博物馆文物展品的英译——以洛阳博物馆为例

考古文物名词英译探讨*师新民(西安科技大学外语系西安市710054)摘要文物是传承人类文明与文化的载体,有其特殊的文化底蕴和语言特征。

本文从翻译的原则入手,探讨考古发现中文物名词的翻译标准及方法;并以陕西出土的青铜器为例,列举已出土文物名词的拟译英文形式,目的在于进一步规范文物名词翻译,从而推动中华文化的对外交流和传播。

关键词文物翻译原则汉译英Abstract Cultural relics inherit and pass on civilization and culture of humanity and thus bear special culturalinside stories and language characteristics. This paper, based on the translation principle, examines the criteriafor translating the cultural relics and lists some English translations of bronzes unearthed in Shaanxi Province, aiming at standardizing the translation of cultural relics so as to promote exchanges with foreign countries and spread of Chinese culture.Key Words cultural relics translation principle C-E translation1引言文物不仅是一个民族的宝贵财富,同时也是世界各民族的宝贵遗产。

作为世界四大文明古国之一的中国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化,文物资源异常丰富。

文物名词翻译是科技英语的一个分支,是考古领域的特殊文体,也会给翻译工作者带来一定的困难。

《博物馆也是艺术馆—谈古都洛阳博物馆新馆的人性化设计》曾几何时，在寻常百姓眼中还是高贵深沉又充满神秘感的博物馆，现在已不知不觉走进人们的生活，成为大众休闲和提升文化修养的重要场所。

博物馆那曾经的距离感正在逐渐消减，而人们期盼的亲和力也在建筑设计师的关注中越走越近，博物馆建筑布局中的人性化设计也显得越来越重要。

洛阳新区博物馆于2009年3月建成，远远望去，洛阳新区博物馆的外观犹如一口大鼎，坐落于安乐镇聂湾村南侧、隋唐遗址植物园北侧，与新区政府大楼和中原明珠电视塔等成地标性建筑遥相呼应，这正好处在整座洛阳城的中轴线上。

总占地约三百亩。

整个建筑分别由主楼和附楼两部分组成，展馆设计充分突出了人性化。

洛阳新区博物馆在2011年4月1日开馆，此时正即将迎来一年一度的洛阳牡丹节，透过洛阳新区博物馆这个窗口，洛阳将向全球100多个国家展示洛阳展示中国。

洛阳新区博物馆将承载着十三朝古都洛阳浓厚的文化缩影，同时也将亲身见证洛阳人们面向未来的梦想。

为全面展示洛阳古都的悠久历史和博大精深的文化内涵，从总的设计方案来说，洛阳新区博物馆在设计理念上突出了五个方面：首先是洛阳的都城文化。

历代以来中国先后有十三个朝代在洛阳建都，是我国建都朝代最多、建都最早、建都时间最长的历史文化名城。

博物馆的设计方案将屋顶按功能划分为十三个部分，象征着洛阳的十三个建都朝代。

而且连绵起伏的屋顶形态，也再现了洛阳作为都城的恢弘气势。

其次是洛阳的遗址文化。

由于历史战争和人为破坏，洛阳大量的文化古迹都被沉寂于地下，后来通过考古发掘才能展露于地，遗址文化是洛阳的重要特征。

洛阳新区博物馆方案通过在建筑墙身及屋顶设置不规则的采光孔来暗示这一主题。

再次是洛阳的河洛文化。

河洛文化是中华民族文化的源泉，河洛文化的代表即河图洛书，被誉为中国先民心灵思维的最高成就。

博物馆的设计方案通过对屋顶的拓扑组合、变化抽象的表现了河图洛书的意象，并在博物馆南面设计了绿化广场，用以表达“河图洛书”这一主题。

博物馆文本英译的失误特征及其跨文化审视博物馆是反应地域和文化特征的一个窗口，是人类传承文化的重要途径，同时也是体现文明发展程度的重要桥梁。

博物馆文本翻译和其他文体有别，应归为应用型文体。

在进行博物馆文本的翻译时，出现的失误致使信息传递受损，跨文化交际的效果也受到影响。

本文通过对博物馆文本英译中常见的失误及其特征分析，从跨文化的视角分析博物馆翻译中的常见错误并提出修改意见。

博物馆文本的翻译在文化宣传中扮演着很重要的角色，文本译文的好坏直接影响着一个国家或地区对外文化的交流与传播。

目前，在国内，对博物馆文本翻译的研究很少，因此，该文探析了国内博物馆文本的翻译研究的现实情况，以期提升翻译质量。

因为物馆文本不仅包括语言信息，还包括历史文化信息，这种翻译过程实则是一种文化的转换。

从对陕西历史博物馆等博物馆文本英译的相关调查可知，博物馆文本英译过程中存在文物名称翻译混乱且没有可供参考的标准，对部分文字的翻译刻板并且缺乏灵活性。

针对这些问题，在翻译过程中要从跨文化的视角出发，在文物名称翻译时，应采用多样性的翻译方式。

应当在神似重于形似，音韵和美的特点上，突出直观感，注重纯信息的传递。

只有如此才能够最大限度地实现其中文化信息的传递。

标签：博物馆翻译；跨文化；文本翻译一、博物馆文本简介博物馆是人类历史文化的宝库，承担着传承文化、记忆历史的重任。

为了更好地向世界介绍中国的传统文化，让世界更好地了解中国，中国博物馆文本英译似乎成了必不可少的历史需求，在跨文化传播中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。

然而，由于缺乏理论指导和相关部门的足够重视，中国博物馆文本英译依然问题重重，错误百出。

众所周知，文物是人类珍贵的历史文化遗产，经历了时间的考验和历史的筛选，所有文物都是人类文化和文明的代表，它们具有极高的历史、科学和艺术价值。

文物包含了显性文化信息和隐性文化信息。

显性文化信息包括外表、颜色、质量等信息，而隐性文化信息则涵盖了生产工艺、艺术风格等方面。

博物馆展览英文翻译评析作者：孙晨来源：《文物鉴定与鉴赏》2017年第08期【摘要】博物馆展览英语翻译工作是展览的一个组成部分，也是提升博物馆服务水平的内容之一。

做好博物馆展览翻译工作，除了要精通外语，还必须对翻译目的、对象、标准有足够的认识和了解。

本文以开封博物馆陈列展览的英译内容为分析资料，强调了翻译人员所应秉承的科学态度和应承担的职责。

【关键词】博物馆展览英译要点职责博物馆，是一座物化的发展史，它为人们欣赏了解一个民族历史悠久的文化艺术宝藏提供了很好的平台，凝结着人类物质与精神文化和智慧结晶。

见证着社会发展和人类文明的历史文物，以其特有的方式展示着中华文化的独特魅力。

随着经济的发展和社会的进步，尤其是党的十八大以来，博物馆事业得到了快速发展。

国有、民办、行业博物馆拔地而起，科技馆、历史馆、民族馆、革命馆等各类型的博物馆争相媲美，在陈列内容和陈列形式上不断推陈出新。

在丰富展览内容的同时，更加注重以人为本的理念，在陈展细节、辅助手段、多媒体设施上不断满足观众的需求。

作为陈展的一部分，展览的英文翻译也应适应这一时代特点，用英文让更多的外国友人和本国英语爱好者去发现了解博大精深的中华文明。

基于社会对博物馆展览翻译需求的增加和对翻译质量要求的提高，开封博物馆对其基本陈列《馆藏石刻精品展》使用了汉英两种文本加以介绍。

但由于翻译人员层次的不同，不可避免地造成疏漏，本文以该展览的英译内容为分析资料，并提出相应的方法，希望能提升展览英译水平。

一、展览英译的三个要点如果说展览是博物馆的一扇窗，通过它观众可以了解一座城市、一个民族，那么，展览说明牌就是“传递知识的小信使”。

为了便于交流，为了让想了解博物馆文化，而又不懂他国语言的人们明白展出的内容和形式，也为了让晦涩难懂的生僻字和专业术语不再成为观众获取知识的障碍，展览翻译人员责任重大。

翻译人员应以观众的身份品读展览，弄清翻译所要服务的对象是谁，翻译的目的是什么，翻译时应坚持的标准这三个要点。

中国国家博物馆文物英文介绍Certainly, I will provide an English introduction to the cultural relics at the National Museum of China, followed by a Chinese translation. Please note that I am an AI assistant created by OpenAI, and my responses are based on my training, not any personal experience or identity.The National Museum of China, located in the heart of Beijing, is a treasure trove of ancient artifacts and cultural treasures that tell the captivating story of China's rich history. As one of the largest museums in the world, it houses an impressive collection of over 1.3 million artifacts, spanning from the Paleolithic era to the modern age.One of the museum's most prized possessions is the Yongle Dadian, a vast encyclopedic work commissioned by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. This colossal compilation, consisting of over 22,000 volumes, represents an unparalleled feat of intellectual and cultural achievement. Visitors can marvel at the intricate calligraphy and meticulous attention to detail that went into the creation of this extraordinary work.Another remarkable highlight is the collection of Shang Dynasty bronzes, which are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and symbolic significance. These ancientritual vessels, adorned with intricate designs and motifs, offer a glimpse into the sophisticated artistic traditions of one of China's earliest civilizations.Visitors can also explore the museum's extensive collection of jade artifacts, which have long been revered in Chinese culture for their beauty, durability, and spiritual significance. From delicate carvings to impressive ceremonial pieces, these jade treasures showcase the unparalleled skill and artistry of Chinese craftsmen.The museum's galleries also feature a diverse array of Buddhist sculptures, including the impressive Leshan Giant Buddha, a colossal statue carved into the side of a mountain during the Tang Dynasty. These awe-inspiring works of art not only reflect the profound influence of Buddhism in China but also the technical mastery and artistic vision of the sculptors who created them.In addition to its impressive collection of ancient artifacts, the National Museum of China also showcases theevolution of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Visitors can admire the elegant brushstrokes and serene compositions of masterpieces by renowned artists, such as Wang Xizhi, Dong Qichang, and Qi Baishi, among others.The museum's commitment to preserving and presenting China's rich cultural heritage is evident in its extensive educational programs and interactive exhibits. Visitors can engage with multimedia displays, participate in guided tours, and attend lectures and workshops to deepen their understanding of China's captivating history and enduring cultural traditions.Through its diverse collection and innovative programming, the National Museum of China invites visitors to embark on a journey of discovery, where they can immerse themselves in the remarkable achievements and enduring legacy of one of the world's oldest civilizations.中国国家博物馆是位于北京市中心的一座珍贵的文物宝库,收藏了超过130万件从旧石器时代到现代的各类文物和文化遗产,讲述着中国悠久历史的动人故事。

文物考古卣 wine container匜 gourd-shaped ladle罍 ampulla斝 wine cup鼎 tripod尊 wine container觚 wine vessel盉 ancient utensil其实这些专属的单词,除了用于考古学之类的专业性文章以外,几乎根据他的中文白话文意思简化为vessel,container,utensil这些单词,因为就算你能拿出这些翻译,一般老外也不会懂.Ge kiln 哥窑Royal Kiln 官窑celadon 青瓷porcelain plate 瓷盘celadon-glazed dish 青瓷釉口盘the celadon plate with a mouth in the shape of mallow petals 青釉葵瓣口盘collection 藏品shoddy substitute 赝品collector 收藏家artifact 手工艺品grade-one cultural relic 一级文物preservation of cultural relics 文物保护ceramic 陶瓷制品Palace Museum 故宫博物院Ministry of Culture 文化部State Administration of Cultural Heritage 国家文物局Forbidden City 紫禁城antique 古董、古玩antiquity 文物；古物；古董；古迹repristination 恢复原状archaeologist 考古学家anthropologist 人类学家preservationist （对自然环境、文物古迹的）保护主义者World Monuments Fund 世界文化遗产基金会in ruins 成为废墟、遭到严重破坏historical site 历史遗迹、遗址human elements 人为因素；人文要素priceless 无价的、极贵重的masterpiece 杰作human error 人为误差dereliction of duty 失职；疏忽职守internal investigation 内部调查testing equipment 测试设备operational error 操作失误the intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 保护非物质文化遗产公约World Heritage Convention 世界遗产大会古钱币、古玩业second-hand store 旧货店antique shop 古玩店copper coin 铜币counter 柜台Saturation 饱和度Scan 扫描taupe 灰褐色;褐色的crimson 深红色的;深红色gray 灰色的, 灰白的, 老的,阴沉的;(使)变灰色off-white 灰白色, 米色;灰白色的blove 蓝色;蓝色的blue-black 深蓝色的blue 蓝色;蓝色的, 忧郁的, 沮丧的brown 褐色;褐色的,棕色的crystallization 结晶化crystal 结晶状的;水晶,结晶,晶体granule 小粒, 颗粒, 细粒alloy 合金;使成合金, 减低成色stall, stand 售货摊show window 橱窗show case 玻璃柜台shelf 货架to keep the bill 保留发票to wrap up 包装change 零钱price tag 标价签cash desk, cashier's desk 收银处discount 打折扣jewelry, jewels 首饰, 珠宝to deliver 送ornaments 装饰品be al sold out, out of stock 售空compact 粉盒prices are fixed, fixed prices 有定价magnifying glass 放大镜smoking set 烟具lighter 打火机antique, curio 古玩ring, finger ring 戒指signet ring 印章戒指necklace 项链pearl 珍珠bracelet 镯子pendant 坠子silver jewelries 银饰gold jewelries 金饰imitation 仿制品diamond 钻石ear ring 耳环trinket 小饰物chain bracelet 手链genuine 真的hair pin 发夹expropriate 没收, 征用, 剥夺ban 禁令，禁止, 取缔(书刊等)destroy 破坏, 毁坏, 消灭insurrectionist 起义者,***者rebeldom [总称]起义者, 叛乱者,叛区found a capital 建都autocephaly 独立, 自治independence 独立, 自主maravedi 西班牙金币,铜币西班牙金币,铜币fake 假货，伪造，仿造cupreous 铜的, 铜色的, 含铜的ormolu 铜锌锡合金, 镀金物pot metal (旧时制造大容器用的)铜铅合金,制锅用铸铁patina 铜绿, 绿锈, 薄层, 光泽, 古色coppery 含铜的, 铜制的, 铜一样的patinated 生了铜绿的，古色古香的patinate (使)生绿锈numismatic 钱币的, 奖章的, 钱币学的cashbox 钱箱, 金库numismatician 钱币收藏家, 奖章收藏家quality 质量, 品质, 性质money changer 货币兑换商(尤指按官价从事交易的), 钱商, 银行家, 金融家variety 变化, 多样性, 种种, 品种, 种类specie 硬币dupery 欺骗, 诈欺cheatee易受骗的人virtuosity 艺术鉴别力，古董爱好者grave 墓穴, 坟墓，雕刻, 铭记oblation 祭祀用品sacrificial utensil 祭祀用器具mania [医]颠狂, 狂躁, 癖好, 狂热hobby 业余爱好cellarage 地窖容积, 地窖(总称)cellar 地窖, 地下室, 酒窖hobbyist 沉溺于某种癖好者,嗜某爱好成癖的人mausoleum 陵墓restoration 修复，恢复，修缮conservation 保护，保持preservation 保存currency 流通，通货，货币exchange 交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易intercourse 交往, 交流exchange with 与...交换steal 偷, 窃取, 偷窃, 偷盗a paper currency 纸币copper 铜coin 硬币zechin 古代金币，小金属片antique 古物，古董，古时的molten 熔铸的，熔化antiquary古文物研究者，收集者，古董商人ancient 远古的，旧的foundry 铸造，翻砂，铸造厂dynasty 朝代flaw 缺点, 裂纹, 瑕疵；使破裂, 使有缺陷；生裂缝, 变的有缺陷dot 点, 圆点；在...上打点veins 纹理crescent 新月；弯月；月牙；月牙状物luniform 月状的column 柱；支柱；圆柱；柱状物outshoot 突出，伸出,长出,突出物bar 条, 棒(常用作栅栏,扣栓物), 横木, 酒吧间, 栅, 障碍物style 风格, 时尚, 文体, 风度, 类型, 字体seal character 篆书regular script 楷书official script 隶书running script 行书rubbings 拓片glyph [考古]浮雕, 象形文字；[计]字形, 字的轮廓orifice 孔, 口figure 外形, 轮廓, 体形, 图形, 画像, 数字, 形状, 身份magnifier 放大镜, 放大器sunk 凹陷的raised 凸起的, 浮雕的, 有凸起花纹的, 发酵的gibbosity 突起identification 辨认,鉴定,证明,视为同一imitation 仿制品，模仿，赝品emperor 皇帝smithing 锻造,锻工的central government 中央政府vassal 诸侯，封臣，附庸aulic 宫廷的folk 民间的patois 方言, 行话union联合, 合并, 结合, 联盟, 协会club 俱乐部, 夜总会, 社, 棍棒, (高尔夫球等的)球棒, (扑克牌)梅花kingdom 王国issue 发行style 风格，文体，类型，时尚plumbum 铅iron 铁silver 银, 银子；镀银sycee 银锭cob money 银角子seal 封铅, 封条, 印, 图章, 密封；封, 密封chymist 化学clear 清楚的, 清晰的, 清澈的, 光亮的,扫除, 清除stannum 锡tin 锡,马口铁,罐，涂锡于，锡制的authentic 真迹，可信的，真的bronze 青铜，青铜色的bronzy 古铜色的brass 黄铜，黄铜色的，黄铜制品rosewood 红木（紫檀，黑檀），黄檀，花梨木，澳洲蔷薇木rust 生锈mercury 水银，汞Adhesive 胶粘剂After image 残象Brilliant 鲜艳的Chipping 剥落Covering power 覆盖力Cure 硬化Dark 暗Deep 深be buried alive with the dead 殉葬excavated 发掘Finshing 涂饰Flaking 剥落Magnetic 磁性Material 原材料Mold模具Plastic 塑料Acetic acid 醋酸resin 树脂Ceylon ebony乌木Cherry 樱桃木Door frame 鸡翅木adorn 装饰，打扮adorn 装饰baldric (剑, 号角等的)佩饰, 肩带Antique furniture 古式家具Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具Decorative 装饰的，装潢的Hickory 山核桃木Huanghauli wood 黄花梨木Identification 身份，识别Aging 老化，陈化Knot 木节，节疤Aluminum 铝Burl 树疤，树瘤padauk紫檀木(产于亚洲和非洲)ebony ,n.黑檀树, 乌木, 乌梅;乌木制的, 黑檀的African padauk 非洲紫檀African ebony 非洲乌木African black wood 非洲黑木黄檀humidity 湿气,潮湿,湿度temperature 温度enamel 珐琅,瓷釉,指甲油；涂以瓷釉,彩饰acidic 酸的, 酸性的glaze 装玻璃,上釉,使表面光滑；釉料,釉面,光滑面,上釉,上光dry 干的,干燥的,口渴的；(使)干燥,(使)变干acid soil 酸性土壤alkalescent [化]弱碱性的, 碱性的scrub 洗擦,擦洗neutralization 中立化,中立状态,[化]中和rub 擦,摩擦; (～off)擦掉,擦破orderliness 整洁,整齐,规律,秩序井然vinegar 醋acid [化]酸,<俚>迷幻药;酸的,讽刺的,刻薄的conglutinate (使)粘附,(使)粘合wet 湿的,潮湿的,多雨的;弄湿vestige 遗迹,痕迹,残余hardpan （软土下面的）硬质地层, 粘土层, 砂砾层spoor 痕迹,足迹;循着足迹追踪clay 粘土,泥土,肉体,人体,似黏土的东西,陶土制的烟斗imprint 留下烙印rejectamenta 废弃物,垃圾,排泄物ashes 灰烬,骨灰,尸体,文化遗址cinder 煤渣,灰烬repristination 恢复原状comeback 恢复, 复原Advantage 优点Advance 预付，预支Annual sales 每年销售量Affordable price 可承受价Agent 代理商All aspects of 各个方面Bad bargain 亏本交易Cash 现金Bank account 银行帐户Bank transfer 银行转帐Bargain成交，交易Carriage 运费Barter transaction 易货交易，实物交易Batch 一批Business connection 商业联系，业务关系Cash on delivery货到付款Catalogue 样本，会刊Certificate 说明书，说明书Cash with order订货即付款Commission 佣金Circle 圆周,圆形物;派系,阶层Commodity 商品Competitor 竞争者Competition 竞争Conclude a bargain 成交Consumer 消费者Contact us for further information欲知详情，请立刻同我们联系Cooperation 合作Credit sale 赊销Currency 货币Defective 次品Current economic situation 目前经济形势Deal 交易Defer 延期Deliver 交付Expense 费用Demand for 对……需求External market 国外市场Fair competition合理的竞争Foreign market 国外市场For cash 用现金（购买），收取现金Foreign capital 外资appealing design 造型优美allow an ambience to be harmoniously created 营造和谐温馨的气氛artisan craftsmanship 手工工艺Copy 复制，模仿，仿冒Focus on the essential 注重本质Freelance 自由职业者Ideal combination between 两者完美的结合Imitate 模仿Innovative 创新的Ming Dynasty 明朝Neoclassic style 新古典式风格Without compromise 面面俱到Traditional design传统风格设计With a classic trend 带有古典风格Reap the benefits 获利Meet the escalating demand from ……满足……的要求specific operation 专业人士Register 登记Remarks备注Bovine leather 牛皮Brush 毛刷，漆刷Buckling stress 扭曲应力Craftsman 工匠Craftsmanship 工艺Booth 展位Cost-effective 物有所值Enjoy a discount of 10% 享受九折优惠Individual个人参观者stand 展位,摊位surname 姓Business license 营业执照Cash price 现金价格Client 客户striking, yet not vulgar 色彩夺目，迥然不俗Consignment 寄售Consumer attitude 消费者心态Consumption rate 消费水平Demand 需求Direct mail邮寄Update on the net 网上资讯A complete range of specifications 规格齐全Account 客户A great variety of models 款式多样Artist 美工A wide selection of colours and designs 花色繁多，种类齐全Absolute affirmations 完全确认Backing 背景Ample supply and prompt delivery 货源充足，供应及时Attractive appearance 造型美观Backlighting 逆光brand development 品牌发展appearance 外观Adviser/advisor 顾问Chairmen 董事长Chief/section chief 主任Department部门manager 经理Deputy manager 副经理Director处长，主任General manage 总经理Private enterprise私营企业Shareholders 投资者Storage保管，贮藏Get online 上网exchange ideas 交流看法Access 获取Address 地址Cellular telephone 移动电话Click 点击Code 密码Contact with somebody 与某人联系Information 信息艺术ARTS work 作品work of art 艺术作品masterpiece 杰作plastic arts 造型艺术graphic arts 形象艺术Fine Arts 美术art gallery 画廊,美术馆salon 沙龙exhibition 展览collection 收藏author 作者style 风格inspiration 灵感,启发muse 灵感purism 修辞癖conceptism 格言派,警名派Byzantine 拜占庭式Romanesaue 罗马式Gothic 哥特式Baroque 巴洛克式Rococo 洛可可式classicism 古典主义,古典风格neoclassicism 新古典主义romanticism 浪漫主义realism 现实主义symbolism 象征主义impressionism 印象主义Art Nouveau 新艺术主义expressionism 表现主义Fauvism 野兽派abstract art 抽象派, 抽象主义Cubism 立体派, 立体主义Dadaism 达达主义surrealism 超现实主义naturalism 自然主义existentialism 存在主义futurism 未来主义classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater) drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧#p#分页标题#e# improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性artist 大师, 艺术家brush drawing 毛笔画Chinese painting 国画charcoal pencil 炭笔pigment 颜料painter 画家cave painting, rupestrian painting 石洞壁画oil painting 油画painting in fresco 壁画tempera painting 胶画gouache 树胶水彩画watercolour 水彩画(美作:watercolor) pastel drawing 蜡笔画wash 水墨画sanguine 红铅笔画miniature 细密画engraving 版画painting, drawing 画drawing from nature 写生画mechanical drawing 机械画tracing 临摹chiaroscuro 单色画design 描绘sketch 草稿study 习作triptych, triptich 三联画portrait 画像self-portrait 自画像model 模特caricature 漫画nude 裸体画profile 轮廓foreshortened figure 透视画法landscape 风景画seascape 海景画still life 静物画tapestry 壁毯perspective 透视画colouring 色彩(美作:coloring) shade 阴影cubism 立体主义,主体派abstract 抽象派figurative 造型的brush 画笔stroke 一笔finishing touch 最后一笔easel 画架,调色板palette 画板palette knife 调色刀spatula 绘画抹刀,刮铲picture, painting 图画frame 画框chassis 画布绷架canvas 画布studio 画室pinacotheca 画廊,美术馆sculptor 雕塑学carving 雕刻religious imagery 圣像雕塑statue 人像figure 塑像study 粗样bronze 铜像terra-cotta 粘土wrought iron 锻铁bust 半身像,胸像caryatid 女像柱retable, altarpiece 组塑,祭坛装饰stele 石碑high relief 高浮雕low relief, bas-relief 浅浮雕mould 模子(美作:mold)cast 模制品casting 模制,铸造repoussage, repousse work 凸纹饰物workshop 工作间architect 建设师plan 设计图town planning 城市规划(美作:city planning) Doric 多利安式Ionic 爱奥尼亚式Corinthian 科林斯式Composite 混合式Tuscan order 托斯卡纳式Gothic 哥特式flamboyant Gothic 哥特式的火焰状饰Romanesque 罗马式barroque 巴洛克式plateresque 带复杂花叶形装饰的rococo 洛可可式building 建筑物arch 拱vault 穹顶ogive 葱形饰;尖形拱顶facade 侧面frontispiece 三角墙,山墙column 柱pilaster 壁柱,半露柱pediment 山墙饰,山花#p#分页标题#e#fronton 山墙abstract art:抽象派艺术●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.强调形式至上，忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格。

功能对等理论视阈下的博物馆文物展品名称英译研究——以洛阳博物馆为例作者：刘欣蕙来源：《校园英语》 2019年第27期【摘要】本文以洛阳博物馆文物展品名称的英译为研究对象，在功能对等理论的指导下探讨可供历史类博物馆展品翻译遵循的基本原则及策略技巧，以期为平行文本的翻译提供借鉴。

同时，文章对该馆部分存疑译文进行剖析，并结合更高级别博物馆的展品译名提供了参考译文，以期提高洛阳博物馆展品译名的准确性，并实现中国博物馆文物展品译名的规范和统一。

【关键词】洛阳博物馆；文物展品；英译研究【作者简介】刘欣蕙，河南科技大学外国语学院。

一、引言作为展现一座城市历史文化的窗口，博物馆在历史知识普及以及跨文化交际中扮演着至关重要的角色。

同时，随着全球化进程的推进以及我国对外开放程度的加深，为促进中外文化交流、提高中国文化影响力，我国越来越多的博物馆均为本馆展品的名称及介绍文本提供了英文翻译，以期推动中华文化走向世界，也为来华旅游、生活的外国人士提供更好的服务。

然而，笔者结合自身走访国内各大博物馆的经历，发现文物展品英译情况不容乐观，错译、误译等情况屡见不鲜——既给外国来华人士带来极大不便，也阻碍了中华文化的对外传播，同时也有损我国作为文化大国的形象。

因此，本文以洛阳博物馆的展品英译为研究对象，在功能对等理论的指导下探讨可供历史类博物馆展品翻译遵循的基本原则进而改善博物馆展品名称英译的传播效果。

二、展品名称英译指导原则的理论分析1.文物展品名称的语言特点及文本功能分析。

一方面，作为公示语的一种，展品名称具有公示语的普遍特征，如简洁明了、统一规范、通俗易懂等；另一方面，德国功能翻译学派代表人物卡塔琳娜·赖斯 ( K. Reiss) 根据文本的交际功能将文本划分为信息型 (informative) 、表情型 (expressive) 和操作型 (operative)[1]。

其中，“信息型文本”的主要交际功能是提供“纯粹”事实，根本目的是将信息传递给文本的接收者。

洛阳博物馆英文小作文The Luoyang Museum is a treasure trove of Chinese history, nestled in the heart of Henan Province. It offers a glimpse into the ancient dynasties that once thrived in this region, showcasing artifacts that speak of a rich cultural heritage.As I walked through the galleries, I was captivated bythe intricate designs on the Tang Dynasty pottery, each piece a testament to the craftsmanship of the past. The museum's collection spans from the Neolithic period to the Qing Dynasty, a journey through time that is both educational and awe-inspiring.One of the highlights of my visit was the Buddhist sculptures, serene and elegant, which conveyed a sense of peace and tranquility. The detailed carvings on the stone and wood were a testament to the devotion and skill of the artisans.The museum also houses a section dedicated to the Silk Road, a network of trade routes that connected China with the rest of the world. The exhibits here include coins, textiles, and ceramics, all of which tell the story of cultural exchange and economic prosperity.Another fascinating display was the calligraphy and paintings, where the fluid strokes of the brushwork revealed the depth of Chinese art. The artists' ability to conveyemotion and nature's beauty through simple ink strokes was truly remarkable.The Luoyang Museum is not just a place to see ancient relics; it's an experience that immerses you in the stories of a bygone era. It's a place where history comes alive, and one can almost hear the whispers of the past echoing through the halls.Visiting the museum was a humbling experience, reminding me of the continuity of human civilization and the importance of preserving our cultural legacy. It's a must-visit for anyone interested in understanding the depth and breadth of Chinese history and culture.In conclusion, the Luoyang Museum is a remarkable institution that provides a window into China's past. It's a place where one can learn, appreciate, and be inspired by the achievements of our ancestors. The next time you findyourself in Luoyang, make sure to include the museum on your list of places to explore.。

As a high school student with a keen interest in history and culture, I had the privilege of visiting the Luoyang Museum, an experience that left an indelible mark on my heart. Nestled in the heart of Luoyang, a city steeped in the rich tapestry of Chinese history, the museum stands as a testament to the regions ancient past and its contributions to the cultural heritage of China.Upon entering the museum, I was immediately struck by the grandeur of its architecture. The Luoyang Museum is a modern structure that harmoniously blends traditional Chinese elements with contemporary design, creating a space that is both inviting and aweinspiring. The buildings facade, adorned with intricate patterns and motifs, reflects the artistic sensibilities of the regions past dynasties.My journey through the museum began with the Prehistoric Culture section, which showcased artifacts dating back to the Neolithic Age. The displays of pottery, stone tools, and primitive sculptures were a vivid reminder of the ingenuity and creativity of our ancestors. The craftsmanship evident in these ancient relics was nothing short of remarkable, and it was fascinating to see how early humans adapted to their environment and developed their own unique forms of expression.Moving on to the Bronze Age section, I was captivated by the intricate designs and exquisite craftsmanship of the bronze vessels, weapons, and ritual objects. The museums collection of bronze ware from the Shang and Zhou dynasties is particularly impressive, offering a glimpse into the social hierarchy, religious beliefs, and artistic achievements of these ancientcivilizations. The lifesized replica of the Simuwu Ding, one of the largest bronze vessels ever discovered in China, was a highlight of this section, its imposing presence commanding respect and admiration.The Tang Dynasty, often considered the golden age of Chinese civilization, was wellrepresented in the museums collection. The Tang Dynasty section featured a variety of artifacts, including exquisite Tang tricolor pottery, intricate silk textiles, and beautifully crafted Buddhist sculptures. The vibrant colors and intricate designs of the Tang tricolor pottery were a testament to the artistic prowess of the period, while the silk textiles showcased the advanced weaving techniques and exquisite taste of the Tang court.One of the most memorable parts of my visit was the Buddhist Art section. The museum houses an impressive collection of Buddhist sculptures, ranging from small, intricately carved figurines to large, imposing statues. The serene expressions, graceful poses, and intricate details of these sculptures conveyed a sense of spiritual tranquility and inner peace. The museums replica of the Longmen Grottoes, a series of caves adorned with thousands of Buddhist statues, was particularly striking, offering a glimpse into the religious fervor and artistic achievements of the period.The Luoyang Museum also offers a comprehensive overview of the citys history and development through the ages. The citys strategic location and rich cultural heritage have made it a focal point for various dynasties, and the museums exhibits provide a fascinating insight into the political, economic, and social aspects of Luoyangs past. The displays of ancientcoins, official seals, and architectural models provided a tangible connection to the citys history, allowing visitors to appreciate the depth and complexity of its past.In addition to its permanent collection, the Luoyang Museum also hosts temporary exhibitions and cultural events, further enriching the visitor experience. The museums interactive exhibits, such as the virtual reality tour of the Longmen Grottoes and the handson pottery workshop, were particularly engaging, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the artistic and cultural practices of the past.My visit to the Luoyang Museum was an enriching and enlightening experience, offering a deeper understanding of the regions history and cultural heritage. The museums extensive collection, coupled with its engaging exhibits and educational programs, makes it an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and history enthusiasts alike. As I left the museum, I felt a profound sense of gratitude for the opportunity to explore the rich tapestry of Chinas past and a renewed appreciation for the enduring legacy of its ancient civilizations.。