(完整版)上海市普陀区2017-2018学年生命科学等级考二模试卷及参考答案

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。

3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1.某同学从花鸟市场买了一盆幸福树，养了一段时间后发现老叶的叶脉缺绿。

他上网查阅资料得知这是因为叶绿素合成受影响导致的，如果要解决这个问题，给幸福树施加的营养液中应富含A. Na+B. Mg2+C. Ca2+D. Cl-2.原核细胞和真核细胞都有的细胞结构是A. 核膜B. 核糖体C. 线粒体D. 内质网3.下列化合物中，与葡萄糖的元素组成完全相同的是A. 纤维素B. 蛋白质C. 核酸D. 磷脂4.安装于目镜（16X）中的测微尺在低倍物镜（10X）和高倍物镜（40X）视野中每小格代表的长度分别为6.71 μm和1.68 μm。

在高倍物镜下测量到某细胞长度为10小格，则该细胞实际长度为A. 67.1 μmB. 16.8 μmC. 0.671 μmD. 0.168 μm5.图1是烟草花叶病毒的示意图，该病毒的遗传物质是A. DNAB. RNAC. 蛋白质D. 氨基酸6.科学家在西伯利亚冻土层发现保存完好的猛犸象肌肉组织，为―复活‖猛犸象，科学家构想将其肌肉细胞的细胞核注入亚洲象的无核卵细胞中，在体外培养成胚胎后植入代孕母象，这一构想所使用的技术属于A. 诱变育种技术B. 克隆技术C. 单倍体育种技术D. 杂交育种技术7.图2为氨基酸的结构通式。

组成人体蛋白质的氨基酸有20种，这些氨基酸的差异主要体现在A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④8.图3为细胞膜的结构模式图，图中序号与其所示化合物正确对对应的是A. ①脂肪酸B. ②蛋白质C. ③糖链D. ④磷脂9.用―×‖表示―不需要‖，―√‖表示―需要‖。

2018学年度第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：1、本试卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分；2、请将所有答案写在答题纸上，且答案不能写到答题纸相应题号的边框外。

一选择题(共60分，每题仅有一个最适答案)（一）1分题1. 下列关于病毒的说法，正确的是( )A．能在宿主细胞内合成蛋白质B．含有核糖体，没有其他细胞器C．非寄生时能复制增殖D．含有DNA和RNA2.3.欲测定某种酶的催化反应速率，人们设计了如下几种方案，其中最可行的是( ) A．其它条件最适，改变温度，观察反应生成物的量B．其它条件最适，改变反应时间，观察反应生成物的量C．其它条件最适，改变酶的浓度，观察反应生成物的量D. 其它条件最适，改变反应物浓度，观察反应生成物的量4.高等动物获取外界化学信息的主要感受器是（）①眼的光感受器②耳的声感受器③皮肤感受器④舌的味感受器⑤鼻黏膜嗅感受器A．①②③ B．④⑤ C．③⑤ D．③④⑤5.用豌豆进行遗传试验时，下列操作错误的是（）A. 杂交时，须在开花前除去母本的雄蕊B. 自交时，雌蕊和雄蕊都无需除去C. 杂交时，须在开花前除去母本的雌蕊D. 人工授粉后，应套袋6. 某基因含有m个碱基，它控制合成的蛋白质有两条肽链。

则在基因表达过程中合成的mRNA 所含有的碱基数以及合成多肽链时脱去的水分子数分别是（不考虑不表达部分）（）A．m、m/3 －1 B．m、 m/3 －2C． m/2、m/6 －1 D．m/2、m/6 －2（二）2分题7.科学方法是生命科学学习与研究的精髓之一，下列有关叙述错误的是（）A．模型是人们为了某种特定目的而对认识对象所作的一种简化的概括性的描述，如DNA双螺旋结构模型，种群“J”型增长的数学模型B．传感器技术的发展有利于生命科学定量实验研究，如利用氧传感器可以很容易测出密闭容器中氧气含量的变化（实验植物光合作用）C．摩尔根及其同事运用假说演绎法，合理地解释了果蝇红白眼性状的遗传现象，并用实验证明基因在染色体上D．采用样方法和标志重捕法可分别调查植物的种群密度和土壤动物的丰富度8.成年人的膳食中如果缺少某种维生素就会出现相应的缺乏症，如坏血病、脚气病等都属于维生素缺乏症，出现这些症状所缺少的维生素依次是（）①维生素B1 ②维生素C ③维生素A ④维生素DA．②① B．③②C．③④ D．④①9．有关如图所示模拟实验的叙述，正确的是( )A．甲和乙都不产生气泡B．甲产生气泡与光有关C．甲和乙都产生气泡，气泡成分不同D．甲和乙都产生气泡，气泡成分相同10.在含有酵母菌的葡萄糖溶液中，通入不同浓度的氧气时，其产生的C2H5OH和CO2的量如下A．a浓度时酵母菌有氧呼吸速率等于无氧呼吸速率B．b浓度时有有2/3的葡萄糖用于无氧呼吸C．c浓度时有2/3的葡萄糖用于有氧呼吸D．d浓度时酵母菌只进行有氧呼吸，未进行无氧呼吸11.右图为在某种光强度和一定温度下，不同二氧化碳浓度影响某绿色植物O2的释放量（单位叶面积·每小时）绘制成的相应曲线。

普陀区2017-2018学年度高中学业（等级考）质量调研生命科学试卷注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上3．.考试结束后保留试卷方便讲解，只交答卷一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下图箭头所指的化学键中，表示肽键的是（）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④2、肉毒杆菌是一种生长在缺氧环境下的细菌，其生命活动过程中会分泌一种蛋白质类的肉毒杆菌毒素。

下列叙述错误的是（）A．肉毒杆菌是原核生物，没有成形的细胞核B．肉毒杆菌的遗传物质是DNAC．肉毒杆菌维持生命活动的能量不来自线粒体D．肉毒杆菌毒素的加工和分泌过程有内质网和高尔基体的参与3、将A、B两种物质混合，T1时加入酶C。

下图为最适温度下A、B浓度的变化曲线。

叙述错误的是（）A．酶C能催化A生成BB．该体系中酶促反应速率先快后慢C．T2后B增加缓慢是酶活性降低导致的D．适当降低反应温度，T2值增大4、为研究植物细胞质壁分离现象，某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定浓度的甲物质溶液中，一段时间后观察到叶表皮细胞发生了质壁分离现象。

下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞B ．细胞内渗透压小于细胞外的渗透压C ．细胞液中的H 2O 可以经扩散进入甲物质溶液中D ．甲物质和H 2O 能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞膜5．右图显示的是叶绿体结构，下列有关判断错误的是（ ）A ．甲为单层膜结构B ．氧气在乙处产生C ．乙和丙中都含有H +D ．缺少CO 2时乙中的生理活动不受影响6、下图为某学生整理的关于植物体内 “碳”循环示意图，其中不存在的环节是（ ）A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④7、将云母片插入苗尖端及其下部的不同位置如图所示，给与单侧光照射，下列不发生弯曲生长的是（ ）8、下图示意老鼠恐惧反射建立的过程，其中分析正确的是（ ）A ．图甲中的声音属于无关刺激B ．图乙中电击属于条件刺激丁C．图丙中的声音属于非条件刺激D．条件反射一旦形成，不易消退9、下图表示机体特异性免疫的部分过程示意图。

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学答案解析 一、选择题1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】D5.【答案】A6.【答案】C7.【答案】A8.【答案】C9.【答案】A 10.【答案】D 11.【答案】B 12.【答案】C13.【答案】B14.【答案】D15.【答案】A16.【答案】D17.【答案】C18.【答案】D19.【答案】C20.【答案】C二、综合分析题（一）细胞和细胞分裂21.【答案】D22.【答案】磷脂、蛋白质23.【答案】D24.【答案】ABCD25.【答案】DNA 含量差异：X 1的DNA 含量是X 3的1/2________________ ___________细胞核形态差异：X 1有核膜、核仁、染色质，X 3核膜核仁解体消失，染色质螺旋化为染色体意义：X 1有利于DNA 的精确复制和转录，X 3有利于染色体的移动、遗传物质的平均分配（二）生命活动调节26.【答案】A27.【答案】外负内正28.【答案】B29.【答案】ABC30.【答案】AC31.【答案】对照组：电磁波基本不影响对照组的血糖变化实验组：在45min 之前，电磁波使实验组血糖显著上升，而在45min 后趋于稳定（三）人类遗传病32.【答案】隐33.【答案】X 高34.【答案】XY35.【答案】基因检测/基因诊断36.【答案】ACD（四）生物技术及生命科学的应用37.【答案】某分泌型脂肪酶编码基因（或LP ） EcoR138.【答案】沉淀39.【答案】优：固定化酶的活性随温度升高而升高，在45-60℃时酶的固定化活性最高。

劣：在30-40℃时，固定化酶的活性比非固定化酶活性低。

（五）光合作用40.【答案】类囊体 ② 2O 2CO41.【答案】30℃42.【答案】2CO 是光合作用的原料，2CO 浓度为1.2-1.6 olL 时，有利于光合作用，温度为26℃ 时，光合作用的酶活性高，呼吸作用的速率酶活性低，光合速率显著上升43.【答案】方案一合理：图中2CO 浓度为1.4-1.6mol/L ，30℃时，光合速率大且稳定局限：光合作用酶的最适温度比呼吸作用酶低，温度为30℃时，呼吸速率较大，不利于光和产量的提高。

2017 年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学 试卷考生注意：1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 图 1 所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于 A. 动物动物 B. RNA 病毒病毒病毒 C. 植物植物D. DNA病毒病毒病毒2. 食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④3. 在“观察蚕豆叶下表皮”实验中，低倍镜视野下观测到保卫细胞位于视野右下角，欲在高倍镜视野下进一步清晰观察该细胞，下列操作中错．误．的是的是 A. 移动载玻片移动载玻片B. 换为低倍镜换为低倍镜C. 换为高倍镜换为高倍镜D. 调节细调节器调节细调节器4. 为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表 1 1 1。

由此判断该食品样液中至少含有由此判断该食品样液中至少含有 A. 还原性糖和脂肪还原性糖和脂肪 鉴定标本鉴定用试剂 现象 B. 蛋白质和还原性糖蛋白质和还原性糖 1 双缩脲试剂双缩脲试剂 紫色紫色 C. 还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪 2 苏丹Ⅲ染液苏丹Ⅲ染液 橘红色橘红色 D. 蛋白质和脂肪蛋白质和脂肪 3班氏试剂班氏试剂 颜色不变颜色不变表 1 15. 在“探究细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离程度的关系”实验中，采用原生质层长度（B ）与细胞长度(A)的比值（B/A ）表示质壁分离程度，表）表示质壁分离程度，表 2 是某同学对是某同学对 4 个洋葱表皮细胞个洋葱表皮细胞 A 、B 值测量后的处理结果，其中错误．．的是的是细胞 细胞Ⅰ 细胞Ⅱ 细胞Ⅲ 细胞ⅣB/A 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 表 2 A. 细胞Ⅰ细胞ⅠB. 细胞Ⅱ细胞ⅡC. 细胞Ⅲ细胞ⅢD. 细胞Ⅳ 6. 视网膜色素变性患者，某基因得测序结果显示，与正常人相比，患者模板链的互补碱基序列发生了改变（图序列发生了改变（图 3），据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是，据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是图 3 A. G→CB. U→TC. G→AD. C→T7. 病原微生物的表面抗原是疫苗制备的主要来源，下列构成病原微生物的组分中，最适用来制备疫苗的是来制备疫苗的是 A. 病毒衣壳蛋白病毒衣壳蛋白B. 病毒病毒A TP C. 病毒逆转录酶病毒逆转录酶D. 病毒 mRNA 8. 皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的①特异性免疫①特异性免疫 ②先天性免疫②先天性免疫 ③非特异性免疫③非特异性免疫 ④获得性免疫④获得性免疫 A. ①③①③B. ①④①④C. ②③②③D. ②④②④9. 用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是A B C D10. Turner 综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图 4，据图判断造成Turner 综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是图 4A. 染色体易位染色体易位B. 染色体数目增加染色体数目增加C. 染色体片段缺失染色体片段缺失D. 整条染色体缺失整条染色体缺失11.图 5 为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ-Ⅳ表示该过程中的不同阶段。

普陀区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Af t er you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f o ur possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. D. Cloudy.2.A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140 minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and w i fe.4. A.In a meeting room. B.In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police stat i on.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A.The w o man shouldn't be so upset. B. He's an hour late for the interview.C. The w o man should be patient.D. He's too nervous to calm dow n.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not w o rk hard enough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-w o rking.8. A. He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He w ants to spend more time w ith his family.C.He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too Iow to support his family.9. A. The w o man doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies.B. The w o man doesn't think her son w i ll get a business degree.C. The w o man insists that her son should major in science.D. The w o man advises her son to think tw i ce before making his decision.10. A.It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C.It broke dow n on road.D. It Ieft the road and landed in a field.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages an d the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear aquestion,read the f o ur possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11.A. Noise. B.Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B.A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A law y er.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. TQ make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking law s.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference w i th the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politen e ss.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn't feel like eat i ng.C. He.can't sleep very w e ll.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment w i th rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment w i th rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment w i th rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment w i th rays.19.A.Every day for seven w e eks. B.Three times a w e ek for seven w e eks.C. Three times a w e ek for three w e eks.D. Tw e nty times for tw o w e eks.20. A. Use hot w a ter pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold w a ter.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passage below, f ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no oneknow s how it ended.Thompson w as born in Delaw are (2l)the east coast of the United States in1906. Afterfin ishing h igh school, Thompson w ent to Princeton Univ ersity and later studied architecture at theUnivers ity of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson w orked as an architect in New Y orkCity until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _(serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intellig ence for the army in Thailand, It w as this first taste of life in the Far East (23)changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there,becoming (24)(involve) in an amb i tious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another schemethatw o uld eventually make him a million a ire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25)he considered exquisite(精美的)samples ofhandw o ven Thai silk, a product that (26)(become) rare. He persuaded the w e avers to w o rk w i th him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry w a s revived(复兴)and thebusiness made Thompson and some of the w e avers very w e althy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his orig inal interest in architecture on the side. He found six tradition al Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beaut iful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled w i th the w o rks of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he w ent for a w alk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30)(find) as to w hat happened to this w ealthy Amer ican businessman w h o is credited w i th single-handed l y reviv i ng the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the f o llowing passage by using the wo r d s in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ConcernB.dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE.impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I.residents J. signif i cantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Med ical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delh iof high levels of air pollution. Schools w ere shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the31of air pollut i on in Chin a shows that, in addit i on to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知),32reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and humancapital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the tradition al focus ofboosting GDP in the develop i ng w o rld.India’s recent pollut i on emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollut i on, but smoggy skies have been a cause of grow i ng 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing w orld — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollut i on at several times the WHO safe lim i ts. In fact, 98% of cities w i th more than 100,000 37 in low and middle- income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollut ion are w ell recognized, and examin ing the effects provides clear w a rnings for other countries seeking fast grow t h through rapid industrializat i on.We used nationally38 longitud i na（l纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched w ith daily air quality data for the time and place of interview s, to see w hat pollut ion does in a given time to indiv idual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey w as 39 multip le times, w e can control for the effect of indiv idual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that w o rsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day40 to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one w ould experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f i ts the context.Glo b alization: Good or Bad?Globalizat ion is defined in many w ays. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in internat ional free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this internat ional trade has been one of the main causes of w orld economic 42 over the past half century.Although there is litt le doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others havesuffered as a result.Improved income?An argument43globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade areshared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, w here per capita income( 人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy byover 100% in India betw een 1980 and 1996. It w ould appear that countries w hich open their doorsto w o rld trade tend to become45 .How ever, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", anddespite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minor ity of people,the vast major i ty have only seen a47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in internat ional trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries w hichproduce and export coffee import the packaging for it : a(n) 49 trade w hich enables commerceto develop in tw o countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such ascoffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packagingmaterials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmersmay be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries w hich arealready successful. Thesecountriesdevelop expertise(专门技能) and increasetheir share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries w hich_54 to support all their industriesusually do not develop expert ise in anyone. Consequently, thesecountries do not finda w orldmarket for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Ant i-glob alists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry.Countries w hich onlyconcentrate onone or two main industries are forced to import other goods. Theseimported goods are frequentlyoverpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency toaccumulate huge debts.41. A. ind i cation42. A. systems43. A. in favor of B. princip l eB. solutionB. on account ofC. definit i onC. crisesC. w i th regard ofD. factorD. grow t hD. in honor of44. A. Fortunately B. Sim i larly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. w e althier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake49. A. tw o-w a y B. qualifyB. all- inclusiv eC. fightC. officialD. requireD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorit i es51. A. otherw i se B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages54. A. stop B. restrictsB. continueC. forbidsC. failD. forcesD. refuse55. A. globalizat i on B. transformation C. specialization D. identif i cationSection B 22% .Directions: Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements.For each of them there are f our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe w o rd "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It w as a time w hen the African American artistic community grew and flour ished, producing a ton of w ork in a short period of time. The w ork celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civ il War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Betw een 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in th e Great Migrat ion. The African American popu lat ion of Chicago more than doub led during th at time! And in New Y ork, African Americans flocked to uptow n Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Har lem. Forming a community w ithin the big city let African Amer icans keep their cultural ident ity in a w hite-dominated society. It w as a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues w ere brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time w as the African Amer ican w riter, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of BlackFolk, in 1903, Du Bois w rote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called“doub le consciousness”. They had their ow n self-image w hile they saw themselves through the eyes or w hite Amer icans. And performers likeJosephine Baker and Paul Rob eson brought African Amer ican culture to all New Y orkers. The Renaissance w a s so influential that "Har l em " grew into something of a brand name, African Americans w ere pushing boundaries across all aspects of s ociety. Black business began to flourish, creating a grow ing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker w ho turned her cosmetics line into a million do llar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mob i lize the larger black population. Y oung African- Americans took advantage ofimproved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and w hite - began the push for racial integrat i on, planting the seeds of w h at w o uld eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Amer i cans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimin a tion.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bo i s contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He w r ote plays about the African-American experience.D. He w r ote about the struggleforAfrican-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status ofAfrican American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all w e re unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority w e re considered low e r class.C.Most w e re regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage w e re recognized as w e althy,59.What factor allow e d many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law ?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture toindustry.D. Push for unity among all Afr i cans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic build i ngs.The Essential T our brings to life the story behind the design and constructionof one of the w orld's most ing interactive audio-v isual technology, your guide w ill take you on a memorable journey ins ide the youngest budding ever to be WorldHer i tage listed.Afterw a rds, w h y not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, w i th its modern Australian menu? Y ou can both enjoythe best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of yourmeal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanT ak e s place: Daily betw e en 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions: Australiansen i ors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50 Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage T our gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real- life dramas behind the stage! Y ou might ev e n get to stand onthe concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagin e you are leading the performance. Y ou w i ll also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes w ith a compliment ary breakfast in the Green Room, The private din i ng area of performers past and present.T ak e s place: Dally a t 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.T o purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Lim i ted to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm tw o days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be w orn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High T ea consists of a tour w here you w ill w alk in the footsteps of w orld-class singers, dancers and musicians, follow ed by finefood and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong D in ing Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks follow e d by a live recital by a leading A ustralian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!T akes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler w i ll en j oy a performance if he choose .A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joiningthe Backstage Tour, a traveler .A.is allow e d to w e ar sneakers ' w h en standing on the stage. .B. w i ll have an opportunity to be the conductor ofthe orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple w ho travelled w ith their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there. w h at w o uld the low e st cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of liv ing th ings in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze w hy 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 per cent of land life van ished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions w ere so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it w as not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims w e re exaggeratedBy contrast, there is w i de acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) w h ich hit Mexico's Y ucatan peninsula 65million yearsago w a s the primary cause of the dinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geolog i sts have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）nearthe northw est coast of Australia. The samples w ere init ially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking o il. Now the geologists and their colleagu es believe that the precise splits in therocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanicpatterns. In fact, a spokesperson w ent so far as to say that these rocks completely rev ise the w ay scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drow ned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow w ithout sustaining glob al devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evid ently, the blow w a s fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this w as long before mammals ---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, w e w ould be w ise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far betw e en.63.The w o rd "plausib l e" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .A.availab l eB.incredib l eC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they w e re very resistant.B, Because there w e ren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the follow i ng is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single vo l cano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, V olcan i c rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor'slmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage caref ully. Fill in each blank with a proper senten ce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitat i on can hurt us if w e subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. Itis how to use imaginat i on creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's w a y of cooking w h en I could create my ow n?E. But if you begin to enter this field,im i tat i on proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitat ion is self-destruction. To those w ho do not recognize their unique w orth, im i tat i on appears attractive; to those w h o know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitat ion is he lpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. 67 .Imitating role models is like using train ing w heels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your ow n balance, you fly faster and farther w i thout relying on them.68 .If, as a child, you observed people w h ose lives w e re bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow w hat they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you w i ll get the results of the w e ak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebr ities. Those stars took great on screen. But w h en they step off screen, their personallives may be disastrous. 69 .Blessed is the person w i lling to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think ofthe movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations w ere motivated by inspirat ion, not desper ation.The w orld is changed not by those w ho do w hat has been done before them,but by those w ho do w hat has been done inside them. 70 . The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is w hat to do w i th the material knocking at the door ofimaginat i on.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind w hat does not serveyou. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r dsas f a r aspossibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study show s that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decideyou’vehad enough.the findings appear in the Journal ofConsumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that w as interesting to me is that some people get tired of thingsatvery-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoy ing them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do w i th memories ofpast consumption.The researchers testedthe memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then view ed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classicalmusic. Throughout the test, the participants w e re asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people w ith larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, w hich led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope w ith our desire for their products by figuring out w ays to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. T ranslation 15%Directions: Translate the f o llowing sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

2017学年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将所有答案写在答题纸上一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共60分）1．微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的是（）①衣藻②蓝藻③根霉④大肠杆菌⑤乳酸杆菌A．①②④ B．②③④c．③④⑤ D．②④⑤2．下列有关细胞器的说法正确的是（）A．核糖体是噬菌体、细菌、酵母菌唯一共有的细胞器B．线粒体是有氧呼吸的主要场所，在其中生成的产物有丙酮酸、二氧化碳和水C．洋葱鳞茎外表皮细胞中，具有双层膜的细胞器能利用光能合成糖类D．在机体免疫反应中，浆细胞内高尔基体活动会加强3．下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是（）A．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色 B．还原性糖：班氏试剂，红黄色C．脂肪：苏丹III染液，橘红色 D．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色4．下图甲表示四种不同的物质在一个动物细胞内外的相对浓度差异，其中通过图乙所示的过程来维持细胞内外浓度差异的物质是（）A．阳离子A B．阳离子B C．胰岛素 D．CO25. 某植物叶片不同部位的颜色不同，将该植物在黑暗中放置48 h 后，用锡箔纸遮蔽叶片两面，如图所示。

在日光下照光一段时间，去除锡箔纸，用碘染色法处理叶片，观察到叶片有的部位出现蓝色，有的没有出现蓝色。

其中，能出现蓝色的部位是( )A．a、b和dB．b、d和fC．b、d和cD．a、b和f6．现脱掉某60肽中的2个丙氨酸（相应位置如下图），得到几种不同的有机产物，其中脱下的氨基酸均以游离态存在。

下列有关该过程产生的全部有机物中相关原子、基团或肽键数目的叙述正确的是（）A．肽键数目减少2个 B．氢原子数目增加4个C．氧原子数目增加2个D．氨基和羧基分别增加4个7．右图显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质Z直接参与了过程①，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．Y是丙酮酸 B．Q 是脂肪酸C．P是甘油D．过程①表示二羧酸循环8．给健康大鼠静脉注射大量的低渗食盐水后，下列变化合理的是（）A．细胞外液渗透压升高 B．大鼠的排尿量增加C．肾小管重吸收水能力增强 D．胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素增加9．下列是外界环境因素对某植物的光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度影响的相关曲线图，据图分析错误的是（）A．图1中影响A点上下移动的主要外界因素是光照强度B．图2的数据需在适宜温度条件下测量，D点以后只进行有氧呼吸C．若图3中的温度始终处于37．5℃的恒温，每天日照12h，植物体干重将减少D．棚栽时为提高产量，光照强度应控制在C点对应的光照强度，温度在25℃左右最佳10．某实验室用两种方法进行酵母菌发酵葡萄糖生产酒精。

2017学年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将所有答案写在答题纸上。

一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共60分）1、下列古诗与生物学原理不符的是（）2、科学家尝试用35S标记一定量的氨基酸，来培养该哺乳动物的乳腺细胞。

则实验期间该乳腺细胞分泌的四种物质中，没有放射性的物质是（）A.乳蛋白B.乳脂C.抗体D.免疫球蛋白3、下图①〜⑥表示不同化学元素所组成的化合物，以下说法不正确的是（）A.若②是细胞膜的脂质成分，则不具有物6、C.显微注射技术和细胞培养D.显微注射技术和花粉离体培养下列关于血脂和脂蛋白的说法不正确的是（种的特异性B.若图中⑤为过氧化氢酶，则①经脱水缩合形成⑤的过程主要发生在核糖体上C.若②为多聚体，且能贮存生物的遗传信息，则②一定是DNAD.若④主要在人体肝脏和肌肉内合成，则④最可能是糖原4、下图表示整体与部分的关系，甲图中H、川、W与乙图有对应关系。

下列叙述错误的是（A.若I为高等动物的内环境，并且有的关系，则□是血浆，w是组织液B.若I代表有氧呼吸的三个阶段，m为第一阶段，此阶段在真核细胞中发生的场所是细胞质基质C.若I为可遗传变异，w能产生新的基因，则w是基因突变D.若I为光反应产物，n是Q, m是ATP,贝yw是NADPH5、下图表示生物技术之间的关系。

图中a表示基因工程，b表示发酵工程，e表示克隆技术，则c和d可分别表示（）A.胚胎移植和细胞培养B.细胞培养和花粉离体培养1d丄edn血IVA.右图是脂蛋白的结构示意图，四种脂蛋白的主要区别在A部分B.编号C是磷脂，B是蛋白质，成分A是合成脂质类激素的原料C.若该脂蛋白是密度最小的脂蛋白，则其颗粒大、携带较多的甘油三酯D.血浆中胆固醇主要以LDL形式运输7、用打孔器打出6块滤纸小圆片编号C i—Q,浸在一块点样瓷板6个凹穴（C i—G,凹穴中滴加等量相应的溶液）中一段时间，用镊子将小圆片放在同一淀粉琼脂培养基上的不同位置，37 C孵育30min，倒入碘液imin后洗去碘液，观察培养基上相应位置是否产生透明圈（不产生蓝黑色的范围），结果如下表所示，对该实验分析不正确的是（）编号所加溶液实验现象G绿豆淀粉酶提取液透明圈直径较小C2稀盐酸无透明圈C3稀碳酸钠溶液无透明圈C4绿豆淀粉酶提取液+1滴稀盐酸透明圈直径很小C5绿豆淀粉酶提取液+1滴稀碳酸钠溶液透明圈直径最大C 6蒸馏水无透明圈A.该实验的目的是探究PH对绿豆淀粉酶活性的影响B. C4、C5为实验组，C l和C 2、C 3、C6均为对照组C.该实验说明绿豆淀粉酶在弱碱性环境中活性较高D.若在C4凹穴中再滴加2滴稀碳酸钠溶液后重复该实验，实验结果与C s相同&下图为叶绿体色素的吸收光谱。

上海市普陀区2017届高三下学期质量调研（二模）一、选择题1.下列不属于原核生物的是（）A. 颤藻B. 水绵C. 大肠杆菌D. 蓝藻【答案】B【解析】颤藻属于蓝藻，都属于原核生物，故A、D项不符合题意；水绵属于真核生物，B项符合题意；大肠杆菌属于细菌，属于原核生物，C项不符合题意。

【点睛】本题考查细胞种类，对于此类试题，需要考生掌握一些常考的生物所属的类别，特别是原核生物，包括蓝藻、细菌、支原体、衣原体、放线菌，其中对于细菌的判断，要掌握技巧，一般在菌字前有“杆”、“球”、“螺旋”和“弧”等字样的都为细菌。

2.下列各图中，能正确表示肽键结构的是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】由氨基酸脱水缩合反应可知羧基（-COOH）与氨基（-NH2）脱去1分子水后形成的部分是-CO-NH-，是连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键，即肽键。

又C的最外层为4个电子，N的最外层为5个电子，所以C与O形成2个共同电子对，N与H形成1个共同电子对，故C项正确，A、B、D项错误。

3.“自噬”是真核细胞能主动降解自身组成结构物质（如衰老的细胞器等），以实现细胞本身的代谢需要。

细胞中具有“降解自身物质功能”的细胞器是（）A. 高尔基体B. 核糖体C. 叶绿体D. 溶酶体【答案】D【解析】高尔基体主要是对来自内质网的蛋白质进行加工、分类和包装的“车间”及“发送站”，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，A项不符合题意；核糖体是“生产蛋白质的机器”，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，B项不符合题意；叶绿体是绿色植物进行光合作用的细胞器，不具有“降解自身物质功能”，C项不符合题意；溶酶体是“消化车间”，内含多种水解酶。

具有“降解自身物质功能”，以产生营养成分供细胞急需，D项符合题意。

4.下图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质。

下列有关叙述中错误的是( )A. 细胞识别与物质①有关B. 主动运输需要物质②的参与C. 物质③的结构特点决定细胞具有选择透过性D. 细胞膜有一定的流动性【答案】C【解析】①是糖蛋白，在细胞膜上能执行多种功能，如识别、信息交流等，A项正确；物质②是膜蛋白，有些可能是载体蛋白，主动运输需要物质②的参与，B项正确；物质③是磷脂分子，物质②③均与细胞的选择透过性有关，C项错误；细胞膜上的磷脂和绝大多数蛋白质都是可以运动的，说明细胞膜有一定的流动性，D项正确。

1.DNA 的基本组成单位是（ ） A.核苷酸 B.脱氧核苷酸 C.含氮的碱基 D.脱氧核糖 2.下列关于原核细胞的叙述，正确的是（ ） A.有膜包被的细胞器 B.不能进行光合作用 C.没有成形的细胞核 D.细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素 3.下图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质。

下列有关叙述中错误的是（ ） A.①表示多糖 B.②表示蛋白质 C.③表示磷脂分子 D.细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞 4.ATP 被比喻为生物体的能量货币,这种比喻的依据是( ) A. ATP 是细胞中的储能多糖 B. ATP 与 ADP 的相互转化,可以实现能量的储存与释放 C.ATP 是细胞中唯一的能源物质 D.ATP 与 ADP 的相互转化,不需要酶催化 5.右图为某动物细胞结构示意图。

下列叙述错误的是( ) A.①表示内质网,粗面内质网与蛋白质的加工运输有关 B.②表示细胞膜,具有选择透过性 C.④表示中心体,参与形成纺锤体 D.⑤表示核膜,不具有选择透过性 6.为研究植物细胞质壁分离现象，某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定浓度的甲物质溶液中，一段时间后观察到叶表 皮细胞发生了质壁分离现象。

下列说法正确的是（ ） A.该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞 B.细胞内甲物质的浓度高于细胞外甲物质的浓度 C.细胞液中的 H2O 经主动运输进入甲物质溶液中 D.甲物质和 H2O 不能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞壁 7.酶是生物催化剂，其作用受 pH 等因素的影响。

下列叙述错误的是( ) A.酶分子有一定的形状，其形状与底物的结合无关 B.绝大多数酶是蛋白质，其作用的强弱可用酶活性表示 C.麦芽糖酶能催化麦芽糖的水解，不能催化蔗糖的水解 D.将胃蛋白酶加入到 pH10 的溶液中，其空间结构会改变 8.某研究小组对胚芽鞘尖端进行不同条件的实验处理示意图如下。

下列关于该实验的叙述，错误的是( )一、选择题（ 选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案， 每题仅有一个正确答案，共 40 分）2018 学年第二学期普陀区高中质量调研生命科学试题A.若用相同厚度无色透明的玻璃片替代云母片，实验结果基本相同 B.光照对生长素合成的影响较小，但可影响生长素分布 C.在单 光照 下 光 的生长素一 分运输到 光 D.生长素能 进胚芽鞘尖端 光 生长侧 射 向 侧 部 促 向 弯曲背 侧1/89．如图为一种植物扦插枝条经不同浓度 IAA 浸泡 30 min 后的生根结果(新生根粗细相近)，对照组为不加 IAA 的清水。