湖南省长郡中学2011届高三第四次月考(word版)生物

湖南省长郡中学2012届高三第四次月考生物试题本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

时量90分钟，满分100分。

第I卷选择题（共50分）一、选择题（共50小题，每小题1分，共50分）1．在观察藓类叶片细胞的叶绿体形态与分布、植物根尖细胞的有丝分裂和花生子叶脂肪的鉴定三个实验中，下列哪一项是它们的共同点（）A．实验全过程使实验对象保持活性B．适当提高温度将使实验结果更加明显C．都需要对实验材料进行染色D．都要使用高倍显微镜观察2．右图是高等生物多聚核糖体肽链的合成过程，下列有关该过程的说法正确的是（）A．该图表示翻译的过程，图中核糖体从左向右移动B．多聚核糖体合成的多条肽链在氨基酸的排列顺序上互不相同C．若合成某条肽链时脱去了100分子的水，则该肽链中至少含有102个氧原子D．该图所示的过程完成后，还需要内质网和高尔基体加工3．下列有关酶的叙述中，除哪一项外都是错误的（）A．所有酶都含有C、H、O、N四种元素B．强酸、强碱或高温，低温都会使酶永久失活C．酶只能在细胞内起催化作用D．人体内酶的合成都需要核糖体参与4．关于豌豆细胞有丝分裂过程中相关细胞器作用的叙述，正确的一项是（）A．在间期，核糖体上合成DNA的聚合酶B．在前期，由中心粒发出星射线形成纺锤体C．在中期，线粒体为DNA的复制提供能量D．在末期，高尔基体与赤道板形有关5．下图为动物机体的细胞凋亡及清除示意图。

据图分析，不正确的一项是（）A．①过程表明细胞调亡是特异性的，体现了生物膜的信息传递功能B．细胞凋亡过程中有新蛋白质合成，体现了基因的选择性表达C．凋亡相关基因是机体细胞固有的，在动物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用D．②过程中凋亡细胞被吞噬，表明细胞凋亡是细胞被动死亡过程6．一个处于后期的动物次级卵母细胞中有形态，大小两两相同的染色体14对，则该动物体细胞中的染色体组数，体细胞和卵细胞中的染色体数目分别是（）A．1、56、28 B．14、14、7 C．2、14、2 D．2、28、147．右边左图为基因型AABb的某动物进行细胞分裂示意图，相关判断错误的是（）A．此细胞为次级精母细胞或次级卵母细胞B．此细胞中基因a是由基因A经突变产生C．此细胞可能形成两种精子或一种卵细胞D．此动物体细胞内最多含有四个染色体组8．亲本黄色粒和绿色圆粒豌豆杂交，其子代表现的统计结果如右图所示，则杂交后代中不同于亲本表现型的个体所占的比例为（）A．1/3 B．1/4C．1/9 D．1/169．下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述中，正确的一项是（）A．噬菌体、大肠杆菌、酵母菌都含有DNA和RNAB．人体细胞内形成CO2的场所有细胞质基质和线粒体C．初级精母细胞、神经细胞能观察到染色体，且细胞核均具有全能性D．同一个体的不同细胞中，核酸分子不完全相同，蛋白质不完全相同10．对绿色植物细胞某细胞器组成成分进行分析，发现A、T、C、G、U五种碱基的相对含量分别约为35%、0.30%、20%、15%，则该细胞器能完成的生理活动是（）A．吸收氧气，进行需氧呼吸B．发出星射线，形成纺锤体C．结合mRNA，合成蛋白质D．吸收并转换光能，完成光合作用11．在肺炎双球菌的转化实验中，在培养有R型细菌的1、2、3、4四个试管中，依次分别加入从S型活细菌中提取的DNA、DNA和DNA酶、蛋白质、多糖，经过培养，检查结果发现试管内依然有R型细菌的是（）A．1、3和4 B．3和4 C．2、3和4 D．1、2、3和4 12．下列有关生物体遗传物质的叙述，正确的是（）A．豌豆的遗传物质主要是DNA B．酵母菌的遗传物质主要分布在染色体上C．T2噬菌体的遗传物质含有硫元素D．HIV的遗传物质水解产生4种脱氧核苷酸13．若1个35S标记的大肠杆菌被1个32P标记的噬菌体侵染，裂解后释放的所有噬菌体（）A．一定有35S可能有32P B．只有35SC．一定有32P，可能有35S D．只有32P14．用15N标记含有100个碱基对的DNA分子，其中有胞嘧啶50个，该DNA分子在14N的培养基中连续复制4次，其结果不可能是（）A．含有15N的DNA分子占1/8 B．含有14N的DNA分子占7/8C．复制结果共产生16个DNA分子D．复制过程中需要腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸600个15．下列关于DNA分子的叙述中，除哪一项外都是正确的（）A．磷酸和脱氧核苷酸交替连续排列构成DNA分子的基本骨架B．由一个DNA分子复制形成的两个子代DNA分子的分离往往与着丝点的分裂同时发生C．双链DNA分子中，若一条链（A+T）/（G+C）=b，则另一条链也有（A+T）/（G+C）=bD．DNA分子复制是在DNA连接酶的作用下将单个脱氧核苷酸连接成DNA分子的过程16．右图中各数字所指分别代表一种物质或结构，哪一种彻底水解的产物种类最多（）A．①B．②C．③D．④17．人类白化病和苯丙酮尿症是由于代谢异常引起的疾病，下图表示在人体代谢中产生这两类疾病的过程。

湖南省长沙长郡中学2015届高三上学期第四次月考生物试题时量：90分钟满分：90分本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

时量90分钟，满分90分。

第I卷选择题（共40分）一、选择题（每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个符合题目要求的。

将选出的正确答案填在答题卡上。

1～30每小题1分,31～35每题2分，共40分）1．埃博拉病毒是迄今发现的致死率最高的病毒之一，尚无有效治疗方法。

埃博拉病毒的潜伏期从2天到21天不等，目前感染埃博拉病毒的已知主要渠道是直接接触感染者的血液、分泌物及其他体液，或接触感染者的尸体。

下列有关病毒的叙述正确的是①病毒无细胞结构，一般由蛋白质和核酸构成②所有动植物的致病因子一定是病毒③埃博拉病毒可在实验室中用液体培养基培养④病毒在生物圈中的分布十分广泛⑤病毒是生命系统的最基本结构层次⑥病毒的遗传物质是DNA或RNAA．①③⑥I）．②③⑤C．①④⑥D．③④⑤2．生物膜对于维持细胞正常的结构、功能具有非常重要的作用，下列相关叙述不正确的是A．细胞膜的组成元素与核酸相似B．线粒体、叶绿体、高尔基体等都是具膜结构的细胞器C．细胞的融合、细胞的变形运动以及胞吞、胞吐等与细胞膜的结构特性密切相关D．如果用单层磷脂分子构成的脂球体来包裹某种药物，则该药物应该属于水溶性的3．有两瓶酵母菌培养液，A瓶中含有32 P，I3瓶中含有弱S，将两份酵母菌分别置于A、B两瓶中培养一段时间，则在A、B瓶中都会带上放射性的细胞结构包括①染色体②线粒体③内质网④高尔基体⑤核糖体⑥细胞膜A．②③④⑥B．①②⑤C．②③④⑤⑥D．①②③④⑤⑥4．右图为电镜下观察的某细胞的一部分。

下列有关该细胞的叙述中，正确的是A．此细胞既可能是真核细胞也可能是原核细胞I）．此细胞既可能是动物细胞也可能是植物细胞C．结构1、2、4、5、6均是由生物膜构成D．胸腺嘧啶参与碱基互补配对的有1和35．有一条多肽链，分子式为CxHyOpNqS，将它彻底水解后，只得到下列四种氨基酸：分析推算可知，水解得到的氨基酸个数为A．p-l B．q+-1 C．q—1 D．p+16．下图是油菜种子在发育和萌发过程中，糖类和脂肪的变化曲线。

某某省雅礼中学2011届高三第四次月考生物试题本试题卷包括选择题、非选择题两部分。

时量90分钟，满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（共50分）一、选择题（本卷共40小题，1～30每小题1分，31～40每小题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列属于分离现象假说要点的是（）①生物的性状是由遗传因子决定的②生殖细胞中遗传因子是成对存在的③生物体在形成生殖细胞时，成对的遗传因子彼此分离，分别进入不同的配子中④受精时，雌雄配子的结合是随机的A．①②③④B．①②③C．①③④D．②③④2．某雄果蝇体内控制三对相对性状的等位基因A、a、B、b、C、c分别位于三对常染色体上，该果蝇产生的六个精细胞的基因型分别为abc、AbC、abC、ABC、AbC、ABc，这些精细胞至少来自几个精原细胞（不考虑交叉互换）（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个3．下列关于有性生殖及遗传规律的叙述，正确的是（）A．每个卵子细胞继承了初级卵母细胞1/4的细胞质B．若人的精子细胞核中DNA为n，则体细胞中的DNA为2nC．孟德尔两大定律体现在有性生殖过程中D．细胞质基因的遗传遵循孟德尔两大定律4．一对同卵胞胎姐妹分别与一对同卵双胞胎兄弟结婚，其中一对夫妇第一胎所生的男孩红绿色盲，第二胎所生的女孩色觉正常；另一对夫妇第一胎生的女孩患红绿色盲，第二胎生的男孩色觉正常，若该对夫妇再生第三胎，正常概率为（）A．3/4 B．1/2 C．1 D．2/35．已知果蝇的灰身与黑身是一对相对性状（显性基因用A表示，隐性基因用a表示）；直毛与分叉毛是一对相对性状（显性基因用B表示，隐性基因用b表示）。

两只果蝇杂交，子代表现型及比例如下表所示，以下分析正确的是（）表现型比例性别灰身直毛黑身直毛灰身分叉毛黑身分叉毛雌蝇3414雄蝇38183818A．两对相对性状中，黑身对灰身为显性，直毛对分叉毛为显性B．控制直毛、分叉毛的基因位于常染色体上C．控制灰身、黑身的基因位于X染色体上D．子代表现型为灰身直毛的雌蝇中，纯合子与杂合子的比例为1：56．右图中横坐标1、2、3、4表示某种哺乳动物（2n）在有性生殖过程某些时期的细胞。

大联考长郡中学2024届高三月考试卷(四)生物学参考答案一、单项选择题(本题共12小题, 每小题2 分,共24分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

)1 . C 【解析工"模式生物" 中的噬菌体属于细菌病毒, 没有细胞结构, 需要寄生在活细胞内才能表现出生命活动, 不能在普通培养基上培养,需要用宿主的活细胞培养;单细胞生物依靠单个细胞完成各项生命活动,多细胞生物通过各种分化的细胞完成各项生命活动, 所以 "模式生物" 的研究都能体现细胞是生命活动的基本单位, A、B 错误, C 正确; 除噬菌体外, "模式生物" 的细胞具有相似的结构, 能体现细胞的统一性, "模式生物" 的细胞各种各样, 也体现了细胞的多样性, D错误。

2 . D 【解析】如图显示在不同强度体育运动时, 骨骼肌消耗的糖类和脂类的相对量, 当运动强度较低时, 主要利用脂肪酸供能; 当运动强度中等时, 主要供能物质是肌糖原, 其次是脂肪酸; 当运动强度较高时, 主要利用肌糖原供能。

随着运动强度的增大, 为骨骼肌供能的脂肪酸越来越少、葡萄糖略有增加, 脂肪先增多后减少, A错误;在剧烈运动过程中, 骨骼肌细胞既进行有氧呼吸, 又进行产生乳酸不产生CO2 的无氧呼吸, 因此, 在剧烈运动过程中, 骨骼肌细胞释放的CO2 量等于吸收的O2 量, B错误; 骨骼肌细胞有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸过程中, 第一阶段是相同的, 可见有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸过程中催化反应的酶不是完全不同, C错误; 在不同条件下, 催化丙酮酸分解或转化的酶不同, 如有氧条件下丙酮酸进入到线粒体中彻底氧化分解, 在无氧条件下可转变成乳酸, 因此, 能说明不同的酶可作用于同一底物, D 正确。

3 . B 【解析依题意可知该实验的原理为: 当外界溶液浓度低于细胞液浓度时, 细胞吸水, 使外界溶液浓度升高, 导致乙组蓝色小液滴下降; 当外界溶液浓度高于细胞液浓度时, 细胞失水, 使外界溶液浓度降低, 导致乙组蓝色小液滴上升; 当外界溶液浓度等于细胞液浓度时, 细胞水分进出平衡, 外界溶液浓度不变, 导致乙组蓝色小滴扩散。

湖南长郡中学2011届高三第四次月考生物试题（考试范围：必修1．必修2，必修3第1～2章）本试题卷包括选择题、非选择题两部分，共8页。

时量90分钟。

满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（共50分）一、选择题（共40道题，共50分。

其中1～30题，每小题1分，31～40题，每小题2分）1．下列疾病中，由病毒引起的是（）A．白化病B．麻风病C．结核病D．狂犬病2（）A．①③B．②③C．①④D．②④3．右图表示呼吸作用过程中葡萄糖分解的两个途径。

酶1、酶2和酶3依次分别存在于（）A．线粒体、线粒体和细胞质基质B．线粒体、细胞质基质和线粒体C．细胞质基质、线粒体和细胞质基质D．细胞质基质、细胞质基质和线粒体4．关于叶肉细胞在光照条件下产生ATP的描述，正确的是（）A．无氧条件下，光合作用是细胞ATP的唯一来源B．有氧条件下，线粒体、叶绿体和细胞质基质都能产生ATPC．线粒体和叶绿体合成A TP都依赖氧D．细胞质中消耗的A TP均来源于线粒体和叶绿体5．提取肝细胞的线粒体为实验材料，向盛有线粒体的试管中加入等物质量的以下物质，其中耗氧量最大的是（）A．麦芽糖B．丙酮酸C丙酮酸和葡萄糖D．葡萄糖6．右图是探究小鼠在不同温度下呼吸速率（用单位时间的耗氧量表示）的实验装置，打开夹子A，可使水检压计左右水平，关闭夹子A，用注射器向广口瓶中注入5mL氧气，水检压计左侧液面升高，记录左右液面重新水平时所用的时间。

下列说法除哪项外都是正确的（）A．用注射器向广口瓶中注入5mL氧气后要立刻关闭夹子BB．测定小鼠的呼吸速率需要在它安静的状态下进行C．小鼠在25℃时的呼吸速率高于10℃时的呼吸速率D．氢氧化钠的作用是排除呼吸产生的CO2对实验结果的干扰7．下列实例中，与植物细胞呼吸强度变化有关的是A．小麦白天和夜晚的吸水量有一定的差异B．番茄白天和夜晚对Ca2+的吸收量有一定的差异C．水稻白天对K+和对Ca2+的吸收量有一定的差异D．甘蔗白天吸水量增多，而吸收P的量并不成比例增加8．右图为显微镜下某植物细胞在30%蔗糖溶液中的示意图。

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2018届高三上学期第四次月考生物试题第Ⅰ卷选择题（共36分）一、选择题（本大题共30小题，1〜24题，每小题1分，25〜30题，每小题2分，共36分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求的。

）1.组成细胞的元素和化合物是生命活动的物质基础，下列关于细胞内元素和化合物的叙述，正确的是A.组成活细胞的主要元素中C的含量最高，因此C是细胞内最基本的元素B.氨基酸脱水缩合产生的H20中的H全部来自氨基C.激素可作为信息分子影响细胞的代谢活动，但激素并不都是蛋白质D.在人的一生中，细胞中的自由水结合水的值逐渐上升2.下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述错误的是A.低温环境会影响物质的主动运输速率，但不影响被动运输B.在顺浓度情况下，葡萄糖可以通过协助扩散进入细胞C.土壤板结会影响植物根细胞膜转运K+速率D.物质跨膜运输体现了细胞膜的选择透过性3.近年，埃博拉病毒肆虐非洲西部。

感染该病毒的重度患者状如“活死人”，下列有关埃博拉病毒的叙述中错误的是A.培养埃博拉病毒的培养基中应该含有氨基酸、葡萄糖等有机物B.埃博拉病毒不属于生命系统，但其增殖离不开活细胞C.埃博拉病毒只有一种类型的核酸D.埃博拉病毒的组成元素中一定含有C、H、0、N、P4.人体感染链球菌等细菌后可致急性肾小球肾炎，患者体内存在抗原一抗体复合物，并出现蛋白尿。

下列叙述正确的是A.用双缩脲试剂检测蛋白尿，需水浴加热方可呈现出紫色B.患者血浆蛋白减少使血浆渗透压升高，可出现组织水肿C.链球菌的抗原由核糖体合成并经高尔基体运输至细胞膜D.内环境中形成的抗原一抗体复合物可被吞噬细胞吞噬消化5.研究发现，砷（As)可以富集在植物体内，转化为毒性很强的金属有机物，影响水稻的株高、根长和干重。

加P处理后水稻茎叶和根中P含量增加、As含量相对减少，水稻生长加快，干重增加。

对此现象不合理的解释是A.As进入水稻细胞，可能会导致有关酶失去活性，影响细胞代谢B.As在水稻细胞内富集，由细胞膜的结构特点决定C.P可能影响As的吸收，与细胞膜上的载体种类和数量有关D.P是构成磷脂、核酸和ATP的重要元素，能促进水稻生长发育6.血清白蛋白合成于肝脏，是人血浆中含量最丰富的蛋白质；血红蛋白合成于未成熟的红细胞，是人成熟红细胞中最丰富的蛋白质。

1．细胞核是细胞代谢和遗传的“控制中心”，相关叙述正确的是A．核内存在易被酸性染料染成深色的物质B．核内的RNA能够传递和表达遗传倍息C．小分子物质可以通过核孔，大分子物质不能D．当细胞衰老时，其细胞核的体积会增大【答案】D【解析】真核细胞的细胞核结构包括核膜、核孔、核仁、染色质等，染色质是极细的丝状物，因容易被碱性染料染成深色而得名，A错误；核内的DNA能够传递和表达遗传信息，B错误；原则上分子直径较小的物质可通过核孔，大分子物质如酶或mRNA也能通过核孔，C错误；衰老细胞的持怔之一是细胞核体积增大，核膜内折，染色质收缩、染色加深，D正确。

【考点定位】细胞核的结构和功能【名师点睛】细胞核包括核膜（将细胞核内物质与细胞质分开）、染色质（DNA和蛋白质）、核仁（与某种RNA（rRNA）的合成以及核糖体的形成有关）、核孔（核膜上的核孔的功能是实现核质之间频繁的物质交换和信息交流）；细胞核是遗传物质贮存和复制的场所，是细胞遗传和代谢的控制中心。

2．下列有关植物激素的生理功能及调节的叙述，正确的是A．用适宜浓度的赤霉素浸泡种子可促进种子萌发B．顶端优势是由于侧芽产生生长素过多引起的C．乙烯可以促进植物种子的形成和果实的发育D．茎的向光性说明生长素生理作用具有两重性【答案】A【解析】赤霉素能促进细胞伸长，促进种子萌发，A正确；顶端优势是由于顶芽产生生长素向下运输，大量积累在侧芽，使侧芽生长受抑制而引起的，B错误；乙烯促进果实成熟，C错误；茎的向光性是背光一侧生长快，向光一测生长慢,即生长素在向光侧和背光侧均起促进作用，故不能说明生长素的作用具有两重牲，D错误。

【考点定位】植物激素的生理功能及调节【名师点睛】植物生长素的调节具有两重性，其他植物激素没有此特点；生长素浓度增高到一定程度会促进乙烯的合成，而乙烯含量的增高，反过来会抑制生长素促进生长的作用；植物在生长发育和适应环境变化的过程中，各种激素并不是孤立地起作用，而是多种激素相互作用共同调节；脱落酸能够促进种子的休眠，赤霉素能促进种子的萌发。

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考卷（四）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The following are a series of new parks that have opened around the world in the last two years.Katmandu Park, Punta Cana, Dominican RepublicOpened in March 2023 on the east coast of the Dominican Republic, the park is full of mystery. According to legend, explorer Kilgore Goode was on an adventure through Nepal when he came across the “Desirata” jewel, protected by a fierce yeti(雪人).Tickets from $120 for adults; $85 for children.Ghibli Park, JapanLocated outside of Nagoya, Japan, Ghibli Park opened in late 2022. Within the 17.5 forested ground of the Expo 2005, guests will find five areas that recreate several animated(栩栩如生的)famous scenes.Tickets from $15 for adults; $7.50 for children.Peppa Pig Theme Park, FloridaThe world’s first Peppa Pig Theme Park opened in 2022 in Winter Haven, Florida, and has been delighting children ever since. Dedicated to the classic British animated TV show, where little Peppa has everyday adventures with her friends and family, the 4.5-acre park welcomes pint-sized guests with well-designed, multi-sensory activities across six playscapes.Tickets from $34 for adults; $25 for children.Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park, MalaysiaLocated within Resorts World Genting, about an hour’s drive from Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park opened in February 2022. Across the 26-acre park, which cost $800 million and took nearly 10 years to create, visitors will find 26 attractions across nine areas inspired by movies and explorations.Tickets from $34 for adults; $29 for children.1．How much will the Smiths with their two children pay to visit Ghibli Park?A．$30.B．$37.5.C．$45.D．$118.2．What can we know about Genting SkyWorlds Theme Park?A．It is located in Asia.B．It has been opened for ten years.C．It is the biggest theme park in the world.D．It has nine attractions in all.3．What do the four parks have in common?A．They were all built in the same year.B．They are all involved in adventures.C．They all took a long time to create.D．They are all family-friendly parks.At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family. “I come with a positive attitude,” Devonte said. “I treat everybody with smile. I also love to see everybody smile.” His kindness affected Kayzen. “Devonte is just a really nice person,” he explained. “Really good guy. Super nice to everyone he meets.”After a year of contact, the child’s family learned the truth behind Devonte’s bright smile. Devonte, his wife, and their two young daughters have been living in a cheap motel for the past eight months. Their former apartment was filled with bugs and had black mold(黑霉), which made his kids sick. Every cent Devonte makes goes toward keeping his children fed, clothed, and housed, and the struggle was overwhelming. Since he can’t afford a car, he also walks to and from work every day. Even so, he showed up at work every day with a smile on his face, ready to serve and make friends with customers like Kayzen.Kayzen knew right away that he wanted to help his friend. He went home and told his mom, Vittoria Hunter, that he wanted to start a GoFundMe to help Devonte get money for a new car.“Devonte is one of the most joyous and positive people you’ve ever met!” Vittoria and Kayzen wrote on the GoFundMe. “He always greets us with the biggest smile. I hope you will help me spread kindness in the world. ” Their initial goal was $5,000, but word quickly spread in their community. The GoFundMe currently sits at over $100,000!4．Why are Kayzen and his family mentioned in paragraph 1?A．To explain the importance of a smile.B．To show the great popularity of the restaurant.C．To introduce the main character of the text.D．To present the relationship of characters.5．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The influence of Devonte’s smile on Kayzen.B．The tough situation of Devonte and his family.C．The reason why Devonte always wears a smile.D．The process and result of Kayzen’s investigation.6．What motivated Kayzen to start the GoFundMe?A．Devonte’s positive attitude.B．Devonte’s financial struggle.C．Devonte’s love for seeing smiles.D．Devonte’s relationship with his family. 7．Which of the following can best describe both Devonte and Kayzen?A．Sociable and positive.B．Stressful but optimistic.C．Helpful and kind-hearted.D．Unfortunate but warm-hearted.Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them. The robotic hand accomplished these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function: detect whether an object is touching it or not.What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors affixed to a small area of the robotic hand, primarily at the fingertips.The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without stalling or losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.The researchers are now working on extending their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle, for example. “If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,” said one of the researchers.8．What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean?A．Remove.B．Control.C．Recognize.D．Distribute.9．What can we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand?A．They are quite expensive.B．They are mainly in its fingertips.C．They perform complex tasks.D．They cover most of its area.10．Why is the toy rubber duck difficult for a robotic hand to rotate?A．It’s never been seen by robots.B．It has an unusual shape.C．It has a unique smell.D．It can damage robots.11．What are researchers probably focusing on at present?A．Upgrading robotic hand skills.B．Diversifying robotic hand shapes.C．Developing more new research tasks.D．Seeking new ways to develop robots.A new museum in Mexico aims to educate the public about the critically endangered salamander (蝾螈). The museum recently opened at Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City.The salamander is native only to Mexico. The animal is extremely endangered in the wild because its natural environment is increasingly threatened. The salamander has captured wide attention for its ability to heal itself when its body gets harmed. For example, the animal can regrow legs and damaged tissue. It can even repair problems affecting the heart and brain. Scientists have also documented how the salamander can breathe with lungs and gills. It can also take in oxygen through its skin. This can cause problems if the animal comes in contact with polluted water.“They are one of the few animals that can regenerate their skin, muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, heart and brain,” said Gual, a conservation official at the zoo. Speaking aboutthe museum, Gual said he sees it as a valuable tool to inform citizens about the unusual creature. “A hugely important part of this space is environmental education,” he said.In the past, salamanders did very well in Xochimilco’s muddy canals. The canals are the only remaining part of a once large waterway system dating back to Aztec times. But studies have shown the spread of cities, polluted water and non-native fish that eat the salamanders have led to their near-total collapse.As the museum opened to its first visitors, the salamander’s popularity with the public was very clear. “The truth is I’m very, very, very, very excited to be able to see how they eat, how they live, just how they are,” said one visitor named Fernando. The man, who did not want to give his last name, showed off a small salamander tattoo he had on his arm. “I’m marked for life,” he said.12．What makes salamanders gain considerable attention?A．Their ability to cure themselves.B．Their being in extreme danger in the wild.C．Their ability to breathe with all organs.D．Their serious habitat loss.13．What can we know about salamanders in paragraph 4?A．Their previous condition.B．Their favorite habitats.C．Reasons for their being endangered.D．Their advantages over other animals. 14．What’s Fernando’s attitude towards visiting the new museum?A．Confused.B．Delighted.C．Worried.D．Curious.15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．A New Museum in Mexico Is Open to Animal LoversB．More and More Wildlife Is Endangered in MexicoC．Endangered Animals Should Be Protected in the MuseumD．A Museum Aims to Help Save Endangered Salamanders二、七选五you develop your own design style and give you the opportunity to work with other aspiring designers.The fashion industry is one of the most creative and competitive industries in the world.17 To be successful in this industry you need to have a strong creative vision, be able to identify trends and have the ability to translate your ideas into wearable designs.18 They will also give you an insight into the industry, what it is like to work asa fashion designer, and the different career paths that you can take.There are many different courses in fashion design available, so it is important to choose one that is right for you. Look for a course that will teach you about the different aspects of fashion design, from sketching and pattern-making to garment construction and fabric manipulation. 19 This will ensure that you are learning from people who understand the industry and can give you insider tips and advice.Fashion design courses are important not only for those looking to enter the fashion industry but also for those who want to expand their knowledge of fashion. The skills learned in these courses can be applied to other areas of life, such as helping you to dress better for your professional life or improving your sense of style. If you are interested in fashion and want to learn more about it, then taking a course in fashion design is a great way to do this.20A．Fashion design is about making clothes.B．They can teach you about the history and theory of fashion.C．A career in fashion design can be rewarding but also challenging.D．Courses in fashion design can help you develop all of these skills.E．Courses in fashion design can be found at many different colleges and universities.F．It is also important to find a course that is taught by experienced fashion designers.G．It can also be a lot of fun and you might even make some great friends along the way.三、完形填空Zhang Yuan, living in a small mountain village, is a hardworking fellow. He is alwaysanything, simply enjoying the beauty of the moment. Zhang understood that the butterfly’s stillness (宁静) was what26 it to obey the universe. From that moment on, Zhang made it his 27 to develop stillness in his own mind. Every day he spent hours meditating and 28 all his anxieties. Soon, Zhang found the journey towards stillness was a long and 29 one. But he made up his mind to 30 on this path. He believed that with patience and 31 he could also experience the beauty of obeying the universe just like the butterfly did. As he continued to 32 , he came to understand life is too short to worry about things beyond 33 and that everyone should 34 what they already have. With this newfound understanding, he was 35 to find peace and satisfaction in every moment.21．A．release B．explore C．clarify D．define 22．A．dancing B．singing C．kicking D．working 23．A．secretly B．effortlessly C．cautiously D．frequently 24．A．imagined B．confirmed C．predicted D．realized 25．A．struggle B．agree C．refuse D．hesitate 26．A．forced B．allowed C．required D．advised 27．A．hobby B．profession C．mission D．honor 28．A．making up for B．looking down on C．putting up with D．letting go of 29．A．difficult B．different C．magical D．strange 30．A．observe B．think C．learn D．continue 31．A．confidence B．determination C．honesty D．gratitude 32．A．move B．share C．practice D．research 33．A．belief B．description C．control D．recognition 34．A．accept B．keep C．abandon D．treasure 35．A．proud B．willing C．anxious D．able四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2011届长郡中学理科综合能力测试（四）3.30时量:150分钟满分:300分命题人：李龙军肖斌武常斌生物部分本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至4页，第II卷4至12页。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Zn 65第I卷选择题（共126分）―、选择题(本题共13小题,每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1．下列有关生物学事实，叙述正确的是（）A．大肠杆菌和T2噬菌体的根本区别是有无成形的细胞核B．麦芽糖水解产生的葡萄糖和果糖均有还原性C．维生素D可优先通过细胞膜扩散到细胞内部，这主要与细胞膜上含有较多的相应载体有关D．精子和卵细胞相互接触完成受精作用的过程体现了细胞间的信息交流2．图1表示夏天某一晴天一昼夜中某棉花植株CO2的吸收和释放曲线；图2表示该棉花叶肉细胞两种细胞器的四种生理活动状态。

则图1中时间a．b．c．d对应生理活动表示最准确的一组依次是（）A．①②③④ B．④③②① C．④②③①D．③④②①3．下图甲、乙是果蝇细胞分裂过程的有关图像，据图下列说法正确的是（）A．甲中图I表示的细胞中有8条染色体、4个染色体组；图Ⅱ表示的细胞中无同源染色体B．甲中图Ⅲ可能是4个精细胞，也可能是1个卵细胞和3个极体C．若在乙图中A点将核DNA用同位素标记，则在GH段可检测到有放射性的脱氧核苷酸链占50％D．图中L点→M点所示过程的进行，与细胞膜的流动性有关45．叙述中属于体液免疫的是（）①注射禽流感病毒疫苗，使机体产生抗体，与入侵的禽流感病毒结合，抑制病毒的活性②溶菌酶在人体内使禽流感病毒失去感染人体细胞的能力③效应T细胞与靶细胞密切接触，导致靶细胞裂解，释放禽流感病毒④形成沉淀，使禽流感病毒失去感染人体细胞的能力⑤将患病的家禽深埋处理A．①④ B．②④⑤ C．②③④ D．①②④6．某地的一个生态养殖大棚里，水底爬着螃蟹，水面漂浮着无土栽培的某种蔬菜，而水面上方，黄瓜藤枝枝蔓蔓。