2017-2018初赛模拟测试题(1)及答案

高中化学竞赛初赛模拟试卷（01）（时间：3小时满分：100分）第一题（6分）锦上添花：（根据已有内容的规律进行增补）1．填分子式：（1）①C2H6②C8H18③________ ④C80H162（2）①________ ②MgO ③SO3④CuSO4（3）①Fe2O3②③Na2O2④FeSO4·7H2O ⑤CuSO4·5H2O ⑥2．填化学方程式：①2Na＋2H2O＝2NaOH＋H2↑②2C＋SiO2＝Si＋CO↑③2H2S＋O2＝2S＋2H2O ④____________________________。

第二题（12分）1．2003年底，重庆发生井喷毒气伤人事件，这主要是混杂在中的H2S、______等有毒气体使人中毒。

检测H2S可用试纸。

2．硫和氧都是ⅥA族的元素，硫化氢中的一个H可以被乙基替代，得到乙硫醇，其化学式为。

其同系物异丙硫醇的化学式分别是。

3．类似地，如果丙酮中的O被S替代，得到CH3－CS－CH3，则其命名为；同样，已知CH3－CO－SH命名为乙硫羟酸，则CH3－CS－OH可命名为。

4．苯硫酚的酸性比苯酚。

5．1mol化合物HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH能与mol的NaOH反应。

6．HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH电离常数分别Ka1、Ka2、Ka3（Ka1＞Ka2＞Ka3），指出Ka1、Ka2、Ka3相对应的基团各是哪个？１完成下列各步反应的化学反应式1．由AgCl制备AgNO3：将gCl溶解在氨水中，电解，所得产物溶于硝酸；2．由Hg2Cl2得到Hg：浓硝酸氧化，加热至干，溶于热水后电解；3．由Pb5(VO4)3Cl得到V：盐酸加热溶解（无气体产生），金属铝还原。

第四题（6分）某溶液含Fe 10.0mg，现将它苹取入某有机溶剂中，其分配比为D＝99。

1．当用等体积的该溶剂萃取两次后，水相中剩余的Fe是多少mg？2．若用等体积水将上述合并后的有机相洗一次，将损失多少mg的Fe？3．若将洗后分出的水相以适当的方法显色后，定容至50.00mL，然后用1.0cm的比色皿测其吸光度，设摩尔吸光系数ε为2.0×104L·mol－1·cm－1，计算其吸光度。

第1 页共45 页2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS ）D 类（研究生）初赛真题试卷一（精品）2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS ）D 类初赛真题试卷一及详细答案（精品）目录2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS ）D 类初赛真题试卷一（精品）......................................................................1 2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS ）D 类初赛真题试卷一详细答案（精品）.................................................. 18 2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS ）D 类初赛真题试卷一（精品）(总分160, 做题时间90分钟) Part ⅠVocabulary andStructure Section A 1. Residents will be able to work on______board, and______number of contracts have already been signed for restaurants, shops and businesses. A the; a B /; the C a; the D /; a 2. 2. Some Some Some children children children living living living in in in Europe Europe Europe don't don't don't have have have any______to any______to any______to learn learn learn a a a foreign foreign language. They just cannot see why they should learn it. A ability B motivation C stress D interaction 3. 3. W e W e explained explained explained why why why his his his plan plan plan doesn't doesn't doesn't work, work, work, but but but he he he is is is very______and very______and very______and won't won't change his mind. A promising B strict C conscious D stubborn 4. The Nobel Peace Prize is______by the vast fortune Alfred Nobel______selling explosives. A found; developed into B founded; coming out C funded; made out of D fund; started from 5. Reading______pleasure and looking for opportunities to read in English are the two factors most closely related______successful language learning. A for; to B in; with C with; for D by; to 6. 6. There There There is is is no no no doubt, doubt, doubt, in in in my my my opinion, opinion, opinion, ______matters ______matters ______matters is is is not not not the the the speed, speed, speed, but but but the the quality of the project. A that that B what that C what if D that what 7. In England and Wales the subjects taught in school are______by the National Curriculum, ______was introduced in 1988. A settled down; that B laid down; which C taken up; it D set off; what 8. If the mayor______more concerned with education, he______a law reducing class sizes in our schools. A were; would pass B hasn't been; will pass C isn't; will pass D had; would pass 9. It is not practical to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with______. A back and forth B once for all C by nature D in detail 10. Hardly had Professor Wilson finished his speech______the audience started cheering. A since B than C when D as 11. 11. ______that ______that ______that the the the partnership partnership partnership between between between the the the two two two countries countries countries reached reached reached its its its highest highest point. A During the 1990s B It was the 1990s C That it was in the 1990s D It was in the 1990s 12. —Hello. Pacific Airlines. Can I help you? —Yes. ______My name is Andy Philips.—Let me check. Please hold on a minute...You are leaving for Chicago at 3: 30 tomorrow afternoon. —Right. Thank you. A I'd like to reconfirm my flight. B I would like to book an air ticket. C Is there any flight to Chicago tonight? D When will the flight to Chicago leave? 13. —So, So, Terry. Terry. You've been been in in in London London London quite quite quite a a a long long long time time time now. now. —Y es.—______How ______How does does does that that that compare compare compare with with with the the the United United United States?States?—Well, Well, I I I think think think life's life's life's a a a lot lot easier in the United States. It's easier to make money and spend it there. A When are you going to leave? B When did you come here? C What's your impression of living here? D What did you do before you came to England? 14. —______Phone me when you can.—I will. As soon as I come out of it, I'll give give you you you a a a ring.ring.—When When will will will you you you know know know if if if you've you've you've got got got the the the job?job?—They'll They'll send send send me me me a a letter in the next few days. If they offer me the job, I'll accept it. A What are you doing today? B Good luck with the interview! C My mobile phone doesn't work. D How long have you been away from home? 15. —Are you ready for the trip to the Big Apple? I can hardly wait. —The Big Apple?______—The Big Apple is the nickname for New York. You're going to New York with us, aren't you? —Yes, I am. I'm especially looking forward to seeing the Museum of Modern Art. There's a special show of 20th century American painters there. A What if I want to go to a pub? B What are you talking about? C How can I get to New York? D Where is the new museum? Part Ⅱ ClozeJoe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes Mountains. They reached the top 【C1】______(success)but on their way back conditions were very difficult. Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that 【C2】______ Simon continued alone, he would probably get back safely. But Simon decided to risk his life and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a 【C3】ro______. The weather got worse as they went down. Then another disaster 【C4】h______. They couldn't see or hear each other and, by mistake , Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(悬崖). It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for for Simon Simon Simon to to to pull pull pull him him him up. up. up. Joe's Joe's 【C5】______(weigh)was ______(weigh)was pulling pulling pulling Simon Simon Simon slowly slowly towards towards the the the precipice. precipice. precipice. Finally, Finally, Finally, after after after more more more than than than an an an hour hour hour in in in the the the dark dark dark and and and the the 【C6】______(ice)cold, ______(ice)cold, Simon Simon Simon had had had to to to make make make a a a decision. decision. decision. He He He cut cut cut the the the rope. rope. Joe Joe fell fell fell into into into a a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below —but he survived. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk, but he 【C7】man______to get out of the crevasse. Then he started to hop and crawl towards their camp, nearly ten kilometres away. Simon had returned to the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 【C8】______, but he didn't want to leave immediately. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe's voice calling his name. He couldn't believe it. Joe was there, a few metres from their tent, still 【C9】______(live). Simon felt guilty about about cutting cutting 【C10】______rope, ______rope, but but but both both both men men men believed believed believed he he he had had had done done done everything everything possible to save his friend. 1. 【C1】2. 【C2】3. 【C3】4. 【C4】5. 【C5】6. 【C6】7. 【C7】8. 【C8】9. 【C9】10. 【C10】Part Ⅲ Reading ComperhensionSection APublic holidays and festivals are an important part of a country's life. They give everyone a break from routine and they form part of the annual life in that country. Sometimes they celebrate a day in a country's history, commemorate a special person , mark the passing of time or celebrate a religious festival.Many national festivals have been been celebrated celebrated celebrated for for for years, years, years, but but but occasionally occasionally occasionally new new new ones ones ones come come come along along along and and and old old old ones ones gradually disappear. This is unlikely to happen to Burns' Night or St. Patrick's Day, however. The two festivals are celebrated far beyond their native land. The first of these, these, Burns' Burns' Burns' Night Night Night on on on 25 25 25 January, January, January, marks marks marks the the the birthday birthday birthday of of of the the the Scottish Scottish Scottish poet poet poet Robert Robert Burns(1759—1796). 1796). It It It is is is celebrated celebrated celebrated by by by his his his countrymen countrymen countrymen and and and admirers, admirers, admirers, not not not only only only in in Scotland Scotland but but but all all all over over over the the the world, world, world, from from from New New New Y Y ork to to Sydney, Sydney, from from Toronto Toronto to Tokyo.On Tokyo.On Burns' Burns' Burns' Night Night Night the the the guests guests guests eat eat eat haggis. haggis. haggis. Haggis Haggis Haggis is is is chopped chopped chopped mutton mutton mutton and and and other other ingredients encased in sheep's gut, which is boiled before being served. The haggis is brought into the room to the sound of the bagpipes and the chief guest "addresses" it reciting Burns' poem "Ode to the Haggis". After eating, the other guests recite more of of Burns' Burns' Burns' poems, poems, poems, sing sing sing Scottish Scottish Scottish tunes tunes tunes and and and drink drink drink a a a lot lot lot of of of whisky. whisky. Another Another widely widely celebrated celebrated festival festival festival is is is St. St. St. Patrick's Patrick's Patrick's Day(17 Day(17 Day(17 March), March), March), which which which celebrates celebrates celebrates the the the life life life of of of the the 5th-century saint, St. Patrick. St. Patrick was Bishop of Ireland, and it is said that he gave Ireland its national symbol when he illustrated his religious teaching with the shamrock —a a three-leafed three-leafed three-leafed clover. clover. clover. But But But the the the festival festival festival is is is now now now more more more than than than anything anything anything a a celebration of "Irishness" , whether it takes place in Dublin, Auckland, Melbourne, Montreal Montreal or or or Boston. Boston. On On St. St. St. Patrick's Patrick's Patrick's Day Day Day there there there are are are big big big parades, parades, parades, and and and people people people wear wear shamrocks. In some places people add green colouring to the beer and even to rivers and streams. They go out and have " a good craic"(pronounced "crack")—Irish for good fun. Questions 56—60 Complete the table with no more than three words from the passage. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Section B People People wear wear wear clothes clothes clothes to to to protect protect protect their their their bodies bodies bodies from from from the the the cold cold cold or or or the the the burning burning burning sun, sun, from insect bites and injuries, and from the unwelcome eyes of strangers. However, what people wear wear can can can also also also convey convey convey a a a message message message about about about who who who they they they are are are and their and their role in society.For society.For example, example, example, visit nearly visit nearly any any country country country in in in the the the world world world and and and you you you will will will notice notice notice that that young people everywhere are wearing fashionable blue jeans. They wear them not for work, but for social occasions such as parties and concerts. The jeans are somewhat of an index of how these young people view themselves : I'm modern and stylish. I'm different different from from from the the the traditional traditional traditional older older older generation. generation. 【B1】______They ______They can can can convey convey allegiance allegiance to to to schools schools schools and and and sports sports sports teams, teams, teams, advertise advertise advertise places places places or or or products, products, products, serve serve serve as as wearable wearable travel travel travel souvenirs, souvenirs, souvenirs, and and and commemorate commemorate commemorate important important important occasions. occasions. occasions. These These These messages messages clearly tell others, This is what I want you to know about me. 【B2】______It says that the person wants to impress others with his or her professional status. A fitted jacket jacket and and and matching matching matching trousers trousers trousers constitute constitute constitute a a a man's man's man's suit, suit, suit, while while while a a a fitted fitted fitted jacket jacket jacket and and matching skirt constitute a woman's suit. A collared shirt and a necktie are integral parts parts of of of the the the man's man's man's outfit, outfit, outfit, while while while stockings stockings stockings and and and high-heeled high-heeled high-heeled shoes shoes shoes complete complete complete the the woman's. 【B3】______Military personnel are easy to identify by their uniforms. The same is true for civil emergency personnel like police officers and firefighters. In certain contexts, special clothing is worn to differentiate not only the occupation of people, but also their authority. For example, the chef's tall white hat indicates his job and and that that that he's he's he's in in in charge charge charge in in in the the the restaurant's restaurant's restaurant's kitchen. kitchen. 【B4】______ ______ For For For example, example, Scotsmen Scotsmen were were were distinctive distinctive distinctive tartans tartans tartans to to to show show show their their their clan clan clan affiliation, affiliation, affiliation, just just just as as as school school uniforms identify children as students at a certain school.【B5】______In Western societies, societies, women women —and and often often often men men —wear wear wedding wedding wedding rings rings rings on on on their their their left left left hands. hands. hands. Other Other cultures cultures use use use different different different symbols. symbols. symbols. Hindu Hindu Hindu women, women, women, for for for example, example, example, wear wear wear a a a red red red powder powder powder in in their hair after they marry. Clothing serves many functions beyond just protecting our our bodies. bodies. bodies. Clothing Clothing Clothing can can can tell tell tell a a a lot lot lot about about about the the the people people people who who who wear wear wear it. it. it. Questions Questions Questions 6161—65Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that that you you you do do do not not not need need need to to to use.A. use.A. use.A. Clothing Clothing Clothing might might might also also also show show show which which which group group group a a a person person belongs belongs to.B. to.B. to.B. An An An even even even more more more direct direct direct means means means whereby whereby whereby people people people make make make statements statements statements about about themselves is via messages printed on T-shirts.C. A uniform identifies the occupation of of many many many people.D. people.D. people.D. Societies Societies Societies choose choose choose different different different ways ways ways to to to show show show marital marital marital status.E. status.E. status.E. Jeans Jeans make such an important statement that, in some groups, a person might be judged by the the brand brand brand of of of jeans jeans jeans he he he or or or she she she is is is wearing.F. wearing.F. wearing.F. Often Often Often the the the original original original significance significance significance of of of the the clothing clothing has has has been been been forgotten forgotten forgotten or or or has has has changed changed changed over over over time.G. time.G. time.G. Just Just Just as as as blue blue blue jeans jeans jeans and and T-shirts say a great deal about the people who are wearing them, so does the Western business suit. 6. 【B1】7. 【B2】8. 【B3】9. 【B4】10. 【B5】Section C China's first Nobel Prize winner in in physiology physiology or medicine, Tu Youyou, celebrated celebrated her her her 86 86 86 th th th birthday birthday birthday by by by signing signing signing an an an official official official agreement agreement agreement to to to donate donate donate 1 1 1 million million yuan yuan to to to establish establish establish the the the Peking Peking Peking University University University Tu Tu Tu Youyou Youyou Youyou Talent Talent Talent Award Award Award Foundation.The Foundation.The initiative will provide financial support and incentives to the university's students and young young teachers teachers teachers of of of medicine. medicine. A A vice-chairman vice-chairman vice-chairman of of of the the the National National National Committee Committee Committee of of of the the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a vice-minister of education witnessed the signing at Tu's residence on December 25th, 2016, a few days before her her birthday birthday birthday on on on December December December 30th. 30th. "I've "I've gotten gotten gotten to to to where where where I I I am am am now now now thanks thanks thanks to to to the the university's university's medicine medicine medicine programme," programme," programme," Tu Tu Tu says. says. says. "I "I "I hope hope hope the the the younger younger younger generation generation generation can can achieve even more. " Young researchers enjoy a favourable environment compared with the past, as the country is now very supportive of science and innovation, she says. Tu is best-known for discovering the use of artemisinin(青蒿素)and dihydroartemisinin(双氢青蒿素)to treat malaria(疟疾). She shared the Nobel Prize in 2015 with Irishman William Campbell and Japanese Satoshi Omura for developing therapies against malaria and infections caused by roundworm parasites. That made her her the the the first first first Chinese Chinese Chinese Nobel Nobel Nobel winner winner winner in in in physiology physiology physiology or or or medicine, medicine, medicine, and and and the the the first first first Nobel Nobel winner whose education and research was completed exclusively in China.Tu enrolled enrolled in in in Peking Peking Peking University's University's University's medicine medicine medicine school(now school(now school(now the the the Peking Peking Peking University University University Health Health Science Centre)in 1951. After graduation, she continued her studies and research of fusing traditional Chinese and modern Western medicines at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, where she still works. She won the top medical-science prize, the Lasker Award, in 2011. She was the first Chinese to claim the honour. Her foundation foundation will will will award award award 5, 5, 5, 000 000 000 yuan yuan yuan per per per student student student and and and 25, 25, 25, 000 000 000 yuan yuan yuan per per per teacher. teacher. teacher. The The foundation's annual earnings will determine the number of recipients each year. The PKU Health Science Centre, founded in 1912, ranks among China's most prestigious medical schools. It has earned international prominence for its researchers' achievements. And some of the research has been published in the journal Science. Questions 66—70 Answer the following questions according to the passage. 11. How did Tu Youyou celebrate her 86th birthday? 12. What was Tu Youyou's contribution to medicine? 13. Who won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine of 2015? 14. 14. How How How many many many students students students and and and young young young teachers teachers teachers can can can receive receive receive awards awards awards from from from the the foundation each year? 15. When was the Peking University Health Science Centre founded? Section DIn In this this this age age age of of of consumerism, consumerism, consumerism, many many many people people people are are are finding finding finding themselves themselves themselves overloaded overloaded with with possessions possessions possessions and and and a a a desire desire desire for for for even even even more, more, more, probably probably probably as as as a a a result result result of of of the the the countless countless advertisements we are exposed to. With advertisers finding new ways to get people to buy their products, a movement towards living a simpler non-consumer life is taking   newspaper newspaper newspaper columnist columnist columnist Craig Craig Craig Wilson Wilson Wilson spent spent spent all all all of of of 2003 2003 2003 spending spending spending the the the least least amount of money possible. He allowed himself to purchase books, music and gifts. Otherwise, Otherwise, he he he would would would not not not permit permit permit himself himself himself to to to buy buy buy anything anything anything new. new. new. Although Although Although he he he had had had to to avoid certain stores, he was able to achieve his goal. He claims the experience was beneficial, and he continues to keep shopping to a minimum. Popular author Judith Levine came up with the idea and also found the experiment worthwhile. In 2006, a group group of of of ten ten ten friends friends friends in in in San San San Francisco Francisco Francisco took took took the the the idea idea idea and and and made made made a a a pledge pledge pledge to to to live live live as as cheaply cheaply as as as possible possible possible for for for a a a year. year. year. They They They posted posted posted their their their agreement agreement agreement online online online and and and attracted attracted thousands of supporters, many of whom promised to join. An appearance on US TV led to global publicity and and more more more members members members joined joined joined them. them. The The pledge pledge pledge followed followed followed two two rules: rules: 1)Don't 1)Don't 1)Don't buy buy buy new new new products products products of of of any any any kind, kind, kind, and and and 2)either 2)either 2)either borrow borrow borrow or or or buy buy buy used used merchandise. They allowed several exceptions to the rules. Although a few members failed failed to to to follow follow follow the the the rules rules rules at at at times, times, times, they they they generally generally generally succeeded succeeded succeeded and and and most most most of of of them them continue their pledge to this day. Says Rachel, " It makes you change the way you look at things and appreciate what you have. " She estimates that she saved $4,000 that year. There are critics of the simplicity movement. Author Ted Nordhaus warns that this movement is unlikely to be successful on a large scale. Developing nations need need markets markets markets for for for what what what they they they produce. produce. produce. He He He says, says, says, "To "To "To live live live is is is to to to consume, consume, consume, and and and only only technology and innovation can begin to address these global issues. " Though living more simply may not solve all of the world's problems, many of us could reconsider our consumption practices that are putting a strain on our natural resources and add to rising levels of pollution. Indeed, in times when money is short, more people will be reducing their spending out of necessity, rather than out of concern for the environment. Regardless of the motivation, radically rethinking the ways we spend money money and and and value value value possessions possessions possessions may may may be be be just just just what what what the the the world world world needs. needs. needs. Questions Questions Questions 7171—75Complete the summary with a maximum of two words from the passage, changing the form where necessary.Due to the negative effects of 【R1】______, many people are making an effort to reduce their amount of spending. They try to make their lives【R2】______by shopping less for new products they may not really need. A group of friends attracted so much 【R3】______with their plan to avoid buying new products. They did allow for some 【R4】______ to their no-shopping rules. There are some critics, however, who don't believe the movement will 【R5】______ on a large scale. But many people still think it is necessary to rethink the ways we spend money and the value of new possessions. 【R1】【R2】【R3】【R4】【R5】ⅣBicycle sharing has been a hotly debated topic over the past two years. Bicycles are nothingexotic to Chinese people. In the 1960s and 1970s, every family dream to own a bicycle, 【M1】______considering it a symbol of household wealth. In the 1980s, bicycles became a daily necessity andmost important means of transport for the Chinese. Since the 1990s, bicycles have lost 【M2】______their popularity as cars have have gradually gradually gradually dominated dominated dominated China's China's China's streets. streets. streets. Even Even Even today, today, today, cars cars cars remain remain remain the the the symbols symbols symbols for for fortune in society. Currently, bicycle sharing is fueling a cycling renaissance.【M3】______Public bicycle rental systems have been established in many countries, most by the 【M4】______government. Citizens only need to insert coins or swipe a special card to rent a bicycle and then return it to a fixed spot. And China's bicycle-sharing market is nothing like that. Equipped with a 【M5】______GPS system, "Mobike" and "ofo" , China's two largest bicycle rental startups, they enable 【M6】______people to locate, locate, book, book, and and unlock unlock a a bicycle bicycle in their neighbourhood via a a smartphone. smartphone. Cyclerscan drop the bicycle somewhere as long as it doesn't disturb traffic. To some extent, 【M7】______China's bicycle-sharing industry has provided more convenience convenience to to to city city city commuters. commuters. 【M8】______In ______In 2015, 2015, 2015, the the the numbers numbers numbers of of of shared shared bicycles in China exceeded every other country. Although 【M9】______the future of this business model is still unclear, bicycle-sharing is bound to change people's ways of of travel. travel. travel. It It It embodies embodies embodies China's China's China's focus focus focus on on on efficiency, efficiency, efficiency, high high high costs costs costs and and and environmental environmental protection.【M10】______ 1. 【M1】2. 【M2】3. 【M3】4. 【M4】5. 【M5】6. 【M6】7. 【M7】8. 【M8】9. 【M9】10. 【M10】Part Ⅴ TranslationSection A1. The Times is one of Britain's oldest and most influential newspapers. It began its its life life life in in in 1785. 1785. 1785. In In In the the the nineteenth nineteenth nineteenth century, century, century, The The The Times Times Times developed developed developed a a a reputation reputation reputation for for accurate reporting and independent editorial views. It is published in London, along with its sister newspaper, The Sunday Times, which has at least ten sections and takes all week to read! " The Times has had an excellent reputation for over 200 years," said its editor, who has worked for the paper since 1980, "and now we are trying our best best to to to continue continue continue that that that tradition tradition tradition in in in order order order to to to produce produce produce a a a newspaper newspaper newspaper for for for the the the twenty-first twenty-first century. " Section B【T1】 剪纸，顾名思义，就是用剪刀把纸剪成图形(graphics)。

甘肃天水市第一中学2017-2018学年高二下学期第一次学业水平模拟测试语文试题及答案人教版高二下册天水市第一中学2016级2017—2018学年学业水平测试模拟题语文本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

满分100分，考试时间为120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（阅读题共50分）一、（6分，每小题2分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

在审美活动中，感知是出发点，理解是认识性因素，感知在生理上，理解在逻辑程序中都是常数，正是想象才使它们成了变数。

想象大概是审美中的关键，正是它使感知超出自身，正是它使理解不走向概念，正是它使情感能构造另一个多样化的幻想世界。

动物没有想象，只有人能想象。

想象从一开始便贯穿在感知里。

想象把某些经验的（或体验的）东西提出来进行回忆、联想、类比、期待，把脑中一些模模糊糊的东西明确下来。

想象是既与个别事物有关联的，又具有主动支配性和综合统一性的感性活动。

正因为想象极为丰富和复杂，不为概念性的认识所规范，所以想象才多义而宽泛。

想象又常常与情感、欲望等本能相联系，受后者支配，具有无意识的意向性。

在审美欣赏中，对内在意义的理解，不是靠概念而正是靠想象来联系的。

高尔基的《海燕》没有明确的讲革命，却给人以革命的启示。

这是通过想象，即由想象来负载审美理解。

想象在心理学中一般分为再现性想象和创造性想象。

想象还包括联想，联想分为接近联想、类比联想等等。

接近联想如由齐白石画的《岁朝图》（爆竹）而感到春节的气氛，类比联想如用花比美人、用暴雨比革命等等。

此外，无意识中的变形、浓缩、重叠、不遵守同一律（是A又是非A）等种种非理性的想象，在现代文艺中也广泛流行。

艺术作品之所以必须具有“空白点”、之所以具有朦胧性、不确定性，便正是为了给想象以抒发活动的天地。

如果没有这种活动，这个美感也就建立不起来。

想象的这种广阔性使艺术与生活的对应关系变得十分复杂和深刻。

古典主义的三一律和模拟论美学早已被弃若敝屣，主观心理的时空和主体感受的真实占领了现代艺术的中心。

NOIP2017提高组初赛试题及答案一、单项选择题（共15 题，每题1.5 分，共计22.5 分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项）1. 从( )年开始，NOIP 竞赛将不再支持Pascal 语言。

C A. 2020 B. 2021 C. 2022 D. 20232.在8 位二进制补码中，10101011 表示的数是十进制下的( )。

B A. 43 B. -85 C. -43 D.-843.分辨率为1600x900、16 位色的位图，存储图像信息所需的空间为( )。

AA. 2812.5KBB. 4218.75KBC. 4320KBD. 2880KB4. 2017年10月1日是星期日，1949年10月1日是( )。

C A. 星期三 B. 星期日 C. 星期六 D. 星期二5. 设G 是有n 个结点、m 条边(n ≤m)的连通图，必须删去G 的( )条边，才能使得G 变成一棵树。

AA.m–n+1B. m-nC. m+n+1D.n–m+16. 若某算法的计算时间表示为递推关系式：T(N)=2T(N/2)+NlogN T(1)=1则该算法的时间复杂度为( )。

C A.O(N) B.O(NlogN) C.O(N log2N) D.O(N2)7. 表达式a * (b + c) * d的后缀形式是()。

B A. abcd*+* B. abc+*d* C. a*bc+*d D. b+c*a*d8. 由四个不同的点构成的简单无向连通图的个数是( )。

C A. 32 B. 35 C. 38D. 419. 将7个名额分给4个不同的班级，允许有的班级没有名额，有( )种不同的分配方案。

D A. 60 B. 84 C. 96 D.12010. 若f[0]=0, f[1]=1, f[n+1]=(f[n]+f[n-1])/2，则随着i的增大，f[i]将接近与( )。

BA. 1/2B. 2/3 D. 111. 设A和B是两个长为n的有序数组，现在需要将A和B合并成一个排好序的数组，请问任何以元素比较作为基本运算的归并算法最坏情况下至少要做( )次比较。

2018 年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C 类初赛真题试及详细答案Part ⅠSection A1.Some bacteria extremely harmful, but are regularly used in producing cheeses, crackers and many other foods.A is: the othersB has been: the othersC are: othersD have been: others2.It was once a very prosperous part of the city, but now many of the businesses have moved away or gone .A bankruptcyB bankruptC bankruptedD to bankrupt3.When one is unfamiliar with the local customs, it is easy to make a .A blameB blunderC commitmentD fault4.your timely advice, I would never have known how to deal with the tough job.A But forB Except forC Not untilD Prior to5.I'd his reputation with other drug dealers and business people in the city, and then make a decision about whether or not to a loan.A account for: supportB make up for: objectC take account of: approveD wipe out: oppose6., a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Were other things equalB Other things to be equalC Other things being equalD To be equal to other things7.In the book The Storied Life of A. J. Fikry, a valuable book was lost for years when it turned up one day, quite out of the .A blackB blueC redD white8.True patriotism putting the interests of one's country above everything, includingone's own life.A copes withB derives fromC takes inD relies on9.My father decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and .A a master's degree must attainB must attain my master's degreeC attain my master's degreeD my master's degree be attained10.Libraries have reference books you can check out a physician's educational background, training, and other credentials.A from thatB of whichC through thatD by which11.The term BRIC was first by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill in a research paper, BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China.A coined: in whichB invented: of itC made up: andD produced: that12.Had Dickens foreseen that his novel would cause such a disturbance, he it.A should not have writtenB would not have writtenC didn't writeD had not written13.—I'm concerned about your weight, I think you should go on a diet.——Good, then you might as well start right away.A You're so kind, but I don't have to do that.B Actually, I've been thinking about the same thing.C Definitely. What about my blood pressure then?D Oh my! You know it's such a tough job for me.14.—Let me ask you some questions about the accident you witnessed.——Thank you. When did the accident occur?A Yes, I really enjoyed it.B It's none of my business.C Sure, go ahead.D Oh, stop teasing me.15.——It should be good. I'm looking forward to taking it.A Do you like computer games?B How about cleaning the room with me?C What do you think the computer course will be like?D What are you going to do after you graduate from high school?Part ⅡClozeBeing able to multi-task is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called" Generation M" are spending a considerable amount of their time on 【C1】(fruit)efforts as they multi-task. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after another.Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time as they are working, young adults are also【C2】sur the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the phone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along, it too is added to the list rather than【C3】(place)one of the existing devices. Other research ha【s C4】ind that this multi-tasking is even affecting the way of families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can 【C5】longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table. All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at 【C6】uni and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a 【C7 】(favour)response. The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multi-tasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later【C8】dev of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people【C9】ent the workforce need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays, in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due 【C10 】respect of the way today's youth are able to cope, despite what the older generation throw at them.1.【C1】2.【C2】3.【C3】4.【C4】5.【C5】6.【C6】7.【C7】8.【C8】9.【C9】10.【C10】Part ⅢReading ComperhensionSection ALook at an atlas. How are mountains shown? Where are the highest mountains? A few mountains stand alone, such as Mount Egmont in New Zealand, and Mount Kenya in Africa. Most mountains are found in long chains called mountain ranges. The Pennines, the Cambrian Mountains, the Alps, the Andes and Rockies are examples of mountain ranges. The highest mountain range on the Earth is the Himalayas in Asia.In order to understand how mountains are formed, we need to know what the inside of the Earth is like. The Earth is made up of layers of rock. The outside layer of rock, the one we live on, is called the Earth's crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle. Near the top of the mantle, some of the rocks have melted and are a liquid, like sticky tar. Because all the rocks around it press on the mantle, the molten rock tries to force its way out. If the molten rock does find a weak spot, it bursts through the Earth's crust, forming a volcano. Some mountains were made by volcanoes. The Earth's crust is made up of large pieces, called plates, which fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Some of the plates carry continents, others carry oceans. The plates move slowly, floating on the molten rocks of the mantle below. As the plates move, theypush against each other, slowly pushing up the rocks in folds to form mountains. India used to be a long way from Asia, but gradually the plate with India on it moved closer to the plate bearing Asia. The rocks in the sea between India and Asia were pushed up in folds that now form the Himalayan mountain range. That is why it is sometimes possible to find seashells near the tops of the Himalayas. Many other mountain ranges, including the Alps, Rockies and Pen-nines , are similar great folds of rock. While some plates are pushing together, others are moving further apart. Europe and North America are slowly moving further apart. Each year the Atlantic Ocean is a few centimetres wider. As the rocks move, they often crack or break. These breaks are called faults. Sometimes, great blocks of rocks are pushed up between two faults. These blocks may be so large and high that they form mountains. Some of the highland areas of East Africa are block mountains, so are the Vosges mountains in France and the Sierra Nevada mountains in the western United States. Block mountains often have flat tops. A flat-topped highland is called a plateau.Questions 56—60 Complete the following form with no more than three words according to the passage.56.57.58.59.60.Section BBy studying the notebooks, correspondence, and conversations of some of the world's great thinkers in science, art, and industry, scholars have identified the following thinking strategies that enable geniuses to generate original ideas:【B1】Sigmund Freud's analytical methods were designed to find details that didn't fit traditional paradigms in order to come up with a completely new point of view. To solve a problem creatively , you must abandon the first approach that comes to mind, which usually stems from past experience , and reconceptualize the problem. Geniuses do not merely solve existing problems: they identify new ones. 【B2 】Geniuses develop visual and spatial abilities that allow them to display information in new ways. The explosion of creativity in the Renaissance was tied to the development of graphic illustration during that period, notably the scientific diagrams of Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei. Galileo revolutionized science by making his thought graphically visible while his contemporaries used more conventional means. Geniuses produce. Thomas Edison held 1,093 patents, still a record. He guaranteed a high level of productivity by giving himself idea quotas: one minor invention every ten days and a major invention every six months. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote a cantata every week even when he was sick. Wolfgang Mozart produced more than 600 pieces of music. 【B3 】Like playful children with buckets of building blocks, geniuses constantly combine and recombine ideas, images, and thoughts. The laws of heredity were developed by Gregor Mendel , who combined mathematics and biology to create a new science of genetics. 【B4 】Their facility to connect the unconnected enables geniuses to see things others miss. Da Vinci noticed the similarity between the sound of a bell and a stone hitting water-and concluded that sound travels in waves. 【B5 】Whenever we attempt to do something and fail, we end up doing something else.That's the first principle of creative accident. We may ask ourselves why we have failed to do what we intended, which is a reasonable question. But the creative accident leads to the question: What have we done? Answering that one in a novel, unexpected way is the essential creative act. It is not luck, but creative insight of the highest order. This may be the most important lesson of all: When you find something interesting, drop everything and go with it. Too many talented people fail to make significant leaps of imagination because they've become fixated on their pre-conceived plan. Butnot the truly great minds. They don't wait for gifts of chance: they make them happen. Questions 61 —65Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. Geniuses make their thought visible.B. Geniuses prepare themselves for enhance.C. Geniuses make novel combinations.D. Geniuses look at problems from all angles.E. Geniuses have a really broad mind.F. Geniuses force relationships.G. Geniuses are powerful in lots of aspects.6.【B1】7.【B2】8.【B3】9.【B4】10.【B5】Section CThe Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years. Here are some things you must know.There are many legends about the evolution of the festival , the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan(340—278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of China's earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However, he was opposed by aristocrats and later deposed and exiled by King Huai. In his exiled days, he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao(The Lament), Tian Wen(Heavenly Questions)and Jiu Ge(Nine Songs), which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC, he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu's capital, so he finished his last piece Huai Sha(Embracing Sand)and plunged himself into the Miluo River, clasping his arms to a large stone. The day happened to be the 5th of the 5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar. After his death, the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body. People threw into the water zongzi(pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body. An old doctor poured a jug of realgar wine(Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar)into the water, hoping to turn all aquatic beasts drunk. That's why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day. Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompanied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination. Folk tales say the game o-riginates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuan's body, but experts, after painstaking and meticulous research, conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious, semi-entertaining program from the Warring States Period(475—221 BC). On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines , and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil.Questions 66—70Answer the following questions according to the passage.11.When do Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival every year?12.What masterpieces of Qu Yuan are mentioned in the passage?13.Why did Qu Yuan commit suicide?14.How do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival now?15.Why do parents prepare perfume pouches for their children on Dragon Boat Festival?Section DWhile baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America, it probably developed from an eighteenth-century English game called rounders. There were severalversions of the game until 1845, when Alexander J. Cartwright organized "a group of players to decide on one set of rules. The main change from rounders was that a runner had to be tagged or touched by a player holding the ball to be put out, rather than hit by a thrown ball. This meant that a smaller, harder ball could be used, which in turn made possible a faster, larger game. Until the mid-1860s, baseball was an amateur sport, which means that the players were not paid. The first professional team, the Cincinnati "Red Stockings" , was organized in 1869 and within two years the sport was more or less professional. Nowadays the best players can earn millions of dollars playing baseball. Professional baseball in the United States and Canada consists of two leagues and for the first half of the twentieth century there were also separate leagues for black players. The black leagues produced many excellent players but it wasn't until the 1940s, and the success of Jackie Robinson playing for the Brooklyn " Dodgers" , that black players were integrated into white major-league baseball in the United States. Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere. Dozens of English-language idioms have been derived from baseball, for instance, the baseball meaning of " out of the ball park" is to hit a home run, but its non-baseball equivalent is to do something well or exactly as it should be done. The baseball cap has become a worldwide fashion i-tem not only in the United States, but also in countries where the sport itself is not particularly popular, such as the United Kingdom. Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment. One of the first major examples, Ernest Thayer's poem "Casey at the Bat" , appeared in 1888. There have been many baseball movies, including the Academy Award-winning The Pride of the Yankees(1942)and the Oscar nominees The Natural(1984)and Field of Dreams(1989). Literary works connected to the game include the short fiction of Ring Lardner and novels such as Robert Coover's The Universal Baseball Association, Inc. , J. Henry Waugh, Prop. Baseball's literary canon also includes the beat reportage of Damon Runyon: the columns of Grantland Rice, Red Smith, Dick Young, and Peter Gammons: and the essays of Roger Angell. Questions 71—75Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with no more than three words for each blank.Baseball is regarded as the national sport of the USA. Its history can be traced back to an eighteenth-century English game named【R1】. There were several versions of the game until 1845, 【R2 】one set of rules was decided on. Baseball was originally 【R3 】, but in 1869 the first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was organized. For the first half of the twentieth century black players had separate leagues, bu 【t R4】began in the 1940s because of the success of Jackie Robinson. Baseball extended its glamour to many other fields, such as fashion, language, art and entertainment. Many artists and film directors got【R5】from the worldwide popular sport.16.【R1】17.【R2】18.【R3】19.【R4】20.【R5】Part ⅣError CorrectionPeople often laugh when they see penguins walking. Penguins look very funnywaddle from side to side on their short little legs. However, Adelie penguins 【M1 】can walk 200 kilometers across the Antarctic sea ice to the place they lay 【M2】their eggs.Penguins are such good swimmers so early explorers thought they were 【M3 】fish. They use their flippers 'fly' through the water as other birds use their 【M4】wings to fly through the air. Emperor penguins, the big penguins, 【M5 】can go as fast as 50 kilometers an hour. If Adelie penguin is swimming 【M6】quickly, it can jump 2 meters out of the water. They do this before they are 【M7 】being chased by leopard seals, which like to eat them.Emperor penguins can hold its breath underwater for twenty minutes. 【M8 】This means they can divevery deep to hunt for food. The deepest dive scientists know about is 458 meters. That's nearly half a kilometer!When the male emperor penguins are looking after eggs, they join together in tightly groups. In the middle of the group it might be 38℃, 【M9】while on the outside of the group it might be -35℃. When the penguins 【M10】on the outside get too cold, they move slowly to the inside and others take their place on the outside.1.【M1】2.【M2】3.【M3】4.【M4】5.【M5】6.【M6】7.【M7】8.【M8】9.【M9】10.【M10】Part ⅤTranslationSection A1. If your parents give you pocket money with no strings attached, I've got some bad news for you. Experts are now claiming that it may be harmful for teenagers to get "free" pocket money. They argue that it makes them lazy and they may even end up in poverty. What's more, they say that youngsters will never learn the value of money if they don't earn it. Studies also indicate that you can rarely expect teenagers to save their pocket money when they get it for free and often waste it on unnecessary things. However, if they have to do something in order to earn it, they usually learn to use their money wisely.Section B有些人的成功常常让周围的人大惑不解，因为他们似乎从来都不工作，或者没有长时间地工作。

2018 年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C 类初赛真题试及详细答案Part ⅠSection A1.Some bacteria extremely harmful, but are regularly used in producing cheeses, crackers and many other foods.A is: the othersB has been: the othersC are: othersD have been: others2.It was once a very prosperous part of the city, but now many of the businesses have moved away or gone .A bankruptcyB bankruptC bankruptedD to bankrupt3.When one is unfamiliar with the local customs, it is easy to make a .A blameB blunderC commitmentD fault4.your timely advice, I would never have known how to deal with the tough job.A But forB Except forC Not untilD Prior to5.I'd his reputation with other drug dealers and business people in the city, and then make a decision about whether or not to a loan.A account for: supportB make up for: objectC take account of: approveD wipe out: oppose6., a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Were other things equalB Other things to be equalC Other things being equalD To be equal to other things7.In the book The Storied Life of A. J. Fikry, a valuable book was lost for years when it turned up one day, quite out of the .A blackB blueC redD white8.True patriotism putting the interests of one's country above everything, includingone's own life.A copes withB derives fromC takes inD relies on9.My father decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and .A a master's degree must attainB must attain my master's degreeC attain my master's degreeD my master's degree be attained10.Libraries have reference books you can check out a physician's educational background, training, and other credentials.A from thatB of whichC through thatD by which11.The term BRIC was first by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill in a research paper, BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China.A coined: in whichB invented: of itC made up: andD produced: that12.Had Dickens foreseen that his novel would cause such a disturbance, he it.A should not have writtenB would not have writtenC didn't writeD had not written13.—I'm concerned about your weight, I think you should go on a diet.——Good, then you might as well start right away.A You're so kind, but I don't have to do that.B Actually, I've been thinking about the same thing.C Definitely. What about my blood pressure then?D Oh my! You know it's such a tough job for me.14.—Let me ask you some questions about the accident you witnessed.——Thank you. When did the accident occur?A Yes, I really enjoyed it.B It's none of my business.C Sure, go ahead.D Oh, stop teasing me.15.——It should be good. I'm looking forward to taking it.A Do you like computer games?B How about cleaning the room with me?C What do you think the computer course will be like?D What are you going to do after you graduate from high school?Part ⅡClozeBeing able to multi-task is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called" Generation M" are spending a considerable amount of their time on 【C1】(fruit)efforts as they multi-task. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after another.Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time as they are working, young adults are also【C2】sur the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the phone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along, it too is added to the list rather than【C3】(place)one of the existing devices. Other research ha【s C4】ind that this multi-tasking is even affecting the way of families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can 【C5】longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table. All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at 【C6】uni and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a 【C7 】(favour)response. The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multi-tasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later【C8】dev of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people【C9】ent the workforce need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays, in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due 【C10 】respect of the way today's youth are able to cope, despite what the older generation throw at them.1.【C1】2.【C2】3.【C3】4.【C4】5.【C5】6.【C6】7.【C7】8.【C8】9.【C9】10.【C10】Part ⅢReading ComperhensionSection ALook at an atlas. How are mountains shown? Where are the highest mountains? A few mountains stand alone, such as Mount Egmont in New Zealand, and Mount Kenya in Africa. Most mountains are found in long chains called mountain ranges. The Pennines, the Cambrian Mountains, the Alps, the Andes and Rockies are examples of mountain ranges. The highest mountain range on the Earth is the Himalayas in Asia.In order to understand how mountains are formed, we need to know what the inside of the Earth is like. The Earth is made up of layers of rock. The outside layer of rock, the one we live on, is called the Earth's crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle. Near the top of the mantle, some of the rocks have melted and are a liquid, like sticky tar. Because all the rocks around it press on the mantle, the molten rock tries to force its way out. If the molten rock does find a weak spot, it bursts through the Earth's crust, forming a volcano. Some mountains were made by volcanoes. The Earth's crust is made up of large pieces, called plates, which fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Some of the plates carry continents, others carry oceans. The plates move slowly, floating on the molten rocks of the mantle below. As the plates move, theypush against each other, slowly pushing up the rocks in folds to form mountains. India used to be a long way from Asia, but gradually the plate with India on it moved closer to the plate bearing Asia. The rocks in the sea between India and Asia were pushed up in folds that now form the Himalayan mountain range. That is why it is sometimes possible to find seashells near the tops of the Himalayas. Many other mountain ranges, including the Alps, Rockies and Pen-nines , are similar great folds of rock. While some plates are pushing together, others are moving further apart. Europe and North America are slowly moving further apart. Each year the Atlantic Ocean is a few centimetres wider. As the rocks move, they often crack or break. These breaks are called faults. Sometimes, great blocks of rocks are pushed up between two faults. These blocks may be so large and high that they form mountains. Some of the highland areas of East Africa are block mountains, so are the Vosges mountains in France and the Sierra Nevada mountains in the western United States. Block mountains often have flat tops. A flat-topped highland is called a plateau.Questions 56—60 Complete the following form with no more than three words according to the passage.56.57.58.59.60.Section BBy studying the notebooks, correspondence, and conversations of some of the world's great thinkers in science, art, and industry, scholars have identified the following thinking strategies that enable geniuses to generate original ideas:【B1】Sigmund Freud's analytical methods were designed to find details that didn't fit traditional paradigms in order to come up with a completely new point of view. To solve a problem creatively , you must abandon the first approach that comes to mind, which usually stems from past experience , and reconceptualize the problem. Geniuses do not merely solve existing problems: they identify new ones. 【B2 】Geniuses develop visual and spatial abilities that allow them to display information in new ways. The explosion of creativity in the Renaissance was tied to the development of graphic illustration during that period, notably the scientific diagrams of Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei. Galileo revolutionized science by making his thought graphically visible while his contemporaries used more conventional means. Geniuses produce. Thomas Edison held 1,093 patents, still a record. He guaranteed a high level of productivity by giving himself idea quotas: one minor invention every ten days and a major invention every six months. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote a cantata every week even when he was sick. Wolfgang Mozart produced more than 600 pieces of music. 【B3 】Like playful children with buckets of building blocks, geniuses constantly combine and recombine ideas, images, and thoughts. The laws of heredity were developed by Gregor Mendel , who combined mathematics and biology to create a new science of genetics. 【B4 】Their facility to connect the unconnected enables geniuses to see things others miss. Da Vinci noticed the similarity between the sound of a bell and a stone hitting water-and concluded that sound travels in waves. 【B5 】Whenever we attempt to do something and fail, we end up doing something else.That's the first principle of creative accident. We may ask ourselves why we have failed to do what we intended, which is a reasonable question. But the creative accident leads to the question: What have we done? Answering that one in a novel, unexpected way is the essential creative act. It is not luck, but creative insight of the highest order. This may be the most important lesson of all: When you find something interesting, drop everything and go with it. Too many talented people fail to make significant leaps of imagination because they've become fixated on their pre-conceived plan. Butnot the truly great minds. They don't wait for gifts of chance: they make them happen. Questions 61 —65Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. Geniuses make their thought visible.B. Geniuses prepare themselves for enhance.C. Geniuses make novel combinations.D. Geniuses look at problems from all angles.E. Geniuses have a really broad mind.F. Geniuses force relationships.G. Geniuses are powerful in lots of aspects.6.【B1】7.【B2】8.【B3】9.【B4】10.【B5】Section CThe Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years. Here are some things you must know.There are many legends about the evolution of the festival , the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan(340—278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of China's earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However, he was opposed by aristocrats and later deposed and exiled by King Huai. In his exiled days, he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao(The Lament), Tian Wen(Heavenly Questions)and Jiu Ge(Nine Songs), which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC, he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu's capital, so he finished his last piece Huai Sha(Embracing Sand)and plunged himself into the Miluo River, clasping his arms to a large stone. The day happened to be the 5th of the 5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar. After his death, the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body. People threw into the water zongzi(pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body. An old doctor poured a jug of realgar wine(Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar)into the water, hoping to turn all aquatic beasts drunk. That's why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day. Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompanied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination. Folk tales say the game o-riginates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuan's body, but experts, after painstaking and meticulous research, conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious, semi-entertaining program from the Warring States Period(475—221 BC). On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines , and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil.Questions 66—70Answer the following questions according to the passage.11.When do Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival every year?12.What masterpieces of Qu Yuan are mentioned in the passage?13.Why did Qu Yuan commit suicide?14.How do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival now?15.Why do parents prepare perfume pouches for their children on Dragon Boat Festival?Section DWhile baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America, it probably developed from an eighteenth-century English game called rounders. There were severalversions of the game until 1845, when Alexander J. Cartwright organized "a group of players to decide on one set of rules. The main change from rounders was that a runner had to be tagged or touched by a player holding the ball to be put out, rather than hit by a thrown ball. This meant that a smaller, harder ball could be used, which in turn made possible a faster, larger game. Until the mid-1860s, baseball was an amateur sport, which means that the players were not paid. The first professional team, the Cincinnati "Red Stockings" , was organized in 1869 and within two years the sport was more or less professional. Nowadays the best players can earn millions of dollars playing baseball. Professional baseball in the United States and Canada consists of two leagues and for the first half of the twentieth century there were also separate leagues for black players. The black leagues produced many excellent players but it wasn't until the 1940s, and the success of Jackie Robinson playing for the Brooklyn " Dodgers" , that black players were integrated into white major-league baseball in the United States. Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere. Dozens of English-language idioms have been derived from baseball, for instance, the baseball meaning of " out of the ball park" is to hit a home run, but its non-baseball equivalent is to do something well or exactly as it should be done. The baseball cap has become a worldwide fashion i-tem not only in the United States, but also in countries where the sport itself is not particularly popular, such as the United Kingdom. Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment. One of the first major examples, Ernest Thayer's poem "Casey at the Bat" , appeared in 1888. There have been many baseball movies, including the Academy Award-winning The Pride of the Yankees(1942)and the Oscar nominees The Natural(1984)and Field of Dreams(1989). Literary works connected to the game include the short fiction of Ring Lardner and novels such as Robert Coover's The Universal Baseball Association, Inc. , J. Henry Waugh, Prop. Baseball's literary canon also includes the beat reportage of Damon Runyon: the columns of Grantland Rice, Red Smith, Dick Young, and Peter Gammons: and the essays of Roger Angell. Questions 71—75Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with no more than three words for each blank.Baseball is regarded as the national sport of the USA. Its history can be traced back to an eighteenth-century English game named【R1】. There were several versions of the game until 1845, 【R2 】one set of rules was decided on. Baseball was originally 【R3 】, but in 1869 the first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was organized. For the first half of the twentieth century black players had separate leagues, bu 【t R4】began in the 1940s because of the success of Jackie Robinson. Baseball extended its glamour to many other fields, such as fashion, language, art and entertainment. Many artists and film directors got【R5】from the worldwide popular sport.16.【R1】17.【R2】18.【R3】19.【R4】20.【R5】Part ⅣError CorrectionPeople often laugh when they see penguins walking. Penguins look very funnywaddle from side to side on their short little legs. However, Adelie penguins 【M1 】can walk 200 kilometers across the Antarctic sea ice to the place they lay 【M2】their eggs.Penguins are such good swimmers so early explorers thought they were 【M3 】fish. They use their flippers 'fly' through the water as other birds use their 【M4】wings to fly through the air. Emperor penguins, the big penguins, 【M5 】can go as fast as 50 kilometers an hour. If Adelie penguin is swimming 【M6】quickly, it can jump 2 meters out of the water. They do this before they are 【M7 】being chased by leopard seals, which like to eat them.Emperor penguins can hold its breath underwater for twenty minutes. 【M8 】This means they can divevery deep to hunt for food. The deepest dive scientists know about is 458 meters. That's nearly half a kilometer!When the male emperor penguins are looking after eggs, they join together in tightly groups. In the middle of the group it might be 38℃, 【M9】while on the outside of the group it might be -35℃. When the penguins 【M10】on the outside get too cold, they move slowly to the inside and others take their place on the outside.1.【M1】2.【M2】3.【M3】4.【M4】5.【M5】6.【M6】7.【M7】8.【M8】9.【M9】10.【M10】Part ⅤTranslationSection A1. If your parents give you pocket money with no strings attached, I've got some bad news for you. Experts are now claiming that it may be harmful for teenagers to get "free" pocket money. They argue that it makes them lazy and they may even end up in poverty. What's more, they say that youngsters will never learn the value of money if they don't earn it. Studies also indicate that you can rarely expect teenagers to save their pocket money when they get it for free and often waste it on unnecessary things. However, if they have to do something in order to earn it, they usually learn to use their money wisely.Section B有些人的成功常常让周围的人大惑不解，因为他们似乎从来都不工作，或者没有长时间地工作。

人教版八年级英语下册第一次月考模拟试题一．单项选择（35分）1. — What's ________ wrong with you? —I have______ sore throat.A . a, a B. the, the C./, a D./ , the2. He is ill. He should ______and rest. He shouldn’t______ out to play.A.lie down, goB. lies down, goesC. lies down, goD. lie down, goes3. If you eat _______meat, you’ll be heavier.A.too muchB. much tooC. too manyD. so many4. Mary likes drinking milk______ honey every morning.A.hasB. haveC. withD. there’s5. He isn’t feeling________. He wants to lie down and rest.A. goodB. badC. wellD. terrible6. —I didn’t know she could speak English. Who taught her?—Nobody else! She taught _________.A. herB. herselfC. itD. the language7. ________ the doctor, the boy was saved.A. ThanksB. Thanks toC. Thank forD. Because8. Can you see the boys _____ football on the playground? They are my classmates.A. to playB. playingC. playsD. played9. Oh, I have no money. I have run ______ itA.out ofB. outC. of D out off10. —Mike looks unhappy. What’s wrong?—It seems that he gets into trouble ______a problem.A. solveB. solvingC. solvesD. to solve11. Jack used to _______up early, but now he is used to _______up late.A. get, getB. get, gettingC. getting, getD. getting, getting12. —Why did they set up this organization?—__________ disabled people.A. HelpB. To helpC. Helping D Helped13. —He looks unhappy? —Let’s ____________A.cheer him upB. helped out himC. look him afterD. angry with him14. My bike is broken. Could you help me to _______?A. fix it upB. set it upC. make it upD. put it up15. Some ______are ______their time to help the old people during their vacation.A. volunteer; volunteerB. volunteers; volunteeringC. volunteering; volunteersD. volunteers; volunteers16. He ____________plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area________.A. put out; to work out wellB. handed out; help them outC. gave out; work out wellD. gave away; to help them out17. This box is too heavy. I can’t______ it.A. carryB. takeC. bringD. get18. You can ________how our lives will be if there is no electric.A. imagineB. thinkC. tellD. talk19. The old man lives ______, so he often feels_______.A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. lonely; aloneD. alone; lonely20. Thank you very much for______me around the lovely seaside city.A.showingB.takingC.tellingD.inviting21. .—Mom, tomorrow is Saturday. Must I get up early as usual?—No, you ______ . You ______ get up a little late.A. mustn’t; mustB. needn’t; mayC. can’t; canD. don’t have to; must22. Tina, I have something important ________you.A. tellingB. tellsC. tellD. to tell23. —Lily, could you help to feed my cat while I’m away?—______.A. No problemB. You’re welcomeC. No wayD. Not at all24. All of us find ______ necessary to take exercise every day.A. thisB. thatC. themD. it25. Can you ______ to my house for dinner?A. come inB. come overC. go outD. come out26. Would you mind ______ me your dictionary?A. lendB. lendingC. borrowingD. borrow27.I never go to school late,______.A. so does TomB. neither does TomC. so Tom doesD. neither Tom does28.—Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or on QQ?—_______.I enjoy chatting face to face.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.None29.I will give him the gift as soon as he ______.A. will arriveB. arriveC. arrivesD. arrived30. The school______ free food ______ the students.A. provides; withB. offers; withC. offers; forD. provides; for31.Too much noise makes me ______uncomfortable.A. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to feel32.______ eat safely, we had better make some food by ourselves instead of buying home.A. As a result ofB. Because ofC. In order toD. Thanks to33.The biology teacher told us that all living things ______ the sun for their growth.A. work onB. pass onC. grow onD. depend on34.My father ______ one hundred thousand yuan______ his new car.A. spent; forB. cost; onC. paid; forD. took; to35.______ you smile,______ you will feel.A. The more; the happierB. The most; the happiestC. More; happierD. The more; happier 二．完型填空（10分）If you have the flu, it is important to stay home from school. Because it is a(n)_____36_____ that could make some people ill. We should ___37____it spreading around. The flu is a fever__38_____ one or more of these: cough, sore throat or headaches. If you have the flu, home is the ____39____ place to stay.If you stay at home, you won’t make other people ill. And if you have the flu, ____40_____ at home is what you need to get better.Take these steps if you feel___41_____:Tell you parents. They will call the _____42_____ to talk about whether you have the flu or some other illness.Stay home from school and other ____43____ places. Also, try not to make other people in your family ill. Do that by washing your hands___44___.Get rest, drink more water and you will feel better fast. Be sure to tell your parents how you’refeeling ____45____ they can take good care of you.Go back to school only when you’re feeling better.36.A. illness B.happiness C.hope D.way37.A. let B.stop C.keep D.have38.A. for B.on C.about D.with39.A. good B.well C.better D.best40.A. eating B.playing C.studying D.resting41.A. hungry B.angry C.ill D.bored42.A. teacher B.worker C.doctor D.singer43.A. nice B.important C.different D.crowded44.A. hardly B.often C.seldom D.never45.A. so B.or C.although D.but三．阅读理解（10分）March 5 is Lei Feng Day. People are encouraged to help others and to learn from Lei Feng.This year, my classmates and I went to do some cleaning in a street. We finished our work, took photos and talked with some people about their lives. One old lady said she remembered how all students used to do helpful work in the street. Another told us that when she was young, she and her friends would do a lot of simple things to help others. They would help people carry things or fix broken chairs at school.” But things have changed over the years. The young students don't really understand the spirit of Lei Feng,”she continued,” To do good things because they are told to and take photos to put on the scho ol websites.”Her words made me think. We have been told to do things to help others on Lei Feng Day. But none of the love and care came from our own hearts. We should believe that everyone can make a difference. We don't need cameras or praise. We can do better if we keep spirit of Lei Feng inside ourselves. “Learn from Lei Feng” should not be a yearly fad. Everyone should carry out their good behaviors all year around and we will have a better life.46.This year, my classmates and I __________ on Lei Feng Day.A. fixed broken chairsB. did some cleaningC. carried things47.From this passage, we know people used to do many good things_________.A. to help othersB. to get praiseC. to take photos48.Nowadays,many students do good thing on Lei Feng Day because__________A. they care for othersB. they are told to do soC. they really want to49. The underlined phrase “a yearly fad” in the passage means________________.A.一时的时尚B.每年的足迹C.一年的支出50.Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?A. Students should take photos to put on the website.B. People need a praise to make a difference.C. We should do good thing in our daily life.四．根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子（20分）51. There are too many children____________(咳嗽)in her class today.52..Ben is____________ (躺)on the grass and enjoying the beautiful sunshine.53.Everyone has two ___________ (脚).54. We all know the______________(重要性) of studying English well.55.In Europe, people eat with forks and___________(刀).56. Let’s think about Aron before we have to make a_____________.(决定).57.We saw a __________(标志) which says “No parking”. So we couldn’t park the car here.58. We made some friends on my long train_____________(旅程).59. We all like the girl because of her ______________(善良).60. The young man’s ____________（死亡）made all the people in the town very sad.61. A central computer____________(控制)the traffic lights.62. We should learn to be _____________ (独立).63. Our teacher is a woman of ___________ (公正).64.I have many _____________(兴趣) like playing soccer and so on.65. Bob’s room was in a great _____________(杂乱)66. To their s _____________, they found nobody there.67. She h _____________ him on the head with a book just now.68.They will r _____________ money for the school buildings69. This afternoon I helped a b____________ man cross the road. He couldn’t see anything.70.My pencil is on the sofa. Please p _____________ it to me.五．用括号里单词的适当形式填空（5分）71. It’s easy ____________(have) a healthy lifestyle.72.Listen! Can you hear someone _____________(open) the door?.73. The children were _____________(excite) about their Christmas gifts.74. He has a___________(stomach). He doesn’t want to eat anything.75. Nobody tells him where _____________(spend) summer vacation.76. The nurse told the boy____________(put) his head back quickly.77. I think two hours of TV ____________ (be)enough for you78. Could you please ____________(take) out the rubbish?79. I think ____________(do ) chores is not so difficult.80.Aron kept on____________(climb) mountains even after the experience.六．原文填空（20分）1.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping, s_________ the bus without t_________ twice. He got o __________and asked the woman what h__________. She said that the man had a h__________ problem and should g__________ to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to a__________ quickly. He told the p__________ that he must take the man to hospital. He e__________ most or all of them to get off and w__________ for the next bus.2. I do not u__________ why some parents make their kids help with housework and c__________ at home. Kids these days already have enough s__________ from school. They do not have time to study and do housework, too. Housework is a w__________ of time. Could we just let them do their job as students? They should spend their time on s__________ in order to get good grades and get into a good university.3. I’d like to thank you for g__________ money to Animal Helpers. I’m sure you know that this group was s__________ up to help d__________ people like me. You helped to make it p__________ for me to have Lucky. Lucky makes a big d__________ to my life. Let me tell you my story.参考答案1-5 CAACC 6-10 BBBAB 11-15 BBAAB 16-20 DAADA21-25 BDADB 26-30 BBCCD 31-35 BCDCA 36-40 ABDDD 41-45 CCDBA 46-50 BABAC。