Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 1・2 Unit 1: Forms of Business OwnershipTeaching Periods: 4L Teaching Objectives1.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know the basic concept of what is sole proprietorships3・ To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships4.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability company5.To know general content of Mergers and Acquisitions6.To know the features of franchisingIL Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA. Teaching focus:1.To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships2.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability company3.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitB・ Teaching Difficulties:1 ・ To know the features of franchising2.To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships3.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability companyIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Life is like a piano・ White keys represents joy. Black shows sadness. As you go through life, remember that the black keys make music too.Lead-in Question:How many Chinese and foreign companies can you name?Group discussion:What is your most admired company?What companies do you wish to work for?Sole ProprietorshipsAn organization that is owned and managed by one person is called a sole proprietorship・Features:1 .Provides the capital by one person.2.Operates the business aided by several employees・3.Owns all the assets of the business and the profit generated by it.4.Assumes complete responsibility.Advantage:1.You can be your own boss.2.The easiest form of business to start・3.Be flexible to the changing circumstances of the market・Disadvantage:l.It is difficult for the owner to raise capital.2.Business liabilities are the owner's liabilities.ck of stability.4.The owner's knowledge and experience is limited・PartnershipsA partnership is legal relationship between persons carrying on a profit-motivated business.A. General partnershipB. Limited partnershipFeatures of general partnership:• 1 .Two or more individuals own the business •• 2.Each partner contributes time, money, property, labor or skill.• 3.Partners share profits and losses according to a plan specified by agreement between them.• 4.Each partner can incur debt and sign contracts・• 5.All partners arc liable for business debts-Features of limited partnership:• 1 .Includes one or more general partners and one or more limited partners.• 2.The general partners arrange and run the business・• 3.The limited partners are investors only.• 4.Thc limited partner's liability is limited liability.• 5.The general partner^ liability is unlimited liability・Advantage:•l.More people, more skills and more resources.• 2.Share business losses and risks with partners.Disadvantage:•l.The division of profits can cause conflicts.• 2.There may be disagreement among partners・Joint Venture• A joint venture is the pooling 联合of resources and expertise by two or more businesses, typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular goal.For example:• 1.Business expansion• 2.Development of new products• 3.Moving into new markets, particularly overseasAdvantage:1 .Access to new market.2.Increase capacity.3.Share risks with the partner4.A ccess to specialized staff and technology.Disadvantage:1.The partners do not share the common objectives-2.Unequal position in the business.3.Different cultures and management styles result in poor co-operation between the partners ・CorporationsThe corporation is a legal entity, allowed by legislation, which permits a group of people to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set objectives.Features of corporations:• 1. Owned by stockholders, but not necessarily managed by a stockholder.• 2.Liable for its own debts and taxes.Advantage:• 1 .Limited liability of owners.• 2.Skilled management team・• 3. Greater capital base.• 5. Stability.Disadvantage:1 .Multiple taxation.2.Difficulty and expense of starting・ernment involvement.4.personal interest・Mergers and AcquisitionsA Merger is the result of the combination of two companies to form a new company.A Acquisition is one company buying the property and obligations of another company. FranchisesA franchises is the right to use a business name and sell products or services, usually in a specific geographical territory.Features of franchises:• 1.Reduce risk and receive support.• 2.The preliminary work has been done・• 3.The customer base may be set and with good name recognition.• 4.Receive management assistance 管理辅助and training from the franchiser.IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook.(written)2.Group work: Make a dialogue of greeting businessmen, (spoken)V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships as well as that between corporation and limited liability companyKnow the general content of Mergers and Acquisitions and the features of franchising Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 3・5 Unit 2: Business Start-upTeaching Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1・ To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know: What Does it Take to Be an Entrepreneur3.To understand: How to Evaluate the Chance for Success4.To understand: How to Get Started the Business5・ To know: How to Discover a Winning Idea6. To know : How to Organize a businessII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA・ Teaching focus:1.Help the students know: How to Discover a Winning Idea2.Help the students understand: How to Get Started the Business3.Help the students know : How to Organize a businessB. Teaching Difficulties:To understand: How to Get Started the BusinessIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Accept your life if you cant change it. Change your life if you can't accept it.Lead-in Question:Nowadays it is very popular for students to send flowers to teachers, friends, or classmates. You see this opportunity and want to open a flower shop on campus・Group discussion:Do you think it is right for you?How can you transform your dream into reality?What capital and personal skills do you need, but don't have?What other aspects should you consider?What Does It Take to Be an Entrepreneur?See Opportunity Where Others Do Not一See opportunity and build your dream intoreality, then realize Chinese Dream.Self-Motivated一Keep your focus;一Have your own motivation to go on and getthe work done;—Have the determination to get through thetough times・Willing to Make Sacrifices一Work long hours;一Cut leisure activities like getting on line,watching TV, dancing, etc.—Have less time to chat with friends・Know Where You Are Headed一You should have a strong set of business skillsand get a better idea of yourself.Arendt Afraid to Fail—Failure is mother of success. Business can fail.They fail all the time. You must be able to takesome risks.What Traits do You Find in Bill Gates?—Strongly believes in hard work;——Being ambitious, intelligent and competitive;一When in college, he and his close friend Allen started a new company;—Developed a small computer to measure trafficflow to found around $200,()00;一Dropped out from Harvard;—Worked very hard to achieve his vision 憧憬.How to Discover a Winning Business IdeaExamine Your Own Skill Set for Business Ideas—What have I done?一What can I do?一Will people be willing to pay for my productsor service?Keep up-to・date and Identify Business Opportunities—Read or watch news regularly to find possible business ideas.一Keeping up with current events will help you identify market trends, new fads 时尚，industry news.Evaluating Your Chance for SuccessMarket AssessmentDo some research to get to know more about your market. Find out the following in your research:一Who are your potential customers? Will their characteristics affect where you need to be?—How can you reach your customers?—How much will they pay for your product or service?一Who are your competitors?Financing AssessmentIf the startup costs are more than you have on hand and more than you will be able to earn right out of the gate:一one possible solution is to get a loan for your business from a bank.一A second solution, chosen by many small businesses, is to raise the money yourself, perhaps by selling some of your possessions.Getting StartedOne of the best ways to learn how to run a small business is to talk to others who have already done it.一They will tell you that location is critical・——They will caution you not to be undercapitalized・一They will warn you about the problems of finding and retaining good workers.—They will tell you to keep good records and hire a good accountant.—Learn small-business management by becoming anapprentice 学徒or working for a successful entrepreneur, at least for three years.Organizing Your BusinessChoosing a Form of OrganizationNaming Your BusinessLocating Your BusinessOpening Your Business at the right timeBuying or Leasing EquipmentGetting Licenses and PermitsMarketing Your Product or ServiceIV Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Writc a short composition on the issue: How to Discover a Winning Idea?V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question : What does it take to be an entrepreneurKnow: How to get started and organize a businessTeaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 6・8 Unit 3: Corporate Ethics and Corporate CultureTeaching Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know: What is corporate culture?3.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice4.To know different corporate cultures5.To know the function of different corporate culturesII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA・ Teaching focus:1.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice2.To know the function of different corporate culturesB. Teaching Difficulties:1.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practiceIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:In some way, to where is not important, the important thing is that you can see what kind of scenery as well as your mood on the way.Lead-in Question:In advertising, having an unclear or misleading price might help promote a product, but is it ethical?Group discussion:Societies support business and supply it with consumers, but is the business supposed to give anything back to society like protecting our environment?The following listed are some factors related to corporate culture・ Suppose you are looking for a job, discuss with your partner to find which factor of the following affects you most and why.一The hours you work per day and per week——The work environment一The dress code—The training and skills development you receive—The amount of time outside the office you are expected to spend with co-workers一Interaction with other employeesCorporate EthicsEthics are p「inciples of behavior that distinguish between right and wrong. People working in business frequently face ethical questions.Corporate Ethics is the evaluation of business activities and behaviors as right or wrong.Ethical standards in business arc based on commonly accepted principles of behavior established by the expectations of society, the firm, the industry, and an individiiafs personal values. Corporate Social ResponsibilityCorporate social responsibility is the awareness that business activities have an impact on society, and the consideration of that impact by firms in decision-making.Reasons that companies take social responsibilities:一Firstly, they have a moral duty to help;—Secondly, they are part of the society's problems;—Thirdly, companies expect that they will continues operating in society in the future;一Fourthly, companies bring about social ills in many ways and so they must act to correct them where possible;一Finally, social responsibility improves the image of a company.Ways in which a business can give back to society:—Give fair wages and never be seen to be exploiting workers;一Set fair prices for the goods and services provided;一Aim at quality production & customer satisfaction;一Set up social welfare facilities;—Participate in social activities;—Share ideas and intelligence・Questions for Discussion一What does corporate ethics mean?一What are some ethical concerns that arise in the business world?—What is corporate social responsibility? Why is it important for businesses to act in a socially responsible manner?What Is Corporate Culture?Corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things are done around here M・It guides how employees think, act and feel, including such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of bchavio匸Corporate culture is the DNA of the company.Three key functions of corporate culture:—Provide a sense of identity for members;一Generate commitment to the organization^ mission;一Clarify and reinforce standards of bchavio匚Different Corporate CulturesAt the root of any organization's culture there is a set of core characteristics collectively valued by members of an organization・These characteristics illustrate the essential ways in which the cultures of organizations differ from one anothcr.Questions for Discussion—What is the corporate culture of UPS?—What are people working at MCI encouraged to do?一In DuPont Chemical Company, what are employees expected to do? And how about employees in Nokia Corporation?Creation of Corporate CultureCompany Founders:—The founders often possess dynamic personalities, strong values, and a clear vision of how the organization should operate・一Their values usually become the accepted ones in the company.Experience with the General Business and Industry Environment—Some corporate cultures are shaped by their interaction with the external environment.—Walmart^s unique market niche is its moderate quality but attractive prices・Contact with Others一Shape of an organization based on how it develops out of contact between groups and individuals within it.— Corporate culture reflects the fact that people assign similar meanings to various events and actions and they come to perceive the key aspects related to the organization^ work in a similar manne匚IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Questions to consider by yourself:—What are the three major factors contributing to the emergence of organizational culture?一Try to illustrate how an organizational culture is created by its founder or foundersV. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question: What is corporate culture?Know the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice and the function of different corporate cultures.Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 9・11 Unit 4: ManagementTeachin父Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1 .What Is Management?anizational Structure3.Management Levels4.Managerial Roles5.Management SkillsII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA.Teaching focus:1.To understand what management is and its influence on business2.To know something about management skillsB.Teaching Difficulties:1・ To understand what management is and its influence on business1IL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Along the long way of changing, you may occasionally slip and fall. You have to learn to face failures, for the road to success is full of ups and downs・Lead-in Question:An effective executive is indispensable to the growth of corporation.Can you name some famous entrepreneurs?Group discussion:What kind of leader do you prefer? Why?What is management?Management can be defined as the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives・Planning—Planning means defining goals for organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.一Planning is a task that each manager must do every day. It is a continuous process.一Planning is basically men tai. It requires thinking things through logically.Planning answers several fundamental questions for managers:—What is the situation now?一What is the state of the economy and other environments?一What opportunities exist for meeting people's needs?一What products and customers are most profitable?—Why do people buy （or not buy） our products?一Who arc our major competitors?—What threats are they to our business?The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations・一SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Strategic （long-range） planning （战略规划/长期规划）It determines the major goals of the organization as well as the policies, procedures, and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.Tactical （short-range） planning （战术规划/短期规划）It is the process of developing detailed, short-term strategies about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.Operational planning （运营规划）It is the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives ・Contingency planning （应急计划）It is the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don't achieve the organization's objectives-Organizing—Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments・—Organizing makes optimum use of the resources required to enable the successfulcarrying-out of plans. （Implementation）Directing—Directing is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals・一Directing involves motivating entire departments and divisions 分部as well as those individuals working immediately with the manage匚Two directing styles:—Autocratic leadership （专制型领导）It means providing subordinates with detailed job instructions・一Democratic leadership （民主型领导）The manager consults with 协商subordinates about job activities, problems, and corrective actions.Controlling一Controlling involves verifying （核实）that actual performance matches the plan.一The core idea of controlling is to modify behavior and performance when deviations （背离）from plans are discovered.—Planning, organizing, directing are the initial steps for getting the job done.—Con trolling is con cer ned with making certain that plans are correctly implemented ・Five basic steps of the process of control:Set clear standards for time, quality, quantity, and so on.Monitor and record actual performance （results）.Compare results against plans and standards.Communicate results and deviations to the employees involved・Take corrective action when needed・Questions for Discussion—What is the difference between strategic, tactical, and contingency planning? What is your strategic plan and tactical plan?—Give a brief presentation on how you use the four functions to manage your college (or daily) life.Organizational StructureOrganizational structure is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated・Formalization is an important aspect of structure・It is the extent to which the units of the organization are explicitly defined and its policies, procedures, and goals arc clearly stated.It is the official organizational structure conceived and built by top management.Questions for Discussion—What is organizational structure? How can an organization structure itself efficiently?Management LevelsAs enterprises grow from an owner to a group to a corporation, a number of managerial levels of management 一top level, middle level and first level 一are usually portrayed as a man agerial hierarchy.The extent to which managers perform the functions of management — planning, organizing, directing, and controlling 一varies by level in the management hierarchy.Top・LeveI ManagersResponsibilities of Top-Level Managers:—setting organizational goals—defining strategies for achieving them一monitoring and interpreting the external environment一making decisions that affect the entire organization—looking to the long-temi futureMiddle-Level ManagersResponsibilities of Middle-Level Managers:一receiving the broad overall strategies, missions, and objectives from top-level managers 一translating them into specific action programs一implementing the broad organizational plans—encouraging teamwork—resolving conflictsFirst-Level Managers:Responsibilities of First-Level Managers:Directing and controlling the work of employees in order to achieve the team goals motivating employees to perform satisfactorily translating overall corporate goals into action plans.— This management level (supervisory level) is the link between managers and non-managers. Organizational objectives eventually meet the test of reality at this level.Questions for DiscussionDraw the chart of your university or college depicting job titles, lines of authority. Then answer the following questions:一What arc the levels of management depicted in the chart of your university or college?一What is the top executive called?一What are the middle level executives called?Management SkillsManagement skill is the ability to use knowledge, behaviors, and aptitudes to perform a task. Skills arc learned and developed with experience, training, and practice.Conceptual skill一Conceptual skill is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.一Conceptual skill involves: the manager^ thinking, information processing, and planning abilities knowing where one's department fits into the total organization and how the organization fits into the industry, the community, and the broader business and social environment Human relation skill—Human relation skill is the manager's ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group membe匚一Human relation skill involves: the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts, allowing subordinates to express themselves without fear of ridicule and encourages participation.Technical Skill—Technical skill is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.一Technical skill involves: mastery of the methods, techniques, and equipment involved in specific functions such as engineering, manufacturing, or finance specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and techniques to solve problems in that specific discipline. IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Questions to consider by yourself:—What are the first level executives called?—What is challenging about being a middle level executive? Try to locate such an executive and ask him or her this question.V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question: What is organizational structure? How can an organization structure itself efficiently?Know the influence of management on a business.Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 12・14 Unit 5: Production and OperationsTeachin父Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1.What Is Production and Operations?2.Plant Location3.Production Processes4.Materials Management, Purchasing and Inventory Control5.Controlling Production: SchedulingII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA.Teaching focus:1.To understand production processes2.To know importance of plant locationB.Teaching Difficulties:1・ To understand production processes2. To know importance of plant locationIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:If youTe brave enough to say goodbye, life will reward you with a new hello.Lead-in Question:How do your parents or you make dumplings? Can you describe the whole process 一how to prepare, what ingredients are needed, how to make the fillings, and what the steps are that lead to the final products?Group discussion:How do the clothing factory, restaurant, and bakery respectively produce their products? Docs the university also produce its products? Why?What Is Production and Operations?Production—Production is the process of transforming inputs such as raw materials into outputs such as goods and services・一Production is not limited to the manufacture of goods; it applies to both the service and the manufacturing sectors of the economy.Manufacturing—Manufacturing means making goods by hand or with machinery as opposed to extracting things from the earth (mining, fishing); services are not manufactured・Operations一Operations are the functions needed to keep the company producing, literally any function or series of functions introduced to carry out a strategic plan.Production Process—Production process involves three phases: (1) input, (2) transformation, and (3) output. Questions for Discussion一In what way might the production process for manufacturing automobile be similar to that for making television sets?—Do all production processes have the same three phases of input, transformation, and output? Explain using examples.Plant LocationMost companies will choose a site based on such important factors as:Customer locationSource of raw materialsLabor supplyPower and waterCommunity environmentQuestions for Discussion—When would you expect a firm to set up its plant close to its customers?一Do all companies locate near their source of raw materials? Why or why not?一Of the five factors listed in this section, which is most important in choosing the plant location?Questions for Discussion—Can you explain the differences among the following concepts: manufacturing process, assembly process, analytic process, continuous process, and intermittent process? Give examples to illustrate the production processes.Material, Purchasing and Inventory ControlMaterials Management—Materials are inputs to production or manufacturing・一Materials requirements planning (MRP) is a computer-based system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right place and the right time. Purchasing—Purchasing is the function in the company that searches for quality material resources, locates the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for quality goods and services.一The relationship between suppliers and manufacturers is much closer, with suppliers often locating their facilities near the manufacturer.Inventory Control—Inventory refers to a list of goods and materials held available in stock・一Manufacturing organizations usually divide their inventory into three parts:Materials and components scheduled for use in making a product;Materials and components that have begim their transformation to finished products;Finished products that are ready for sale to customers・Controlling Production: Scheduling一 A schedule is a representation of the time necessary to carry out a particular task.一 A job schedule shows the plan for a particular job. It is created through reviews which determine the method and time required・Questions for Discussion—What should you take into consideration when you prepare a production schedule?一Draw a PERT chart for making a breakfast of three-minute eggs, buttered toast, and coffee. Which process would be the critical path, the longest process?—Develop a PERT chart that depicts your plans for a college education. What events should be noted?Modern Production TechniquesFlexible Manufacturing Systems一Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are totally automated production centers that include robots, automatic materials handling equipment, and computer-controlled machine tools that can perform a variety of functions to produce different products.一 A successful example is the National Bicycle Industrial Co., a subsidiary of Japanese。
