2016年6月英语四级真题第三套听力真题及答案和听力原文

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe studentsneed to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living,nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t? [F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore,might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just sa y, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or theirfamily members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are goin g to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on mor e complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot prelo aded with a good set of values,” said Russell. Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless. The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to d o sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re a dults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individualscan learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect onlongevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题(第3套)PartIII Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this secti on, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp onding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a si ngle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there?s growing evidenee that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherla nds report that childre n who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on sta ndardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the morechildren moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, En glish and readi ng.The data will certa in ly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical educati on classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The argume nts aga inst physical educati on have in cluded concerns that gym time may be tak ing away from study time. With sta ndardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some admi nistrators believe stude nts n eed to spe nd more time in the classroom in stead of on the playgro und. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases horm ones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help lear ning. So while itmay seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they?re running around, they may actually be exercis ing their brains as well.A) atte ndan ceE)dropp in gI)mood M)reviewB) con seque ntly F)esse ntialJ)mutuallyN)surviveC) currentG)feasibleK)particularly O)tendD) depress in gH)flowL)performa neeSection BDirections: In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains in formatio n give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by marki ng the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home —and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative n eeds to en ter some sort of Ion g-term care facility ——a mome nt fewpare nts or childre n approach without fear —what you would like is to have everyth ing made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better in terior desig ners? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one?shomework really steer families to the best places? It is genuin ely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in maymatter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder careand another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology , surveyed 150 Connecticutresidents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes( known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residentsa large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about thequality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types, ” said the lead author of thstudy, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don?t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffe r real guilt if they can?t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to reportsymptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents? responses. the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status, D”r. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they hadlived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can?t just say, ,Let?s put this person in a residential care homeinstead of a nursing home —she will be much better off, ?” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, forinstance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility?s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it ；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how theresidents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was theresidents? physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or theirfamily members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. ( More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.) [K] Before we collectively tear our hair out —how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? —here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician (老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina: “ In a way, that could be liberating for families.[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don?t have to turn themselves into privateinvestigators or Congressional subcommittees. “ Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy, ”Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place —it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned ；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone ata table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process mayprove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegantassisted living home.41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42. At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores onsocial interaction.43. W hat kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44. T he findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45. A resident?s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision tomove in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concernsthat robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer scienceprofessor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it?s necessary to translateour morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn?t want it to put the petcat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “ You would wa ndtetdhawtitrhobaot prelogood set of values, ” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn?t think that?s the kind of thing a properly brought -up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values fromdrawing patterns from large sets ofdata on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values isthat human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they?ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌) .One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声),and ask for direct ions from a huma n. If we huma ns aren?t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A) They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.48. How do robots learn human values?A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D) By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A) Keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A) Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your Io ngevity (长寿)Do some kinds of person alities lead to Ion ger lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother?s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break whenwe?re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Person ality isn?t dest iny (命运),and every one knows that in dividuals can lear n to cha nge. But both studies show that long life isn?t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ____ .A) to see whether people?s personality affects their life spanB) to find out if one?s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC) to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD) to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A) They have a good understanding of evolution.B) They are better at negotiating an agreement.C) They generally appear more resourceful.D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A) Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B) Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D) Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show? A)Children?s personality characteristics are invariablydetermined by theirmothers.B) People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C) Mothers? influence on children may last longer than fathers?. D)Mothers? negative personality characteristicsmay affect their children?s life spans.55. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies? A)Anxiety and depressio n more often than not cutshort one?s life span.B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C) Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D) Health is in large part related to one?s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

大字英语四级真题2016年06月-(3)Part ⅠW r i t i n g1. D i r ec t i on s: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any other family member upon making a memorable achievement. You should write at le a s t120 words but no more than 180 words.[参考范文]Dear Dad,With Father's Day approaching, I'm writing this letter to give my thanks and love to you for supporting me in serving as a volunteer for teaching in a rural area, which is a memorable achievement in my life. Firstly of all, thank you for your trust that I can take good care of myself and support for me to do meaningful things, which made the experience possible. Secondly, I'd like to thank you for your encouragement when I was frustrated with the tough living conditions there. What you told me about learning from hardships not only made me ashamed of myself but also inspired me to persist. Last but not least, thank you for your immediate visit at the news that I fell ill during the service. Not until that time di d I realize how important I am in your heart.I became much more mature after this voluntary experience. More importantly, I got to know what a great father I have. Thank you for teaching me to grow up. Love you!Yours,Luc y Part ⅡListening C om p r e h e n s i on 说明：產于2016年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part ⅡListening Comprehension（听力部分共有两套）四级第一套Section A1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.Section B8. D) He does not talk long on the phone.9. B) Talk at length.10. A) He thought it was cool.11. C) It is childish and unprofessional.12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.Section C16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.17. C) They get less and less sleep.18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.19. B) What course you are going to choose.20. D) The personal statement.21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.22. B) It was built in the late 19th century.23. D) They often broke down.24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel.四级第二套Section A1. C) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.2. C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.3. B) Whether the British irports Authority should sell off some of its assets.4. D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.5. D) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.7. B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.Section B8. A) Holland.9. D) Learning a language where it is not spoken.10. C) Trying to speak it as much as one can.11. A) It provides opportunities for language practice.12. B) Rules and regulations for driving.13.C) Make cars that are less powerful.14. D) They tend to drive responsibly.15. C) It is not useful.Section C16. D) The card reader failed to do the scanning.17. B) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.19. A) They vary among different departments.20.D) By contacting the deparmental office.21. B) They specify the number of credits students must earn.22. C) Students in health classes.23. A) Its overemphasis on thinness.24. B) To explain how computer images can be misleading.25. C) To promote her own concept of beauty.Part ⅢReading Comprehension四级第一套Section A26.O) tend27.M) review28.L) performance29.K) particularly30.N) survive31.E) dropping32.J) mutually33.H) flow34.F) essential35.I) moodSection B36.E）“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?37.L）Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.38.B）Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.39.H）An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”40.N）The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her intoa more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.41.J）As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)42.F）In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.43.C）I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.44.I）Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.45.G）But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, c ombined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.Section C46. C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47.D) They are ill-bred.48. C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.50. A) Determine what is moral and ethical.51. A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span52. D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.55. B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.四级第二套Section A26.G) growing27.A) dependent28.C) fast29.F) give30.H) launch31.N) successful32.I) policyl33.B) designed34.O) treatments35.E) gainedSection B36.D)As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”37.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it wa s first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”38.F)To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.40.L)“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told interms of animals and animal relationships,” he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritua lly enlightened moment.”41.H)“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions (信念),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.44.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I thi nk that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”45.J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others—that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted (自己招致的) spi ritual wound.”Section C46. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47. A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.48. B) It helps with their mobility.49. A) The location of their residence.50. C) The wealthy.51. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.52. B) It brought family members closer to each other.53. D) Pace of life.54. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.55. A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.四级第三套Section A26.M) provide27.A) abandoned28.I) frequent29.L) merely30.C) biased31.G) dependent32.F) dampens33.E) commitment34.N) understandably35.O) unrealisticallySection B36.［F］In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion （转向）of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.37.［K］In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.38.［C］As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.39.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends thatcause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families40.［B］I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.41.［H］What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is in irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables （地下水位）in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.42.［M］For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.43.［J］As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.44.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.45.［G］As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels.A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.Section C46. B) It weakens in one's later years.47. D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.48. C) They function quite well even in old age.49. D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use50. A) find ways to slow down our mental decline51. C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.52. A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.53. B) When it is made part of kids' education.54. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.55. C) Early intervention.Part ⅣTranslation四级第一套功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。

2016年6月英语四级真题听力Section A News ReportDirections： In this section， you will hear three news reportsAt the end of each news report， you will hear two or threequestions。

Both the news report and the questions will be spokenonly once.After you hear a qu estion， you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） andD）。

Then mark t he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha singl e line through the centre。

Drections: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1A) This incident occurred in Tibet.B) The d ead cubs were found in the front of a temple.C) Some tiger cubs were dead because of abuse.D) The reason why they were in the freezer was cl ear.Question 2A) About 2 weeks.B) About 7 days.C) About 1 year.D) About 40 days.Question 3A) 17.B) 2.3.C) 57.D) 12.Question 4A) It can reduce the time to travel.B) It can reduce the vehicles on roads.C) It can move cargo between north and south.D) All of A、B and C.Drections:Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 5A) He was abandoned by his parents.B) He got l ost in the forest.C) He went far to drink water.D) It wasn't mentioned.Question 6A) The boy's father.B) Sol diers, police and volunteers.C) Japan's military.D) Chil d psychiatrists.Question 7A) On Wednesday night.B) A few minutes later.C) Wednesday.D) Since Saturday.Section B ConversationDirections： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。

2016年6月四级考试真题（第三套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre．Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard．1．A．This incident occurred in Tibet．B．The dead cubs were found in front of a temple.C．Some tiger cubs were dead because of abuse.D．The reason why they were in the freezer was clear.2．A．About 2 weeks. B．About 7 days. C．About 1 year. D．About 40 days. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard．3．A．17. B．23. C．57. D．22.4．A．It can reduce the time to travel. B．It can reduce the vehicles on roads.C．It can move cargo between north and south. D．All of A, B, and C.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard．5．A．He was abandoned by his parents. B．He got lost in the forest.C．He went far to drink water. D．It wasn’t mentioned.6．A．The boy’s father. B．Soldiers, police and volunteers.C．Japan’s military. D．Child psychiatrists.7．A．On Wednesday night. B．A few minutes later.C．Wednesday．D．Since Saturday.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard．8．A．He prefers the smaller evening classes. B．He has signed up for a day course.C．He has to work during the day. D．He finds the evening course cheaper. 9．A．Learn a computer language. B．Learn data processing.C．Buy some computer software. D．Buy a few coursebooks.10．A．Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B．From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C．Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D．Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. 11．A．What to bring for registration. B．Where to attend the class.C．How he can get to Frost Hall. D．Whether he can use a check.Questions l2 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard．12．A．A training coach. B．A trading adviser.C．A professional manager. D．A financial trader.13．A．He can save on living expenses. B．He considers cooking creative.C．He can enjoy healthier food. D．He thinks take-away is tasteless.14．A．It is something inevitable. B．It is frustrating sometimes.C．It takes patience to manage. D．It can be a good thing.15．A．The element of uncertainty and the mental challenge.B．The element of certainty and physical challenge.C．The way he deals with all kinds of emotions.D．The success that his stressful job brings about.Section CDirections：In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A．There were no planets without moons. B．There was no air or water on Jupiter.C．Life was not possible in outer space. D．The mystery of life could not be resolved.17．A．It has a number of active volcanoes. B．It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.C．It has a large ocean under its surface. D．It has deep caves several miles long. 18．A．Light is not an essential element to it. B．Life can form in very hot temperatures.C．Every form of life undergoes evolution. D．Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard．19．A．Whether they should take the child home. B．What Dr. Meyer’s instructions exactly were.C．Who should take care of the child at home. D．When the child would completely recover. 20．A．She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B．She makes them write down all her instructions.C．She has them act out what they are to do at home.D．She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.21．A．It lacks the stability of the printed word. B．It contains many grammatical errors.C．It is heavily dependent on the context. D．It facilitates interpersonal communication. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard．22．A．Job security. B．Good labor relations.C．Challenging work. D．Attractive wages and benefits. 23．A．Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B．More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C．Computers will change to nature of many jobs.D．Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.24．A．Offer them chances of promotion. B．Improve their working conditions.C．Encourage them to compete with each other. D．Give them responsibilities as part of a team. 25．A．They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B．They concern a small number of people only.C．They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D．They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one Word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too．Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own．26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests．In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28，investigators found that the more children moved．the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading．The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets．The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time．With standardized test scores in the U．S．31 in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground．But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive．Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning．And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress，which can also help learning．So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well．Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, TooA．When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long term care facility---a moment few parents or children approach without fear---what you would like is to have everything made clear．B．Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know．C．I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed．And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in．I am nottalking about the quality of care，let me hastily add．Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record．But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do．D．The most recent of these studies，published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes)．Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities．E．“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university．A reasonable assumption-don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?F．In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture．They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely．They scored higher on social interaction．G．But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’responses．“It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，”Dr．Robison explained．Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant．H．An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say,‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’”Dr．Robison said．What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”I．Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables---the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was---had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status．What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there．J．As l was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)K．Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?一here is a thought from Dr．Philip Sloane，a geriatrician (老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”L．Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to tum themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important．M．We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness．They have their ideas，too．A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out．But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.N．The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36．Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing for their parents．37．Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important．38．It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home．39．How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in．40．The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home．41．The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place．42．At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction．43．What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think．44．The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living．45．A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there．Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage．As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code．Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language．For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell．Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the k ind of thing a properly brought-up person would do．It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules．Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless．The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produ ced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌)．One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation．If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else．The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity．46．What does the author say about the threat of robots?A．It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers．B．It accompanies all machinery involving high technology．C．It Can be avoided if human values are translated into their language．D．It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated．47．What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A．They are aggressive．B．They are outgoing．C．They are ignorant．D．They are ill-bred．48．How do robots learn human values?A．By interacting with humans in everyday life situations．B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings．C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior．D．By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings．49．What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A．Keep a distance from possible dangers．B．Stop to seek advice from a human being．C．Trigger its built-in alarm system at once．D．Do sufficient testing before taking action．50．What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A．Determine what is moral and ethical．B．Design some large-scale experiments．C．Set rules for man-machine interaction．D．Develop a more sophisticated program．Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage．Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways．Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstandingpsychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible．Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger．Personality isn’t destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of ,your mental health．51．The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ．A．to see whether people’s personality affect s their life spanB．to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC．to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD．to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52．What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A．They have a good understanding of evolution．B．They are better at negotiating an agreement．C．They generally appear more resourceful．D．They are more likely to get over hardship．53．What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A．Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life．B．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times．C．Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D．Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity．54．What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A．Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers·B．People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner．C．Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’．D．Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55．What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A．Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span．B．Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health．C．Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is．D．Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle．Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions：For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2．乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part ⅡListening Comprehension（听力部分共有两套)四级第一套Section A1。

C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2。

A）Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.3。

B) Put calorie information on the menu.4。

A）They will be fined.C) They will get a warning。

5. D）Failure to integrate innovation into their business。

6. B）It is the creation of something new。

7. C) Its innovation culture。

Section B8。

D）He does not talk long on the phone。

9. B）Talk at length.10。

A) He thought it was cool。

11. C）It is childish and unprofessional。

12. B）He is unhappy with his department manager.13. A) His workload was much too heavy。

14。

C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15。

D）Talk to his boss in person first.Section C16. A）The importance of sleep to a healthy life。

17。

C) They get less and less sleep。

18. D）Their blood pressure will rise。

2016 年6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）解析Part I Writing【参考范文】June 18, 2016Dear Mom and Dad, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to you for your many years of selfless love and support. I want to let you know how much I love you and how much I appreciate all that you have given me. You support me not only materially but also spiritually. You have always encouraged me no matter how hard the endeavor. When I succeed, both of you are more excited than me, and you never stop motivating me to do better. When I fail, you always encourage me not to give up. Your encouragement is the best incentive for me to move on. Your selfless contribution made it possible for me to pass the college entrance examination with a high score. I cherish the familial affection you have shown me. I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t disappoint you. Love, JennyPart ⅢReading ComprehensionSection A【空词预测】第26、27、31 题填形容词第28 题填副词第29、30、33、35 题填动词第32、34 题填名词试题解析【话题分类】科技【文章大意】无线电子设备如iPad 正在越来越多地被应用到医院的诊疗当中，甚至医学院的课程当中，研究显示这些设备的应用有助于改善医生的工作环境，患者也容易了解自己的病情。

2016年6月英语四级真题及答案完整版(第三套)Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Dear Mary,I am delighted to tell you that I have passed the English exam held in our university.I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for the tremendous help you offered me when I had difficulty in the English exam.Initially, you recommended me some reference books, which I found pretty useful and practical in my English learning. Besides, you have encouraged me with your own experience—passing the National College Entrance Examination with a strong will. Your spirit inspired me greatly. Finally, you often helped me with my review work until midnight during those tough days. I would never pass the exam without your generous help.My thanks to you are beyond words. If you meet any difficulty in the future, please do not hesitate to let me know.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part II Listening ComprehensionNews 1:You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties—preparations for test personal problems and generally stress can rewrite a student’s sleep habits which can be bad for the body and for mind. Texas University is even offering a class called improving your sleep habits. People suffering from sleep loss are suffering increased risk from obesity 1.psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, a new study published in the journey “Learning and Memory”finds you are probably better sleeping than making last-minute preparations for your test. 200 hundred college kids were talked about unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learn the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later. 2.But they did much better after getting a good sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.1.What is the news report mainly about?2.What is the finding of the new study published in the journey learning and memory?News 2:Longquses, the late flights are over-crowing at airports have become a almost much-talked topic conversation in Britain, as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile, there are complains that the poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners’business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed the British airport authority, which runs 7 major airports, including the 3 main ones serving in London. (3)The competition commission is now to investigate whether theBritish airport authority needs to set off some the attacks. The idea is the competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the route cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, (4) but a lack of long-way internal capacity, which is addressing through a program of heading investment.Q3:What is the competition commission is going to investigate?Q4: What is the route cause of the poor service at British airport according to the British airport authority?News 3:She says Tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarettes and report the result. 5.The department of public health in Boston gather and make conclusions 1600 brains the can make contents 6.79 with young smokers that worries the department nature that in San Francisco 10 percent higher than it was 16 years ago. Which means that is easier than 7.big company has always insisted that they are frank with the customers about dangerous smokers with enough detail to make decision. However, one of studies. And will discuss the detail contents of their products.5.What do tobacco company do under the law6.What do we learn from the study by public health in Boston?7.What do we learn from the news report about big tobacco company?SectionBQuestion 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Conversation 1.Man: You know one thing that I want to ask you, it is greatly you have happy experiences of teaching in Indonesia and following are what you have just mentioned. What would you to recommend for students to not live in English speaking country? And you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about affecting but they want at least to communicate decently. How can we go about this?Woman: Yeah, it is really hard. That is the real struggle because right now (8) I do live in Holland but I really don’t socialize with those people. And my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There are much exposure that I want. All I need to do is to turn on the TV.Man: And reading also, right?Woman: Yeah, reading. There are plenty I can read and listen to. But for speaking, there really is no substitute for time to use and speak the language in a relaxed atmosphere. So I think that is really the challenge for people who live in a country (9)where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gush, what would I do? If I don’t have people here, (10) probably try to find a club? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles where it’s not. (11) It’s like a course, but really you just have a course leader, who is there sort of having a coaching guy and to help out. And you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.Q8: Where does the woman live rightnow?Q9:What does the woman say is the real challenge?Q10: What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language?Q11: What does the woman say about the study circles in Sweden?8 A) Holland B) Indonesia C) England D) Sweden9 A) Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch B) Acquiring the necessary ability to socializeC) Getting a coach who can offer real help D. Learning a language where it is not spoken10. A) practicing reading aloud as often as possibleB) Listening to languages programs on the radioC) Trying to speak it as much as one canD) Making friends with native speakers11. A) It provides opportunities for language practiceB) It trains young people’s leadership abilitiesC) It offers various courses with credit pointsD) It creates an environment for socializingQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Conversation2W: OK, Nathan, we are talking driving. Are there any rules you’d like to change?M: Sure, I want to change rules. I like the police to be strict with the rules. Like, if the people jump the traffic lights, i don’t know if why there is no camera under the traffic lights to stop people from doing that. Or there is speeding, it is very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.W: Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibilities in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point of producing the engines that is powerful enough to get 200 kilometers /h when the speed limit is only 100.M: Right. There is no speed limit in GermanyW; People there drive responsible, though. Often, people break the law simply because the law is there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive with their ability range. When they got speed limits, this creates situation actually present dangers on the road.M: Do you think Germans have better education on the personal responsibility when driving?W: Possibly, they have very good cars,M: Right.W: If you’ve got good cars and go at a high speed, it is very nice to do that.M: i still with care.W: so that is restriction that creates dangers sometimesMOKW: Obviously, when driving through residential areas where there is a school, you have help from speed policemanM; speed-bumpsW: yes, the speed-bumps, they help you to slow down.M: So you don’t think funding people is useful?W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.12. What do the speakers mainly talking about?13. What do you think the car manufacturers should do?14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?Section CPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Behind the cards register at store in downtown San Francisco. Sam Azar swipes his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. The store’s card beater fail to scan the card’s man-made script. Azar tried again and again, no luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a plastic black bag. He ripes one wear the plastic on the card and tried again. Success, the send was completed. I don’t know how it works. It just does, said Mr. Azar who learned the trick for another clerk. Therefore, the company that makes the store card reader would not confirm or deny that plastic bag trick worked. But it is one of the many low tech fixes for high tech failure that people went out engineering degrees have to discovered often out of destination and shared. Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. In postwar Japan, the economy is doing the great, so you could not use news items like household clears. Says Liti Katiyama, author of Yowaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyles and tricks. So people look for ways, today the Americans are finding their own tips and tricks malfunctioning devices with supplies simple as paper and glue. Some like Mr. Azar, plastic bags are open to argument as the holiday work, whether they really at work at all. But many tech can be explained by a little science.16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete his sale?18. What is today’s shaky economy likely to do?16. C .17. B. 18. APassage twoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things including help with improving graduates,financial support,forming and examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you are a graduate teaching assistant,your adviser may be your boss. Academic apartments vary in procedure for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or director of graduate studies serves to relive semester as a new student adviser. Then students select adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a adviser based on some distribution of departments advisers. Graduates you must have among differing departments Later students may have opportunity to select adviser they prefer. 20.In many cases,new graduate students can learn who advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing departmental office by asking information. 21 Graduation requires specifies of the number you must earn own average you must achieve and distribution of graduates you must have for among differing study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation, when you near the final, you will be completing graduation requirements. Since Some graduation requirements vary among the university. Youshould consult information, you should also direct to question or departmental office on academic adviser.19 what does the speaker say about procedures for assigning academic advisers?20 how can graduate students learn who their advisers are?21what does the speaker say about the graduation requirements?Passage ThreeQuestion 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Joly Hoberd is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places business and negative ways of these girls today. Joly has the Ph.D nutrition but more important, she has personal experience, her mother tell her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Joly has created several different presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable when asking questions or talking to her privately. She shows the pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explain how computers are used to make the women look even more often and beautiful than their lives. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She went on talks at issues and physical damage that can occur the result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and that notion the person sense of beauty must include more of person ways. Sometimes Joly feels that shesucceeds persuading some students to cease dieting and other times she feels that she fails.22. A) Ph.D. Candidates in dieting B) Students majoring in nutritionC) Students in health classes D) Middle and high school teachers23. A) its emphasis on thinners B) it changes the criteria for beautyC) Its mistaken conception of nutrition D) its overestimate of the effect of dieting.24. A) to demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on womenB) to explain how computer images can be misleadingC) to prove that technology has impacted our cultureD) to illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.25. A)to help students rid themselves of bad living habitsB) to establish an emotional connection with studentsC) to promote her own concept of beautyD) to persuade girls to stop dieting.答案：1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.8. D)He does not talk long on the phone.9.B) talk at length.10.A) He thought it was cool.11.C) It is childish and unprofessional.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.26正确答案O(tend)27正确答案A (attendance)28正确答案L (performance)29正确答案K (particularly)30正确答案N (survive)31正确答案E (dropping)32正确答案J (mutually)33正确答案H (flow)34正确答案F (essential)35正确答案I (mood)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, TOO[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility-a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)?Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[c] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in the journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types.”Said the lead author of the study. Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in resident’s responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,”Dr. Robinson explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who described herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experience. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much betteroff,’”Dr. Robinson said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how we are supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician (老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina: “In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L]Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,”Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M]We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N]The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37. Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38. It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42. At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43. What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44. The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45. A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.答案36 EMany people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37LThough it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38BIt is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39HHow a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40NThe author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41JThe system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42FAt first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43CWhat kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44IThe findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45GA resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children, “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A) They are aggressive. C) They are ignorant.B) They are outgoing. D) They are ill-bred.48. How do robots learn human values?A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D) By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A) Keep a distance form possible dangers.。