(完整版)上海重点中学年高一下学期英语阅读理解

试卷第1页，共12页 上海市光明中学2022-2023学年高一下学期3月英语调研试卷 一、短对话 1．

A．This afternoon. B．This morning. C．Tomorrow. D．Next week. 2． A．A waiter. B．A shop assistant. C．A cashier. D．A postman. 3． A．11. B．3. C．7. D．8. 4． A．At a cinema. B．At an airport. C．At a hotel. D．At a railway station. 5． A．They had better not go out. B．To get some yogurt is a good idea. C．It’s too cold to walk in the snow. D．He prefers milk to yogurt. 6． A．She asks the man to open the window. B．It is cold inside. C．She doesn’t want to open the window. D．She prefers the fresh air. 7． A．Mom doesn’t like wine. B．They’ve already got plenty of wine. C．They are going to buy what they need. D．They’ve got enough food for the party. 8． A．The boy doesn’t have to clean the screen of his computer. B．There’s not enough time for the boy to clean both. C．The desk is such a mess and needs cleaning. D．The boy’s mother will do the cleaning for him. 9． A．Touched. B．Amused. C．Annoyed. D．Bored. 10． A．They can’t speak English. B．The microphone doesn’t work well. 试卷第2页，共12页

Passage 1.Today, many people are starving to death. Recently, a man who wanted to understand the conditions of such people 1 an experiment. He only ate one meal a day for a month but continued to work as he normally did.During the first five days he was _ 2 _ at his regular mealtime, but after he had drunk a glass of water, his hunger __ 3 _ . In the morning, when he ate his one meal, he ate quickly and had a ___4 _ amount. During the next few days, he was not hungry during the day, but when he ___5 a food stall (a place on which food is put to be sold), the smell of food caught his 6 . During the third and the fourth weeks, he had hunger pains and lacked physical strength. He looked forward to one meal and ate it slowly, enjoying every bite. Without it, he knew he would have hardly enough 7 to work.This experiment changed his attitude about some things. Having a cup of tea was not 8 a pastime（消遣）. It also gave him strength. He more frequently noticed overweight people and people who threw away leftover food. He 9 the importance of food to hungry person. He could no longer easily pass by a hungry beggar on the street. But most ___ 10 , he could now sympathize(同情) in a similar way with the hungry people of the world.1. A. took along B. carried out C. put on D. brought in2. A. hungry B. angry C. happy D. excited3. A. came about B. broke out C. set off D. went away4. A. small B. ordinary C. large D. common5. A. noticed B. watched C. recognized D. glanced6. A. interest B. eyes C. imagination D. attention7. A. power B. spirit C. energy D. feeling8. A. just B. still C. yet D. exactly9. A. admitted B. realized C. remember D. valued10. A. seriously B. luckily C. necessary D. importantPassage 2.Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are threecauses for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 1 by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the____2____ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 3 force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the 4___destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.In the second place it is observable, that 5 occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were 6 defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to ___7___ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the 8 species. Monkeys do not mind being 9 by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often ____10____. But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The 11 of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ____12____. A child will be stopped either by 13 causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be 14 because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by ____15_____, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.1. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness2. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection3. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into4. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary5. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation6. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully7. A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate8. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable9. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled10. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed11. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion12. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality13. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic14. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented15. A. learning B. failing C. imitating D. refusingPassage 3Dad is a liar(说谎者) certainly. He never tells the truth about anything bad, or anything that he thinks is bad to me,even though I’ve told him that I don’t 1 hearing these things.He’s the 2 man I have ever met, who never hurts others, as well as the cruelest man, for he’s always hard on himself. Every time I phoned home from college and asked dad how his 3 was getting on, he would always reply, “Oh, couldn’t be better!” When I asked mum the same question on the phone, 4 , she honestly told me every 5 with dad’s business.I didn’t blame(责怪) dad for his 6 . Instead I showed concern(关心) for him.Dad is a miser(吝啬鬼), undoubtedly. I hardly see dad wear 7 clothes. In fact, his closet is half empty. Even in this half, two-thirds is used by mum’s clothes and the other one-third 8 him. I begged him to buy some new clothes, but he simply shook his head, “ The old clothes are still good enough. ” W ere they? I saw holes in themIt tore my heart up when I saw dad cough terribly with his hand covering his mouth. When the pains（疼痛became very serious, he 9 took some medicine.So it surprised 10 when the day came that dad got sick. He was lying in bed, andall the family gathered(聚集) around him. I knelt(跪) by his bedside, tears filling my eyes.Dear dad, y ou’ve been pushing yourself too hard, which you should not have. I know I might as well expect a river to flow backwards as hope to take you out of working so hard 1．A．mind B．suggest C．enjoy D．allow2．A．clever est B．strongest C．biggest D．kindest3．A．health B．experiment C．business D．treatment4．A．also B．anyway C．therefore D．however5．A．change B．difference C．decision D．problem6．A．lies B．opinions C．purposes D．excuses7．A．cheap B．new C．clean D．old8．A．leads to B．belongs to C．replies to D．returns to9．A．still B．even C．only D．ever10．A．somebody B．nobody C．anybody D．everybodyPassage 4.It is true that life is unpredictable. Disasters can 1 misfortune when faced with it is the true test of your character. at any time. How you handleA boy lost his arms in an accident. To take care ofhim, his younger brother became his2 , never leaving him alone for years. One late night, he suffered from diarrheal(腹泻). His younger brother3 him into the toilet and then went back the dorm to wait. But being so4 , his younger brother fell asleep, leaving him on the toilet for two hours till the teacher on duty discovered him. Thus the two brothers grew up together. Then one day, his younger brother wanted to live his own5 . So the boy was heart-broken.A similar misfortune befell a girl, too. One night alone at home, she tried to 6 meals for her parents,only to overturn the kerosene light(煤油灯) on the stove,resulting 7 a fire which took her hands away.Though her elder sister showed her willingness to 8 her,she was determined to be completely independent.One day, the boy and the girl were both invited to appear on a television interview program. The boy expressed his fear for his uncertain future at being left on his own 9 the girl was full of enthusiasm for her life. They each were asked to write something on a piece of paper. Theboy wrote: My younger brothers' arms are my arms. The girl wrote: Broken wings, flying heart.If you only complain about your suffering, it will always follow you wherever you go. But if you decide to be 10 , the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.1．A．beat B．hit C．strike D．fight 2．A．adult B．educator C．shadow D．host3．A．persuaded B．permitted C．allowed D．accompanied 4．A．enthusiastic B．optimistic C．tired D．disappointed 5．A．future B．fate C．life D．happiness 6．A．exchange B．buy C．order D．prepare7．A．in B．from C．for D．upon8．A．put away B．attend to C．pick up D．concentrate on 9．A．however B．besides C．while D．therefore10．A. strong B．weak C．Mild D．wildPassage 5.When I was a teenager growing up in France, I wanted to leave school and have my own life. The only way I could __1__this was to work in the local paper factory in my town, or get married.I was very nervous when I told my__2__ I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “__3__You are going to college (大学).” I was very__4__when he said, “OK. Let’s go to the paper factory.”Two days later, __5__took me to the factory. I imagined everyone to be friends __6__ together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I __7__ I had watched too many movies as a teenager.When we __8__ the factory gate, my father spoke to the guard (门卫) and one minute later we were__9__. I walked around the factory looking at the building, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was__10__ . I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”He asked me, “What do you think of the__ 11__ ?”“Too bad,” I answered.“And marriage(婚姻) is even__12__ !” he said.I went back to school the next day thinking about studying hard __13__ I could get into a good college. I__14__ studying English so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our__ 15__ to the paper factory, I now work at the United Nations and my father is very proud of me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory!1. A. say B. do C. receive D. find2.A. teacher B. friend C. father D. husband3.A. Yes! B. No! C. Really? D. OK?4.A. angry B. tired C. nervous D. surprised5.A. he B. she C. it D. they6.A. working B. studying C. singing D. farming7.A. guess B. mean C. say D. hope8.A. looked at B. returned to C. arrived at D. left for9.A. outside B. inside C. back D. away10.A. terrible B. wonderful C. funny D. special11.A. workers B. guard C. building D. factory12.A. better B. harder C. worse D. easier13.A. but B. if C. so D. or14.A. enjoyed B. stopped C. disliked D. minded15.A. way B. idea C. plan D. tripPassage 6.One day, my mother was sewing（缝）a quilt（棉被）. I silently sat down beside her and asked her a question in a very low 1 , “Mon, is there love between you and Dad?”My mother stopped her work and raised her 2 with surprise in her eyes. She didn’t answer directly, but I heard my mother say the 3 words:“Susan,” she said thoughtfully, “look at this 4 . Sometimes it appears, but most of it 5 in the quilt. The thread (线) really makes the quilt strong and durable（耐用的）. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can 6 be seen anywhere or anytime, but it’s 7there.”I listened carefully but I couldn’t 8 her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. The doctor had said my father would 9 in two months. But after two months he still couldn’t walk by himself. Every day in the morning and dusk, my mother 10 my father walk slowly on the country road.“Dad, how are you feeling now?” I asked him one day.“Susan, don’t worry about me.” He said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like 11 with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Reading his eyes, I knew he loved my mother deeply.Once I thought love meant 12 , gifts and sweet kisses. But from this experience, I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.1. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. breath2. A. head B. arms C. face D. hands3. A. above B. following C. followed D. latter4. A. quilt B. thread C. needle（针） D. love5. A. leaves B. loses C. hides D. escapes6. A. always B. almost C. easily D. hardly7. A. usually B. still C. always D. really8. A. recognize B. realize C. understand D. know9. A. renew B. rescue C. recover D. return10. A. forced B. helped C. made D. wanted11. A. talking B. running C. living D. walking12. A. flowers B. money C. quilts D. threadsPassage 7.British men are abandoning their stiff（僵硬的）upper lips but still do not express their feeling openly like Americans, a research shows. When it comes to strong emotion, the once _____1_____ British are now happy to cry quite openly."Thirty percent of all British males have cried in the last month. That is a very high figure," said Peter Marsh, director of the Social Issues Research Center. "Only two percent said theycould not remember when then they last cried," the head of the research group said. Long gone is the "No ____2____ ----- We're British" time when emotion was considered a _____3_____ form. "Among 2,000 people, very few people in their forties or fifties had seen their _____4_____ cry. Now it is twice as many," he told reporters. "Seventy-seven percent of men considered crying in public increasingly _____5____." Almost half the British men opened the floodgates over a bad movie, book or TV program. Self-pity got 17 percent crying. Nine percent cried at weddings.Form the days of Empire, the British have always considered themselves models of reserve （矜持）, _____6_____ "excitable foreigners" who show no _____7_____.Marsh argued the ______8______ was still there "We have probably not caught up with the Americans or the Italians when it comes to the actual display of emotions""But we are clearly ______9_______. What we take as typical British reserve has been significantly disappeared."Women's battle for equal rights has certainly had an effect --- both in the workplace and at home. "Men in their twenties or thirties are interacting with women on equal terms much more so than a generation ago. They have to relate to the opposite sex .Women become more man -like and men become more female. That transfers into the ____10____ too," Marsh said.1. A. helpless B. cool C. serious D. speechless2. A. Tears B. Smoking C. Excitement D. Doubt3. A. common B. preferred C. bad D. crazy4. A. neighbour B. partner C. mother D. father5. A. unwise B. unavoidable C. available D. acceptable6. A. laughing at B. interested in C. looking jealously at D. taking pity on7. A. self-confidence B. self-centered C. self-control D. self-defence8. A. difference B. impact C. conflict D. reserve9. A. developing B. changing C. attempting D. experimenting10. A. future B. workplace C. mind D. lawPassage 8.A long time ago a baby was born into a poor family. His future looked _____1_____ as he grew to see a poor life before him. He joined the army as a common soldier and was wounded so _____2_____ that he never regained the use of his left arm.He later failed to find a good job and, on two _____3_____, was sent todebtor’s prison. He continued to brush aside the law and struggled just to_____4_____.But, despite his poor life, he never let go of his _____5_____ to write abook. He wrote a beautiful story w hich came from his heart’s deepest dreams anddesires. It has _____6_____ generations of people the world over ever since. It is about a man who saw the world _____7_____ from everyone else. Though written in _____8_____, the book is an encouraging tale of irrepressible (压抑不住的) _____9_____. This man’s story has been put to music and film, translated into numerous languages and remains a bestseller after some 400 years. The _____10_____ was Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (塞万提斯) and the book is Don Quixote de la Mancha (《堂吉诃德》).Perhaps Cervantes himself believed that the world “sees persons as they are --- I see them as they can be!” Cervantes may never have _____11_____ such a good work had he not seen some potential within himself that was _____12_____ from the rest of the world. He has taught others that great _____13_____: What we see will come to be.Some see themselves as they are, others as they _____14_____ be. But when we look beyond the present reality, sad as it may seem, and _____15_____ our sights upon the best that is within a situation or a human being, then, too, what we see will come to be. And we’ll know the power of hope.1. A. sad B. rosy C. bright D. sunny2. A. terribly B. heavily C. hardly D. seriously3. A. conditions B. circumstances C. situations D. occasions4. A. survive B. succeed C. wander D. contribute5. A. trust B. destination C. love D. dream6. A. bored B. moved C. untied D. frightened7. A. differently B. authentically C. brilliantly D. clearly8. A. anger B. trouble C. danger D. suffering9. A. risk B. adventure C. hope D. emotion10. A. author B. soldier C. translator D. debtor11. A. continued B. performed C. found D. finished12. A. realized B. developed C. hidden D. tapped13. A. truth B. proverb C. motto D. saying14. A. would B. can C. may D. must15. A. devote B. fasten C. pay D. fixPassage 9.A young man and an old man were waiting for a bus at the station, they sat 1 each other. “What’s that in your bag?” asked the young man, 2 a big bag beside the old man.“Gold, nothing but gold,” answered the old man.“What? My god! How I wish to be able to get so much gold!” the young man said to himself.Then the young man was 3 how to get the gold.Soon the old man looked tired and sleepy and it 4 that he could not keep his eyes open. The young man knew his chance was on the way.“Are you sleepy, sir?” said the young man. “Then you had better lie down and have a good rest. Don’t worry about the bus. I’ll 5 you up in time when the bus came.”“All right. It’s very kind of you, young man.” The old man lay down and before long he fell asleep.The young man took the bag 6 . But when he was about to go away, the young man found that 7 of his expensive fur coat wa s under the old man’s body. Several times he8 to pull it out but failed. At last he 9 his coat, thinking that the gold in the bag must cost much more than his fur coat.The young man ran out of the station as quickly as his legs could 10 him. When he reached a place where he thought the old man could not find him, he opened the bag.To his 11 , in it were only a lot of small stones. He 12 to the station at once. But when he got there, he found the old man was nowhere to be seen.1. A. far from B. next to C. opposite D. behind2. A. pointing at B. picking up C. feeling D. pushing3. A. worrying about B. trying his best C. thinking about D. making up his mind4. A. looked B. seemed C. was clear D. was certain5. A. wake B. call C. pick D. take6. A. quickly B. immediately C. hurriedly D. quietly7. A. a button B. a pocket C. a corner D. an arm8. A. planned B. meant C. managed D. tried9. A. took off B. put on C. threw away D. put away10. A. help B. cover C. support D. carry11. A. joy B. excitement C. surprise D. satisfaction12. A. walked B. hurried C. rode D. drovePassage 10.My father was a strong fisherman. He loved the sea and would stay out until he caught enough to 1 the family.When we met 2 weather, he would drive me to school with his old truck. And after we arrived, he would bend over and give me a 3 on the face and then tell me to be a good boy. I always felt very shy in front of so many other 4 . I was already a twelve-year-old young man, but my father still kissed me goodbye!Then on a rainy day I 5 to tell him my feeling. When we stopped at the school gate, the 6 big smile appeared on my father’s face. I 7 what would happen next. I 8 put my hand up and for the first time said “No” to him. The smile on his face immediately changed into a 9 look. He looked at me for a long time, and tears began to appear in his eyes. I was shocked. I had never 10 him cry! Then he said, “You’re right. You are a big boy.. a man. I won’t kiss you any more. ”Not long after that, my dad went to the sea on a bad day. Most of the 11 stayed at home,but not Dad, because he had a big family to feed. But after that day, he 12 came back.Later his boat was found with its nets half in and half out. He must have 13 a strong wind and was trying to save the nets.How I wished I hadn’t 14 my father’s kiss! And from this I have learnt that we should take every chance with our family and friends as the last one in our lives. We can have 15 regrets (遗憾) by doing this.1. A. enjoy B. feed C. keep D. save2. A. fine B. warm C. cool D. bad3. A. kiss B. smile C. touch D. chat4. A. passengers B. workers C. schoolmates D. friends5. A. decided B. agreed C. advised D. happened6. A. strange B. usual C. beautiful D. kind7. A. concerned B. wondered C. knew D. remembered8. A. curiously B. violently C. patiently D. quickly9. A. disappointed B. worried C. surprised D. satisfied10. A. wanted B. seen C. gained D. minded11. A. physicists B. authors C. customers D. fishermen12. A. later B. finally C. never D. often13. A. missed B. managed C. met D. hoped14. A. refused B. forgotten C. hated D. remembered15. A. new B. good C. small D. fewPassage1答案及解析：1-5 BADCA 6-10 DCABDPassage2答案及解析：1-5 DBACA 6-10 BDACD 11-15 CBADBPassage3 答案及解析：1-5 ADCDD 6-10 ABBCBPassage4答案及解析：1-5 CCDCC 6-10 DABCAPassage5答案及解析：1-5 BCBDA 6-10 AACBA 11-15 DCCADPassage6答案及解析：1—5 AABBC 6—10 DDCCB 11—12 DAPassage7答案及解析：1-5.CACDD 6-10 ACABBPassage8答案及解析：1-5 ADDAD 6-10 BADCA 11-15 DCABD Passage9答案及解析：1-5 BACBA 6-10 DCDAD 11-12 CB Passage10答案及解析：1-5 BDACA 6-10 BCDCB 11-15 DCCAD。

2021学年下学期阶段性测试卷（一）(解析）202一．Complete the following sentences by using the correct forms of the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can be used only once.1.We needed to get to London but we had no _______ of transport.2.He suffered from headaches and loss of __________.3.Humans ________ their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education.4.She would only play a role if she could _____________ the character.5.The company ____________ trouble early on, when a major order was canceled.6.Most people in this kind of jobs ______________ work long hours.7.It is an interesting scientific ______________ but of no practical use.8.The hotel has special _____________for welcoming disabled people.9.The performers, in ____________ and make-up, were walking up and down backstage.10.The wetlands are home to a large ___________ of wildlife.解析：run into 遇到tend to 往往identify with 认同，一致pass down 流传phenomenon 现象costume 服装facilities 设施appetite 胃口，食欲variety 多样性means 手段，方式，方法1.We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport.我们需要去伦敦，但没有交通工具。

1. 语法练习：Directions:Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the brackets. For those blanks without given words, you are required to write down a pronoun (代词), a preposition (介词), a coordinating conjunction (连词) or a subordinating conjunction(从句引导词).(A)He was the madman who kicked a soccer shoe across a room and hit superstar David Beckham right in the face, but he’s also the caring boss who supported and defended his players in times of trouble. He’s a scary leader who is known for yelling (咆哮), but he’s also a master of patiently dealing with young players.(18) Manchester United’s manager for more than a quarter of a century, Sir Alex Ferguson had a career varied enough to lend itself to any opinion. ……Perhaps David Beckham is the most famous one. (19) the former England captain still called Ferguson a “father figure”, it was a locker room (更衣室) fight (20) the two of them (21) caused Beckham’s trade to Real Madrid. After a 2-0 home defeat at the hands of rivals (对手) Arsenal in the 2003 FA Cup, Ferguson yelled and threw a shoe at Beckham’s head.“The fascination (魅力) with Ferguson was with his crude (天然的) ability (22) (meet) a target,” commented Jenkins. “He had a simple objective: to find players who could score goals. His keys to such success are common to all endeavors: hard work, decisiveness and a readiness to learn from mistakes.(B)I remember sitting in an airport one day. I was excited because I just(23) (upgrade)to a first class ticket on my flight. In fact, I had the best seat on the entire plane: seat 1A. Before boarding, I noticed a young lady with several carry-on bags, (24) (hold) a crying baby. I suddenly heard my conscience speak to me: “Let her have your ticket.” I fought this for a while but eventually gave in.“Excuse me,” I said to the young lady, “but you look like you could use this first class ticket more than me. I know how hard it can be flying with kids. Why don’t we trade”“Are you sure” she asked.“Oh, yeah.I really don’t mind,” I saidI felt like a million bucks (美元).As we boarded the plane, I was surprised at how good it made me feel to watch her sit down in seat 1A. At one point during the flight I was so curious to see how she was doing thatI walked to the first class section (区域) and peeked in (偷看)(25) the curtain. There she was, asleep with her baby in their big andcomfortable seat 1A.(C)HE is the beloved Cousin Matthew, the Crawley family heir (继承人) in Downton Abbey, (26) is now being aired on CCTV. With his good manners, dreamy eyes and charming accent, he is a natural aristocrat (贵族).Despite his upper class style on the show, 30-year-old Dan Stevens spent most of his teen years rebelling (叛逆) against the upper class.(27) (adopt) at birth by two teachers, he got into trouble at school often. “I was never very happy at school. I didn’t get on with the other kids. I didn’t fit in,” the British actor told the Daily Mail.However, Stevens’ youth was marked by both bad be havior and good performances on exams.At the age of 13, he won a scholarship to the Tonbridge School, a well-known boarding school (寄宿学校) in the UK, (28) a lot of the students come from rich families. In his first year there, he tried out for the lead role in a production (演出) of Shakespeare’s Macbeth. The other students who tried out were mostly 17- and 18-year-olds, but he was chosen (29) his talent.(D)showing his political preferences (偏向) – respect for the opposition (反对党) leader Kim but disrespect for the ruling party leaders Lee and Park.organizations or top political figures (人物),” Dong-A Ilbo quoted (援引) an unnamed friend of Gates’ in Seoul as saying.How customs vary around the worldIt is not only in South Korea that greetings can offend (冒犯) others.A handshake can also be a faux pas (失礼) in France if a kiss on the cheekIn Japan, it is impolite not to bow lower than the other person whengreeting.In the UK and the US, the “okay” sign is a positive gesture but in Greece and Turkey it is seen as very vulgar (粗俗的).There are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. That’s not a big number _41_ to the city’s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that it’s not the number of cars on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal.There are new regulations _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get a driver’s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai’s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers’ attitudes. Thereseems to be a lack of concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai’s streets can become truly safe.Reading involves looking at illustrative symbols and expressing mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 50 o ver the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 51 the reading process. Although experts agree that reading 52 a complex organization of higher mental 53 , they disagree about the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 54 reading as simply the decoding（解码）of symbols into the sounds they stand for.These authorities 55 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplainably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 56 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 57 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 58 reads.Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a bookin its 59 . By some experts they would not be 60 as readers. Clearly,the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most 61 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 62 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 63 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. 64 , reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.50. A. specifically B. dramatically C. abstractly D. ridiculously51. A. understanding B. translating C. defining D. substituting52. A. involves B. concentrates C. specializes D. analyzes53. A. opinions B. effects C. manners D. functions54. A. view B. look C. reassure D. agree55. A. support B. argue C. attempt D. compete56. A. interpreting B. saying C. reciting D. reading57. A. in addition to B. for example C. according to D. such as58. A. completely B. carefully C. publically D. actually59. A. part B. whole C. standard D. straight60. A. applied B. granted C. classified D. graded61. A. instructive B. doubtful C. certain D. complicated62. A. strike B. illustrate C. define D. unlock63. A. purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps64. A. On the other hand B. In short C. By the way D. So farWe Are Now Open Daily thru Columbus DayThe museum and store are open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.throughout the season. Trolley rides start with the first departure at 10:05 a.m. and continue until the end of the day with the last ride being at 4:15 p.m.. We are open Rain or Shine!Ice Cream & Sunset Trolley Ride Special ( $3.50 per person )At 7:30 p.m., every Wednesday and Thursday evening in July and August, join us for a special sunset trolley ride with ice-cream included. Bring the whole family!Regular FaresAdmission includes unlimited trolley rides, access to the Museum Grounds and Exhibits, and use of our picnic areas to enjoy your own picnic lunch.65. From now on to Columbus Day, the museum is open _____.A. only on Sundays and SaturdaysB. on sunny daysC. every dayD. all of the above66. If a family of 4 persons — one senior, a couple and a 12-year-old boy— are taking a sunset trolley ride, how much is the total admission feeA. $18.B. $25.5.C. $33.D. $39.5.67. Which one of the following is NOT included in the admissionA. Unlimited sunset trolley ride.B. Access to the Museum Grounds.C. A visit to the Museum Exhibits.D. A use of the museum picnic areas.BLighter and cheaper than high-quality video cameras, today’s best smartphones can shoot and edit high-definition (HD) videos. With lower-quality lenses(透镜) and image sensors, smartphones probably won’t replace professional video cameras anytime soon. Still, some creativefilmmakers are extending the borders of smartphone moviemaking by shooting professional-quality films using only smartphones.Soon a fter Apple’s iPhone 4 was released, two filmmakers decided to make a short film using only their iPhone 4s. Michael Koerbel and Anna Elizabeth James shot and edited the one-and-a-half-minute film Apple of My Eye in only 48 hours. Audiences were fascinated with the film, in which a man and his grandfather connect emotionally while admiring a model train set in a store window. The filmmakers followed up their success with Goldilocks, an extraordinary spy novel told over nine, three-minute films.Many filmmakers are convinced that smartphone films are here to stay. One sign is their inclusion in major film festivals. In February 2012, organizers of the Berkshire International Film Festival staged the 10 X 10 On North Festival. Entries included Oliver by Hooman Khalili, an award-winning film about a girl whose special powers enable her to brighten the lives of three lonely people. Another entry was Yearlapse’11, a 365-second film by Zsolt Haraszti that describes an actual journey he made from New York to London.During the festival, which ran from February 16 to 26, these and many other smartphone films were shown at the Beacon Cinema in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Similar festivals in Canada and South Korea have given smartphone filmmakers opportunities to show off their creative work.68. What does the article imply about smartphone filmmakersA. Their efforts have gotten little attention.B. Their biggest challenge is finding actors.C. They’ve influenced famous movie studiosD. They must overcome equipment limitations.69. What does the article point out about Haraszti’s filmA. It uses slow-motion effects.B. It took just minutes to make.C. Its cast was quite large.D. It’s based on true events.70. Which film is about secret agentsA. Apple of My Eye.B. Goldilocks.C. OliveD. Yearlapse ’11.71. According to this article, what is true about the festivals in Canada and South KoreaA. They’re held at the same time of year.B. They’re part of an emerging trend.C. They both receive government support.D. They’re still in the planning stages.CDiscoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.72. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraphA. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.73. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovatorsA. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they possess.D. The variety of ideas they have.74.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are _____.A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB. diligent in pursuing their goalsC. concerned about the advance of societyD. devoted to the progress of science75.The most suitable title for this passage might be _____.A. The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC. What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD. Discoveries and InnovationA. Your weight depends on your genes.B. Say “no” to junk food—no exceptions.C. Carbs are good or bad for you.D. Skipping meals helps you lose more weight.E. It is difficult to lose weight.F. You can control where your body loses weight.Dieting is hard work, and there are plenty of “helpful” diet tricks that can make weight loss even harder! Here are some common myths about losing weight and the truth behind them.Carbohydrates are actually an important source of energy. There are good carbs and bad carbs. Refined and processed foods, like white bread or white rice, are examples of bad carbs. Good carbs include whole wheat bread and brown rice. They’re rich in fiber and really good for you!On the contrary, studies show that people who eat breakfast tend to eat fewer calories throughout the day. And if you know you’re going to be eating a big meal later, don’t starve yourself in order to “save your calories.” You’ll just eat more during the meal because you’re so hungry! Instead, eat smaller meals a couple days before and after, and exercise more.Bad news—if you want a flatter stomach, just exercising you r abs won’t work. You can’t target where you lose weight. Cardio exercises will help burn fat, while weight training helps build muscles. Your “trouble areas” might not be the first to slim down, but keep exercising!If you and your family have prob lems with obesity, you’re not destined to be fat. While a “fat gene” does exist, its influence on your size is actually pretty small. Smart eating and exercise have a much greater impactthan your genes. Only 25 percent of your weight is controlled by genes—the rest is up to you!Many people think that the key to losing weight is cutting out all bad foods. But the more restrictive your diet is, the more likely you are to break it—and in a big way. To lose weight and keep it off, eat great 80 percent of the time, but indulge in a treat or two the other 20 percent.That experiences influence future behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived througha process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids situation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting(output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer common support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)81. According to Para. 1, memory plays an important role in _____________________________.82. What does it seem that the author disagree to explain83. According to the last paragraph, how do we exactly make adjustments betweenmemory and forgetting84. 只有当战争在1945年结束后，她才同年迈的父母取得联系。

高一英语阅读理解试题（张）Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the languag e over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another la nguage.Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer thi s question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and m aths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books a re in English. Other people learn English because they want to read news papers or magazines in English.1. People learn English _______.A. at schoolB. over the radioC. on TVD.not all in the same way2.Different kinds of people want to learn English _______.A. together with other subjectsB. for different reasonsC. for their workD. for higher studies at colleges3. From this passage we know that _______.A. we can learn English easilyB. English is very difficult to learnC. English is learned by most people in the worldD. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn4. Which of the following is right?A.We don?t need to learn any foreign languages.B. We can do well in all our work without English.C. English is the most important subject in schools.D. We should learn English because we need to face the world.2、教育类(2)Japanese students work very bard but many are unhappy. They feelh eavy pressuresfrom their parents. Most students are always told by their p arents to study harder and better so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be a good idea for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose hope. Such students felt that they are hated by everyone else they meet and theydon?t want to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they ar e not able to help their children and that it is theteachers?work to help th eir children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents serif their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends— they only hel p the students to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the stud ents? hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psycholog ists now think that such strict rules are harmful to the feelings of the stude nts. Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love an d care for others, even for their parents.1.“Dropouts are” those who _______.A. make troubles in and out of schoolsB. go about or stay home instead of being at schoolC. try hard but always fails in the examsD. lose hope and give up some of their subjects2.According to the passage, it?s necessary to teach students ____.A. how to study wellB. how to get on with othersC. to show love and care for othersD. All above3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.The Trouble in Japanese SchoolsB. The Problems of Japanese StudentsC. Education in JapanD. The Pressures on the Students in Japan3、（教育类）(3)If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important things to re member about reading rate:●Knowing why you are reading or what you are reading to find out willoften help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.●Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important i deas.●Some things should be read rapidly throughout. Examples are simple st ories meant for enjoyment, news letters from friends, pieces of news from local, or home-town, papers, telling what is happening to friends and nei ghbors.●In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain pages rapi dly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to i mportant ideas which must be remembered.1.The underlined word "rate" in the first sentence means _______.A. fastB. slowC. speedD. skill2.Which should be read slowly according to the passage?A. Stories for enjoymentB. Arithmetic problemsC. Letters from friendsD. News from hometown newspapers3. How fast should we read?A. The faster, the better.B. The more slowly, the better.C. Neither too fast nor too slow.D. It depends on what we are reading.4. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?A. Read slowly when you are reading something important to you.B. Rea d fast when you are reading something unimportant to you.C. Read the m aterials that you are interested in slowly.D. Read the materials that you are interested in fast.4、（教育类） (4)One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of — a warm b ottle, songs etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he justcouldn?t do it. Sin ce I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surp rised that the moment I turned on the TV the baby became quiet right awa y and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an o pportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch t he boring TV programs.I heard no more of thebaby?s crying that night and the next morningwhe n I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor(暗喻 ) in my baby?s behavior(行为) for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools with my students. I find that our studentsdon?t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion:“Lethem watch it! ”Iftelevisio n is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we figh t against it? Let them watch what they want！1. Why did the father bring a TV set into his son?s room?A.To enjoy some interesting programs together with his son.B.To help himself pass the long hours ahead of him.C.To help his son fall asleep sooner.D.To keep his son from making noises.2. The baby seemed to be ______ at the sight of the TV set.A. excitedB. surprisedC. boredD. pleased3.This experience with his baby helped the father ______.A to know his baby betterB. to know better how to educate his studentsC. to change his opinions towards TVD. to know better about the new generationHabiba keeps a record of new words and expressions in English. He usual ly writes them in a notebook. Then, one day, she asks her teacher about th em. “MrsThomas, these expressions are new to me— She is blue today. What?s the matter? You are yellow. A little white lie. After looking at the notebook, Mrs Thomas says,“Ineveryday English, Habiba, blue sometim es means sad. Yellow means afraid. A person with a green thumb grows pl ants successfully and a white lie is not a badlie. “I”don?t understand. Please give me anexample. ”“Forexample, I offer you some cake. The truth is, you don?t like my cake. You don?t say that. Instead, you say,,No, tha nks. I?m not hungry.?That?s a white lie. “I”see. Thanks for the explanati on. ”1. I don?t have a green thumb. All my plants _______.A. are greenB. have diedC. are yellowD. are growing well2.“Youare yellow to fight”means _______.A.you dare not fight B. you are happy to fight C.you are in a hurry D. you are able to fight3.If you say “It?sa white lie. it”means that someone _______.A. is telling a lieB. is telling the truthC. doesn?t want to tell the truth in a polite wayD. is unfriendly4. “Theweather is bad, and _______.”A. I?m yellow todayB. I?m blue todayC. I?m greenD. I?m white today（教育） (1)【答案与剖析】篇文章研究了学英潮的象和生种象的原因。

高一英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解“Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely even glancing at the magnificent sce ne in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning? A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits. B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures.D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily.B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects.D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”.A. the cameraB. technologyC. the eventD. an object（4）What is the article mainly about?A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence.B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly.D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。

上海市重点中学2013年高一第二学期期末考试卷出卷人：审卷人：友情提示：请考生严格按照题号填涂答题卡，切勿错位！考生卡号9位数字：20123+班级+学号。

I. Listening Comprehension (17%)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 20 pounds. B. 60 pounds. C. 30 pounds. D. 40 pounds.2. A. At 7:10. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:50. D. At 7:30.3. A. In a hospital. B. In a restaurant. C. At a bank. D. At a cinema.4. A. Barbara and the speaker. B. The student himself.C. Barbara.D. The teacher.5. A. Help him to find his luggage. B. Go with him.C. Take care of his luggage.D. Tell him the time.6. A. The woman shows the disappointment at what the man will do.B. The woman would like to join them.C. The woman suggests the man should reconsider his plan.D. The woman tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry.7. A. She thinks the man should be preparing for his final exams.B. She is not interested in Disneyland.C. She thinks the man needs a holiday.D. She thinks the man should forget his final party.8. A. Dangerous. B. Brave. C. Rude. D. Modest.9. A. The rain is not expected to last much longer.B. The next few days are supposed to be sunny and warm.C. Clouds and cold weather are expected.D. It will be much better than it already is.10. A. She likes what he prepares for her.B. He gives her an extra bedroom.C. He offers to take her home as soon as possible.D. She is very pleased with her stay at his home.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage, and you will be asked three questions on the passages. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Reasonable. B. A little bit high. C. Hard to afford. D. Quite low.12. A. Banks. B. Friends. C. Parents. D. Schools.13. A. Medical schools reduce the tuition.B. Medical schools receive money from the government.C. Medical schools borrow money from banks.D. Medical students study for a shorter time.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear one longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 14 through 17 are based on the following conversation. (14至17题的答案请填写在答题纸的相应处)II. Grammar (16%)Gap Fillings (18至33题的答案请填写在答题纸的相应处)Directions:Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the brackets. For those blanks without given words, you are required to write down a pronoun (代词), a preposition (介词), a coordinating conjunction (连词) or a subordinating conjunction(从句引导词).(A)He was the madman who kicked a soccer shoe across a room and hit superstar David Beckham right in the face, but he’s also the caring boss who supported and defended his players in times of trouble. He’s a scary leader who is known for yelling (咆哮), but he’s also a master of patiently dealing with young players. (18) Manchester United’s manager for more than a quarter of a century, Sir Alex Ferguson had a career varied enough to lend itself to any opinion. ……Perhaps David Beckham is the most famous one. (19) the former England captain still called Ferguson a “father figure”, it was a locker room (更衣室) fight (20) the two of them (21)that caused Beckham’s trade to Real Madrid. After a 2-0 home defeat at the hands of rivals (对手) Arsenal in the 2003 FA Cup, Ferguson yelled and threw a shoe at Beckham’s head.“The fascination (魅力) with Ferguson was with his crude (天然的) ability (22) (meet) a target,” commented Jenkins. “He had a simple objective: to find players who could score goals. His keys to such success are common to all endeavors: hard work, decisiveness and a readiness to learn from mistakes.(B)a first class ticket on my flight. In fact, I had the best seat on the entire plane: seat 1A. Beforesuddenly heard my conscience speak to me: “Let her have your ticket.” I fought this for a while but eventually gave in.“Excuse me,” I said to the young lady, “but you look like you could use this first cla ss ticket more than me. I know how hard it can be flying with kids. Why don’t we trade?”“Are you sure?” she asked.“Oh, yeah. I really don’t mind,” I saidI felt like a million bucks (美元). As we boarded the plane, I was surprised at how good it made me feel to watch her sit down in seat 1A. At one point during the flight I was so curious to see how she was doing that I walked to the first class section (区域) and peeked in (偷看)(25) the curtain. There she was, asleep with her baby in their big and comfortable seat 1A.(C)HE is the beloved Cousin Matthew, the Crawley family heir (继承人) in Downton Abbey, (26) is now being aired on CCTV. With his good manners, dreamy eyes and charming accent, he is a natural aristocrat (贵族).Despite his upper class style on the show, 30-year-old Dan Stevens spent most of his teen years rebelling (叛逆) against the upper class.(27) (adopt) at birth by two teachers, he got into trouble at school often. “I was never very happy at school. I didn’t get on with the other kids. I didn’t fit in,” the British actor told the Daily Mail.However, Stevens’ youth was marked by both bad behavior and good performances on exams.At the age of 13, he won a scholarship to the Tonbridge School, a well-known boarding school (寄宿学校) in the UK, (28) a lot of the students come from rich families. In his first year there, he tried out for the lead role in a production (演出) of Shakespeare’s Macbeth. The other students who tried out were mostly 17- and 18-year-olds, but he was chosen (29) his talent.(D)Some South Korean media have said that it may have been (30) purpose, showing his political preferences (偏向) – respect for the opposition (反对党) leader Kim but disrespect for the ruling party leaders Lee and Park.“Gates is a casual man(31) not bound (束缚) by customs so he shakes hands in this manner even when (32) (meet) heads of international organizations or top political figures (人物),” Dong-A Ilbo quoted (援引) an unnamed friend of Gates’ in Seo ul as saying.How customs vary around the worldIt is not only in South Korea that greetings can offend (冒犯) others. A handshake can also be a faux pas (失礼) in France if a kiss on the cheek (33) (be) more appropriate (恰当的).In Japan, it is impolite not to bow lower than the other person when greeting.In the UK and the US, the “okay” sign is a positive gesture but in Greece and Turkey it is seen as very vulgar (粗俗的).III. Nine out of Ten (9%)Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.（以下题目从答题卡41题起填涂，number _41_ to the city’s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue t hat it’s not the number of cars on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedalfor the brake (刹车)pedal.There are new regulations _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get a driver’s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai’s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers’ attitudes. There seems to be a lack o f concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai’s streets can become truly safe.IV. Cloze (15%)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Reading involves looking at illustrative symbols and expressing mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 50 over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 51 the reading process. Although experts agree that reading 52 a complex organization of higher mental 53 , they disagree about the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 54 reading as simply the decoding（解码）of symbols into the sounds they stand for.These authorities 55 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplainably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 56 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 57 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 58 reads.Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 59 . By some experts they would not be 60 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most 61 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 62 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 63 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. 64 , reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.50. A. specifically B. dramatically C. abstractly D. ridiculously51. A. understanding B. translating C. defining D. substituting52. A. involves B. concentrates C. specializes D. analyzes53. A. opinions B. effects C. manners D. functions54. A. view B. look C. reassure D. agree55. A. support B. argue C. attempt D. compete56. A. interpreting B. saying C. reciting D. reading57. A. in addition to B. for example C. according to D. such as58. A. completely B. carefully C. publically D. actually59. A. part B. whole C. standard D. straight60. A. applied B. granted C. classified D. graded61. A. instructive B. doubtful C. certain D. complicated62. A. strike B. illustrate C. define D. unlock63. A. purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps64. A. On the other hand B. In short C. By the way D. So farV. Reading Comprehension (31%)Section A (19%)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.A (每题1分)We Are Now Open Daily thru Columbus DayThe museum and store are open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.throughout the season. Trolley rides start with the first departure at 10:05 a.m. and continue until the end of the day with the last rideIce Cream & Sunset Trolley Ride Special ( $3.50 per person )At 7:30 p.m., every Wednesday and Thursday evening in July and August, join us for a special sunset trolley ride with ice-cream included. Bring the whole family!Admission includes unlimited trolley rides, access to the Museum Grounds and Exhibits, and use of our picnic areas to enjoy your own picnic lunch.65. From now on to Columbus Day, the museum is open _____.A. only on Sundays and SaturdaysB. on sunny daysC. every dayD. all of the above66. If a family of 4 persons — one senior, a couple and a 12-year-old boy — are taking a sunsettrolley ride, how much is the total admission fee?A. $18.B. $25.5.C. $33.D. $39.5.67. Which one of the following is NOT included in the admission?A. Unlimited sunset trolley ride.B. Access to the Museum Grounds.C. A visit to the Museum Exhibits.D. A use of the museum picnic areas.B (每题2分)Lighter and cheaper than high-quality video cameras, today’s best smartphones can shoot and edit high-definition (HD) videos. With lower-quality lenses(透镜) and image sensors, smartphones probably won’t replace professional video cameras anytime soon. Still, some creative filmmakers are extending the borders of smartphone moviemaking by shooting professional-quality films using only smartphones.Soon after Apple’s iPhone 4 was released, two filmmakers decided to make a short film using only their iPhone 4s. Michael Koerbel and Anna Elizabeth James shot and edited the one-and-a-half-minute film Apple of My Eye in only 48 hours. Audiences were fascinated with the film, in which a man and his grandfather connect emotionally while admiring a model train set in a store window. The filmmakers followed up their success with Goldilocks, an extraordinary spy novel told over nine, three-minute films.Many filmmakers are convinced that smartphone films are here to stay. One sign is their inclusion in major film festivals. In February 2012, organizers of the Berkshire International Film Festival staged the 10 X 10 On North Festival. Entries included Oliver by Hooman Khalili, an award-winning film about a girl whose special powers enable her to brighten the lives of three lonely people. Another entry was Yearlapse’11, a 365-second film by Zsolt Haraszti that describes an actual journey he made from New York to London.During the festival, which ran from February 16 to 26, these and many other smartphone films were shown at the Beacon Cinema in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Similar festivals in Canada and South Korea have given smartphone filmmakers opportunities to show off their creative work.68. What does the article imply about smartphone filmmakers?A. Their efforts have gotten little attention.B. Their biggest challenge is finding actors.C. They’ve influenced famous movie studiosD. They must overcome equipment limitations.69. What does the article point out about Haraszti’s film?A. It uses slow-motion effects.B. It took just minutes to make.C. Its cast was quite large.D. It’s based on true events.70. Which film is about secret agents?A. Apple of My Eye.B. Goldilocks.C. OliveD. Yearl apse ’11.71. According to this article, what is true about the festivals in Canada and South Korea?A. They’re held at the same time of year.B. They’re part of an emerging trend.C. They both receive government support.D. They’re still in th e planning stages.C (每题2分)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinarypeople see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.72. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.73. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators?A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they possess.D. The variety of ideas they have.74.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highlycreative individuals are _____.A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB. diligent in pursuing their goalsC. concerned about the advance of societyD. devoted to the progress of science75.The most suitable title for this passage might be _____.A. The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC. What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD. Discoveries and InnovationSection B(6%)Directions:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Your weight depends on your genes.B. Say “no” to junk food—no exceptions.C. Carbs are good or bad for you.D. Skipping meals helps you lose more weight.E. It is difficult to lose weight.F. You can control where your body loses weight.Dieting is hard work, and there are plenty of “helpful” diet tricks that can make weight loss even harder! Here are some common myths about losing weight and the truth behind them.76.Refined and processed foods, like white bread or white rice, are examples of bad carbs. Good77.people who eat breakfast tend to eat fewer calories throughout the day. And if you know you’re going to be eating a big meal later, don’t starve yourself in order to “save your calories.” You’ll just eat more during the meal because you’re so78.Bad news—if you want a flatter stomach, just exercising your abs won’t work. You can’t target where you lose weight. Cardio exercises will help burn fat, while weight training helpskeep exercising!79.gene” does exist, its influence on your size is actually pretty small. Smart eating and exercise have a much greater impact than your genes. Only 25 percent of your weight is controlled by80.Many people think that the key to losing weight is cutting out all bad foods. But the more restrictive your diet is, the more likely you are to break it—and in a big way. To lose weight and keep it off, eat great 80 percent of the time, but indulge in a treat or two the other 20 percent.Section C(6%)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.That experiences influence future behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids situation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting(output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer common support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)81. According to Para. 1, memory plays an important role in _____________________________.82. What does it seem that the author disagree to explain?83. According to the last paragraph, how do we exactly make adjustments between memory andforgetting?VI. Translation (12%)(以下翻译的答案请填写在答题纸的相应处)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.84. 只有当战争在1945年结束后，她才同年迈的父母取得联系。

2021学年第二学期上海师大二附中期中考试高一英语试卷（满分：150分；答题时间：120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport. B. At a hotel.C. At a department store.D. At a train station2. A. He doesn’t want to write the essay.B. He need to graduate first.C. He will work with the woman.D. He doesn’t have free time.3. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Parent and child.D. Friends.4. A. Looking for a job. B. Writing a resume.C. Revising an application letter.D. Having an interview.5. A. There is no need to help the woman.B. He is angry with the woman.C. The woman is lazy.D. He will clean the table later.6. A. He is sick of driving.B. The woman should move to a new place.C. He walks to office now.D. He dislikes riding bikes.7. A. Ordinary. B. Excellent. C. Unskillful. D. Thoughtful8. A. Take fitness classes. B. Join a club.C. Find her needs.D. Buy a pair of gym shoes.9. A. Watch a concert. B. Look for Mary.C. Apply for a part-time job.D. Stay at home.10. A. The man’s parents like the plan.B. The plan is over budget.C. The woman doesn’t like the man’s parents.D. They will make a new plan.Section B （20分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because they didn’t have time.B. Because they didn’t have money.C. Because the author’s mother died.D. Because the author’s father died.12. A. A Chinese restaurant. B. A fisherman’s market.C. An old prison.D. Chinese shops13. A. A fan. B. A pizza. C. Bread. D. Chinese noodles.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The public. B. Some artists. C. Some writers. D. Rich people.15. A. He makes long films. B. All of his art is large.C. His art has regular shapes.D. No one can afford his art.16. A. Exciting. B. Angry. C. Nothing. D. Emotional.17. A. Express beauty. B. Show reality.C. Inspire people’s feeling.D. Impress peopleQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. Because he has a stomachache.B. Because he had an accident.C. Because he cannot eat well.D. Because he needs to do a health checkup.19. A. Lying in bed. B. Taking medicine.C. Worrying.D. Checking his body.20. A. A proper check. B. Some medicine.C. A surgery.D. A rest.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Playing video games casually can be a great way to have fun. However, if you are so focused ____1____ gaining that it feels like it’s taking over your life, you may have a video addiction. It’s no joke. WHO in 2018 officially classified it as a mental health condition, ____2____ (call) as “gaming disorder”. Fortunately, there are things you can do to get it ____3____ (control). First of all, give yourself a time limit for daily play. Don’t give it up if you end up ____4____ (play) longer than you meant to — it’s totally normal! Try to learn from ____5____ happened and think of a way ____6____ (avoid) it next time. ____7____ this still doesn’t work, ask friends and family to help you. Have them ____8____ (check) with you to make sure you are not playing. In addition, keeping gaming devices inaccessible. If there is a mobile phone or an iPad in your room, you may ____9____ (attract) to stay up playing. Make sure your room a screen-free place _____10_____ you can stay away from late-night gaming.【答案】1. on 2. called3. controlled4. playing5. what6. to avoid7. If 8. check9. be attracted10. where【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

C. The man should buy himself a new suit.
D. The man’s jeans and T shirts are stylish.
4. A. Its price. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its facilities.
C. Customers competing for good bargains.
D. Customers losing all sense of time.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They appear upset. B. They lose consciousness.
5. A. The woman is too particular about food.
B. He would rather have a meal an hour later.
C. The woman should order her food quickly.
D. He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.
C. How he makes his living. D. How he does his job.
18. A. They write the first version of news stories.
B. They gather news stories on the spot.
C. They polish incoming news stories.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

话题：名人Passage 1It gives me great pleasure today to say a few words in praise of a man we will all miss very much. To be honest, I can’t imagine we will do without him when he’s gone.Bill Masters almost single–handed built up our sales force in the Houston area and developed the market position that we enjoy today. In only six years, he has brought the firm from a very low fifth position in the area sales to the point where we now outsell all but one of our competitors. Not only have we got 37 per cent of the market under Bill’s leadership; we are increasing our share with each passing month.As you know, the company has moved Bill to northern California to work his sales magic in one of this company’s most competitive(竞争的) areas. But we know that if anyone can do it, Bill Masters can, and I know you all join me in wishing him the best of luck in his new work.1. The speech was made _______.A. at a welcome meetingB. at the opening of a new school termC. when somebody was leavingD. when they had a new manager2. How long did Masters worked there?A.37 yearsB. less than 5 yearsC. about six yearsD. since he began to work3. When Bill started to work in Houston area, he had _______to help him.A. many peopleB. nobodyC. about 37 peopleD. very few people4. Bill increased the company’s sale _______.A. by 37 per cent every monthB. to the second largest in the areaC. to be the fifth largest in the areaD. five times as much as before(1—4 CCDB)【答案与解析】本文记述了Bill一生的事业业绩，表达了作者对Bill的怀念之情。

高一英语阅读理解附答案（7篇）一、完型填空1．It was an extraordinarily busy time of year. I felt some 1 to head straight home after a long meeting. So I headed to the park nearby for some therapeutic (治疗性的) hiking. As I reached the top and admired the view, my unclear mind 2 . Re-energized, I knew that I could deal with the work that waited for me upon my 3 . When I arrived back in the office the next day, I was full of energy, and finished my work 4 .It was almost 20 years ago that I learned how 5 it is for me to carve out time to escape to the wild. I had finished my Ph. D．, studying soil and water conservation in Honduras, but I wasn’t sure what 6 I wanted to have. So, I decided to act on a dream I had been nursing for a few years, 7 my mom showed me a magazine article about a man who had 8 around America. I figured that I could 9 cycling with research for a book on American agriculture while I worked out my next career step.So I did it. During the cycling 10 , I found the clearness I needed to 11 my next career move. Talking with farmers I met along the way, I learned that their biggest challenge was selling their produce. I decided to broaden my 12 from land management to improving farmers’ access to markets. My 13 interest led to working for a nongovernmental organization and I did eventually borrow a book on American agriculture.The 14 is to find your source of inspiration and make good use of it. For me, I always get nourishment (营养) from being 15 in the outdoors.1．A．pressure B．danger C．shame D．embarrassment 2．A．calmed B．wandered C．developed D．appeared 3．A．reply B．return C．relaxation D．recovery 4．A．successfully B．casually C．anxiously D．constantly 5．A．strange B．important C．difficult D．interesting 6．A．tour B．book C．career D．major 7．A．unless B．if C．though D．since8．A．run B．cycled C．driven D．flown 9．A．combine B．compare C．replace D．practice 10．A．competition B．history C．performance D．trip 11．A．insist on B．put down C．figure out D．learn from 12．A．experience B．focus C．discussion D．search 13．A．deep B．particular C．personal D．new 14．A．reason B．problem C．result D．key 15．A．active B．alone C．confident D．brave【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．A5．B6．C7．D8．B9．A10．D11．C12．B13．D14．D15．A2．I have always been hard-working in school. And I enjoyed gaining new understanding about study. One way was making 1 .2 has always been my favorite subject. During each math class, while3 , I waited for my golden opportunities to show myself, which were4 .When they came, I would5 my hand. Answering them6 made me feel I was recognized by my classmates and teacher. The only problem was that I wanted to be7 －to be right every time.As it turned out, living up to this standard was 8 .In one class, I stood up confidently but gave a 9 answer. Even though I knew this was certainly not my first mistake in life, something 10 had come at that moment. I thought that my classmates might think I was 11 . The beautiful castle that I had built up 12 after my mistake.In the following classes, I was in low spirits and became 13 .Even if I may have known the answer, I was 14 to take the risk of damaging my self-confidence any more.Noticing my 15 , my math teacher talked with me and learned my problem. She told me that mistakes are an important part of learning 16 they can point out our weaknesses and help us 17 .I should set up the principle of 18 mistakes.From that experience, I realized that even though I thought I was right about most things, I was wrong in my 19 .School is not a place to 20 but a place to learn. What I now know is that by holding fast to humility (谦虚) and learning to grow from my mistakes, I can truly learn in a way I could never in the past.1．A．mistakes B．rules C．friends D．promises 2．A．English B．Math C．Chinese D．Physics 3．A．teaching B．writing C．reviewing D．listening 4．A．reports B．questions C．tasks D．challenges 5．A．touch B．shake C．raise D．wave6．A．briefly B．finally C．carefully D．correctly 7．A．perfect B．creative C．smart D．popular 8．A．natural B．impossible C．unnecessary D．informal 9．A．wrong B．short C．quick D．right 10．A．important B．terrible C．different D．interesting 11．A．stupid B．funny C．clever D．strange 12．A．broke in B．turned up C．set off D．fell down 13．A．sad B．silent C．sensitive D．optimistic 14．A．easy B．happy C．unwilling D．determined 15．A．awkwardness B．embarrassment C．loneliness D．abnormality 16．A．if B．so C．as D．before 17．A．recover B．think C．progress D．compete 18．A．accepting B．making C．realizing D．repeating 19．A．schedule B．concern C．hobby D．attitude 20．A．get along B．show off C．play D．choose【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．B5．C6．D7．A8．B9．A10．C11．A12．D13．B14．C15．D16．C17．C18．A19．D20．B3．Our neighbor's son was getting married in 1971 at an out-of-town church, and my husband and I were invited. We immediately rushed out to a 1 , and I bought a nice pink dress with a jacket. The dress was a little 2 , but I had a month before the June 30 3 , and I would lose a few pounds.June 29 came and, of course, I hadn't lost a single pound; in fact, I had 4 two. But I 5 a nice new girdle (紧身衣) would cure everything. So on our way out of the city, we 6 once again at the store, I ran in and told the clerk 1 needed a 7 large party girdle.The clerk found the box with the 8 girdle, marked “LG”, and asked if I would like to try it on. “Oh, no, a large will f it just right. I 9 try it on.”The next morning was one of those ninety-degree days, so I 10 to get dressed until about 45 minutes before time to go. I popped open the box only to 11 a new, $ 49.95 girdle in a small size. Since it was too late to find another one and the dress wouldn't 12 right without a girdle, a fight 13 in the hotel room between me and the girdle. Have you ever tried to 14 20 pounds of potatoes into a five-pound bag? Finally, my husband, 15 like crazy, got hold of each side and shook me down -into it. At once I put on the dress, which didn't 16 very well with my purple face, and I was ready to go.Finally we got to the 17 . I heard one of the people say that they were having a High Mass (大弥撒). I turned to my husband and asked, “What is a High Mass?” He shrugged his 18 .19 , I learned that this particular mass would last one hour, twenty-two minutes and eight-and one-half seconds-the priest(神父) blessed 20 except my girdle.1．A．hotel B．store C．church D．office 2．A．long B．tight C．small D．perfect 3．A．marriage B．holiday C．wedding D．date4．A．won B．received C．gained D．lost 5．A．thought B．suggested C．demanded D．figured 6．A．went B．arrived C．stopped D．entered 7．A．size B．length C．width D．depth 8．A．described B．bought C．sold D．said9．A．can't B．needn't C．shouldn't D．mustn't 10．A．wanted B．expected C．tried D．waited 11．A．find B．notice C．search D．look 12．A．work B．use C．fit D．wear 13．A．broke down B．broke out C．broke up D．broke away 14．A．put B．lay C．push D．shake 15．A．laughing B．crying C．shouting D．smiling 16．A．do B．go C．work D．look 17．A．town B．store C．church D．hotel 18．A．shoulders B．arms C．head D．hands 19．A．Happily B．Generally C．Luckily D．Unfortunately 20．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．C5．A6．C7．A8．A9．B10．D11．A12．C13．B14．D15．A16．B17．C18．A19．D20．D4．As human beings, we are alike in many ways. Yet 1 our similarities, no two people are exactly the same. Even identical twins 2 different life experiences. Just because of these 3 , the "one size fits all" solution will not be the most 4 answer to our problems.One of my life 5 is to find what works for me best, and forget the rest. Just that something works well for someone else, doesn't 6 mean that it will work well for me too. I have found that I am successful when I 7 any new method or strategy I learned to deal with my 8 situation.A perfect example of why it's best to find what works for you is when it 9 to trying to pick a diet and an exercise plan. There are 10 diet plans and exercise programs out there to11 from, and it can be quite overwhelming(令人不知所措的). When choosing a 12 plan you have to consider food allergies, how portable the food is if you are away from home most of the time, and many other 13 . When choosing an exercise program you have to consider your starting level of fitness, and health issues that might adapt your ability to do the program, and 14 you actually enjoy the exercise enough to 15 with it. Many people like jogging, but it is probably my least 16 form of exercise. By finding more suitable and enjoyable alternatives（供替代的选择）that give me the same 17 or better, it is easier to stick with my exercise program.You 18 yourself better than anyone, so don't be 19 to experiment with different solutions to whatever you are trying to achieve. Don't 20 use something because it is "the best", or because it works well for someone else. Find what works best for you, and forget the rest. 1．A．beyond B．above C．despite D．through 2．A．come up with B．put up with C．go on with D．end up with 3．A．differences B．similarities C．experiences D．characters 4．A．technical B．practical C．physical D．medical 5．A．solutions B．experiences C．emotions D．principles 6．A．unfortunately B．eventually C．necessarily D．immediately 7．A．refuse B．use C．examine D．discover 8．A．personal B．natural C．musical D．political 9．A．adds B．comes C．leads D．contributes 10．A．various B．unique C．boring D．colorful 11．A．take B．obtain C．choose D．learn 12．A．study B．diet C．exercise D．travel 13．A．factors B．journals C．branches D．programs 14．A．what B．which C．whether D．that 15．A．chat B．communicate C．agree D．stick 16．A．difficult B．harmful C．favorite D．expensive 17．A．grades B．results C．marks D．signs 18．A．observe B．express C．teach D．know 19．A．grateful B．pleased C．energetic D．afraid 20．A．just B．still C．yet D．already【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．B5．D6．C7．B8．A9．B10．A11．C12．B13．A14．C15．D16．C17．B18．D19．D20．A5．Lu Yiwei, a 19-year-old from Shanghai, proved his floristry(花艺)skills by winning the gold medal at the 45th WorldSkills Competition in Kazan, Russia, last month."It is commonly believed that floristry is a job 1 for girls," he said. "But actually, it's not an easy one because it requires heavy work, such as moving wood and large, heavy flowerpots – things that are 2 when creating works – which requires 3 ."Lu was 4 by a vocational school (职业学校) in 2017, a year after he graduated from junior high school at age 16. "The first thing I learned was design. Then my teacher told me that maybe I should study floristry because he felt I was 5 in that area," he said with a laugh. Lu said he was not 6 about the suggestion then. "Actually, I knew 7 about floristry. All I knew at the time was that some students in our school had won the 44th WorldSkills Competition in Abu Dhabi in 2017."Lu said he was in a poor condition when he 8 the competition. "Almost two weeks before I had the final training in July, I was 9 of ideas, which was terrible for a competitor whose project needed new ideas. I got used to my new identity later, thanks to my 10 who guided me with their patience and scientific training courses."His trip to Kazan was 11 , but he enjoys the memory. He said he had 12 during the competition because he was getting more and more nervous as the competition 13 . "We were given all our tasks about 15 minutes before the competition started. It was really hard because we had to 14 ideas for all in such a short time," he said."I didn't 15 during the World-Skills trials(预赛), as there were so many experienced and excellent competitors," he said. "But I was always 16 . I think my positive 17 brought me opportunities and the final honor.""Many of my classmates were pleased after winning medals at the competition, but they lost their 18 . I won the gold medal at the age of 19, but I know that it's not my final 19 . I want to develop more new 20 ." Since returning from Russia, he has started a new life at his school, again studying design.1．A．helpful B．fit C．interesting D．good 2．A．used B．found C．bought D．stored 3．A．skills B．ideas C．strength D．knowledge 4．A．honored B．accepted C．invited D．praised 5．A．experienced B．weak C．gifted D．successful 6．A．surprised B．anxious C．disappointed D．sure7．A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 8．A．gave up B．prepared for C．took part in D．talked about 9．A．full B．short C．afraid D．certain 10．A．classmates B．coaches C．parents D．friends 11．A．long B．boring C．difficult D．dangerous 12．A．fear B．joy C．excitement D．surprise 13．A．started B．ended C．continued D．settled 14．A．set down B．care about C．come up with D．make use of 15．A．calm down B．give in C．turn up D．stand out 16．A．hopeful B．grateful C．careful D．helpful 17．A．advice B．experience C．answer D．attitude 18．A．way B．balance C．hope D．game 19．A．design B．goal C．decision D．choice 20．A．ideas B．materials C．abilities D．habits【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．B5．C6．D7．A8．B9．B10．B11．C12．A13．C14．C15．D16．A17．D18．A19．B20．C6．I made up my mind to drive to South Carolina to meet my friends in my used car. Though I hadonly been there once 1 and did not know the 2 very well. I was on the 3 after I had made some enquiries.At Ashvelle, there was a crossroad where I could go on along the main road or I could take a short cut(小道，近路). The short cut was to 4 several hills and was dangerous, I hesitated (犹豫)for a little while and then chose the main road, for I wanted to be 5Something strange happened 6 I drove a long way and found it was not the correct road that I wanted to 7 , but the hilly road I decided to avoid. I realized that it was at the 8 that I had made the 9 mistake. “What shall I do?” I asked myself. If I went back to take that road again, it would be very late by the time I got to Columbia. Thinking it 10 , I decided to go on. “If 11 people can go along this road, why can’t I?” I 12 myself.The short cut, to my surprise, was not that 13 In fact, it was only a very peaceful country road, 14 up and down two low 15 .There was 16 traffic. On both sides of the road, you could see trees, wild flowers, and 17 with cows and horses. My fear was 18 with the wind. Listening to the beautiful country music over my car stereo (立体声), I drove on and 19 the scenery which was so quiet and so natural. Even my used car forgot to give me 20 It was justin this light heartedness that I arrived at my destination. My friends, after they heard what had happened to me, all said it sounded like an adventure.1．A．ago B．before C．already D．still2．A．town B．country C．way D．friends 3．A．highway B．car C．train D．phone 4．A．have B．go C．ride D．cross5．A．safe B．dangerous C．fast D．slow6．A．after B．before C．if D．since7．A．come B．leave C．take D．drive 8．A．station B．corner C．crossroad D．beginning 9．A．road B．direction C．disappointed D．interesting 10．A．about B．over C．of D．up 11．A．another B．other C．the other D．others 12．A．asked B．forced C．encouraged D．told13．A．far B．safe C．dirty D．dangerous 14．A．going B．coming C．driving D．walking 15．A．lands B．cars C．farms D．hills 16．A．heavy B．little C．few D．much 17．A．farms B．trucks C．houses D．villages 18．A．gone B．together C．covered D．coming 19．A．looked B．liked C．enjoyed D．found 20．A．happiness B．scenery C．joys D．problems【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D5．A6．A7．C8．C9．B10．B11．B12．C13．D14．A15．D16．B17．A18．A19．C20．D7．In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20 years ago.The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. After 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on sayin g, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”Twenty years later，the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknown world invisible to the 11 ， which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen－year－old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world.And she 15 that her first－hand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 19 ，” the woman says, “a nd I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course that afternoon, and I haven't gone near science since.”1．A．art B．history C．science D．math 2．A．searched for B．looked at C．got through D．marched into 3．A．count B．guess C．report D．watch 4．A．warning B．giving C．turning away D．listening to5．A．ready B．possible C．correct D．difficult 6．A．learned B．prepared C．taught D．taken 7．A．lose B．trust C．sharpen D．show 8．A．lecturer B．scientist C．speaker D．woman 9．A．described B．respected C．saw D．served 10．A．voyage B．movement C．change D．rush 11．A．professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light 12．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods 13．A．hear B．make C．present D．refuse 14．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting 15．A．believed B．doubted C．proved D．explained 16．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth 17．A．firm B．interesting C．wrong D．acceptable 18．A．task B．tool C．success D．connection 19．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave 20．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．D5．C6．A7．B8．D9．C10．A11．B12．D13．A14．B15．A16．D17．C18．B19．C20．A。

上海市名校2022学年高一下学期开学考英语试卷I. GrammarA ban on distracted walkingYou can’t walk down the street without passing so-called “smartphone zombies (僵尸).” They are too absorbed in their screen (1) _________ (watch) where they are going. Almost four in ten people admit having suffered a technology-related small accident (2) _________ they pay more attention to their electronic device than to the pavement.Now the city of Honolulu, Hawaii, has decided it’s time to take immediate action and make it illegal to cross the road while using a mobile phone. Those (3) ________ (catch) using phones, tablets or other electronic devices at crossing points could face a fine of up to $100.Honolulu is the first major U.S. city to ban (4) __________ is called “distracted walking.” It comes after a study found there (5)___________(be) more than 11,000 injuries in the United States resulting from phone-related distraction while walking in the past few years.To explain the decision, mayor Kirk Caldwell said, “We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city (6) ___________more pedestrians are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country.”Under the fine systems, (7) _________ breaks this law for the first time will get a fine of $15 to $35. People breaking the law for a second or third time will get a $99 fine.The law, which is called the Distracted Walking Law, does permit an exception. Pedestrians (8) ___________ use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers.If you still want to text while walking, you could avoid (9) _________ (fine) in Honolulu by using a voice-controlled digital assistant such as Siri or Google Assistant. Or you could just wait (10) __________ you are again, safely, off the street.II. VocabularyA. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. natureI. miraculously J. superior K. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as __1__ as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide __2__ resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning __3__ is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost __4__ clean. By observing nature, scientists are __5__ the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been __6__. Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special __7__ on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been __8__ to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers.Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic __9__ will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger __10__ on our lives.III.ClozeGM(转基因)crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __1__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __2__, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __3__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __4__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __5__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __6__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without __7__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __8__ the Earth. They __9__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen(花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __10__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens(过敏源). This seems __11__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __12__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __13__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __14__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __15__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.1. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful2. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast3. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect4. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery5. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle6. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious7. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts8. A. turn up B. make up C.give up D. take up9. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand10. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficient D. enjoyable11. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely12. A. suffer B. arise C. start D. range13. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. drought D. future14. A. cause B. reduce C. stand D. change15. A. efficient B.expensive C. unfit D. possibleI. Reading Comprehension(A)The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a disobedient start, and received one of its biggest boosts from a lie.Roussel was orphaned at the age of eight and went to live with his grandfather. He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.Three years later Roussel’s grandfather died, and his mother’s sister took him in. Her husband arranged for young Albert to take piano lessons. Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a second love to his life — the sea. He studied to be a naval cadet（军校学生）, but still made time to study music.In the French Navy, while he was sent to a warship based at Cherbourg, he and two friends found the time to play the piano trios of Beethoven and other composers. Roussel also began composing. At the Church of the Trinity in Cherbourg on Christmas Day 1892, he staged the performance of his Andante（行板乐曲）for the first time as a composer.That success encouraged Roussel to write a wedding march, and one of his fellow naval officers offered to show it to a prominent conductor, Edouard Colonne. When Roussel’s friend returned with the draft of the march, he reported that Colonne had advised Roussel to give up his naval career and devote his life to music.Not long afterward, at the age of 25, Roussel did just that. He applied the self-discipline, simplicity, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a major force in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Roussel devote his life to music — Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he had never even shown Roussel’s draft to the world famous conductor.1. Which of the following is true of Roussel?A. Roussel was adopted by his aunt when he was 10 years old.B. Roussel applied what he had developed in the Navy to his composing.C. Roussel lived with his grandfather at 8 with his parents living in another city.D. Roussel spent his summer vacations at a seaside resort to be a naval soldier.2. On Dec.25th, 1892, at the church in Cherbourg, Roussel __________.A. played the piano trios of Beethoven and other composersB. made time to play music with his two friendsC. made his first performance as a composerD. took piano lessons and played popular songs on the piano3. The underlined word “prominent” in Paragraph 5 is similar in meaning to“__________”.A. graciousB. religiousC. generousD. well-known4. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. a composer’s professional training experienceB. a navy cadet’s dreamC. a well-intentioned trickD. the shortcut to become a composer( B )Which tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... and there's a style to suit everyone ？ Best for young childrenLeapPad Explorer 2, £68Aimed at childrenbetween three and nine(thougha nine-year-oldmight find it a little simple),it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in educationgames (you can buy more).Besides, the LeapPad doesnot allow access to the internet — so it isimpossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate.Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director. Cons: Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power adaptor is not included. Best for teenagers iPad 4th generation, £399-£659 The iPad is still the market leader, and for good reason. If the teenager in your house enjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose. Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million ‘apps’ (thename Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad. Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology.Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors.Best for working parentsMicrosoft Surface, £399-£559Tablets arebrilliant for leisure — but what if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yetcompete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows youto use Microsoft Word, Excel andPowerpoint (they are all pre-installed andincluded in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing letters and emails, which also doubles up as the cover.Pros: The Surface is good for watching movies — a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip — and surfing the internet. Con: The keyboard is an expensive add-on — costing up to £109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much smaller and lighter). Best for bookworms Amazon Kindle Paperwhite, £109 Nearly all tablets let you download books. It's agreat way to take amountainous pile ofhardbacks on holiday without stuffing yoursuitcase. But most tablets have a shiny screen — which can be very distracting when you're trying to read. The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp blacklettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly. And yet you can still read the words in the dark.Pros: Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if yousubscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) plus hundreds of thousands more to buy.Cons: No TV , films, games, internetor camera.5. The underlined phrase ‘stumble across’ most probably means ‘___________’.A. meet withB. quarrel withC. compare withD. compete with6. Which of the following about Surface is NOT TRUE?A. The keyboard will add to the cost.B. The keyboard can serve as a cover.C. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.D. You can watch movies or surf the Internet with it.7. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. LeapPad Explorer 2.B. iPad 4th generation.C. Microsoft Surface.D. Amazon Kindle Paper( C )Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意调查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable, nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods, but are not necessarily happier adults.The best formula(准则) for happiness is to be able to develop AQ (Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble), to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.8. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. happiness is neither predictable nor apparentB. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happyC. the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income groupD. happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society9. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon _____.A. a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likesB. great wealth with which one can buy anythingC. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the betterD. a college degree that can help one achieve great success10. The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean _____.A. ambition to defeat others in a severe competitionB. ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situationC. methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in lifeD. attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble11. The best title of this passage may be _____.A. What Does Happiness Consist inB. Happiness and UnhappinessC. Different Kinds of HappinessD. Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness12. Which of the following does NOT increase your life span?A. Staying happy about lifeB. Exercising as much as possibleC. Exercising your brain frequentlyD. Enjoying your social life13. People who do not stay mentally active are more likely to _________.A. become ignorantB. lose their mindsC. shorten their livesD. become slow in movement14. The underlined phrase silver lining can be replaced with __________.A. something made of silverB. new informationC. good aspectsD. long life span15. Which of the following is correct about medication ?A. Appropriate medication is necessary.B. Medication is always helpful to you.C. Doctors suggest taking expensive medicines.D. Drugs are unnecessary because of side-effects.参考答案I.Grammar(10*2)1to watch 2. because 3. caught 4. what 5. had been 6.where 7. whoever 8. can/may 9. being fined 10. until II. V ocabulary (10*2=20分）BJHIC AFGKEIII. Cloze（15*2）BCACA DBBBB DDACCIV. Reading (16*2=30分）(A)1-4. BCDCACDDCBABCCA。

上海牛津高一英语专项练习(阅读) Lt

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上海牛津高一英语专项练习〔阅读〕 Reading Comprehension

Passage One Many people hurt their backs when they try to lift heavy things from the floor. It is easy to hurt your back muscles when you pick up a heavy object. However, there is a correct way to lift things from the floor if you pick up or lift heavy objects correctly, you probably will not hurt your back. To lift something from the floor correctly, first bend your knees and squat down. Keep your back straight. Do not bend over from your waist; keep your back and hips and waist in a line. If you bend over, the muscles in your lower back can become wounded very easily. If you keep your back and hips stronger, they have much more support. The other muscles can then help the lower back muscles. As you squat down, try to get as close to the object as possible. For example, if you are going to pick up a heavy box, squat down directly in front of it. Maybe you will have to spread your knees and legs. Put one knee on each side of the box. Remember at all times to keep your back straight. Put your hands under the objects that is in front of you, between your knees. To lift objects, you should stand up slowly. Use your leg muscles in order to stand up. In other words, lift with your legs, not with your back. 1. If you try to lift heavy things from the floor, ______. A. you will hurt your back B. you may hurt your back C. you must hurt your back D. you never hurt your back 2. According to the passage, how can you avoid hurting yourself while lifting things from the floor? A. To get yourself insured. B. Never to lift heavy things. C. To use the correct way to lift things. D. To do body exercises to have more strength. 3 To lift a heavy object mainly depends on your _______. A. legs B. back C. knees D. hands 4. To lift a heavy box, the most important thing you should do is ______. 3

上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．It ________ a long time before he died of a terminal cancer.A．would be B．should be C．was D．has been 2．—Do you have clothes ________? I’ll wash them for you.—No, thank you. I’ll wash them myself.A．to be washed B．to wash C．washing D．being washed 3．________ the proposal for some time, I decided to cancel it because I knew it was no use ________ risks.A．Considering; taking B．Considered; to takeC．Having considered; taking D．Having considered; to have taken 4．The expert recommended us ________ the room every day.A．airing B．should air C．having aired D．to air 5．Human beings are superior to animals ________ they can use language as a tool to communicate.A．provided that B．in that C．except that D．for fear that 6．Would you please put the book ________ it belongs?A．to whom B．to which C．to that D．where 7．You see the lightning ________ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A．the instant B．for an instant C．the instant when D．in an instant 8．Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A．who B．which C．why D．when 9．—Dad, I've finished my assignment.—Good，and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.A．whenever B．whetherC．whatever D．no matter10．Within the core of each of us ________.A．is the child we once were B．we once were is the childC．is we once were the child D．we once were the child is11．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.A．focus B．focusedC．would focus D．had focused12．As we all know, very loud noise ________ make people sick or drive them mad.A．should B．need C．can D．mustA．shouldn’t eat B．mustn’t have eatenC．shouldn’t have eaten D．mustn’t eat14．The jury ________ him with having committed the crime and he was sentenced to imprisonment.A．assured B．chargedC．confirmed D．accused15．All the documents ________ by the company suggested that its exports ________ last year.A．relieved... decrease B．issued ... decreasedC．exposed ... decreased D．released ... should decrease16．We would like to ________ our sincere gratitude and appreciation to all of our wonderful sponsors for their continued support and cooperation.A．expand B．inform C．display D．extend 17．Everyone has a duty to ________ “cancer of corruption”, says Secretary-General in message, urging all to wrestle with it.A．ride out B．carry on C．stamp out D．dive into 18．Her commitment to redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.A．refreshed B．dominated C．occupied D．restrictedA．for ... add to B．of... refer toC．for ... turn to D．of... attach to20．The girl who aspires to participate and win in the beauty contest starve herself every day to have a pretty face and a good ________.A．figure B．image C．appearance D．form21．________ is never ________ with the progress he has made will be a success.A．Whoever; content B．Who; identifiedC．Whoever; identified D．Who; content22．Allen ________ himself through rigorous training and learned to live life without any luxuries—physical or psychological.A．concerned B．disciplined C．contained D．drained 23．His lack of cooperation consciousness ________ for his failure in the election last month.A．reasoned B．excused C．explained D．accounted 24．Indeed, by ________ estimates, there may be as many as 40 million stray dogs in China, carrying disease or becoming aggressive and attacking ________.A．tough, passers-by B．rough, passers-byC．tough, passer-bys D．rough, passer-bys25．Tourists often ________ the delicate balance of nature on the island.A．upset B．beat C．offend D．decline二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beChip flow interruptedA stable global supply chain of chips had been maintained before disruptive moves by the US.Two of the US’ top chipmakers—NVIDIA and AMD-were ordered to stop exports of two high-end chips to China on Aug 31. The ban 26 sophisticated (精密的) chips for graphics processing units (GPUs); which have been widely used in applications including AI and creative production.This came after US President Joe Biden signed an order to pass the $52.7 billion (about 369.5 billion yuan) semiconductor chip manufacturing subsidy (补贴) and research law on Aug 25.It aims to 27 efforts to “make the United States more competitive with China’sscience and technology efforts”, Reuters noted.Biden also signed the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 into law on Aug 9. According to the act, chip makers that shift their factories to the US can receive subsidies and tax benefits with 28 conditions that restrict US companies from increasing investments in China for 10 years.“The US and its allies,” Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google and a financier for the Bill Clinton, Obama and Biden presidential campaigns, said in March, “should utilize targeted export controls on high-end semiconductor manufacturing equipment... to protect 29 technical advantages and slow the advancement of China’s semiconductor industry”.In 30 to the US latest act, Woo Jin-hoon, a guest professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University, wrote for China Daily, this is “a move that can be profitable for the US in the short term, but harmful in the long run”.The design, manufacturing and even raw materials of a complete and complex product like semiconductors (especially chips) are usually 31 across many different countries and regions, forming a huge trade network.No matter how hard countries or regions try to support their own manufacturing bases and 32 their production, a certain degree of interdependence among countries and regions is unavoidable, China Daily commented.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said on Sept 1 at a press 33 that the US move is typical “sci-tech hegemony (霸权)”.“With its technological advantages, the US has abused the concept of national security and its state power to 34 down on the development of 35 economies and developing countries,” said Wang. “The move violates market economy principles, harms international economic and trade orders and disrupts the stability of global industrial and supply chains.”三、完形填空Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’twhile working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting.“Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 38 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 39 it in the framework of the language processing theories.”One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 40 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 41 the overall meaning and relationships between words.The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 42 some cognitive resources to deal with noise.To see how reading was affected by noise 43 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 44 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 45 . That’s a bit 46 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction.“In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 47 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers.There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory-and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 48 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading.With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 49 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 50 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think.36．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 37．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 38．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 39．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 40．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 41．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 42．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 43．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 44．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 45．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 46．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 47．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 48．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 49．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 50．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise四、阅读理解Like expensive watches that never break, the world’s best airports can be boring. You land, move through passport control and check into a hotel within minutes. The experience is pleasant, but not memorable. The worst airports have more characters. To adapt Tolstoy, lovely airports are all alike, but every wretched airport is wretched in its own way.To work out which is the world’s worst airport, we conducted a survey of our correspondents who travelled a lot. It attracted more, and more passionate, responses than nearly any other internal survey we have done.Although each awful airport is unique, four themes occur again and again: danger, bullying by officials, theft and delay. Sometimes, all these enhance each other. For example, it takes ages to get through Lubumbashi airport (in the Democratic Republic of Congo) because security officials slow things down in the hope that passengers will give them “un Cadeau” to hurry up. If you hand over $1, they let you board without your bags getting checked at all. Such deals make air travel in places like Congo slower, riskier, costlier and much more unpleasant.Air travellers make tempting targets for thieves. They are rich enough to afford an air ticket, which in many places makes them rich indeed. They carry luggage, some of it valuable. They are often far from home and unfamiliar with local rules. And airports are full of choke points through which travellers must pass if they are to board their planes, creating opportunities for dishonest officials to charge them. The ones in Manila are especially creative. Some have been known to plant bullets in luggage so they can “find” them and demand money not to have the owners arrested.Rules change at borders, and some airport officials enforce them mindlessly. One correspondent recalls that in Santiago, Chile: “I once got detained for two hours for failing to declare an unopened, sealed bag of almonds. I then had to write a declaration expressing my regret for bringing the nuts. When I failed to do so without cracking up I was threatened with arrest. The lady next to me was being interrogated for carrying a lone banana.”Poor countries have an excuse for poor airports. Rich countries do not, which is perhaps why travellers are particularly annoyed to find grottiness (恶心) in, say, Brussels, the heart of the European Union. Our Charlemagne columnist writes of Charleroi, its second airport: “It is dirty and crowded, and has terrible food. The planes leave and land at unreasonble hours. And the only real way into town is a coach that runs every 30 minutes and is frequently overbooked: more than once I’ve queued in the rain only to see it drive off as I reach the front.”51．The last sentence of the first paragraph implies that _______.A．each bad airport is uniqueB．good airports are hard to findC．awful airports have a lot in commonD．the world’s best airports are not that good52．Lubumbashi airport is mentioned in paragraph 3 in order to _______.A．explain how delay occurs in African airportsB．illustrate how the four themes are interrelatedC．argue against the necessity of airport security officialsD．give an example of what $1 means to people in Congo53．The phrase “choke points” (paragraph 4) is closet in meaning to “_______”.A．agents B．passengers C．stores D．barriers 54．What can be learned about Charleroi?A．It is located in a rich country.B．It used to be dirty and crowded.C．It used to be close to the city center.D．It is the country’s second largest airport.Yvonne Morones, who has a pet dog named Scamp the Tramp, is talking with the Pet Journal about Scamp.76When I saw Scamp on Petfinder, all of a sudden I understood what love was like. I suddenly found I loved him because I fell in love with his face.What did you know about him when you adopted him?He’d been living on the street in Compton, California, and people were feeding him McDonald’s. And his name was Muffin Man, which didn’t seem to fit him at all.What do you do to give him that bed head look?It’s au naturel! He does get a mango shampoo and a coconut conditioner, but these gray dreads just appear on his head, back, and tail. The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable.Scamp works with you as a social therapy dog too. How do people react to his unusual looks?The first time he went to the senior center with me, the seniors just laughed and said, “Yvonne, what have you got there?” Then they fell in love with him. They’ll even write little adventure stories about Scamp. He just inspires people.Has being awarded the world’s ugliest dog changed him?He’s no longer Scamp the Tramp. He’s now Scamp the Champ. Now I have to get him a new dog tag.55．What can be learned about Scamp the Tramp?A．He loves fast food.B．He looks unattractive.C．He dislikes his new tag.D．He used to live with seniors.A．Why did you go to Petfinder so often?B．What did you often find on Petfinder?C．Who brought you Scamp the Tramp?D．How did you first meet Scamp the Tramp?57．By “It’s au naturel!”, Yvonne means that ______.A．Scamp turned gray after being adopted by herB．Scamp is fond of being washed with shampooC．nothing has been done to change Scamp’s appearanceD．it is the pet hairdresser who has given Scamp his new lookOn January 15th, the Guardian showed off its new, smaller look, shifting from its distinctive “Berliner” format to a tabloid(娱乐小报) shape with a redesigned logo in black type. But the more dramatic makeover is of the financial books of Guardian Media Group (GMG), publisher of the Sunday Observer and the daily Guardian, which may find its new operation in the black next financial year. A newspaper business that two years ago was threatened with existentially worrying losses appears on the edge of breaking even.The turnaround is partly due to steep cost-cutting, which is a dog-bites-man story in journalism. But the Guardian would manage the achievement while still giving away news free online, and that is a story worth telling.In January 2016 David Pemsel, the new chief executive of GMG, and Katharine Viner, the new editor-in-chief of the Guardian, informed staff that GMG’s endowment fund, meant to ensure the financial security of the paper in the long run, had lost £100m ($140m) in just half a year, taking it to £740m. Mr Pemsel was advised by industry peers to cut costs and put online news behind a paywall. He and Ms Viner cut costs by 20%, or more than £50m. Alan Rusbridger, Ms Viner’s predecessor(前任), had led the newspaper to global relevance with a large online readership. But he spent without thinking of the consequences. In two years GMG has reduced its employees by 400, to about 1,500.Yet unlike a growing number of newspapers, the Guardian has not put up a paywall. Instead it has pursued a membership model, asking online readers to contribute whatever they like. About 600,000 now do, with annual payments or one-off amounts. American readers tend to choose the latter option, Ms Viner says. GMG says the total figure amounts to tens of millions of pounds per year. Ms Viner says revenue from readers (including 200,000 print subscribers) is now greater than revenue from advertisers.The result is steadily declining operating losses: from £69m two years ago to £45m last financial year and, Mr Pemsel says, less than £25m in the year that ends on April 1st. He predicts breaking even next year. Giving up its own printing presses and going tabloid willhelp, saving several million pounds a year. The Guardian may now physically look more like its peers, but its turnaround story remains distinctive.58．The phrase “in the black”(Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.A．making profit B．taking on a new lookC．losing support D．enjoying great popularity59．What does the writer imply about Alan Rusbridger?A．He advised GMG to cost costs.B．He got the Guardian into trouble.C．He was the founder of GMG’s endowment fund.D．He was fired due to his failure to bring the Guardian online.60．What does the Guardian allow its online readers to do?A．To pay as they like.B．To skip the advertisements.C．To join its membership club.D．To connect to other newspapers. 61．What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A．The Guardian has been reduced to a tabloid.B．The Guardian succeeds by giving away news free online.C．The Guardian turns around by looking more likes its peers.D．The Guardian has broken even by cutting its operation costs.五、六选四What a chatbot can teach us about the art of conversation After lunchtime on May 2, 1989, a student at Drake University in Iowa started an online text chat with a user at University College Dublin. The UCD user’s handle was “MGonz”.Over the next hour and 20 minutes, the two exchanged insults (谩骂). When the student logged off, he wrote off MGonz as an abusive troll (山怪). But while MGonz was abusive, it was not a troll—it was a simple chatbot programmed by UCD undergrad Mark Humphrys. The next day, Humphrys reviewed the chat logs in astonishment. His MGonz chatbot had passed the Turing test.The Turing test was invented by the mathematician, codebreaker and computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950. 62 Turing’s test is a benchmark for artificial intelligence—but I am less interested in the test itself than in the moral of the story of MGonz’s success.Faced with the difficult task of convincing a human that a chatbot is human, the obvious strategy is to increase the sophistication (复杂) of the chatbot, Humphrys try an alternative: reduce the sophistication of the human. MGonz had passed the Turing test, but is it not also fair to say that the student had failed it? 63 These are all things that any chatbot finds hard.But MGonz generates dialogue because insults need neither context nor memory. And it is impossible to read the MGonz transcript without thinking of ugly parallels on social media.We are at our best when our conversation explores complex issues and is sensitive to context. 64 The qualities that distinguish us from MGonz are the qualities that get driven out by a fast-moving, soundbite-driven world.Brian Christian’s book The Most Human Human explores the history of chatbots, while reflecting on the nature of good conversation. Christian argues that chatbots tend to pass for human because we humans set the benchmark so low. 65 No wonder the chatbots find us easy to imitate.Conversation is not easy. But the best conversations are delightful. So let’s start by promising to do better than MGonz and see what we can build from there.A．So many of our interactions are predictable or downright rude.B．A good conversation involves give and take, builds over time and exists in a context.C．That is understandable response to the limited range of modern communication.D．But complexity and context do not play well on social media.E．The test is simply for a computer to successfully pretend to be a human in a text-based conversation with another human.F．Turing had something more uplifting in mind than MGonz’s exchange with the student.六、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In the 19th century, thousands of poor people struggled to survive in the slums of London, where diseases spread 66 the dense population. At one time, 600 people diedof cholera (霍乱) in a week, a fatal disease then 67 (suppose) to be spread by airborne germs.A young doctor, John Snow, anxious to help, obtained a map of the slums, on 68 he marked the buildings where each person died. He soon noticed that most of the deaths occurred around the center of the circle. The number of deaths 69 (be) greatest around the center of the circle and then decreased 70 the distance from the center of the circle increased.Snow concluded that at the center there 71 be somebody or something that was causing or spreading cholera. When he went to the district, he saw a pump bringing water up from an open well, which was the sole source of water for people there. He examined a sample of water to see what it was. Then he suspected the water was contaminated, so he took the handle of the pump away, thus 72 (stop) people from drinking water from the well. Snow urged that the city authorities 73 (investigate) the water in the well. At first they were reluctant to spend money on 74 had not yet proved to be a danger, but finally they found that the wall of the well cracked in several places and that the raw sewage was seeping(渗漏) into it. Then the men filled the cracks and dug another well 75 clean water could be obtained. The cholera slackened and then disappeared.七、汉译英（整句）76．这个孩子不太会因为考试的好坏而承受巨大压力。

2022-2023学年上海市进才中学高一下学期期中英语试卷1. Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best firs each blank.The Rising Trend of Nationalism and Anti-GlobalizationAs technology advances and connectivity increases, countries are closer to each other than ever. Economically, trade blocs (集团，阵营) have increased partnership among countries and encouraged production specialization. Politically, countries are moving towards a free market and competing 1 additional foreign investments. However, it seems that these trends 2 (go) in a slightly different direction in the past few years. Governments are encouraging more domestic investments and developments. A stronger sense of nationalism is developing while the term “globalization” now seems to h ave a negative connotation to some audiences.Brexit (脱欧), for example, had been in the media spotlight for the past several years. The word is shorthand for Britain’s separation from the European Union. First 3 (bring) to the surface by a referendum (公投) in 2013, it had always been a controversial topic. Supporters of Brexit wanted sovereignty, the power that a country has to govern 4 both economically and politically. They were eager to leave the EU because they felt 5 the organization had been off the track and would no longer provide them with enough benefits as a member. As the sentiment of nationalism increased, 6 did people’s willingness to pull back after years of social mobility and cultural exchanges. In the end, Britain officially left the EU on Jan. 21, 2020. Undoubtedly, Brexit, 7 outcome will be unpredictable in the next few years, is sure to transform the lives of many. However, whether the U. K. will change for the better in the long run remains 8 (see).The Italian government is also going through some intense criticism from its people. There has been a constant voice against immigration and the European Union in Italy. Some people are in favor of Italy 9 (pull) back from the EU and deporting 500,000 illegal immigrants that were already in Italy. Britain and Italy are just two examples of the surfacing trend of nationalism. Many other countries are tightening up on trade negotiations and foreign policies as well. Who knows 10 will happen in the next five years? The effects of these changes are unknown and can only be discovered in the future.2. Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. essentiallyB. possibilityC. analyzedD. inspiredE. reactF. trackingG. necessarilyH. rulesI. listJ. disastersK. positiveBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic 1 for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By 2 people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than 3 and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share astory with your friends, you care a lot more how they 4 . You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers studying word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations —found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t 5 mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that 6 , Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague 7 the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the 8 than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this 9 feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that 10 negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way orthe other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it wasto be shared, as Dr. Berger expl ains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”3. Globalization Is Causing the Death of Minority LanguagesAs the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Forty percent of the world’s 7,000 language s in ________ are at risk of disappearing, according to estimates by the Endangered Languages Project. That trend is ________ linked to economic globalization, as suggested by a new report published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.“The dominating ef fect of a single socioeconomic factor, GDP per capita (人均), on speaker growth rate suggests that economic growth and globalization are ________ drivers of recent language speaker declines (mainly since the 1970s onwards), through political and educational developments,” the researchers conclude in their report.Actually, the impact of global economies on language ________ has been an argument that goes all the way back to the 1970s, when Herbert Schiller proposed the hotly debated theory of “cultural imperi alism”, which suggested economically powerful nations hold huge cultural ________ over the weaker countries they influence.However, such impact has never been fully ________ until now, according to researchers. In the study, the researchers first established a set of ________ languages, based on several factors: small speaker population sizes, rapid declines in speaker numbers, and a small geographic ________.After dealing with the numbers by using data selected from the Ethnologue, an authoritative source for basic information about the world’s languages, the researchers concluded that 25 percent of the world’s languages are under immediate ________ of disappearing forever.Threatened languages were numerous in highly economically developed regions, like northwestern North America, northern Europe, and eastern Asia. ________ they explored relationships between the danger of extinction and multiple environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature, GDP per capita was the factor most tightly correlating with at-risk languages.Of course, there are factors ________ GDP that play a role in the disappearance of minority languages. According to UNESCO, languages are also ________ with external forces such as military, religious, cultural or educational subiugation (征服), or by ________ forces such as a community’s negative attitude towards its own language. ________, even the internet has beenlinked to the extinction of little-spoken tongues by creating a digital ________ that locks out some groups and give advantages to others (and their languages).1.A．reality B．stock C．use D．need2.A．to a great extent B．at that time C．in this way D．in the end3.A．official B．major C．complete D．cultural4.A．difference B．familiarity C．similarity D．diversity5.A．dominance B．ruling C．preference D．spread6.A．globalized B．furthered C．quantified D．communicated 7.A．endangered B．extinct C．fluent D．native8.A．development B．feature C．gap D．range9.A．pressure B．control C．law D．threat10.A．Once B．While C．As D．Because11.A．apart from B．as to C．on behalf of D．in terms of 12.A．halved B．associated C．threatened D．replaced13.A．definite B．local C．double D．internal14.A．Somehow B．Moreover C．Comparatively D．Therefore15.A．divide B．device C．clip D．trade4. “Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds.The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year.“It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too.”Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the boo ks and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages.Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades.Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades.From this informat ion, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own s tudy time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year.1. The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________.A．achieve higher grades B．choose your friendsC．go to the library D．be lazy about studying2. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates?A．To further test the theory. B．To figure out more study habits.C．To put forward a new theory. D．To get more students to work hard.3. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College?A．How many studious friends they have.B．How they comment on their friends’ grades.C．How much time they spent studying each day.D．How they thought of their own college grades.4. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students?A．If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend.B．If you want to get on well with your roomm ates, you’d better work hard.C．If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time.D．If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects.5. WinThe winner can go to one of these amazing places.You can go with three friends.You will be away for five days.You can go anytime in January.Your starting point is London.All expenses paid including: travel, accommodation and food.Sights and the city!Paris, FranceFrom the Eiffel Tower to Disneyland, from cafés to art galleries —there’s something for everyone in this historic but modern city!●Accommodation: apartment with cooking facilities●Travel from London: 2.5 hours by train●Average January temperature:-3℃Shopping and shows!New York, USAFrom an unforgettable show with a backstage tour to some world-famous shops and a city that never sleeps —you’ll love it!●Accommodation: apartment with cooking facilities●Travel from London: 7 hours by plane●Average January temperature: -3℃Go and get lazy!Goa, IndiaA complete break from the stress of everyday life. Relax with unspoilt beaches, delicious food and perfect sunshine.●Accommodation: beach house with cooking facilities●Travel from London: 8 hours by train●Average January temperature: 32℃Spanish Spa special!Seville, SpainAmazing spa break with unlimited health and beauty treatments, swimming pool, beautiful scenery and delicious food!●Accommodation: 3-star hotel●Travel from London: 3 hours by plane●Average January temperature: 8℃Something for everyone!Dubai, UAEYou stay in a huge new hotel. You go shopping in a huge new shopping centre. You sunbathe on a huge new beach. What more could you want?●Accommodation: 5-star hotel●Travel from London: 7 hours by plane●Average January te mperature: 25℃1. According to the passage, the winner of the competition must ________.A．go travelling with his/her family B．start his/her journey from LondonC．go anytime other than January D．pay for his/her own accommodation2. If the winner would like to escape the cold weather of January and make meals by himself, he is most likely to choose ________ as his destination.A．Paris, France B．New York, USAC．Dubai, UAE D．Goa, India3. The passage is intended to ________.A．promote different international tourist destinationsB．introduce some major cities around the worldC．publicize the rules of the competitionD．appeal to more competitors6. A generation understandably frightened by “adulting” may well welcome the linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. And once established, the habit can easily make the jump to those of us more advanced in years. After all, a kid is inside every one of us, and few people are resistant to the infectiousness of creativity. Young people are the primary drivers of language change, but even we “olds” — as the young are used to putting it — like to change things up now and then. As new slang creeps across generational divides, however, it inevitably stirs up people’s deepest linguistic anxieties. Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English language? Just the opposite: with the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing English’s enrichment.It has long been ordinary for one language to borrow from another, and even from a dialect of the same language: Black English has lent mainstream English words like diss and the “angry” meaning of salty. Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did. On the internet, for example, kidspeak r efers to a “smol kitty” and a “smol baby,” but not a “smol mailbox” or “smol Blu-ray player.” Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term referring to cuteness. Just missing out on becoming Word of the Year at the American D ialect Society’s 2019 meeting was yeet, seemingly meant to imitate the sound of something being thrown into a container or through a net (and often pronounced with a celebratory gesture to that effect). One now speaks of “yeeting” an empty can into the tra sh, and the word has even developed an irregular past-tense form, yote. We have kidspeak to thank for introducing these new layers of playfulness into our vocabulary.English today is arguably more fertile than it’s been since Shakespeare’s time, and those worried about the novelty of kidspeak might consider that not so long ago pedants (顽固派) were insisting the proper person should say “bal-coh-nee” for balcony, stamp o ut “nonwords” such as standpoint, and use obnoxious to mean “Tripe for injury.” Their arguments failed miserably when presented to everyday speakers, who tend to have good intuition about how language should work.Amid today’s news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English of right now, surrounded by all the new words.1. According to the speaker, what does the popularity of childlike language reflect?A．Old people’s increasing anxieties.B．People’s reluctance to growing up.C．Young people’s resistance to changes.D．The deepening of generational divides. 2. The example of “smol’” is intended to ________.A．form a sharp contrast with the word “yeet”B．illustrate that kidspeak enriches the English languageC．reveal how new words are loaned from other languagesD．remind readers that many English words are borrowed words3. Which of the following statements about kidspeak is the writer most likely to agree with?A．Kidspeak does more good than harm to English.B．Kidspeak is not all playful as commonly thought.C．Kidspeak was awarded 2019’s Word of the Year.D．Kidspeak is regarded as something overestimated.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A．The emergence of kidspeak is the result of linguists’ collective wisdom.B．The English language hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time.C．The development of English depends mainly on everyday speakers.D．The advancement of the American idiom contributes to kidspeak.7. The Heat Vacuum (真空)Air-conditioning accounts for nearly 15 percent of building energy use in the U.S. today. The number of days with record heat could increase in the coming decades. These two facts present a difficult problem: 1Researchers at Stanford University say part of the solution is a material that pulls heat from buildings and radiates it into outer space. 2 It originated in the 1980s, when engineers found that certain types of painted-metal roofing pulled heat from buildings and radiated in wavelengths that pas s through the earth’s atmosphere. Radiative cooling never worked during the day, however, because no one had made a material that both radiates thermal energy (热能) and reflects sunlight. Reflection is critical: if a material absorbs sunlight, heat from the sun negates any cooling that thermal radiation might achieve.3 In trials on the roof of its lab, the material, made of layers of hafnium dioxide and silicon dioxide (二氧化铪和二氧化硅) on a base of silver; titanium and silicon (银、钛和硅), reflected 97 percent of sunlight. The silicon dioxide atoms absorb heat from the air on one side of the mirror and releasing thermal radiation on the other. The material radiates primarily at wavelengths between eight and 13 nanometers, which can go through the earth’s atmosphere, so rather than warming the air around the building, the heat escapes to space.Shanhui Fan, senior author of a 2014 Nature paper describing the work, imagines such mirrors covering the roofs of buildings. With its roof continually releasing heat, a build ing’s air-conditioning can relax and consume less energy. 4 Remove the mirror component and pair the material with solar cells, for example, and it could cool the cells while allowing light to reach them, making them more efficient.9. 数学家苏步青坚守他对科学的信仰，敬业地在复旦大学工作了数十年。

华东政法大学附属中学2021学年第二学期期中线上测试高一英语学科I. Listening Comprehension（19 分）Section A（10 分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.C. Husband and wife.D. Mother and son.2. A. A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.3. A. He enjoys eating it.B. He cares little for it.C. He prefers fried seafood.D. He doesn’t want to taste it.4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.B. It's the woman’s favourite shopping mall.C. It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.D. It's the cheapest shopping mall nearby.5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’ style.B. The woman is most probably pregnant.C. The woman doesn’t like the new family member.D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.6. A. It is the only property she has.B. Her father asked her not to sell it.C. She inherited it from his father.D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.C. Clear up the kitchen right now.D. Stop the water from running immediately.8. A. She lost her purse.B. She forgot to bring cash.C. She failed to attend the concert.D. She was unable to get the student discount.9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.C. Put the material in order.D. Start typing the paper.10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B. The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.Section B（9 分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wrote several books. B. She managed a farm.C. She was a business woman.D. She worked as a nurse.12. A. 101 years. B. 76 years. C. 25 years. D. 22 years.13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.C. A great American artist.D. The secret of living longer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.B. To give full attention to the driving.C. To avoid being caught by the police.D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall. C. In a bathroom. D. At a concert.16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.C. By attending classical concerts frequently.D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.II. Grammar and Vocabulary （24 分）Section A（15 分）Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences are four choices marked A, B, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Tom was a lazy boy. I often caught him _________ in class.A. sleepingB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleep【1题答案】【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。