get over hardship.53. 正确选项 C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. 正确选项D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..55. 正确选项B. Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health.听力部分1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑,有帮助欢迎下载支持.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.21文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.。

2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第二套）一、听力部分Section A1. 答案：B解析：根据对话，可以得知购物者向售货员咨询特价食品的价格。

2. 答案：C解析：女士询问男士是否去过广州，男士回答他正在那里工作。

3. 答案：A解析：对话中，男士提到他计划去参观一个建筑展览，女士则建议他去参观科技博物馆。

Section B4. 答案：A解析：女士在婚礼上生病，男士主动提出帮忙送晚礼服。

5. 答案：B解析：女士正在找工作，男士就女士关于工作的问题给出建议。

6. 答案：C解析：对话中，男士询问女士是否对比赛感到紧张，女士回答说她很兴奋。

Section C7. 答案：B解析：讲座中提到，人们使用社交媒体来建立和维护社交关系。

8. 答案：A解析：讲座中提到，过多地依赖社交媒体可能导致孤立和焦虑。

9. 答案：C解析：讲座中的例子表明，人们可能会在社交媒体上展示过度的积极情绪或幸福生活。

Section D10. 答案：D解析：广告说明了新产品的特点和价格，最后提到消费者可以在网上购买。

11. 答案：A解析：广告中提到，购买新产品的消费者可以获得额外的现金返还。

12. 答案：B解析：广告提到消费者可以在购买新产品时享受特别优惠价。

二、阅读部分Passage 113. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，大量研究表明，阅读对个人的心理健康有益。

14. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，阅读可以帮助人们减轻压力和放松大脑。

15. 答案：B解析：根据文章第四段，阅读可以帮助人们学习新的事物和扩展知识。

Passage 216. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，当地政府已经发起了一项计划，将现有的溪流修复为自然生态景观。

17. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，溪流的修复不仅可以改善水质，还能提供更多的自然资源。

18. 答案：D解析：根据文章最后一段，修复的溪流有望吸引更多的游客，促进当地经济发展。

Passage 319. 答案：B解析：根据文章第一段，数字支付正在变得越来越普遍，并在全球范围内快速增长。

2020上半年英语四级真题及答案Part I Writiig (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minites to wrile an essagfonh online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular". You shouli urrite at least 120 wonds but no more then 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear too or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.B) Warm currents mn the ocean.C) Exhaust from cars in Europe.D) Particles emitted by power plants.2. A) They need to be taken seriously.B) They have a huge effect on fishery.C) They might be causing trouble to air fights.D) They may be affecting the world's climate.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To appeal for higher wages.B) To demand better health care.C) To call for a permnanent security guard.D) To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.4. A) It had already taken strong action.B) It would put customers' needs fiust.C) It would take their appeal seriously.D) It was seeking help from the police.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news repoirt you have just heard.5. A) The road was flooded.B) The road was blocked.C) The road wasfrozen with snow.D) The road was covered with spilled gas.6. A) A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.B) The heavy snow made driving very difficult.C) The truck driver dozed off while driving.D) A truck hit a barrier and overtumed.7. A) It was a long time before the dleanup was fnished.B) It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.C) It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.D) It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.Section BDirections: In this section, you wil hear twoo long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questioms will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding Letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) She wanted to save for a new phone.C) She could enjoy discounts with cash.B) She found it much safer to use cash.D) She had been cheated using phone apps.9. A) They can save a lot more time and trouble.B) They find it less difficult to make purchases.C) They derive greater pleasure from buying things.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10. A) More valuable items.B) More non-essential things.C) Everyday necessities.D) Electronic devices.11. A) It can improve shopping efficiency.B) It is altering the way of shopping.C) It may lead to excessive spending.D) It appeals more to younger people.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He wanted to order some wooden furniture.B) He had to change the furmiture delivery time.C) He had a problem with the fumiture delivered.D) He wanted the furmiture store to give him a refund.13. A) Send the furniture back to the store.B) Describe the fumiture he received.C) Collect the fumiture he ordered.D) Buy another brand of fumiture.14. A) Correct their mistake.B) Improve their service.C) Apologize to his wife.D) Give the money back.15. A) She recommended a new style.B) She offered some gift to the man.C) She apologized to the man once more.D) She checked all the items with the man.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best ansuwer. from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Reading books of wisdom.B) Tidying up one's home.C) Sharing with others.D) Donating to charity.17. A) Things that make one happy.B) Things that are becoming rare.C) Things that occupy lttle space.D) Things that cost a lot of money.18. A) It joined the city's clean-up campaign.B) It sold as many as fty boxes of books.C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.D) It did lttle business because of the unusual cold weather.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.B) Provide shelter for the homeless.C) Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.D) Call for change in the local government.20. A) Strengthen co-operation.C) Win national support.B) Promote understanding.D) Follow his exarmple.21. A) Spreading news of his deeds.B) Writing him thank-you notes.C) Following the example he sets.D) Sending him hand- made bags.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.B) To send smartphone messages.C) To test their eyesight using a phone app.D) To install some audio equipment in a lab.23. A) They could not go on until the ringing stopped.B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.C) They grabbed the phone and called back right away.D) They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.24. A) A rise In emotional problems.B) A decline in sports activities.C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.D) A decline in academuc perforance.25. A) Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.B) Take effective measures to raise productivity.C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.D) Ensure they have suffcient sleep every day.Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankt following the passage.Read the passage through canfully before making your choices. Bach choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Ansuer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wornds in the bankt more than once.There're three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the26______ups and downs of investunent markets actually not so muchthe ups,but 27______ the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a 28______percentage of cases of debt- induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt related financial difculties for many.The third type of stress and 29______ the least known is inherited fnancial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly 30______and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31______Those suffering inherited financial anciety 32______to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand: they would33______exarmining their financial statements, budgeting,and discussing fnancial matters with those closest to them. Alternatiely,they would go to the other,and micro-analyze everything, to the point of complete They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.A) appearanceB) arguedC) avoidD) considerableE) definitelyF) extremeG) inactionH) incrediblyI) normalJ) possiblyK) propositionL) rebelledM) statementN) tendO) traditionalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage writh ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragmaphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mone than once. Each paragraph is manked with a letter. Ansuwer the questioms by manking the corresponding letter om Ansuer Sheet 2.Doctor's orders: Let children just playA) Imagine a dnug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation's leading pediatricians say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.B)“This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be leamed when kids aren't told what to do,said Dr.Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it's rough physical play, outdoor play or pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go, he said.C) The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a shock to some parents. After spending years fretting over which toys to buy, which apps to download and which skill-building programs如o send their kids to after school, letting them simply play or better yet, playing with them- could seem like a step backward. The pediatricians insist that it's not. The academy's guidance does not include specific recommendations forthe dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies tum two that play is essential to healthy development.D)“Play is not silly behavior,”the academy's report declares.It fosters children's creativity,cooperation, and problem- solving slills- all of which are critical for a 2lst century workforce.When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress , including poverty, the academy says. In the pediatricians' view, essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up with play.“ Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making,creativity, leadership, and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefts children gain through play," they wrote. The pediatricians' appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.E) The trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and 1997, detailed time use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001，public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing forstandardized tests. The focus on academic“skill and drills" has cut deeply into recessand other time for free play.F) By 2009, a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of “choice time," when they were permitted to play freely with blocks, toys or other children.One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for“ free play.”Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U. S. kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American Academy ofPediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the“crucial role of recess in school.”G) Pediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed. In a report titled“Crisis in the Kindergarten,"a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood“a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world.”Kids in play-based kindergartens“ end up equally good or better at reading and other intellectual skills,and they are more likely to become well- adjusted healthy people," the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009.Indeed, new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said. The trial asssed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention aimed a tpreschoolers.The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.H) Another playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day,including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep deprivation and cogmnitioe，language and social-emotional delays, the American Academy of Pediatrics warmed in 2016.I)“I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone," Yogman said.“But there's a cost to that. For young children, it's much too passive. And kids really leam better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things.J) The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they aredisproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce:academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores,outside play areas that are limited or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.K) Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids. “The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service," he said. Even well-meaning parents may be“robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity- -the opportunity如o find things out on their own.L) Play may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediaticians' new prescription may meet with skepticism from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lemner said.“It's liberating to be able to offer them this advice: that you spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do," he said.“It doesn't have to involve spending a lot of money or time , or joining a parenting group. It's something we can offer that's achievable. They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable. ”36.Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime.37.Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities.38.It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians' recommendation， their parents may doubt its feasibility.39.According to some professionals, deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.40.By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.41.Playing with digital devices discourages kds from active discovery, according to pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman.42.The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children's skills.43. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time may not be helpful to their growth.44. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely.45. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are leaming how to create things.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mank the corresponding letter on AnsuerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Paasage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Americans spend bilions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.Trying to live uψ to the images of“perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety,depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a fnancial cost.Having an eating disorder boosts arnual health care costs by nearly US $2 000 per person.Why is there both extemal and internal pressure to look“ perfect"? One reason is that society rewards people who are thinand healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question.Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earmings and other indicators of success in the workplace?Our recently published study answered this question by tracling a large national random sarmple of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they're heavier than they are- -while men tend to under-perceive theirs.We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes，although self-perceived weight can influence self- esteem, mental health and health behaviors.While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market,changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?A) Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.B) Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.C) Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.D) Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.47. What have researchers found out about people's eamings?A) They are closely related to people's social status.B) They have to do with people's body weight and shape.C) They seem to matter much less to men than to women.D) They may not be equal to people's contributions.48. What does the author's recent study focus on?A) Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.B) Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.C) Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.D) How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement.49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?A) Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.B) People are not adversely affected in the workplace by falseself-perception of body weight.C) Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.D) Gender inequality continues to fnustrate a lot of female employees.50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?A) Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image.B) Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.C) Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.D) Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following paasage.The work-life balance is dead. By this, I'm not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulblling career and a thriving personal life, and I'm definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but T'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it's too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.At the minimum, most of us work because we want如be able to support ourselves , our fanilies,and the people around us. In the ideal world, we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life, it's a lttle bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terible outcomes. It's more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.How we tlk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let's bury “work-life balance”and think bigger and better about work-life fulfllment to do a little less balancing anda lot more living.51. What does the author suggest by saying“The work-life balance is dead"?A) The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.B) The pursuit of a ful6lling career involves personal sacrifice.C) The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore.D) The concept of work-life balance contributes lttle to a flflling life.52. What does the author say about our use of language?A) It impacts how we think and behave.C) It reflects how we communicate.B) It changes with the passage of time.D) It differs from person to person.53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?A) We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.B) We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.C) We do meaningful work that contributes to society.D) We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.54. What does the author say about life?A) It is cyclical.C) It is fuflling.B) It is dynamic.D) It is risky.55. What does the author advise us to do?A) Make life as simple as possible.C) Balance life and work in a new way.B) Talk about balance in simpler terms.D) Strive for a more fulflling life.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Ansuer Sheet 2.茅台( Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒,在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。

大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2020年6月四级英语听力真题及答案2020年6月英语六级听力真题(MP3+试题+答案+原文)：Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A)They came in five different colors.B)They were good value for money.C)They were a very good design.D)They were sold out very quickly.2.A)Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B)Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C)Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D)Report her problem to the dorm management.3.A)The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B)He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C)Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D)The washing machine should be checked annually. 4.A)The man fell down when removing the painting.B)The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C)The woman likes the painting on the wall.D)The painting is now being reframed.5.A)It must be missing.B)It was left in the room.C)The man took it to the market.D)She placed it on the dressing table.6.A)Go to a play.B)Meet Janet.C)Book some tickets.D)Have a get-together.7.A)One box of books is found missing.B)Some of the boxes arrived too late.C)C) Replacements have to be ordered.D)Some of the books are damaged.8.A) The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B) The man did not expect his paper to be graded so soon.C) Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D) Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B)To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C)To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D)To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10.A) To teach him how to use the kitchenware.B) To discuss cooking experiences with him.C) To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D) To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11.A) There are so many different sorts of knives.B) Cooking devices are such practical presents.C) A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D) Saucepans and frying pans arc a must in the kitchen.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Some now problems in her work.B) Cooperation with an international bank.C) Her chance for promotion in the bank.D) Her intention to leave her present job.13.A) The World Bank.B) Bank of Washington.C) A US finance corporation.D) An investment bank in New York.14.A) Supervising financial transactions.B) Taking charge of public relations.C) Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D) Offering service to international companies in the United States.15.A) It is a first major step to realizing the woman’s dream.B) It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C) It is a loss for her current company.D) It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections： In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to aroommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.。