(完整word版)动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题北京四中
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非谓语动词(一)动词不定式一、动词不定式定义(To infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,是动词的一种非谓语的形式,即其在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有下列属性:(1)动词不定式具有动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语,也可以有时态和语态的变化;(2)动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
二、动词不定式(短语)的句法功能1. 作主语To say is one thing and to do is another.To know oneself is difficult.但在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式移到谓语之后,使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It is important to learn English.It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.Activity 2: Fill in the blanks.1) __________ (see) is to believe.2) It’s difficult ________ (find) a best friend.=_____________________________________.2. 作表语不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容(目的,愿望,要求),主语通常是aim,duty,hope,idea,purpose, intention,wish等。
His wish is to become an engineer.To live is to do something worthwhile.Activity 3: Fill in the blanks.3) My wish is_________ (be) a singer.4) Your task is _________(clean) the room.3. 作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。
动词不定式讲解与练习动词不定式讲与练动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。
例如:To learn a skill is very important for everyone in today's society.也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。
例如:It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth.) +to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
例如:It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1:Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. nowB. manC. thatD. it用于此句型的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
例如:What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
动词不定式用法全解英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
动词不定式的形式:第一部分动词不定式的时态一、动词不定式的时态:动词不定式不能在句中作谓语,尽管它本身有时态的变化,但是却不能靠自身的变化形式表示动作发生的具体时间。
动词不定式发生的时间,一般只能根据谓语动词的时间,产生相对的先后时间关系。
1.不定式的一般式,表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生,或在谓语动作之后发生,或者不强调不定式动作的时间性。
但不定式表原因时,往往先于谓语动作之前发生。
如:The news will not fail to surprise him.这个消息将不会不使他大吃一惊的。
(不定式动作在将来和谓语动作同时发生)I helped to repair the car.我帮助修理汽车。
(不定式动作在过去与谓语动作同时发生)He didn't know where to go.他不知道该去哪儿。
(不定式稍晚于谓语动作)Tell your brother not to come tomorrow.告诉你哥哥明天不要来。
(不定式晚于谓语动作)判断:He decided to sell his car.I tried to go to school in time.I hope to see you soon不定式表示谓语动作的原因时,往往发生在谓语动作之前。
如:I am very happy to see you here.She seemed surprised to meet us.(先是遇见我们,她然后很吃惊)2.不定式的完成式,通常表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
动词不定式非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语, 但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化, 但要遵循基本的时态语态规则, 在句中充当各种成分。
一、动词不定式基本构成形式 结构 例句肯定形式to+动词原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homeworkon time.老师让学生们按时完成作业。
否定形式 not to+动词原形Aunt Li often tells her son not to eat too much sugar. 李阿姨经告诫她的儿子不要吃太多的糖。
被动形式 to+be+过去分词He would like to be treated as a child. 他喜欢被当成孩子般看待。
注意: 动词不定式在一些感官动词(see, watch, hear 等)或使役动词(make, let, have 等)的后面, 做宾补时, 通常会省略to, 如:动词不定式知识精讲The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。
二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
1.不定式作主语1).动词不定式短语作句子主语时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,如:To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。
2).不定式短语作主语时, 为了考虑句子的平衡, 常用it作形式主语, 而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面, 结构为: It+is/ was+adj.(+for sb.)+动词不定式, 如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。
教学目标:1.掌握动词不定式的几种形式Infinitives 动词不定式2.掌握动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分3.掌握动词不定式用法/功能4.掌握运用动词不定式注意事项教学难点:动词不定式用法教学方法:通过放映幻灯片,教师讲解,学生思考,最后总结的方法来实现本课的教学任务。
教学过程:Step1.出示幻灯片让学生了解动词不定式的几种形式1.动词不定式的基本形式●to + 动词原形●有时可以不带to(秃头不定式)2.动词不定式的否定形式not/never + to donot/never + do3.不定式的逻辑主语It’s good for you to do morning exercises.The question is too difficult for us to answer. It’s too dark for me to see anything in the room.It’s very kind of you to think of the others.如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for(of)引起的短语。
介词for(of)的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。
Step2. 请学生思考:动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分?学生得出结论:1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语5.作状语6.作表语7.与疑问词等连用Step3. 出示幻灯片让学生根据总结结果加强记忆。
Step4. 讨论动词不定式用法/功能,并总结:(1). 作主语To see is to believe.It’s exciting to surf on the Internet作主语的不定式如果很短,通常位于句首;若不定式(短语)较长时,常用it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语(即动词不定式)放在后面以避免头重脚轻。
(2) 宾语I want to go home.The workers decided to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:want, hope, wish, refuse, learn,would like, choose, decide, agree,pretend, expect, plan …He found it very difficult to get to sleep不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it 作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
北京四中编稿:向红丽责编:姜小敏动词不定式小结一、动词不定式的基本形式肯定式:to+动词原形否定式:not to+动词原形(to是不定式符号、标志,无意义,可以不翻译。
)二、动词不定式的特征动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
三、动词不定式的用法1. 不定式作宾语能跟不定式作宾语的动词(及物动词)很多,构成 vt.(及物动词)+to do sth. 结构。
常见的有:want, like, wish, hate, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect , remember, forget 等。
eg. He wanted to borrow my CD players. 他想借我的CD播放机。
His brother is learning to drive. 他弟弟正在学驾驶。
I hope to speak English well. 我希望讲好英语。
动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式后置。
eg. I find it difficult to learn physics. 我发现学习物理很难。
2. 不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后,补充说明宾语,作补足语。
构成 vt.+sb.+(not)to do sth. 结构。
常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词结构有want sb.to do, ask sb.to do, tell sb.to do, order sb.to do, get sb.to do, wish sb.to do, allow sb.to do, invite sb.to do, teach sb.to do, encourage sb.to do, beg sb.to do等。
动词不定式一、定义:有时要省去。
动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。
非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,分词。
非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,分词。
不定式在句中不能作谓语。
它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
不定式在句中不能作谓语。
它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
和进行式。
二、不定式的分类(一) 带to的不定式结构的不定式结构直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
等。
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth. (二) 不带to的不定式结构的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: can‟‟t help but...(不1.下列词组后面的不定式不带to:would rather ...than(宁愿(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好),can(不得不,必然),may/might as well...(不妨),let alone(更不用说)。
得不), had rather...(宁愿),cannot but...(不得不,必然)e.g.Y ou’d better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. 2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
不定式用法汇总动词不定式有带to的不定式和省略to的不定式两种。
动词不定式不能做句子的谓语,但它具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语、状语及逻辑主语。
一、动词不定式的特征1、及物动词的不定式形式,其后可以跟宾语。
No one knows why he agreed to do the film.It is very important to finish your homeword in time.2、不定式可以被状语修饰He aksed me to read the letter aloud.She told me to drive the car carefully.3、不定式没有人称和数的变化,不受主语的人称和单复数的限定或影响。
She likes to play the piano.I hope to finish reading the book tonight.4、不定式的复合结构的构成1)It is+adj+ for sb to do sth.在这个结构中,形容词说明不定式的特征,例如:It's really difficult for me to learn English.2) It is+adj+ of sb to do sth.在这个结构中,形容词说明逻辑主语的的特征,例如:It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.二、不定式的时态与语态1、不定式的一般式一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或者在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
I often hear my neighbour play the piano in the next room. 同时发生I hope to see you next week.之后发生2、不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示的动作一般与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
Grammar Presentation---动词不定式一、不定式的句法功能●不定式作主语➢To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。
◎不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置,而将真正的主语(不定式短语)移到谓语之后➢It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。
●不定式作宾语◎作动词宾语◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语,如:agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ➢They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。
◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语,常用“it”作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在后面。
下列动词常用it作形式宾语,如:believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ➢I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。
●不定式作表语◎不定式作表语时,一般紧跟在系动词后,说明主语的内容➢The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。
●不定式作补语➢I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。
●不定式作定语➢The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。
动词不定式(to do)语法讲解动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to),其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。
它属于一种非谓语动词的形式,在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但它可以保留动词的性质,其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分(不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语)。
动词不定式(短语)的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数,例如:To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
把以上两句变为it作形式主语的句子:(2)如果动词不定式太长,常常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置,例如:To learn English well is important. 对我们来说,学好英语是重要的。
It’s important for us to learn English well.It took me half an hour to walk there.我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
it不作形式主语:___________________________________________________________ 二、作宾语(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine,fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及would like/love 等动词,但finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词(doing)作宾语,例如:I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地。
北京四中英语语法知识难点(二)(四)动词时态、语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。
如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。
如:The earth goes round the sun.2、现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状语连用。
如:What are you doing now?(2) 和always, continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。
如:He is always doing good deeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。
如: Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。
如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.We're going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。
如:It happened many years ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。
如:What were you doing this time yesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题含答案初中英语动词不定式用法动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如:1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to learn English well is important.4.T o see is to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如:1.T he best way is to join an English club.2.T he first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree) ,期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn) ,宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如:1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to 的不定式短语作宾语,但why 后面的不定式不带to。
初中英语语法(动词不定式)1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达:1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
高中语法第九讲非谓语动词—动词不定式北京四中张恩2. 不定式的时态和语态1)一般说来,不定式_____式表示的动作有时与限定(谓语)动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之____。
如:2)不定式进行式表示动作_________,通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生。
3)不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之____。
4)不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用_______。
5)但不定式做后置定语或状语时,和前面的名词构成动宾结构,常见到to do表示_______含义。
如:The water is too hot to drink. 练一练:✧They invited us _______ (go) there this summer.✧I happened _______ (go) that way too.✧I am sorry ___________ (give) you so much trouble. =I am sorrythat I have given you so much trouble.✧All the work requires ____________ (complete) next week.3. 不定式的句法功能1)作主语:为了保持句子平衡,常以先行词_____作形式主语,而把_______短语置于谓语动词之后。
2)作表语:不定式作be 的表语与表示将来“be+不定式”结构的区别:前者不定式的__________不是句子的主语,而后者不定式的逻辑主语_____句子的主语。
练一练:根据汉语提示完成句子。
✧____________ (与他交谈)is a great pleasure.✧It ______________________________(听到你的声音真好).✧The problem is _________ (找到) a solution.✧You ____________ (将要擦) the windows.3)作宾语:♦注意接不定式作宾语的动词:_________________________________________________________________________________________ ____♦如果作宾语的不定式有自己的补语,须用先行词____作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式______。
动词不定式用法解析及练习题动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。
而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。
现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、不定式结构1.带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn,try,decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如:I want to go to themovies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don't forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
如:Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2.不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是hadbetter notdo sth.。
如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You'dbetter not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in. 我没看见你进来。
北京四中撰稿老师:黄浩编审老师:蔡正礼责任编辑:丁华动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题不定式既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能否定式:not +不定式不定式的时态一般说来,不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。
如:Who heard him say that?He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.不定式进行式表示动作正在进行,通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,如:They are said to be building another bridge across the river.I happened to be going that way too.不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前,如:I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.I am glad to have seen your mother.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语To talk with him is a great pleasure.不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后,如:It's nice to hear your voice.(2)作表语Her wish is to become an artist.(3)作宾语常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, attempt, decide, determine, expect, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, manage, help等之后,如:You should continue to learn as long as you live.注1:如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语,则须用先行词it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式后置,如:They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.注2:不定式一般不能作介词的宾语,只有在极少数介词如:but, except等后边才行。
此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如:In very cold winter weather a cold-blooded animal has no choice but to lie down and sleep.There was nothing left to do but clean the windows.(前边有do, to 省略)但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语,如:I have no idea about what to do next.(4)作宾语补足语通常用于及物动词或动词短语:want ,wish, ask, order, beg, tell, permit, know, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, require, call on, wait for 等之后,如:The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework.(5)作定语不定式作定语时,须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。
被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。
I have a lot of work to do.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,又可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。
所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的, 不定式用主动。
试比较:Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的逻辑主语是you)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someone else)I've got letters to write.He has something to say to you.(6)作状语作修饰动词的目的状语We must do everything we can to help them.作修饰动词的结果状语加强意料不到的语气,在表示结果的不定式前还可加only,如:I went to see him only to find him out.作修饰表语形容词的状语: 修饰形容词的不定式用主动:The chair is comfortable to sit in.作结果状语或程度状语。
too+形容词(或副词)+to do 太-----(以致)不能(做)It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.形容词(或副词)+ enough +to do -------足以(做)Is the boy old enough to go to school?(7)作独立成分To tell you the truthTo cut a long story shortTo begin with (首先)不定式的复合结构“for+名词(或代词宾语)+to do sth.”这种结构中的for本身无意义,for后的名词或代词(宾格)是不定式的逻辑主语This is for you to decide.句型1:It is + for sb. to do sth.句型2:It is + of sb. to do sth.good, kind, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, careless, naughty等不定式省去to的情况(1)当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to ,后面的不定式往往把to省去。
如:I wished to finish my homework and (to )get away.但是,如果是在对照的场合,则不可以省去“to”,如:It is better to laugh than cry. (wrong)(2)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to ,look at和使役动词let, make, have的复合宾语中,不定式须省去to。
如:I am a doctor. Let me examine you.(3)在help的复合宾语中,不定式可以带to也可以不带to.He often helps me (to)do my home work.(4)had better, had best, would rather, would rather--- than, cannot but , --- You'd better remain where you are.精选练习Ⅰ、翻译句子1. ________________________________(保卫祖国) is our sacred duty.2. It is an honor __________________________(全心全意为人民服务).3. It was not correct ________________________(那样谈话).4. It was a mistake ____________________(不继续这项工作).5. It was stupid _______________________(我没有采纳你的意见).6. Her wish is ___________________(当一名科学家).7. Our main task is _________________(努力学习).8. The main purpose of a camera is ______________(照相).9. What worries me is ___________________(在会上该说些什么).10. What I wanted was _______________________(使这项工作尽快完成).11. I forget ___________________________(在信里提那件事了).12. Without hesitation Lao Li stopped his truck and helped_____________________ (把一袋袋的粮食运到安全的地方).13. Would you like ___________________________(出席这次会议).14. I'll show you ____________________________(怎样使用计算器).15. I found ________________________________(不可能使她改变主意).16. The doctor told _____________________________(病人们好好休息).17. I didn't expect ______________________________(问题那样复杂).18. Did you notice ______________________________(有人离开房子吗)?19. Man must make _______________________________(地球养活更多的人).20. You must get _________________________________(他今晚到这里来一趟).21. Do you have __________________________________(什么问题要问)?22. John Baird found _______________________________(用无线电传送图像的方法).23. There are ______________________________________(很多事情要谈)24. He is not _________________________________(只想自己的人).25. It's time __________________________________(你起床).26. He was delighted ____________________________(看见她身体这样好).27. This book is _______________________________(不容易懂).28. He liked new clothes so much that he spent all his time and all his money ________(为了穿得漂亮).29. You must speak louder ________________________(以便让大家都听见).30. She was ______________________________(气得说不出一句话来).Ⅱ、单项选择1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.A. don'tB. notC. will notD. not to2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.A. not to haveB. not to takeC. didn't takeD. not to make3. Tell him _______ the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to5. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating7. The workers want us ________ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.A. to risk goingB. risking to goC. for risk to goD. risk going9. I saw him _______ out of the room.A. goB. had goneC. has goneD. goes10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow11. I've heard him _______ about you often.A. spokeB. speaksC. speak12. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made ______by his little sister.A. cry;to cryB. crying;cryingC. cry;cryD. to cry;cry13. He was made _________.A. goB. goneC. goingD. to go14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing15. Paul doesn't have to be made _______. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning16. There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _______ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where17. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know _________.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whatD. to choose which18. “ Have you decided when ________?”“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are you leaving19. Last summer I took a course on ________.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made20. He doesn't know ______ to stay or not.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen22. --- The light in the office is still on.--- Oh, I forgot _______.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.A. make friend withB. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to30. I need a day or two ________.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinking31. He was too excited _________.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.A. doingB. to doC. doD. to be doing34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to rideD. to ride; riding35. It's freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.A. had better toB. had betterC. would betterD. would better to36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.A. sitB. sit onC. be sitD. be sat on37. I'm hungry. Get me something _________.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating38. --- I usually go there by train.--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.A. except lookB. but to lookC. except to lookD. but looking40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. share41. They won't let their teacher _______ in that way.A. to be treatedB. being treatedC. treatedD. be treated42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.A. to be cleanedB. to cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned43. The problem _______ at tomorrow's meeting is a very difficult one.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.A. tired; learnedB. tiring; learningC. to tire; to learnD. tired; to learn45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.A. for finding itB. to find itC. finding itD. by finding it46. I'm sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let's borrow one from Li Ming.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing47. She couldn't decide which restaurant _______.A. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eat atD. eating at48. This problem is said _____ three times.A. to have been talkedB. to have discussedC. having been discussedD. to have been talked about49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.A. be takenB. takingC. to takeD. to have taken50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.A. read; watchB. to read; watchC. reading; to watchD. to read; to watch参考答案:Ⅰ、1. To defend our motherland2. to serve the people heart and soul3. to talk like that4. not to go on with the work5. of me not to take your advice6. to be a scientist7. to study hard8. to take photographs9. what to say at the meeting10. to get the work done as quickly as possible11. to mention it in the letter12. to carry the sacks of grain to safety13. to be present at the meeting ( to attend the meeting)14. how to use the computer15. it impossible to make her change her mind16. the patients to take a good rest17. the problem to be so complicated18. anyone leave the house19. the earth support more people20. him to come over here this evening21. any question to ask22. a way to send pictures by wireless23. a lot of things to talk about24. a man to think only of himself25. for you to get up26. to see her in such good health27. not easy to understand28. in order to be well dressed29. so as to be heard by everybody30. too angry to say a wordⅡ、1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 CADAB 16-20 BBAAA21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA 31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDB附:部分题目解析:1.tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事2.take sth. for granted “把某事想当然”,是一个固定词组。