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湖南理工学院南湖学院题目：岳阳市某单位综合楼作者：学号：系别：土木建筑工程系专业：土木工程指导老师：职称：讲师完成时间：某理工学院办公楼设计摘要：本设计的题目为岳阳市某单位综合楼。
其中该设计分为建筑设计、结构设计和施工组织设计。
第一部分：建筑设计，本工程的建筑设计方案简单，采用对称布置，呈矩形。
能充分满足了单位办公的需求，建筑立面造型独特，表现了学院办公楼建筑的特点。
第二部分：结构设计，本工程的结构设计围绕安全、经济两个重点展开，采用多层框架结构。
其中选取一榀框架对其梁和柱的计算采用电算加手算，整个计算过程力求正确，基础采用柱下独立基础，并进行了楼梯和楼板的设计计算，过程详见计算书。
第三部分：施工组织设计，本工程施工组织设计详细阐述了施工布置、施工准备、施工方法、质量控制、安全生产等五个方面，明确了工程人员职则。
并根据劳动定额及计算工程量确定日工作人数，绘制施工进度计划表。
关键词：办公楼建筑设计结构设计施工组织设计框架结构计算Institute technonogy office building of the DesignSummary: The topic originally designed is the office building of institute of some job. The designs hadbeen divided into the architectural design, design and operatiol of the structure and organize the design.First part : Architectural design, the architectural design of this project is simple ,adopt and fix up asymmetrically, take the form of rectangle word. Can fully meet the demand that the institute handles official business, the elevation model of the buikding is unique; have displayed the characteristic of the building of office building of the institute.Second part: Structural design, project this structural design launch around security , economy two focal points, adopt the multi-layer frame structure. Choose one pin frame adopt electricity is it add to roof beam and calculation of post their hand charge to regard as among them, the whole computational process strives to be correct, the foundation adopts the independent foundation under the post, the design carrying on the stair floor is calculated, the course sees and calculates the book.The third part : Construct and organize and design, this construction organizes the design to explain and construct such five respects as assigning , preparation of construction , construction method , quality control , safety in production ,etc. in detail , have defined project duties of personnel . And confirm the working number of people on day according to the work norm and project amount of calculation, draw the planning chart of the construction speed.Keyword: Office building Architectural design Structural design Construct and organize and design the frame structure calculating目录第一部分：结构设计计算书一、设计概况 (4)二、结构计算书（基本情况） (5)三、框架侧移刚度计算 (7)四、荷载标准值计算 (10)五、确定结构计算简图 (13)六、恒荷载作用下框架内力分析 (16)七、活荷载作用下框架内力分析 (17)八、水平地震作用计算（横向水平地震） (26)九、横向风荷载作用下框架结构内力和侧移计算 (36)十、横向框架内力组合 (43)十一、框架截面设计与配筋计算 (52)十二、基础设计 (62)十三、楼梯设计 (66)十四、楼板设计 (70)第二部分：施工组织设计（内容附后） (75)参考文献 (82)致谢词 (83)结构设计计算书.一、设计概况1.建设项目名称：岳阳市某单位综合楼2.建设地点：岳阳市某地3.设计资料：3.1.地质水文资料：①．该场地地形平整，无滑坡、无液化土层等不良地质现象。
系统架构设计师笔记一、系统架构基础。
1. 定义与概念。
- 系统架构的含义：从整体上描述系统的组成结构、各组件的功能与关系，以及系统运行的原理等。
- 与软件工程的关系：系统架构是软件工程中的高层次设计，为软件项目的开发提供蓝图。
2. 架构风格。
- 分层架构。
- 优点：各层职责明确，易于维护和扩展。
例如，常见的三层架构（表示层、业务逻辑层、数据访问层），表示层负责与用户交互，业务逻辑层处理业务规则，数据访问层操作数据库。
- 缺点：层与层之间可能存在过度耦合的情况，如果分层不合理会影响系统性能。
- 客户端 - 服务器架构（C/S）- 特点：客户端负责用户界面展示和部分业务逻辑处理，服务器端负责数据存储和核心业务逻辑处理。
如早期的邮件客户端软件，客户端软件负责邮件的收发界面操作，服务器端存储邮件数据并进行邮件的转发等操作。
- 适用场景：适用于对交互性要求较高、网络环境相对稳定的应用，如企业内部管理系统。
- 浏览器 - 服务器架构（B/S）- 特点：用户通过浏览器访问服务器上的应用，服务器端承担更多的业务逻辑和数据处理。
例如，Web邮件系统，用户只需在浏览器中输入网址即可使用邮件服务，服务器端负责邮件的存储、收发和用户管理等功能。
- 适用场景：便于部署和更新，适用于广泛的互联网应用，用户无需安装专门的客户端软件。
3. 架构视图。
- 逻辑视图：描述系统的功能组件及其关系，从功能角度展示系统的结构。
例如，在一个电商系统中，逻辑视图可能包括用户管理模块、商品管理模块、订单管理模块等，以及它们之间的交互关系，如用户管理模块为订单管理模块提供用户信息。
- 物理视图：关注系统的硬件部署和软件安装情况。
电商系统的物理视图可能包括服务器的分布（如应用服务器、数据库服务器的部署位置），网络设备（路由器、防火墙等）的连接情况，以及软件在不同服务器上的安装情况。
- 进程视图：着眼于系统运行时的进程和线程情况。
在多用户的电商系统中，进程视图会描述订单处理进程、用户登录验证进程等的并发执行情况，以及进程之间的同步和通信机制。
目 录 Contents第一部分 文字说明Part One Character Description 第一章Chapter 1 建筑设计说明Architectural Design Description 第二章Chapter 2 结构设计说明Structural Design Description 第三章 Chapter 3 给排水设计说明Mechanical Design Description 第四章 Chapter 4 电气设计说明Electrical Design Description 第五章 Chapter 5 采暖通风设计说明HVAC Design Description第六章 Chapter 6 节能设计说明Energy Saving Design Description第七章 Chapter 7 环境保护Environment Protection第八章消防设计专篇Chapter 8 Special Design Description for Fire Fighting Protection第九章 Chapter 9劳动安全卫生Labor Safety &Sanitation第二部分 扩初设计图纸Part Two Preliminary Design Drawings建筑 Architecture结构 Structure给排水 Mechanical电气 Electric暖通 HVAC第一章建筑设计说明Chapter 1 Architectural Design Description一、设计依据Design Criteria1、政府审批的XXXXXXXX有限公司建设食品研发中心项目建议书的批复, 上海市浦东新区人民政府文件xxxxx号2、XXXXXXX食品有限公司建设食品研发中心新建项目的环评报告批复，上海市浦东新区环境保护局-沪环xxxxxx。
3、业主提供的建筑技术说明。
英语建筑方案设计In recent years, the field of architectural design has witnessed significant developments and innovations. Architects have been challenged to create sustainable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing buildings that meet the needs of an ever-changing society. This essay will explore the process and principles involved in architectural design and present a hypothetical building design as an example.The first step in designing any architectural project is thorough research and analysis. Architects must understand the site conditions, context, and the needs and desires of the client. This involves studying the environment, climate, and cultural and historical context of the area. In addition, architects must also consider the functional requirements of the building, such as its purpose, capacity, and spatial organization. This initial stage sets the foundation for the entire design process.Once the research phase is complete, architects move on to the conceptual design stage. This is where creativity and innovation come into play. Architects explore various design ideas, sketching and brainstorming until they settle on a concept that addresses the requirements and constraints previously identified. This concept serves as the basis for further development.Next, architects move on to the schematic design phase, where the chosen concept is refined and developed further. Floor plans, elevations, sections, and 3D models are created to convey the spatial qualities of the design. Materiality, colors, and lighting are also considered at this stage. Collaboration between architects,engineers, and other consultants is crucial to ensure the integration of all building systems and to address any technical challenges.Following the schematic design phase is the design development stage. Here, the design is refined in more detail, taking into account the structural, mechanical, and electrical systems. Iterations are made, and the design is checked for compliance with building codes and regulations. Architects work closely with engineers to ensure the realization of their vision within technical and budgetary constraints.Once the design is finalized, the construction documentation phase begins. Detailed drawings and specifications are created to guide the construction process. Contractors, builders, and other professionals rely on these documents to bring the design to life. The accuracy and clarity of these documents are essential to ensure the successful execution of the project.Finally, comes the construction administration phase. Architects visit the construction site regularly to ensure that the design is being implemented correctly. They coordinate with contractors, address any issues or changes that arise during construction, and ensure that the building meets the required standards of quality and craftsmanship.As an example, let's consider the design of a hypothetical community center. The research phase would involve understanding the needs of the community, the available site, and the local climate. The conceptual design might include features such as flexible spaces that can be used for various communityactivities, sustainable elements like passive heating and cooling, and a design that integrates well with the surrounding natural environment.During the schematic design phase, floor plans and elevations would be developed to show the layout and overall form of the building. Design elements that promote community engagement, such as outdoor gathering spaces or shared gardens, may be considered. In the design development phase, specific materials and construction techniques would be chosen to ensure durability and cost-effectiveness.The construction documentation phase would involve creating detailed drawings and specifications for the contractors to follow. Clear instructions on material selections, finishing details, and building systems would be included. Finally, the construction administration phase would involve regular site visits to monitor progress and ensure that the construction aligns with the design vision.In conclusion, architectural design is a complex and iterative process that involves research, analysis, creativity, and collaboration. This process allows architects to create buildings that are both functional and visually appealing. By following a structured design process, architects can meet the diverse needs of clients and create buildings that improve the quality of life for communities.。
软件工程教学做一体化教程参考答案订正：P33页：图2.14中的“E1”及“E2”互换位置P186页：最后一行“B及D”订正为“B及C”P187页：任务的参考答案订正为“ADE”第1章软件工程基本概念1.1.4 实践环节答案略。
1.2.4 实践环节答案略。
习题1一、选择题1、C2、D3、C4、C5、D6、C7、D8、C9、B 10、B二、判断题1、T2、T3、T4、T5、F6、T7、T8、T9、F 10、F 11、F 12、T三、简单题1．什么是软件危机？它有哪些典型表现？如何解决软件危机？答：软件危机是指在计算机软件的开发和维护过程中所遇到的一系列严重问题。
这类问题绝不仅仅是“不能正常运行的软件”才具有的，几乎所有软件都不同程度地存在这类问题。
概括来说，软件危机包含两方面问题：如何开发软件，以满足对软件日益增长的需求；如何维护数量不断膨胀的已有软件产品。
具体地说，软件危机主要有下列典型表现。
1）软件开发进度难以预测，软件开发成本难以控制。
开发成本超出预算，实际进度比预定计划一再拖延。
2）用户对产品功能难以满足。
3）软件产品质量无法保证。
4）软件产品难以维护。
5）软件缺少适当的文档资料。
6）软件的成本不断提高。
7）软件开发生产率的提高赶不上硬件的发展和人们需求的增长。
为了消除软件危机，既要有技术措施，又要有组织管理措施。
软件工程正是从技术和管理两方面研究如何更有效地开发和维护计算机软件的一门新兴学科。
2．什么是软件？什么是软件工程？软件生命周期有哪几个时期，每个时期又分哪几个阶段？答：软件是计算机系统中及硬件相互依存的一部分，包括程序、数据及其说明文档。
其中程序是能够完成特定功能的指令序列；数据是程序能正常操纵信息的数据结构；文档是及程序设计、开发及维护有关的各种图文资料。
概括地说，软件工程是一门指导计算机软件开发和维护的学科。
它采用工程的概念、原理、技术和方法来开发及维护软件，把先进的、正确的管理理念和当前最好的技术结合起来，以最小经济代价开发出高质量的软件并维护它。
