下载文档原格式
Unit 4TrainA train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway.Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate locomotive. Most modern trains are powered by diesel locomotives, although historically (from the early 19th century to the mid-20th century) the steam locomotive was the dominant form of locomotive power.There are various types of train designed for particular purposes. A train can consist of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars.A passenger train may consist of one or several locomotives, and one or more coaches. Passenger trains travel between stations, at which passengers may board and disembark. In most cases, passenger trains operate on a fixed schedule and have superior track occupancy rights over freight trains.Oversight of a passenger train is the responsibility of the conductor. He or she is usually assisted by other crew members, such as service attendants or porters. During the heyday of North American passenger rail travel, long distance trains carried two conductors: the aforementioned train conductor, and a Pullman conductor, the latter being in charge of sleeping car personnel.Some passenger trains, both long distance and short distanced, may use bi-level (double-decker) cars to carry more passengers per train. Car design and the general safety of passenger trains have dramatically evolved over time, making travel by rail remarkably safe.Freight trains comprise wagons , though some parcel and mail trains are more like passenger trains. Much of the world's freight is transported by train, and in the United States the rail system is used more for transporting freight than passengers. Under the right circumstances, transporting freight by train is highly economic, and also more energy efficient than transporting freight byroad. Rail freight is most economic when freight is being carried in bulk and over long distances, but is less suited to short distances and small loads.译文列车列车是铁路运输中连接起来的一组车辆，它们在轨道上行驶，从一地向另一地运输旅客或货物。
Unit 4 Punctuality and CultureI.Teaching objectives1.Enlarge your vocabulary related to timetables and schedules.2.Make an appointment according to the timetables.3.Practice writing timetables and schedules .4.Appreciate passages and complete exercises well.5.Get some tips about the use of verb tenses.II. Key points1. Master the vocabulary about timetables and schedules.2. Understand the passages3. Practice writing timetables and schedules.4. Practice making an appointment according to the timetables. III. Difficult points1. Get some tips about the use of verb tenses.2. Practice writing timetables and schedules.3. Appreciate passages and complete exercises well.IV. Teaching methodology1.Task-based language teaching2.Direct methodV. Teaching proceduresSection I Talking Face to FaceImitating Mini-Talks1.Work in pairs. Practice the following mini-talks about schedules and timetables.Acting out the Tasks2.Work in pairs and act out the tasks by following the above mini-talks.Key for reference:1）Task:Look at the flight timetable in Exercise 3. Ask about the departure and arrival time.2）Task:Look at the flight timetable in Exercise 3 .Ask about the Tuesday flight for Hong Kong.3）Task: Look at Mark’s schedule in Exercise 3. Call to ask Mark for a change of an appointment.4）Task:Look at Mark’s schedule in Exercise 3. Ask to make an appointment to see Mark on Wednesday.5）Look at Mark’s schedule in Exercise 3. An old friend in Hong Kong asks to see Mark on Thursday .Studying Timetables and Schedules3.Timetables and schedules a re important in planning our activities. Read the following timetable and schedual and try to use the information to practice short dialogues.Following Sample Dialogues4. Read the following sample dialogues and try to perform your own tasks. Putting Language to Use5. Mark is going to Harbin to see the Ice Lantern Exhibition. He is asking Miss Wang to help him to find out about the train timetable. Suppose you are Mark. Read aloud the following dialogue with your partner by putting in the missing words.6. Now imagine you are a receptionist in a hotel. Mr. Johnson is asking you about information of your hotel. Fill in the blanks according to the clues given in the brackets. Then act it out with your partner.Section II Being All EarsLearning Sentences for Workplace Communication1.Listen to 10 sentences f or workplace communication cross-referenced w ith their Chinese translations.Script: (e.g) 1）. Would you please arrange a meeting for me with Dr. Johnson?2）. I’d like to make an appointment to see Mr. Black.3）. I’d like to confirm our meeting tomorrow afternoon.4）. The train is due to arrive at 9 o’clock, but it has been delayed for one hour.5). I’d like to see you tomorrow if you have time.2.Listen to the following sentences for workplace communication in Column A and match each one with its Chinese version in Column B.3.Listen to 6 sentences f or workplace communication and choose their right responses.Handling a Dialogue4.Listen to a dialogue and decode the message by filling in Susan’s schedule according to what you have heard.Understanding a Short Speech/Talk5.Now listen to a short speech/talk and fill up the blanks according to what you have heard.The words in brackets will give you some hints.6.Listen to the speech/talk again and complete the information in Column A with the right choices in Column B.Section III Trying Your HandPracticing Applied Writing1.Fill in the office hours making use of the information in the passage t hat follows.2.Translate the following schedule into Chinese, using the data bank in the Workbook for reference.3.Write an English schedule for the coming week according to your circumstances.Writing Sentences and Reviewing Grammarplete the following sentences, using the right verb forms.5.Correct the errors in the following sentences.6.Translate the following sentences into English.1)This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.2)The students were still laughing when the teacher came into the classroom.3)I haven’t finished the book yet, so I don’t want to return it to the library.4)Is this the first time you have come to China?5)Even if it rains in the afternoon, I will go downtown with you..6)I didn’t hear what you said just now. I was watching TV.7)I know Mr. Wang is living in Nanjing at the moment.8)The little town lies at the foot of a mountain.Write and Describe a Picture7. Suppose this is your schedule for the coming three days. Write a paragraph of about 100words based on the information given in the schedule. You may start the passage with the sentence: I’ve got a very busy schedule.Section IV Maintaining a Sharp EyePassage onenguage Points:A.Explanation of Difficult Sentences1)One of the cultural differences that tend to annoy Americans has to do with understanding of punctuality.Analysis:Has to do with is a phrase meaning has a special relationship with. It is the predicate of the sentence. That introduces a restrictive relative clause modifying differences.2)Arriving at my office 30 minutes after the appointment , I found a voice message telling me the team was waiting for me in the meeting room. Analysis: Arriving at... is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of time. Telling me(=that told me）is a present participle phrase modifying message. The team was waiting for me in the meeting room is the object clause of the verb telling with that omitted.3)Being afraid that I had missed the appointment , I hurried in, and found them happily chatting together.Analysis:Being afraid that I had missed the appointment is a present participle clause used as an adverbial of cause. Chatting is a present participle used as the object complement.4)...if you start late you won’t be able to finish the business at hand without running beyound the scheduled ending time.Analysis:If introduces an adverbial clause of condition. Note that the pattern you won’t be able to ...without running beyound means you will... by running beyound...B.Important Words1)punctuality n. the quality of adhering to an appointed time2)pay v. be worth it3)annoy v.to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts4)punctual a.arriving exactly at the time appointed5)attitude n. a mental state involving feelings, beliefs and values6)behavior n.manner of acting2.Passage Translation3.Read and Think: Answer the following questions according to the passage.4.Read and Complete1)Complete each of the following statements with words or phrases from thepassage.2)Fill in the blanks with the proper words or expressions given below,changing the form if necessary.5.Read and Translate6.Read and SimulatePassage twonguage Points:A.Explanation of Difficult Sentences1)Those traveling or doing business abroad should always find out the answer to this question.Analysis: traveling or doing business abroad (=who travel or do business) is a present parciple clause used as the post-modifier of those.2)It is also supposed etiquette to arrive a little late for a party, which I have never ever understood.Analysis:supposed is a past participle, used as an adjective here. Which introduces a non-restrictive relative clause and which itself refers to the whole main clause.3)... When a bridge or major high way shuts down, there may not be any way to get where you are going.Analysis: the infinitive phrase to get where you are going is the post-modifier of the noun way.4)So I would have to say that I am always early, except when I can’t get there at all, in which case I will call as soon as I know I am going to be late. Analysis: In the object that-clause, except introduces a when- clause, an adverbial clause of time, indicating an exceptional situation. In which case introduces a non-restrictive relative clause,which refers to the exceptional when-clause.B. Important Words1)standard n. a basis for comparison; a reference point agaist which other things can be evaluated2)etiquette n.the formal rules for polite behaviors3)suppose v. to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; used to say what was or is expected or intended to happen4)absolutely ad. completely and in every way5)insult n./v. A remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude; to offend someone by saying or doing something they think is rude6)case n. an example of a particular situation , problem, etc.2.Passage Translation3.Read and Judge: True/False4.Read and Translate: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1)按照美国人的标准，巴西人不算守时。
Unit 4 Love and MarriagePassage A Our International Love StoryDetailed Discussion of the Text1.In China we have an old saying, “separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.”（Introduction）中国有句古话：有缘千里来相会。
1）predestination：n.宿命论e.g.The doctrine of predestination is very popular in the West.宿命论在西方很流行。
2. Emily Grace tells us how she and Sean are destined to be together despite the distance between them. （Introduction）Paraphrase: Emily Grace tells us that although she and Sean are thousands of miles apart and don’t know each other at that time, it seems that they are certain to be together in the future.1) destined: a. (not before noun) certain to have sth. or do sth. at some time in the future命中注定的；预定的(a) destined for sth./to do sth; be destined that…命中注定要做……；预定e.g.Comimg from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage.我生于戏剧工作者之家，这注定了我的舞台生涯。
