外刊选读business terms汇总

外刊经贸知识选读Translate the following phrases into Chinese: Compensation trade补偿贸易Net exporter净出口国Department store百货商店Economic projection经济预测White Paper白皮书Spin off副产品Base metals贱金属Technology transfer技术转让Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Saturation point饱和点Trade balance贸易差额Areas of trade贸易区North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定Current account常常项目Free trade zone自由贸易区European Union欧洲联盟Growth rate增加率Contractual conflict契约性的矛盾EEC欧洲经济一起体Portfolio investment证券投资Per capita income人均收入De-inflationary policies反通胀政策The Single Market统一大市场Business investment商业投资Exclusive contract独家代理协议The Gulf region海湾地域GNP国民生产总值Budget deficit贸易赤字Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Barter trade易货贸易Foreign trade对外贸易The Special Economic Zone经济特区Natural resources自然资源Per capita income人均收入Trade priority贸易优先权Carbon tax双重税Import targets入口指标Credit guarantee货款担保人Accountancy service会计效劳National sovereignty国家主权Balance of payments国际收支差额Customs duties关税Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Primary commodity price低级产品价钱Trade surplus贸易顺差Top priority第一优先Hard currency硬通货Technology transfer技术转让Public funds国家资金Sliding price浮动价钱Debt restructuring债务调整Net exporter净出口国Wet market生肉、鱼、禽、蛋市场The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关贸总协定Market forces市场力量Petrochemical complex石油化学企业Tax breaks税额优惠Import targets入口指标Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade barrier贸易壁垒Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Imports of capital资本入口Gross national product国民生产总值Domestic demand国内需求Trade barrier贸易壁垒Current-account常常项目Domestic policy内政Debtor nations债务国Snack food小吃Financial instrument金融证券Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Technical transformation技术改造Free market自由市场Holding company控股公司A chamber of commerce商会Bargain basement廉价部Trade fairs贸易展览会Trade volume贸易量Service industry效劳业Capital stock实际资本Capital equipment资本设备High-tech economy高科技经济Semiconductor chips半导体集成电路芯片Electronic commerce电子商务Process a loan办理贷款手续Retail sale零售Make way for为——让路Liquid assets流动资产Developing countries进展中国家Precious metals贵金属Discount rate贴现率Securities有价证券Spot market现货市场Transfers component资本转移部份Trade barrier贸易壁垒Net assets净资产Barrier-free market无壁垒市场Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade inventories贸易库存Nominal dollar terms名义美元价Unfair trade不平等交易Exclusive contract独家经销合同Per capita income人均收入Long-term strategy长期战略GATT关税及贸易总协定Financial crisis金融危机Trade representative商务代表Physical market现货市场Financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定Sovereignty dispute主权争端Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产/流动资金A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Countervailing duty反补助税Debt service利息付款Liquid assets易于变卖的资产Good resistance强阻力Current account常常项目Cash crops经济作物GNP国民生产总值De-inflationary policy反通货政策Equivalent value对等价值Industrialization programme工业化项目National income国民收入Volume of foreign trade对外贸易额Visible trade account有形贸易收支Invisible trade account无形贸易收支Growth rate增加率Foreign exchange外汇Trade fairs贸易展览会Production goods生产资料Customs duties关税Capital stock实际资本Infrastructure基础设施Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Customer goods消费品Saturation point饱和点Showpiece优秀样品Industrial crops经济作物Gross national product国民生产总值Economic power经济强国Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Securities and real-estate markets证券及房地产市场Conglomerate跨行业公司Commercial hub商业活动中心Per capita人均Portfolio investment证券投资Nominal terms名义价Constant terms不变价Debt restructuring债务调整Trade sanctions贸易制裁General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定Trade surplus贸易顺差Trade agreement贸易协定Government procurement政府采购North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定European Community欧洲一起体European Union欧洲联盟The Single Market统一大市场Free-trade zone自由贸易区Plant modernization工厂现代化European integration欧洲一体化Obtain access to a market取得进入一个市场的机遇Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade representative 贸易代表Import targets入口指标Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Multilateral rules多边规那么Quantifiable results定量结果Conglomerate联合大企业Joint venture合伙企业Leviathan zaibatsu大财团Interest rates利率The lion’s share最大的份额Antidumping反倾销Loss leader赔本出售的商品Carbon tax双重税OPEC石油输出国组织The Gulf region海湾地域CECF中国出口商品交易会GATT关税及贸易总协定Market forces市场力量Countervailing duty反补助税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in service效劳贸易Common Agriculture Policy一起农业政策Barter易货贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Debt service归还贷款Countertrade对等贸易Counter purchase反向购买Debtor nations债务国Creditor nations债权国Reformulation从头配方Security有价证券Franchise特许经销权wholesaler批发商retailer零售商promote sales促销商品USDA美国农业部Luck draw幸运抽奖Spin-offs副产品，副作用Liquid assets流动资金Surplus produce生产多余Financial futures期货Currency movements货币流通Inflation通货膨胀Firm坚挺Buoyant活跃Steady坚稳Quiet清淡Stagnant停滞Heavy很呆滞Easy疲软Irregular涨落不定Erratic反复无常Irregular lower曲折下降Uncertain捉摸不定Translate the following phrases into English:贱金属base metals贵金属precious metals呆滞dull贴现率discount rate现货市场spot market欧共体European Economic Community期货市场futures market伦敦五金交易所London Metal Exchange超级市场supermarket增加出口打算Export Enhancement Program快餐店fast food shops贸易结构structure of trade咸鸭蛋preserved duck eggs茶鸡蛋eggs cooked in salt and tea leaves价钱指数price index软商品soft commodities削价战price-cutting war投资基金investment funds出口配额制度export quota system国际金融机构the international financial institution 货币贮存currency reserves国际货币基金the International Monetary Fund货币互换currency exchange 多边贸易multilateral trade清算协定Clearing Agreements补偿协定Compensation Agreements优惠券coupons独家经销合同exclusive contract试销市场test market独家代理协议exclusive contract基础设施infrastructure征收入口附加税impose import surcharge 商会chamber of commerce再出口reexports产地证明书certificate of origin据保守估量on a conservative estimate形成一种要挟pose a threat经济增大economic growth乌拉圭回合谈判the Uruguay round talk世界贸易组织the World Trade Organization 农业爱惜farm protection治理贸易managed trade贸易差额trade balance白皮书white paper双边顺差bilateral surplus年增加率annual growth rate投资资本investment capital税额优惠tax breaks金融体制financial system禁运embargo经济自由化economic liberalization贸易优先权trade priority贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession经济一体化economic integration政治一体化political integration无壁垒市场barrier-free market经济利益economic benefits贸易顺差trade surplus资本转移部份transfers component预算赤字budget deficit利率interest rate低级产品价钱primary commodity price七国集团the Group of Seven工人侨汇worker’s remittance优先权preferred status关税及贸易总协定General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product竞争优势competitive advantage贸易集团trade bloc新兴企业newly-rising enterprises集装箱工厂container plant 国际财团Consortium反弹bounce back自由市场free market补偿贸易compensation trade合伙企业joint venture常常项目current account打算经济planned economy出口定额export quota增加点growth point高科技产业high-tech industries经济特区the Special Economic Zone所得税税率income tax rate技术改造technical transformation技术转让technology transfer资本设备capital equipment优惠税率preferential tax rate资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 合作企业cooperative enterprise资本入口imports of capital效劳业service industry外汇管制foreign exchange control反向贸易counter trade省会provincial capital竞争优势competitive advantage经济局面economic dimensions内部融资internal financing中波medium wave期货financial futures燃气轮机gas turbine资本货物capital goods资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 政府采购government procurement优惠税率preferential tax rate贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession贸易制裁trade sancitions核定资本authoried capital市场魅力market appeal广告词marketing messages利率interest rate竞争优势competitive advantage货币政策monetary policy曲折下降irregularly lower补偿贸易compensation trade出口定额export quota外汇管制foreign exchange control经济结构economic structure低级产品primary commodity工人侨汇workers’ remittance贸易体制trade framework 国家资金public funds国民收入national income入口限额import quota贸易公司trading companies硬通货hard currency固执己见stick by one’s guns自由贸易区free-trade zone产地证明书certificate of origin贸易差额trade balance合伙企业joint venture贸易集团trading block无形贸易收支invisible account所得税税率income tax rate证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets 预算赤字budget deficit净资产net assets家用电器consumer electronics贸易逆差trade deficit入口指标import targets财政一揽子打算fiscal packages资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment知识产权intellectual property right效劳贸易trade in services经济封锁economic blockade贸易限制trade restrictions国内需求domestic demand优先权preferred status反倾销antidumping出口经济export economy最大份额the lion’s share有形贸易visible trade有形贸易收支visible trade account 消费品consumer goods经济强国economic power商品市场commodity market初步协定preliminary agreements 坏账bad debts冒充产品pirate good债权国creditor nations自动售货机vending machine贫困地域distressed region外汇业务foreign exchange business 税率tax rate私营企业private business首席执行官Chief Executive Officer 赔本出售的商品loss leader容易被骗被骗的人fall guy贸易协定trade agreement贸易顺差trade surplus生产方式means of production 优惠税率preferential tax rate利润汇款profit-remittance出口经济export economy高科技公司high technology firm电路板circuit board销售总额gross sales把握——的线索keep track of强行推销hard sell国际货币基金组织the International Monetary Fund 工业原料industrial material高增加率high growth rate处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff收入指数income index每一年per annum赤字in deficit顺差in surplus海关税customs duties国民收入national income有形贸易收支visible trade account反补助税countervailing duty无形贸易收支invisible account利息付款debt service / interest payment外商独资sole foreign-funded技术转让technology transfer国内需求domestic demand出口导向export-oriented贸易差额trade balance产地证书certificate of origin期货市场futures market市场份额market share入口税import duties独家经销合同exclusive contract常常项目current account清算协议clearing agreement人均收入per capita income无壁垒市场barrier-free market双重税carbon tax房地产real estate试销test market知识产权intellectual property right商业周期business cycle国民收入national income国际收支balance of payments收盘价closing level处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff证券投资portfolio investment商品市场commodity market自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market 智囊团/顾问班子brain trust产地证明书certificate of origin 对等价值equivalent value市场份额market share供给欠缺short supply世界银行the World Bank资本货物capital goods生产力productive forces国内需求domestic demand外汇收入foreign exchange earnings 入口税customs duties有形贸易收支visible trade account 利润汇款profit-remittanceIn return for: 作为对~的互换Permit: 许诺Run-down: 减少，减缩Accelerate: 加速，增速Reinforce: 增强，增强By means of: 通过，借助于Concessionary: 优惠的，减让的Substantial: 可观的，大量的，相当数量的Exacerbated: 加重Deepened: 加深Stagnated: 停滞Deteriorated: 加重、恶化SEZ: the Special Economic Zone经济特区Equipped with: 用~装备，具有Cope with: （成功）应付，（妥帖）处置Preferential: 优惠的It will be some time before~: ~还需要一段时刻Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product is already two to three times too low.许多经济学家以为，对中国人均国民生产总值的标准估量太低了，实际应该是这数字的2到3倍。

商社中常使用的英语以下是一些常见的商社英语术语：1.Business Terms (商业术语): Corporation: 公司Partnership: 合伙企业Sole proprietorship: 独资企业Limited liability company (LLC): 有限责任公司Business plan: 商业计划Profit margin: 利润率Revenue: 收入Expenses: 费用Cash flow: 现金流Return on investment (ROI): 投资回报率2.Financial Terms (财务术语):Assets: 资产Liabilities: 负债Equity: 资本Balance sheet: 资产负债表Income statement: 损益表Cash flow statement: 现金流量表Budget: 预算Auditing: 审计Taxation: 税收Dividend: 股息3.Sales and Marketing Terms (销售与市场术语): Market research: 市场调查Target market: 目标市场Advertising: 广告Promotion: 促销Branding: 品牌塑造Customer relationship management (CRM): 客户关系管理Sales forecast: 销售预测Lead generation: 潜在客户生成Marketing strategy: 市场营销策略Product launch: 产品发布4.International Trade Terms (国际贸易术语):Import: 进口Export: 出口Trade agreement: 贸易协定Tariff: 关税Customs clearance: 海关清关Free trade: 自由贸易Letter of credit (LC): 信用证。

Manufacture制作manufacturer negotiation谈判parking lot electrical appliances/productsMode 方式，型式sample 样品price list报价单deputy manager 副经理place large orders 下大量订单Counselor顾问embassy ambassador inform通知importer exporterBrand popularity /reputation quotation报价diplomatic account账户upcoming预订Specialize in 专营engage in 下定chinaware陶瓷器brochure小册子garments服装seekMr. Li suggested that I come to see you.Our company manufactures Chinese medicine.How was your flight?Thank you for meeting my plane.It is the least we can do, since you have travel so far to see us.How is business these days?How many pieces of luggage do you have?Status enquiries 资信调查reference 参考open an account with Financial standing financial status be in strict confidenceOld—establish well—establish the most reliable company overtrading 过额贸易Personal opinion credit tanding 信用了解modes of business经营模式register as a limited companyBusiness negotiation:交易磋商，商务谈判Enquiry询盘Offer发盘（报价）Counter offer 还盘（还价）Acceptance接受FOB：free on board 离岸价格，船上交货价格CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight到岸价格Price system 价格系统buyer seller stock股份scarcity短缺normatic economics 规格经济学positive economics实证经济学tariff 关税unemployment employmentInterest rates 利率minimum wage最低工资opportunity cost 机会成本marginal cost 边际成本Production possibility 生产能力capital-intensive资金密集型labor-intensive 劳动密集型Comparative advantage 相对优势marginal value边际价值cost 成本，价格microeconomics 微观经济学Macroeconomics goods 货物national economy 国民经济output 产量，产出input输入Money in circulation 流通货币business circle商业周期money supply货币供应量Price level价格水平material goods有形商品intangible goods 无形商品commodity 商品，日用品Private enterprise私人企业factors of production生产要素labor/labor force 劳动力Capital资金，资本assets资产financial capital 金融资本free good 免费商品economic good经济商品Market economy 市场经济Gross national product 国民生产总值gross domestic product 国内生产总值National income国民收入depreciation/devaluation 贬值revenue国家收入，税收Net income 净收入consumer price index 消费者物价指数International Monetary System国际货币体系Exchange rates 汇率fixed exchange rates固定汇率Deficit 逆差，赤字surplus 顺差inflation deflation通货紧缩Par values 面值The U.S. Treasury美国财政部inflation rates 通货膨胀率World BankInternational bank of reconstruction and development 国际复兴开发银行（世界银行）Foreign currency reserves外汇储备devalue 使贬值revalue使升值EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系ERM: Exchange-Rate Mechanism汇率机制Market share市场占有率，市场份额Fiscal policy财政政策spread 差额，差价securities(有价) 证券broker经纪人brokerage 经纪人费用，佣金equity权益，公平Issue a bond 发行债券stock exchanges 股票交易tangible assets 有形资产expiry date 有效日期Beneficiary受益人bill of exchange 汇票payment tenor 付款日期Mortage 抵押pledge 质押guarantee 担保underwrite 承担underwriter承担人Insured/assured被保人insurer 保险人，保险公司premium 保险费the policyholder投保人Property insurance life insurance accident and health insuranceWelfare payments 福利金fertility rate人口出生率Gold standard金本位制greenback美元dollar glut 美元过剩mint parity铸币平价gold reserve黄金储备Competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值creditor nation 债权国credit贷方debit 借方Bretton Woods Agreement布雷顿深林协议adjustable peg 可调整的钉住汇率Gold exchange standard 金汇兑本位制reserve currency储蓄货币SDRs(special drawing rights)特别提款权Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率balance of payment 收支平衡收支平衡的四个主要组成部分：current account/ capital account/ official reserves account/ errors and omissionsInternational credit facilities 国际借贷措施current account 经常帐户/经常项目current-account surplus 经常项目顺差current-account deficit 经常项目逆差经常项目包括：exports and imports of goods/ exports and imports of service/investment income/giftCapital account资本账户、固定资产账户liquidity 偿还能力、清还能力over- the –counter contract 场外交易合约BIS: bank of international settlement 国际清算银行Currency swap货币互换swap transaction 互换交易option 期权future期货Outright forward 单边远期equity 产权OECD: the organization for Economic Co-operation and Development经济与合作发展组织Clearing house 清算所vehicle currency 主要货币Foreign exchange turnover 外汇交易总额transitional economy转轨经济Merging market economy 新兴市场经济spot market 即期市场Benchmark exchange 基准利率underlying currency 基础货币Borrower depositor depository institutions 储蓄机构Liquidity 流动性overdraft 透支credit line 授信额度securitization of assets 资产证券化The European Commission: the executive branch of EU 欧洲委员会The European Council: the political body of EU 欧洲理事会CHIPS：clearing house interbank payment system(美国) 票据交换所银行间付款系统Fedwire (美国)联邦电报系统Checkable deposit支票存款thrift/saving institution 储蓄机构Certificate of deposit 存单mortgage loan 抵押贷款commercial paper 商业票据working capital 运营资金Treasury Securities 国库券interest rate ceiling 利率上限supervisory agency监管机构Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购investment bank投资银行interest swap利率互换return on capital 投资回报，资本收益Capital adequacy资金充足credit risk 借贷风险price risk 价格风险country risk 国别风险liquidity risk流动风险Payment and settlement risk支付与结算风险Ex-Works:工厂交货价Letter of credit (L/C) 信用证sight L/C 即期信用证distance L/C远期信用证irrevocable letter of credit不可撤销信用证Irrevocable and without recourse letter of credit不可撤销并无追索权信用证Confirmed irrevocable letter of credit 保兑的不可撤销的信用证restricted negotiable letter of credit 限制议付信用证freely negotiation letter of credit自由议付的信用证revolving letter of credit 循环信用证a draft/ bill of exchange 汇票demand/sight draft即期汇票demand/sight bill term draft/bill 远期汇票constructive delivery 推定交货CID: cash in advance现金预付open account赊账documentary collection 跟单托付documentary L/C 跟单信用证consignment委托、运送T/T: telegraphic transfer M/T: mail transfer cash flow现金流FOB：free on board 离岸价CIF:到岸价（cost, insurance and freight）terms of payment付款方式to effect payment 付款Documentary credit 押汇信用证undervalue低估issuing bank 发证行advising bank通知行Correspondent bank 代理行confirming bank 保兑行nominated bank指定行Transferring bank 转证行paying/accepting/negotiation bank付款、接受、议付行Claiming and reimbursing bankSWIFI:Society for the Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications环球银行金融电讯协会bills of lading(B/L)提货单COD:cash on delivery货到付款sight draft 即期汇票term draft远期汇票（延期）ICC: international chamber of commerce国际商会D/A: documents against acceptance 承兑交单= DOA:documents on acceptanceD/P: documents against payment 付款交单= DOP: documents on paymentThe AWB:airway bill 航运收据Waybill 运货单edorsement背书背书是一个法律术语，指的是在票据上签名，票据所规定之权利由背书人转让给被背书人。

商英（二）Business Terms 总结Unit 1Cargo n. things that are sent by ship, plane, train or truck 货物cost-cutting n. actions taken toreduce the costs of abusiness,government or otherorganization 成本削减customs n. a governmentdepartment thatcollects taxes on goodsthat people bring into acountry 海关departmental a. involving onedepartment of a largeorganization部门的dynamics n. the set of forces thatexist in a situation,especially a relationship,and that affect how itchanges or develops动态employee n. sb who is paidregularly to work for aperson or an organization雇员logistical a. related to thecommercial activity oftransporting goods tocustomers 物流的monitor vt. to regularly check sthor watch sb in order tofind out what ishappening 监督，监管，密切注视operational a. engaged in active operations 运营中的subgroup n. a small group of peoplewho form part of largergroup大集团下属的小集团，小团体shipping n. the business of carrying goods, especially in a ship 航运业unstructured a. not organized in a formal way 没有特定结构的withdraw vi. To no longer take part in sth 撤回internal communication theconversations thatbusinesseshave withtheir staffand thosethat stuffmembershave witheach other内部沟通Unit 2advertising n. advertisements ingeneral 广告hit list a list of people or things thatsb wants toget rid of计划消灭或打击的名单licence vt. give official permission todo business批准，颁发执照mass-market a. produced in largequantitiesto be soldto manycustomers销售量大的，畅销的per capita for each people 每人roll out to introduce a new productor service把…投入市场saturate vt. to offer much more of aproductthancustomerswant to buy是市场饱和starting-point n. sth that one usesas the firststage in adiscussion,learningprocess orotheractivity进一步发展的起点trial run an occasion when onetries sth forthe firsttime to findout if it willbesuccessful试运营，新系统测试swallow vt. to take control of asmallercompany orcountry 吞并Unit 3affiliated a. being joined in closeassociation附属的capitalization n. an estimation ofthe value ofa business资本化，资本额insurer n. a person or financialinstitutionthat sellsinsurance保险公司regulator n. an official responsiblefor controlandsupervisionof aparticularactivity orarea ofpublicinterests调整者，监管人员underwrite vt. to sign and acceptliabilityunder (aninsurancepolicy,especiallyfor ships),thusguaranteeing paymentin the eventof loss ordamage在（保险单，尤指船舶保险单）下方签署并承担责任untapped a. not yet used orexploited未开发利用的Unit 4ailing a. somewhat ill or prone toillness 生病的，境况不佳的pirate n. a person who copiesillegally sthprotectedbycopyright,especiallyin order tosell it 盗版者regular n. a customer who oftengose to thesame shop,restaurantor bar 老顾客undersell vt. to sell sth at a lowprice 低价出售Unit 5align vt. to give support publicly to agroup,politicalparty orcountry公开支持at record lows at the lowest point inhistory历史最低custom-fit a. made to a particularcustomer’sorder定制的devise vt. to invent a method ofdoing sth设计出，想出employee-centric a. geared toemployee’sneeds anddemands以员工为中心的host to organize and be in charge ofa meal orparty forguests主办retention n. the ability to keepworkers orcustomersfromleaving acompany挽留员工pay raise an increase in one’s salary加薪Unit 6account for to form a particularamount or part of agroup of people orthings（在数量、比例上）占address vt. to try to deal with a problem or question解决bottom line the amount of moneythat a business makesor loses账本底线broker n. someone whose job is toorganize business deals forother people 经纪人，代理人consolidation n. combination ofseveral smallcompanies ororganizations intoone large unit合并crisis-prone a. likely to be affected by a crisis易受危机影响的cross-border a. going across a border between two countries跨境的go out of business stop doing business permanently 停止营业，歇业outsourcing n. an arrangement inwhich work is done bypeople from outside thecompany外包。

指针：pointer
遥控：remote control
第一章
福利制度：
高工资：
内部培训制度：
永久合同：
快速升迁（2）：
招聘简章：
实践的：
学位课程：
同等级：
工作量：
在职培训：
尽力：
基本能力：
实习生：
困难起步：
内部提升：
从底部爬高：
取得很大成就：
缓慢升迁：
定制/特制：
实践培训：
会电脑的：
第二章
首席执行官：
猛增：soar
收入：takings
非主流产品：niche product
起步：take off
挂牌：stocking
卖得比···多：outsell
新样式：new line
预期销量：projected turnover
口口相传：word of mouth
第七章
贸易展览会：trade fair
备忘录：memo
吸引：
计策：
零售店：
公共关系：
炒作：
登陆：
访问：
利用：
第六章
企业家能力：
高档市场：
成立：
昂贵的：
猛增：
收入：
非主流产品：
起步：
挂牌：
卖得比···多：
新样式：
预期销量：
口口相传：
第七章
贸易展览会:
备忘录：
同一时间：
第八章
立即付款：
大订单：
快递：
管理费用：
折扣：
支付条款：
交易日期：
进货/库存：
小设备：
湿巾：
同一时间：at any one time

CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市
unfair competition 不合理竞争
dumping 商品倾销
dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度
antidumping 反倾销
customs bond 海关担保
贸易伙伴术语
trade partner 贸易伙伴
manufacturer 制造商，制造厂
middleman 中间商，经纪人
dealer 经销商
wholesaler 批发商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人，批发商，零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者

外刊选读business terms合资企业joint venture企业家精神entrepreneurship增长boom衰退recession/ slump中国经济迅速发展boom崛起emerge as an important growth pole 通货紧缩deflation亚洲开发银行Asian Development Bank 猛增jump贸易顺差trade deficit移动电话mobile phone个人电脑personal computer破产的bankrupt购买力平价purchasing power parity跨国公司multinational供应链supply chain贸易环境trade environment全球化globalization自由浮动float freely提高购买力boost purchasing power货币升值revaluation提高生产率lift productivity增值appreciation利润margin电子产品electronics消除erase利润幅度profit margin竞争力competitiveness双边经济关系bilateral economic ties部门sector品种更多的商品 a wider range of goods 定价能力pricing power支配地位dominance电讯telecommunication贸易顺差trade surplus钉住peg with冲击impact/buffet企业businessLesson 2现场on the spot 样品间showroom创新的商品innovation good增长的销售额boost sales研究和开发research and development智囊团think tank劳动密集型的labour-intensive品牌brand倾销dump猛增soar便携式电脑laptop出口才干export prowess管理和经营的专门知识技能Managerial and operational expertise生产能力production capacity亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis规模效益economies of scales逐步停止[生产] phase out王牌the ace in the hole调查survey相当多的利润 a decent profit放松贸易限制loosen trade restrictions最高管理层top management达到设计和质量的标准to be up to current standards in industrial design and qualityLesson 3黑洞black hole世界工厂world’s workshop扩大生产expand production增加产量boost output给与享用……的权利[机会]To be given full access to专利patent收购acquisition合并consolidation使……并入…… Merge ....into ....[大宗的]收入revenue咨询公司consultancy向海外转移生产shift production overseas高端产品high-end product加入[世贸组织]accession to World Trade Organization服饰产品apparel采办procureLesson 3推动经济增长boost national economies复苏recovery新兴国家emerging nations去掉了通货膨胀因素地adjusted for inflation解除经济管制economic deregulation推动消费需求power consumer demand免税商店duty-free shop购买能力buying capacity零售retail消费品consumer good衡量标准按实际购买力估值的国内生产总值real gross domestic product工业化国家industrialized nations触发贸易保护主义情绪trigger protectionist sentiment急剧上升的价格zooming price初级产品commodities生活水平living standard财富的转移 a transfer of wealth标准.普尔500家股票价格指数Standard&Poor’s 500 index经纪公司brokerage股票市场stock market提高短期利率raise short-term interest rates抵消offset达到5年最高hit a five-year high均匀的分布be evenly distributed超过50% top 50%国有化nationalize对中国商品征收新的关税slap new tariffs on Chinese goods暴跌tumble美国联邦储蓄银行Fed紧缩信贷tighten credit依靠出口的发展中国家Export-dependent developing nations需求下降 a drop in demand 欧元区the Euro-zone尚可的经济增长率respectable economic growth rate经济呆滞—不景气economic slack金融状况monetary condition成为……的牺牲品fell victim to currency crises脆弱的资本逃离Be vulnerable to capital flightLesson 4萧条的sluggish替罪羊scapegoat竞争优势competitive advantage国际收支balance-of-payment购买力purchasing power降低通货膨胀率Hold down the inflation rate日趋疲软的美元A weakening dollar美国国库券Treasury security子公司subsidiary外部采办—外包outsourcing基础设施infrastructure资本设备capital equipment估值过低的undervalue货币currency操纵manipulate开发市场accession to WTO有活力的dynamic不断急剧下降to spiral downwards缺乏活力sluggish赤字red ink律师事务所law firm积极进取的占领市场Be more aggressive in capturing China’s growing market贸易壁垒trade barrier以出口为导向的增长export-led growth比较优势comparative advantage国际劳动分工international division of labor外刊选读business terms 单词汇总Lesson 5停滞的stagnant资本开支capital spending经济状况economic condition革新innovation财政政策fiscal policy货币政策monetary policy结构性改革structural reform经济体制的改革reform of economic system信息技术information-technology加速pickup新公司startup竞争强度competitive intensity加强竞争intensify competition推行改革introduce reform放宽规章制度relax regulation减少公共开支reduce public expenditures降低工资lower wages加速accelerate改组经济shake up the economy自由化liberalizationLesson 6建筑工地construction site兴旺发达的工业booming industry转移制造shift manufacturing电子元件electronic component数码显示digital display精巧的装置ingenious device品牌形象brand image转折点turning point日经225种股票指数在速度上超过…… Nikkei 225 stock index增加出口boost export增值产品value-added product数码相机液晶显示电视digital cameras, liquid crystal display TVs急剧增长spurt生产场地production site资本支出capital expenditure当代最先进的技术top-of-the-time technology摄像机video camera 突破breakthrough削减售价10% shave at least 10% off the sale price利用技术优势take advantage of our technological edge借助复苏的势头ride the momentum of the recovery经济好转Economy is picking up缺乏现金的cash-strapped十分畅销的商品big seller日本货物的廉价代用品cheap alternative to Japanese goods销售比……多outsell最新型的手机state-of-the-art mobile-phone handsets无限期地延长贷款期限Renew bank loans indefinitely给……补贴subsidize价格骤然下跌prices start to plummet提供贷款extend loans联合大企业[多种经营公司] conglomerate解雇职员to lay off huge numbers of its staff论资辈的提升制度seniority system基于业绩的提升制度merit-based system for advancement风险资本venture capital筹集资本capital-raising拆除壁垒dismantle barriers国内市场home marketLesson 7全球贸易谈判launch a new Round of global trade talks生计livelihood of millions经济减速economic slowdown市场力量market forces利益的分配the distribution of benefits调和世界贸易国家的不同利益Reconciling the divergent interests of the world’s trading nations成交to strike a deal服务业市场services market反倾销antidumping不公平的贸易补偿unfair trade remedies市场准入market access后续谈判follow-on negotiation取缔ban工业产品配额quotas on industrial products既得利益vested interests敏感的问题sensitive issue大量补助considerable subsidiesheavily subsidize farm sectors[条约]终止clause expire拖延谈判prolong negotiation食品安全food safety伪装了的贸易保护主义disguised protectionism反倾销调查anti-dumping investigation减少关税和配额the reduction of tariffs and quotas履行承诺fulfill commitment取消进口配额eliminate import quotas“北美自由贸易协定”the North American Free Trade Agreement降低对进口商品的壁垒lower barriers on imports优惠的税率favorable tariff rates代价高昂的extremely costly知识产权intellectual property决策decision-making先决条件precondition关税和贸易总协定the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt)世贸组织总干事the WTO director-general处理国际贸易制度中不平衡的问题Tackle the imbalances in the international trading system强硬的立场take a hard line关税壁垒tariff barriers强劲的增长strong growthLesson 8时尚意识fashion consciousness纺织品textile服装garment 二十年连续地two decades in a row不断加剧的贸易保护主义Mounting trade protectionism额外的关税extra tariffs原产地控制place-of-origin controls非关税壁垒non-tariff撤销定额lift quotas提高工资hike wages人工成本labor costs重新安置生产relocate production中国制造的纺织机械China-made textile machinery日落工业 a sunset industry赢利很高的产业cash cow两位数的增长double-digit growth绿色壁垒green barriers环境友好型产品environmental friendly products污染环境pollute the environment造成危机人类健康的风险Pose risks to human health外资公司foreign-invested companies使产品达到国际健康和质量标准Bring products up to international health and quality standardsLesson 8外包订单outsourcing合资协议 a joint venture deal提高生产率和技术boost productivity and skills中国进入世贸组织China’s entry into World Trade Organization统治地位dominance传统的惯常做法traditional practices对东南亚国家的优势Southeast Asian countries一体化的供应链an integrated supply chain暴跌的价格tumbling prices迫使价格下降drive down prices高技术工人higher-skilled workers半自动化semi-automated电脑化系统 a computerized system提高工人的技术improve productivity外刊选读business terms 单词汇总断电blackout港口拥堵port congestion企业经常的经营管理费用overhead分散风险spread your riskLesson 9游说lobby能源安全energy security[石油]提炼厂oil refinery管道pipelines恐怖主义分子的攻击terrorist燃料和电fuels and electricity负担得起的价格affordable prices天然气natural gas享用电和液体燃料的机会access to electricity or liquid fuels地缘政治学的主题geopolitical theme维护开发油田的权利protect American access to oilfield世界上剩余的石油remaining oil全世界的石油产量worldwide oil production周期性回升cyclical recovery走强的价格strong prices价格暴涨the current price boom[经济增长]放慢slowdown多头bull需求的增长the fall in demand需求的下降the increase in demand美国经济的扩张与收缩the expansion and contraction in the US economy[价格]反弹rebound2007年的前景the 2007 outlook原油期货crude futures[价格]达到空前的高点a record high of把……作为目标target...as...供求状况supply and demand conditions供不应求的市场tight market[价格]表现最为强劲的商品strongest performers低水平的库存low level of inventories[库存]恢复到2004年4月曾经达到的水平Inventories are back at levels last seen in April 2004 [价格]同升同降rise and fall in unison[价格]涨落不定prices are often volatile天气波动weather fluctuations迫使[价格]上升prices are being driven up生物燃料biofuel industry把原材料增加了的成本转嫁给顾客Pass on the higher costs of raw commodities to consumers承受能力affordability总体的价格overall prices正在增长on the increase食品价格的飞涨food price inflation现货价格spot prices未加工的牛奶raw milk主食staple food联合国贸易和发展会议The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development人均收入per capita income城市人口urban populations核心消费（品）core consume价格持续的上升 a sustained rise in prices运输费用transportation costs削减援助cut back on aid给食品公司的股票价格降级Downgrade the share prices of food companies调低……的股票评级lower its equity ratings on ...价格像火箭一样地上涨Going up like a rocket提高价格以弥补成本的增加Raise prices to try to recover some of the cost increase 提高价格put up prices猖獗的通货膨胀rampant inflation。

Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。

1958~1959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。

三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。

20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。

中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。

“文化大革命”期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。

The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force（解释：施行）in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.（最惠国待遇）在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。

1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据这个协定，中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。

1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定，继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后，中美贸易发展迅速。

美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。

外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization OCCE(organization for for for economic economic economic co-operation co-operation co-operation and and and development) development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷，卖方信贷等Manufactured goods 工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院国务院Standard of living 生活水平生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本，股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业外商独资企业外商独资企业 Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Capital goods 资本货物资本货物 Customs duties 进口税进口税 Technical transformation 技术改造技术改造Provincial capital 省会省会 inner regions 内地，内陆内地，内陆 readily obtainable 轻易得到轻易得到 economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区经济技术开发区 uniform tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 profit-remittance 利汇款率利汇款率 preferential tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 municipal govermment 市政府市政府 grassroots units 基层单位基层单位 rules and regulations 规章制度规章制度规章制度 comprehensive framework 综合准则综合准则 public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制生产资料公有制 national people ’s congress 全国人民到表大会全国人民到表大会 seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划第七个五年计划第七个五年计划 china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud 商业活动中心商业活动中心 The world ’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国世界经济强国世界经济强国 Per capita 人均人均 Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值国民生产总值 American administration 美国政府美国政府 China hands 中国通（华人）中国通（华人）Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税 Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场证劵及房地产市场 “G “Greater china reater china ” trade bloc “大中华”集团“大中华”集团“大中华”集团 Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值国内生产总值国内生产总值 Private businesses 私有企业私有企业 Competitive advantage 竞争优势竞争优势 High wage economy 高工资经济高工资经济高工资经济 General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定关税及贸易总协定 Consumer eiectronics 电子产品电子产品 Human rights 人权问题人权问题 Preferred status 优惠地位，优先权优惠地位，优先权 State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司国有跨行业公司 Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片半导体集成电路芯片 Brokerage services 经济业务经济业务 Double digits 两位数两位数 4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气不景气High rates of growth 高增长率高增长率 The gulf crisis 海湾危机海湾危机海湾危机 International conditions 国际坏境国际坏境 The group of seven 七国集团七国集团 Continental Europe 欧洲大陆欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策反通胀政策 Weakness in demand 需求疲软需求疲软 Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降周期性的投资下降 Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率短期美元汇率 Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格非石油商品价格非石油商品价格 Foreign exchange 外汇外汇 Hard currencies 硬货币硬货币 Severely indebted 负债严重负债严重 The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合关贸总协定乌拉圭回合 Commodity market 商品市场商品市场 Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义（美元）价名义（美元）价 Constant(dollar)terms 不变（美元）价不变（美元）价 Real terms 实际价实际价 The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策 GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数 The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓周期性投资放缓 Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣由减税引发的繁荣 Interest rates 利率利率 Unemployment rates 失业率失业率 Financial stress 金融压力金融压力 Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷紧缩信贷紧缩信贷 Current account deficit 经常项目赤字经常项目赤字经常项目赤字 Yield curve 收益曲线收益曲线 European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系 Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策 Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率名义短期汇率 Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值以不变价格计算的产品价值 Structural transformation 结构转变，体制改革结构转变，体制改革 Trading partners 贸易伙伴贸易伙伴 The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率人均加权增长率 Debt restructuring 债务调整债务调整 Portfolio investment 证劵投资证劵投资 Per capita income 人均收入人均收入人均收入 Fiscal adjustment 财政调整财政调整 Investment liberalization 投资自由化投资自由化 Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区贸易导向型地区 Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化 Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议多边贸易协议多边贸易协议 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施 Tight credit policies 信贷紧缩政策信贷紧缩政策 Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值汇率贬值 The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会经互会 5关于美国的贸易策略与政策 Trade representative 贸易代表贸易代表 Trade policies 贸易政策贸易政策 Trade sanctions 贸易制裁贸易制裁 Trade barrier 贸易壁垒贸易壁垒 Trade surplus 贸易赤字贸易赤字 North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定北美自由贸易协定 Trade priority 贸易优先权贸易优先权 Government procurement 政府采购政府采购 Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Ttrade signals 贸易信号贸易信号6欧盟的发展 European community 欧洲共同体欧洲共同体 The single market 统一大市场统一大市场统一大市场 The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场欧共体的统一大市场 Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场无壁垒市场 European integrationg 欧洲一体化欧洲一体化 The internal market 内部市场内部市场内部市场 Marriage contract 结婚契约结婚契约 Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化政治经济一体化 Free-trade zone 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Free market philosophy 自由市场论自由市场论自由市场论 Economic benefits 经济利益经济利益 Economic activity 经济活动经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率年增长率年增长率 Plant modennization 工厂现代化工厂现代化 Budget cuts 预算消减预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标进口指标 Guantifiable results 定量结果，量化结果定量结果，量化结果 White paper 白皮书白皮书 Uruguay round of trade talks 乌拉圭回合谈判乌拉圭回合谈判 Average tariff 平均关税平均关税 Manufactured goods 制成品制成品 Bilateral surplus 双边顺差双边顺差 Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划财政一揽子计划 Trade in goods 易货贸易易货贸易易货贸易 International bodies 国际组织国际组织 Industrial commodities 工业商品工业商品 Business cycle 商业周期商业周期 Economic cycle 经济周期经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易管理贸易Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Market share 市场份额市场份额 Households save 家庭储蓄家庭储蓄 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字 Trade balance 贸易差额贸易差额Public opinion 工众舆论工众舆论 Trade reprisals 贸易报复贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters 公司总部公司总部 Silicion valley 硅谷硅谷 Annual sales 年销售额年销售额 Nation economic machine 国家经济结构国家经济结构 Industrial infrastructure 工业基础设施工业基础设施 Investment capital 投资资本投资资本 Antidurmping suits 反倾销起诉反倾销起诉 Fledging conglomerates 新兴的跨行业工资新兴的跨行业工资 Literacy rate 脱盲率，识字率脱盲率，识字率 Middle class 中产阶级中产阶级 Nouveau riche 暴发户暴发户 Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款政府担保贷款 Human-rights restrictions 人权限制人权限制 Political liberalization 政治自由化政治自由化 Political opposition 政治反对派政治反对派 Driving force 驱动力驱动力 Labor-cost advantage 劳动力成本优势劳动力成本优势 Industrial group 工业集团工业集团 Basic industries 基础工业基础工业 Industrial structure 工业结构工业结构Industrial giants 大工业企业大工业企业 Business setback 商业挫折商业挫折 Tax breaks 税额优惠税额优惠 Direct subsidies 直接补贴直接补贴 Market forces 市场力量市场力量 Financial system 金融体制金融体制 Official interest rates 官方汇率官方汇率 Consumer market 消费市场消费市场 9贸易新星Gulf region 海湾地区海湾地区 Sovereignty dispute 主权争端主权争端 GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会海湾合作委员会 OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织石油输出国组织 Carbon tax 双重税收双重税收 Firm order 实盘实盘 Non-oil trade 非石油贸易非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity 生产能力生产能力Government grants 政府津贴政府津贴 Risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产风险加权资产 Import surcharge 进口附加税进口附加税 Certificates of origin 原产地证书原产地证书 The developing areas 开发区开发区Lucrative fees 利率报酬利率报酬 10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织 Economic growth 促进经济发展促进经济发展 Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策共同农业政策 Liberal market 自由贸易自由贸易 Market force 市场力量市场力量 Monopoly purchasing boards 统购部门统购部门 Export subsidies 生产补贴生产补贴 The administration ’goals 政府目标政府目标 Technical standards 技术水平技术水平 Anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施反倾销措施 Countervailing duty 反倾销税，抵消性关税反倾销税，抵消性关税 Intellectual property right 知识产权知识产权知识产权 Trade in services 服务贸易服务贸易 Farm-trade liberalization 农业贸易自由化农业贸易自由化 Majority vote 多数选票多数选票 Straight forward of vote 直接否定权直接否定权直接否定权 11易货贸易仍在使用 I nternational financial institution 国际金融机构国际金融机构 Currency reserves 货币储备货币储备 Of equivalent value 同等价值同等价值 Mean of trade 贸易方式贸易方式 Client states 附属国附属国 International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织 Multilateral trade 多边贸易多边贸易 Convertible currency 可兑换货币可兑换货币 Burden of debt 债务负担债务负担债务负担 Debt service=intrerst payment 利息付款利息付款利息付款 Debtor nation 债务国债务国 Export earning 出口收入出口收入 Multinational corporations 跨国公司跨国公司 Compensation agreements 补偿贸易协定补偿贸易协定 Clearing agreements 清算系统清算系统 Bilateral pacts 双边协议双边协议 Credit-starved 信用危机信用危机Letter of credit 信用证信用证信用证 12市场竞争市场竞争Test market 试销市场试销市场 Baby-boomers 生育高峰期出生的人生育高峰期出生的人 Consumer coupons 消费优惠劵消费优惠劵 Price promotions 价格促销价格促销Exclusive contract 独家经销合同独家经销合同 Competitive in price andguanlity 价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力 All-out sales campaigns 大规模销售战役大规模销售战役 Hard sell 硬销售硬销售 Heavy discounting 大幅度打折大幅度打折 Soft drink 软饮料软饮料 Retail sales 零售零售 Special promotion 特殊销售特殊销售 13市场分析 Export market 出口市场出口市场 Fast food shop 快餐快餐 The method of packing 包装方式包装方式包装方式 Subsidized competition 补贴性竞争补贴性竞争 Grocery store 杂货店杂货店 Wet market 鲜货市场鲜货市场 The retial market 零售市场零售市场零售市场 Promote sales 促销商品促销商品 Export enhancement programe 增加出口计划增加出口计划 Structure of trade 贸易结构贸易结构 Preserved duck eggs 咸鸭蛋 14初级商品市场 Soft commodities 非耐用初级产品非耐用初级产品 Agricultural commodoties 农产品农产品 Surplus produce 剩余产品剩余产品 Financial futures 以期货形式交易的有价证劵以期货形式交易的有价证劵 The money market 货币市场货币市场货币市场 The equity market 一般的股票市场一般的股票市场一般的股票市场 Basic raw materials 基本原材料基本原材料 Conference on trade and development 联合国贸易和发展协会联合国贸易和发展协会 Currency movements 货币变动货币变动 Special drawing right 特别提取款特别提取款特别提取款 Food price index 食品价格指数食品价格指数 Glut of supplies 供应过剩供应过剩 Devastating consequences 毁灭性后果毁灭性后果 Spin-offs 副作用副作用 Cash-strapped 现金短缺现金短缺 at its weakest 萧条萧条萧条 services sector 服务部门服务部门 official austerity programmers 政府紧缩计划政府紧缩计划 foreign exchange earnings 外汇收入外汇收入 unit commodity price 单位初级产品价格单位初级产品价格 real interest rates 实际利率实际利率 stores of vaule 储备价值储备价值 liquid assets 流动资产流动资产 price volatility 价格多变价格多变speculative business 投机生意投机生意the patten of supply and demand 供需模式供需模式 export quote 出口配额出口配额 in short supply 供应短缺供应短缺供应短缺 15初级商品市场行情电传报告 Commodities dealers 初级商品交易商初级商品交易商 Stock exchange 证劵交易所证劵交易所 Investment support 投资支持投资支持 Regained ground 重得青睐重得青睐 Labour dispute 劳务纠纷劳务纠纷 Export figures 出口量出口量 Good resistance 强烈抵制强烈抵制 Discount rate 贴现率贴现率 Labour-agreement 劳动协议劳动协议 Bleak outlook 前景黯淡前景黯淡 Futures markets 期货市场期货市场 Spot market 现货市场现货市场 Strategic stockpile 战略性库存战略性库存 Take prices back 使价格回升使价格回升 Terminal prices 期货价格期货价格 International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织 Upward adjustment 上调上调 Replacement costs 重置成本重置成本。

Business terms
Unit 1 Business Terms
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.sales and marketing 2.finance 3.management 4. administration and personnel 5. research and development 6. Career ladder 7. career move 8. career break 9. career plan 10. get the sack 11. nine-to-five job 12. work anti-social hours 13. work flexi time 14. agenda 15. subsidiary 16. turnover 17.vacancy 18. revenue 19. recruitment pensation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.销售与市场营销 2.金融 3. 管理 4. 行政管理与人事处 5. 研究与发展 6.事业阶梯 7.职业变动 8. 职业暂休 9. 职业规划 10.被解雇 11.朝九晚五的工作 12.反社会的工作时间 13. 弹性工作时间 14. 议事日程 15.子公司 16. 营业额 17. （职位)空缺 18. 公司收入 19. 招聘 20. 酬金, 补偿
Unit 2
• • • • • • • • • • Refund 退款 Discount 折扣 Delivery 运送 Purchase 购买 Bargain 特价货 Credit card details信用卡详细资料 Cooling-off period 冷静期 Money back guarantee退款保证 Method of payment支付方式 Interest-free credit 无息信贷

Lesson 11.trade surplus 贸易顺差pensation trade 补偿贸易3.volume of foreign trade 对外贸易额4.current account 经常项目5.invisible account 无形贸易收支6.growth rate 增长率7.foreign exchange 外汇8.trade fairs 贸易展览会9.most-favored-nation treatment 最惠国待遇10.industrialization programme 工业化项目11.national income 国民收入12.industrial and agriculture 工农业生产13.visible trade account 有形贸易收支14.planned economy 计划经济15.export quota 出口定额16.growth point 增长点17.high-tech industries 高科技产业18.EEC （European Economic Community）欧共体19.minister without portfolio 不管部长20.central bank 中央银行21.counter-trade 反向贸易22.joint venture 合资企业23.OECD（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development）经济合作和发展组织24.Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行25.non-bank trade related credits 买房信贷，卖方信贷等Lesson 21.means of production 生产资料2.customs duties 关税3.service industry 服务业4.infrastructure 基础设施5.foreign-exchange reserve 外汇储备6.customer goods 消费品7.saturation point 饱和点8.showpiece 样品9.industrial crops 经济作物10.income tax rate 所得税税率11.the Special Economic Zone 经济特区12.technical transformation 技术改造13.technology transfer 技术转让14.capital stock 资本设备15.preferential tax rate 优惠税率16.capital-intensive investment 资本密集型投资17.cooperative enterprise 合作企业18.imports of capital 资本进口19.foreign exchange control 外汇管制20.bamboo curtain 竹幕21.capital goods 资本货物Lesson 31.preferred status 优先权2.economic power 经济强国3.gross domestic product 国内生产总值4.securities and real-estate market 证券及房地产市场5.free market 自由市场6.private business 私营企业7.high-tech, high-wage economy 高技术、高工资经济mercial hub 商业活动中心9.Consortium 国际财团10.per capita 人均11.gross national product 国民生产总值12.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定13.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税14.conglomerate 跨行业公司；联合大企业petitive advantage 竞争优势16.newly-rising enterprises 新兴企业17.container plant 集装箱工厂18.bounce back 反弹Lesson 4modity market 商品市场2.hard currency 硬通货3.per capita income 人均收入4.portfolio investment 证券投资5.nominal terms 名义价6.constant terms 不变价7.debt restructuring 债务调整8.monetary policy 货币政策9.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策10.anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀货币政策11.domestic demand 国内需求12.direct investment 直接投资13.budget deficit 预算赤字14.interest rate 利率15.primary commodity price 初级产品价格16.high rates of growth 高增长率17.the Group of Seven 七国集团18.workers’ remittance 工人侨汇19.Gulf Crisis 海湾危机20.the Gulf countries 海湾国家Lesson 51.trade sanctions 贸易制裁2.trade barrier 贸易壁垒3.trade agreement 贸易协定ernment procurement 政府采购5.North America Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定6.trade priority 贸易优先权7.trade partners 贸易伙伴8.trade deficit 贸易赤字9.trade discrimination 贸易歧视10.trade concession 贸易让步11.results-oriented 以结果为导向的Lesson 61.European Community 欧洲共同体2.European Union 欧洲联盟3.the Single Market 统一大市场4.political integration 政治一体化5.plant modernization 工厂现代化6.economic integration 经济一体化7.free- trade zone 自由贸易区8.barrier-free market 无壁垒市场9.economic benefits 经济利益10.merger 兼并11.import quota 进口配额12.big bang 大爆炸13.holiday flier 乘飞机外出度假的人Lesson 71.managed trade 管理贸易2.trade reprisal 贸易报复3.trade representative 贸易代表4.import targets 进口指标5.fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划6.multilateral rules 多边规则7.quantifiable results 定量结果8.trade balance 贸易差额9.bilateral surplus 双边顺差10.market share 市场份额11.white paper 白皮书12.vested interests 既得利益13.civil service 行政部门14.wholesaler 批发商Lesson 81. a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国家2.buzzword 时髦词语3.fledgling industries 新兴工业4.brain trust 智囊团；顾问班子5.tax breaks 税额优惠6.licenser 转让人7.insolvency 无偿还能力8.market forces 市场力量9.interest rates 利率10.the lion’s share 最大的份额11.antidumping 反倾销12.state-of-the-art 目前工艺水平13.annual growth rate 年增长率14.investment capital 投资资本15.financial system 金融体制16.embargo 禁运17.economic liberalization 经济自由化Lesson 91.sovereignty dispute 主权争端2.carbon tax 双重税3.consortium 财团4.provisional estimates 临时估算5.OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织6.public tender 公开招标7.visible trade 有形贸易8.reexports 再出口，复出口9.certificate of origin 产地证明书10.impose import 征收进口附加税Lesson 101.benchmark 基准尺度2.Uruguay round of GA TT talks 关税及贸易总协定乌拉圭回合谈判3.on a conservative estimate 据保守估计4.CAP (Common Agriculture Policy) 共同农业政策5.countervailing duty 反补贴税6.intellectual property right 知识产权7.trade in service 服务贸易8.market force 市场力量9.pose a threat 形成一种威胁10.WTO (the World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织11.farm protection 农业保护Lesson 111.barter 易货贸易2.convertible currency 可兑换货币3.debt service (interest payment) 利息付款4.countertrade 对等贸易5.counterpurchase 反向购买6.debtor nations 债务国7.creditor nations债权国8.the international financial institution 国际金融机构9.currency reserves 货币储存10.the International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金11.Currency exchange 货币交换12.multilateral trade 多边贸易13.Clearing Agreements 清算协定pensation Agreements 补偿协定15.client state 附属国16.cartel 卡特尔；联合企业17.take title 取得所有权Lesson 121.soft drink 软饮料2.retail sales 零售3.reformulation 重新配方4.security 有价证券5.franchise 特许经销权6.exclusive contract 独家代理协议7.coupons 优惠券8.exclusive contract 独家经销合同9.bottler 经销商10.test market 试销市场11.test marketing 试销12.market share 市场份额13.baby-boomer 生育高峰期出生的人14.sleeper 出人意料的成功者Lesson 131.luck draw 幸运抽奖2.fast food shops 快餐店3.the wet market 出售未经加工的肉鱼禽蛋的市场4.promote sales 促销商品5.wholesaler 批发商6.retailer 零售商DA 美国农业部8.supermarket 超级市场9.Export Enhancement Program 增加出口计划10.structure of trade 贸易结构11.preserved duck eggs 咸鸭蛋12.eggs cooked in salt and tea leaves 茶鸡蛋Lesson 141.spin-offs 副产品；副作用2.liquid assets 流动资产3.surplus produce 生产过剩4.financial futures 期货5.currency movements 货币流通6.inflation 通货膨胀7.price index 价格指数8.soft commodities 软商品9.price-cutting war 削价战10.investment funds 投资基金11.export quota system 出口配额制度12.protectionism 保护主义13.money market 货币市场14.capital market 资本市场15.the service sector 服务部门Lesson 151.discount rate 贴现率2.futures 期货3.shipments 交运的货物4.spot market 现货市场5.Ex-warehouse 仓库交货6.closing price 收盘价7.terminal prices 期货价格8.futures market 期货市场9.place of origin 产地10.London Metal Exchange 伦敦五金交易所11.European Economic Community 欧共体12.precious metals 贵金属13.base metals 贱金属14.dull 呆滞15.uncertain 捉摸不定16.irregular lower 曲折下降17.irregular 涨落不定18.easy 疲软19.heavy 很呆滞20.stagnant 停滞21.quiet 清淡22.steady 坚稳23.buoyant 活跃24.firm 坚挺。

在通货膨胀率高达4.4%的情况下，只有两 的情况下， 在通货膨胀率高达 的情况下 成员工表示今年的年终奖会比去年丰厚。 成员工表示今年的年终奖会比去年丰厚。
base pay
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9. China Tuesday released details of its green-car subsidy program. 中国本周二公布了新能源汽车 新能源汽车购车补贴计划 新能源汽车 的细则。 HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle BEV: Battery only Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Vehicle emission engine displacement
Emerging industry = sunrise industry burgeoning:“萌芽的、新兴的”; 萌芽的、新兴的” 萌芽的 start-up:“开办阶段的，启动时期的” 开办阶段的，启动时期的” 开办阶段的
七大行业:energy saving and 七大行业 environmental protection（节能环保）、 （节能环保）、 new generation of information technology（新一代信息技术）、 （新一代信息技术）、 biology（生物产业）、 （生物产业）、 high-end equipment manufacturing（高 （ 端装备制造）、 端装备制造）、 new energy（新能源）、 （新能源）、 new material（新材料）、 （新材料）、 new energy vehicles（新能源汽车）。 （新能源汽车）。
SEEING THE DOCTOR

Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese ec onomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the na tional economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization for economic co-operation and development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷，卖方信贷等Manufactured goods工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院Standard of living 生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本，股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业Consumer goods 消费品Capital goods 资本货物Customs duties 进口税Technical transformation技术改造Provincial capital 省会inner regions 内地，内陆readily obtainable 轻易得到economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区uniform tax rate 统一税率profit-remittance利汇款率preferential tax rate 统一税率municipal govermment 市政府grassroots units 基层单位rules and regulations 规章制度comprehensive framework 综合准则public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制national people’s congress 全国人民到表大会seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud商业活动中心The world’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国Per capita 人均Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值American administration 美国政府China hands 中国通（华人）Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场“G reater china” trade bloc “大中华”集团Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值Private businesses 私有企业Competitive advantage 竞争优势High wage economy 高工资经济General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定Consumer eiectronics 电子产品Human rights 人权问题Preferred status 优惠地位，优先权State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片Brokerage services 经济业务Double digits 两位数4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气High rates of growth 高增长率The gulf crisis 海湾危机International conditions 国际坏境The group of seven 七国集团Continental Europe 欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策Weakness in demand 需求疲软Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格Foreign exchange 外汇Hard currencies 硬货币Severely indebted 负债严重The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合Commodity market 商品市场Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义（美元）价Constant(dollar)terms 不变（美元）价Real terms 实际价The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣Interest rates 利率Unemployment rates 失业率Financial stress金融压力Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷Current account deficit 经常项目赤字Yield curve收益曲线European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值Structural transformation 结构转变，体制改革Trading partners 贸易伙伴The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率Debt restructuring债务调整Portfolio investment 证劵投资Per capita income 人均收入Fiscal adjustment 财政调整Investment liberalization 投资自由化Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议Budget deficit预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施Tight credit policies信贷紧缩政策Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会5关于美国的贸易策略与政策Trade representative贸易代表Trade policies 贸易政策Trade sanctions 贸易制裁Trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade surplus 贸易赤字North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定Trade priority 贸易优先权Government procurement 政府采购Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区Ttrade signals 贸易信号6欧盟的发展European community欧洲共同体The single market统一大市场The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场European integrationg 欧洲一体化The internal market 内部市场Marriage contract 结婚契约Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化Free-trade zone 自由贸易区Free market philosophy 自由市场论Economic benefits 经济利益Economic activity经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率Plant modennization工厂现代化Budget cuts 预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标Guantifiable results 定量结果，量化结果White paper 白皮书Uruguay round of trade talks乌拉圭回合谈判Average tariff 平均关税Manufactured goods制成品Bilateral surplus 双边顺差Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划Trade in goods 易货贸易International bodies 国际组织Industrial commodities 工业商品Business cycle商业周期Economic cycle经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易Consumer goods消费品Market share市场份额Households save家庭储蓄Budget deficit预算赤字Trade balance贸易差额Public opinion工众舆论Trade reprisals贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters公司总部Silicion valley硅谷Annual sales年销售额Nation economic machine国家经济结构Industrial infrastructure工业基础设施Investment capital投资资本Antidurmping suits反倾销起诉Fledging conglomerates新兴的跨行业工资Literacy rate脱盲率，识字率Middle class中产阶级Nouveau riche暴发户Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款Human-rights restrictions 人权限制Political liberalization政治自由化Political opposition政治反对派Driving force驱动力Labor-cost advantage劳动力成本优势Industrial group工业集团Basic industries基础工业Industrial structure工业结构Industrial giants大工业企业Business setback商业挫折Tax breaks税额优惠Direct subsidies直接补贴Market forces 市场力量Financial system金融体制Official interest rates官方汇率Consumer market消费市场9贸易新星Gulf region海湾地区Sovereignty dispute主权争端GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织Carbon tax双重税收Firm order实盘Non-oil trade非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity生产能力Government grants政府津贴Risk-weighted assets风险加权资产Import surcharge进口附加税Certificates of origin原产地证书The developing areas开发区Lucrative fees利率报酬10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织Economic growth促进经济发展Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策Liberal market自由贸易Market force市场力量Monopoly purchasing boards统购部门Export subsidies生产补贴The administration’goals政府目标Technical standards技术水平Anti-dumping measures反倾销措施Countervailing duty反倾销税，抵消性关税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in services服务贸易Farm-trade liberalization农业贸易自由化Majority vote多数选票Straight forward of vote直接否定权11易货贸易仍在使用I nternational financial institution国际金融机构Currency reserves货币储备Of equivalent value同等价值Mean of trade贸易方式Client states附属国International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织Multilateral trade多边贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Burden of debt债务负担Debt service=intrerst payment利息付款Debtor nation债务国Export earning出口收入Multinational corporations跨国公司Compensation agreements补偿贸易协定Clearing agreements清算系统Bilateral pacts双边协议Credit-starved信用危机Letter of credit信用证12市场竞争Test market试销市场Baby-boomers生育高峰期出生的人Consumer coupons消费优惠劵Price promotions价格促销Exclusive contract独家经销合同Competitive in price andguanlity价格和质量上的竞争力All-out sales campaigns大规模销售战役Hard sell硬销售Heavy discounting大幅度打折Soft drink软饮料Retail sales零售Special promotion特殊销售13市场分析Export market出口市场Fast food shop快餐The method of packing包装方式Subsidized competition补贴性竞争Grocery store杂货店Wet market鲜货市场The retial market零售市场Promote sales促销商品Export enhancement programe增加出口计划Structure of trade贸易结构Preserved duck eggs咸鸭蛋14初级商品市场Soft commodities非耐用初级产品Agricultural commodoties农产品Surplus produce剩余产品Financial futures以期货形式交易的有价证劵The money market货币市场The equity market一般的股票市场Basic raw materials基本原材料Conference on trade and development联合国贸易和发展协会Currency movements货币变动Special drawing right特别提取款Food price index食品价格指数Glut of supplies供应过剩Devastating consequences毁灭性后果Spin-offs副作用Cash-strapped现金短缺at its weakest萧条services sector服务部门official austerity programmers政府紧缩计划foreign exchange earnings外汇收入unit commodity price单位初级产品价格real interest rates实际利率stores of vaule储备价值liquid assets流动资产price volatility价格多变speculative business投机生意the patten of supply and demand供需模式export quote出口配额in short supply 供应短缺15初级商品市场行情电传报告Commodities dealers初级商品交易商Stock exchange证劵交易所Investment support投资支持Regained ground重得青睐Labour dispute劳务纠纷Export figures出口量Good resistance强烈抵制Discount rate贴现率Labour-agreement劳动协议Bleak outlook前景黯淡Futures markets期货市场Spot market现货市场Strategic stockpile战略性库存Take prices back使价格回升Terminal prices期货价格International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织Upward adjustment 上调Replacement costs重置成本。

Business Termsact as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connecti ons 外引内联link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 企业"工效挂钩"establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervisi on and incorruptible government 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qu alified professionals from outside 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场rise of knowledge-based economy 知识经济的兴起optimum portfolio 最佳投资组合payback period of investment 投资回收期China's Opening and a win-for-all World 中国的开放与世界的共赢self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system 社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展intensive processing 深加工greenmail 绿票欺诈high-yield, high-quality and high-return agriculture 三高农业（高产、高质、高效）simplify circulation and add more random checks 简化流通环节，增加随机检查actively in troduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outsi de 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 不合理收费、集资和摊派marginal productivity 边际生产力to ensure the continuity and stability of our basic line, principles and policies 保证基本路线和方针政策的连续性和稳定性to combine remuneration according to work with remuneration according to factors of pr oduction 把按劳分配和按生产要素分配结合起来policy of friendship and partnership with neighboring countries 以邻为善，以邻为伴put into practice the guidelines of the Party's Sixteenth National Congress and the Thir d Plenary Session of its Sixteenth Central Committee 贯彻落实党的十六大和十六届三中全会精神Business Termsa program of joint development,adjustment, cooperation and mergers 共建、调整、合作、合并debtor-in-possession (DIP) 债务人持有资产flight capital 外逃资本hedge 套期保值convert the land for forestry and pasture 退耕还林还牧overall national strength 综合国力diluted earning per share 摊薄每股收益moderately tight fiscal policy 适度从紧的财政政策real-time account settlement 实时达帐principles of self-administration, self-support and self-propagation 三自原则returns on eq uity (ROE) 权益回报率seek common ground on major questionwhile reserving differences on minor ones 求大同,存小异transformation of enterprise 企业转制restructuring of enterprise 企业改制chronic depression 慢性萧条virtuous circle 良性循环offshore market 离岸金融市场open-ended fund 开放式基金public bonds for construction 建设公债a principle of maintaining a basic balancebetween revenue and expenditures 财政收支基本平衡的原则scientific and technological enterprisesthat integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development 技工贸结合的科技型企业cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 脱贫致富Business Termscopyright licensing business 版权贸易exclusive right to purchase and sell 包购包销annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组guaranteed stock 保息股票retaliatory duty 报复性关税policy of tightening control over expenditure and credit 财政、信贷双紧方针balance alloc ation 差额拨款clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enter prise from administration, and scientific management 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sh aring of weal or woe 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共wait to buy with cash in hand 持币待购fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 充分利用两个市场，两种资源steering committee 筹划指导委员会foster integration with the global economy 促进全球经济一体化sell at a price lower than the purchasing price 倒挂销售trickle-down economy 滴入式经济Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation 贸易和投资自由化和便利化T-bond discount loans 国债贴息贷款an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府bellwether 领头羊currency retention scheme 货币留成制度city specifically designated in the state plan 计划单列市Emancipate the mind, Seek truth from the facts, Keep pace with the times 解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进(转自： MOFCOM ）Business Termswindfall loss 意外损失vessel entry 船舶报关unscheduled call 意外停靠unqualified acceptance 无条件费兑unmarketable goods 滞销货vertical merge 垂直兼并proprietary brand 自主品牌ten thousands of villages and thousands of townships 万村千乡special campaign 专项活动rise of central China 中部崛起revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 搞活国有大中型企业in an easy position 头寸宽裕State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 国家科技创新体系junk financing 垃圾融资"bottleneck" restriction 瓶颈制约going on the track of sound progress 走上良性发展的轨道industrial added value 工业增加值plug up loopholes 堵塞漏洞high degree of autonomy 高度自治the household contract responsibility system 家庭联产承包责任制inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄management by objectives 目标管理Business Termspeople first 以人为本build well-off society in an all-around way 全面建设小康社会base for overseas labor service 外派劳务基地lead the people forward in solidarity and press ahead with the reform resolutely 团结奋进，坚定不移地推进改革开放governing and rejuvenating the country 执政兴国two-way investment 双方相互投资locomotive in modern economy 现代经济的火车头market vacuum 产业缺位peaceful evolution 和平演变non-performing Asset 不良资产register system 备案制度grey area measures 灰色区域措施withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼decontrol of import and export 进出口权下放world multi-polarization and economic globalization 世界多极化、经济全球化fixed par of exchange 固定汇兑评价autarchy 闭关自守optimize the economic structure 优化经济结构gilt-edged bonds 金边债券underwrite 承购包销emancipate the mind, Seek truth from the facts, Keep pace with the times 解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China 中国加入工作组报告书Business Termsmerchandise held up by Customs 卡关货物whole-journey nanny service 保姆式全程服务mitigate risks 规避风险a sustained, rapid and sound development 持续快速健康发展fraudulence, overlapping and redundancy, IPR infringement 骗展、重复展和侵权现象pilot projects 试点项目haphazard investment 盲目投资merger and acquisition and capital operation,certification and brand-name promotion,festival sponsorship, and risk management 并购与资本运作、认证与品牌推广、节庆赞助与风险管理housing project for low-income urban residents 安居工程gear…to the international conventions 把…与国际接轨Greater Far East Co-prosperity Sphere 大东亚共荣圈strengthening co-operation in various fieldsaccords with the common wishes andfundamental interests of people in the two countries 加强各项领域的合作符合两国人民的共同心愿和根本利益prevent an overheated economy 防止经济过热steady development for mutual benefitsand win-win outcomes 稳步发展互利双赢safeguard the interests of right holders 维护知识产权权利人利益substantive motion 实质性的动议firm determination, clear-cut attitudeand effective actions 决心是坚定的，态度是鲜明的，行动是有力的applicable tariff rate 适用税率take an objective view andapproach of development towards 客观的、发展的眼光encouraging independent innovation,strengthening independent research anddevelopment capacity,and boosting international competitiveness 鼓励自主创新，增强自主研发能力，提高国际竞争力hold water 站得住脚governments set up the stage,various departments cooperate andenterprise put in the show 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏。

外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization for economic co-operation and development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷，卖方信贷等Manufactured goods工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院Standard of living 生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本，股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业Consumer goods 消费品Capital goods 资本货物Customs duties 进口税Technical transformation技术改造Provincial capital 省会inner regions 内地，内陆readily obtainable 轻易得到economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区uniform tax rate 统一税率profit-remittance利汇款率preferential tax rate 统一税率municipal govermment 市政府grassroots units 基层单位rules and regulations 规章制度comprehensive framework 综合准则public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制national people’s congress 全国人民到表大会seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud商业活动中心The world’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国Per capita 人均Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值American administration 美国政府China hands 中国通（华人）Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场“G reater china” trade bloc “大中华”集团Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值Private businesses 私有企业Competitive advantage 竞争优势High wage economy 高工资经济General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定Consumer eiectronics 电子产品Human rights 人权问题Preferred status 优惠地位，优先权State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片Brokerage services 经济业务Double digits 两位数4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气High rates of growth 高增长率The gulf crisis 海湾危机International conditions 国际坏境The group of seven 七国集团Continental Europe 欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策Weakness in demand 需求疲软Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格Foreign exchange 外汇Hard currencies 硬货币Severely indebted 负债严重The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合Commodity market 商品市场Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义（美元）价Constant(dollar)terms 不变（美元）价Real terms 实际价The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀指数The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣Interest rates 利率Unemployment rates 失业率Financial stress金融压力Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷Current account deficit 经常项目赤字Yield curve收益曲线European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值Structural transformation 结构转变，体制改革Trading partners 贸易伙伴The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率Debt restructuring债务调整Portfolio investment 证劵投资Per capita income 人均收入Fiscal adjustment 财政调整Investment liberalization 投资自由化Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议Budget deficit预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施Tight credit policies信贷紧缩政策Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会5关于美国的贸易策略与政策Trade representative贸易代表Trade policies 贸易政策Trade sanctions 贸易制裁Trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade surplus 贸易赤字North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定Trade priority 贸易优先权Government procurement 政府采购Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区Ttrade signals 贸易信号6欧盟的发展European community欧洲共同体The single market统一大市场The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场European integrationg 欧洲一体化The internal market 内部市场Marriage contract 结婚契约Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化Free-trade zone 自由贸易区Free market philosophy 自由市场论Economic benefits 经济利益Economic activity经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率Plant modennization工厂现代化Budget cuts 预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标Guantifiable results 定量结果，量化结果White paper 白皮书Uruguay round of trade talks乌拉圭回合谈判Average tariff 平均关税Manufactured goods制成品Bilateral surplus 双边顺差Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划Trade in goods 易货贸易International bodies 国际组织Industrial commodities 工业商品Business cycle商业周期Economic cycle经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易Consumer goods消费品Market share市场份额Households save家庭储蓄Budget deficit预算赤字Trade balance贸易差额Public opinion工众舆论Trade reprisals贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters公司总部Silicion valley硅谷Annual sales年销售额Nation economic machine国家经济结构Industrial infrastructure工业基础设施Investment capital投资资本Antidurmping suits反倾销起诉Fledging conglomerates新兴的跨行业工资Literacy rate脱盲率，识字率Middle class中产阶级Nouveau riche暴发户Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款Human-rights restrictions 人权限制Political liberalization政治自由化Political opposition政治反对派Driving force驱动力Labor-cost advantage劳动力成本优势Industrial group工业集团Basic industries基础工业Industrial structure工业结构Industrial giants大工业企业Business setback商业挫折Tax breaks税额优惠Direct subsidies直接补贴Market forces 市场力量Financial system金融体制Official interest rates官方汇率Consumer market消费市场9贸易新星Gulf region海湾地区Sovereignty dispute主权争端GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织Carbon tax双重税收Firm order实盘Non-oil trade非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity生产能力Government grants政府津贴Risk-weighted assets风险加权资产Import surcharge进口附加税Certificates of origin原产地证书The developing areas开发区Lucrative fees利率报酬10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织Economic growth促进经济发展Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策Liberal market自由贸易Market force市场力量Monopoly purchasing boards统购部门Export subsidies生产补贴The administration’goals政府目标Technical standards技术水平Anti-dumping measures反倾销措施Countervailing duty反倾销税，抵消性关税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in services服务贸易Farm-trade liberalization农业贸易自由化Majority vote多数选票Straight forward of vote直接否定权11易货贸易仍在使用I nternational financial institution国际金融机构Currency reserves货币储备Of equivalent value同等价值Mean of trade贸易方式Client states附属国International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织Multilateral trade多边贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Burden of debt债务负担Debt service=intrerst payment利息付款Debtor nation债务国Export earning出口收入Multinational corporations跨国公司Compensation agreements补偿贸易协定Clearing agreements清算系统Bilateral pacts双边协议Credit-starved信用危机Letter of credit信用证12市场竞争Test market试销市场Baby-boomers生育高峰期出生的人Consumer coupons消费优惠劵Price promotions价格促销Exclusive contract独家经销合同Competitive in price andguanlity价格和质量上的竞争力All-out sales campaigns大规模销售战役Hard sell硬销售Heavy discounting大幅度打折Soft drink软饮料Retail sales零售Special promotion特殊销售13市场分析Export market出口市场Fast food shop快餐The method of packing包装方式Subsidized competition补贴性竞争Grocery store杂货店Wet market鲜货市场The retial market零售市场Promote sales促销商品Export enhancement programe增加出口计划Structure of trade贸易结构Preserved duck eggs咸鸭蛋14初级商品市场Soft commodities非耐用初级产品Agricultural commodoties农产品Surplus produce剩余产品Financial futures以期货形式交易的有价证劵The money market货币市场The equity market一般的股票市场Basic raw materials基本原材料Conference on trade and development联合国贸易和发展协会Currency movements货币变动Special drawing right特别提取款Food price index食品价格指数Glut of supplies供应过剩Devastating consequences毁灭性后果Spin-offs副作用Cash-strapped现金短缺at its weakest萧条services sector服务部门official austerity programmers政府紧缩计划foreign exchange earnings外汇收入unit commodity price单位初级产品价格real interest rates实际利率stores of vaule储备价值liquid assets流动资产price volatility价格多变speculative business投机生意the patten of supply and demand供需模式export quote出口配额in short supply 供应短缺15初级商品市场行情电传报告Commodities dealers初级商品交易商Stock exchange证劵交易所Investment support投资支持Regained ground重得青睐Labour dispute劳务纠纷Export figures出口量Good resistance强烈抵制Discount rate贴现率Labour-agreement劳动协议Bleak outlook前景黯淡Futures markets期货市场Spot market现货市场Strategic stockpile战略性库存Take prices back使价格回升Terminal prices期货价格International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织Upward adjustment 上调Replacement costs重置成本。

有活力的 dynamic 不断急剧下降 to spiral downwards 缺乏活力 sluggish 赤字 red ink 律师事务所 law firm 积极进取的占领市场 Be more aggressive in capturing China’s growing market 贸易壁垒 trade barrier 以出口为导向的增长 export-led growth 比较优势 comparative advantage 国际劳动分工 international division of labor
欧元区 the Euro-zone 尚可的经济增长率 respectable economic growth rate 经济呆滞—不景气 economic slack 金融状况 monetary condition 成为……的牺牲品 fell victim to currency crises 脆弱的资本逃离 Be vulnerable to capital flight
Lesson 3 黑洞 black hole 世界工厂 world’s workshop 扩大生产 expand production 增加产量 boost output 给与享用……的权利[机会] To be given full access to 专利 patent 收购 acquisition 合并 consolidation 使……并入…… Merge ....into .... [大宗的]收入 revenue 咨询公司 consultancy 向海外转移生产 shift production overseas 高端产品 high-end product 商品 innovation good 增长的销售额 boost sales 研究和开发 research and development 智囊团 think tank 劳动密集型的 labour-intensive 品牌 brand 倾销 dump 猛增 soar 便携式电脑 laptop 出口才干 export prowess 管理和经营的专门知识技能 Managerial and operational expertise 生产能力 production capacity 亚洲金融危机 the Asian financial crisis 规模效益 economies of scales 逐步停止[生产] phase out 王牌 the ace in the hole 调查 survey 相当多的利润 a decent profit 放松贸易限制 loosen trade restrictions 最高管理层 top management 达到设计和质量的标准 to be up to current standards in industrial design and quality