上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十(学生版)

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hour’s a week on the Internet experienced more ___41_ and loneliness than those who __42__ on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net ___43___ appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely __44__ to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove __45__ healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.The fact that Internet use reduces time __46__ for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “__47__” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that __48__ to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it’s used,” says psychologist Chirstine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s __49__. “ It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you __50__ applications and services for technology.”Recently, British universtiy researchers said that a computer programme can help Asian students to deal with ___41_ English accents which are difficult to understand. This is good news for students who get ___42___ by different English accents.Computer scientists at Nottingham University said that some Asian students in Britian find it difficult to understand the range of different English accents. Among native English speakers, many different accents ___43___. Some accents are easily __44____ by certain characteristics. But more variations can be difficult to understand.Difficulties can be eperiencec in the process of differentiating sounds at the end of spoken English words, like rope versus robe, and at the start, like tin versus thin. This can make __45____ speech difficult to follow, as misunderstanding a single word can potentially change the whole ___46___ of a sentence. It would be useful to have something that would make it easier for foreign students to understand different English accents.The researchers’ Spoken English Discrimination (SED) training programme can train Chinese speakers in how to ___47___ differences in speech sounds in difficult conditions, such as accented speech or in situations in which there are a number of sounds in the background, a university release reported.“Our findings have shown that SED training programme really does have a significant __48____ on enabling Asian students to differentiate between sounds,”reseacher, Nicola Pitchford said. “There is a __49____ potential for SED. There has already been interest in theprogramme, from government organizations, through to a major Chinese mobile phone company who os interested in developing it into an educational phone ___50___.”twentieth anniversary of Earth Day. The purpose of the holiday, which we celebrate every year on that __41____, is to help people learn how to protect the planet Earth. People around the world celebrate Earth Day because they worry about the planet. Many __42____ of animal life are desappearing from the earth. Carelessness and accidents in many countires have cauaed problems that are harmful to the environment. Air and water pollution, oil spills, and poisonous waste are some of the __43____ problems.In fact, protecting the earth is truly a worldwide __44____. An accident in a nuclear power plant in one country can create a radioactive cloud that goes ___45___ around the world. Factory smoke in onecountry can cause acid rain in another. One country’s oil tanker can __46____ oil that floats to the shores of another. It is eas to see how our protecting the environment has become an international issue.So, in order to begin the difficult job of saving the earth, people around the world did special things on Earth Day, 1990. In Japan, divers ___47___ garbage from the sea. In Nepal, climbers picked up trash on Mount Everst. Students marched in support of Earth Day in Hong Kong, and people grew ___48___ plants in the Phillippines. In the United States, children planted trees. Native Americans told stories about the creation of the earth, artists ___49___ pictures on walls next to highways, and musicians gave __50____ to support the work of environmental groups. Almost everyone everywhere stopped for a moment to think about how we can protect the earth.many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done ______ by women-ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing ______ work-still need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ______ that hs changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time” and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child-care ceters, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.Although there is still a big wage ______ between men and women, the income working women ______ gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now ______ aobut half of all cars. Not long ago, many car dealers ______ women shoopers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are ______ customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to ______ pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars –the Japanese society is still very much male-oriented. Perhaps it was the ______ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to womenbuyers.Reading is one of the important skills in English learning. Its purpose is to enlarge their vocabulary and familiarize themselves with background __41____ about English and to cultivate students’ careful observation and their logic thinking. What is more, it is to __42____ students’comprehension. I have tried to train my students in the following ways: skimming and scanning, author’s viewpoint, __43____ of the passage, structure of paragraphs, students’anticipation, punctuation and summarizing. Before starting to read a passage in detail, I __44____ ask the students to take a moment to preview the passage. Read quickly, without pausting to ___45___ the details. This is called skim reading. The students ask them to have these in mind: for which the passage was __46____, what type of passage it is, what the purpose and attitude of the __47____ is and what the style of the article is.After having skimmed the passage, the students can study the passage in more detail, reading more slowly and ___48___ and looking for specific information that the questions are concerned with. This is called scanning. When students do the scanning, I ask them to read without any sound, to notice only the key words and not to pay too much __49____ to the new words but to pay the sense group and the main meaning of the sentence. Especially pay attention to the first __50____ and the last sentence of the paragraph.It can be risky to generalize about the literature of any culture or group. For amlost any statement that is made, exceptions can be found. Nevertheless, literary __41____ is all about generalizations. Here are some that are made about Asian-American literature.All Asian-American writers can be placed into one of two groups, those who emigrated to the United States and those who were born here but of immigrant families. They represent a ___42___ and diverse range of countries, from Japan and the Philippines in the east to Iran and Turkey in the west.Some of the topics that first-generation writers deal with are __43____ to all immigrant people: the difficult ___44___ to a new land, a loneliness for home, and an uncertainty about the new culture. So you might find tales of a Vietnamese immigrant’s horrific departure after the ___45___ of Saigon or the struggle against prejudice (偏见) __46____ in a book like Carlos Bulosan’s autobiographical America Is in the Heart.Family values can be a source of much rich literature. All Asian-American groups carried __48___ customs and practices with them, and sometimes these were looked on with ___47___ by their new countrymen. They certainly were a cause of misunderstanding and sometimes contention between immigrants and their American-born children. Books like Jade Snow Wong’s Fifth Chinese Daughter make this clear.More, perhaps, than some other groups, Asian Americans have been __49____ with language: how it sets them apart from others, the importance of mastering American English. In as essaycalled “Mother Tongue”, for example, writer Amy Tan discusses how her mother’s less-than-perfect English __50____ her own life and her views of herself.after local users complained about them not __41____ the tradition of standing in line.Southern Vectis Bus Company, which operates buses on the Isle of Wight, off England’s south ___42___, said it was to contact local language schools following several __43____ about the behavior of young students over the summer vacation.“On the Isle of Wight we get lots of foreign language students __44____ with families,” said operations manager March Morgan Huws.“In their ___45___, they do not queue for buses where they live and there is a scrum (相互拥挤) every time a bus turns up, while in British culture there is a nice __46____ queue.”“We have had quite a few complaints from __47____ who queue up in an orderly fashion then all those foreign students push past them.”“We will work with the language schools to provide some __48____ on the etiquette of queuing. We won’t be arching the students up and down showing them how to queue, we will just leave it up to the group leader to pass on the information.”Orderly queuing –as seen during the recent Northern Rock banking crisis –is seen as a ___49___ British tradition. One social anthropologist believes Brotons are even ___50___ of forming one-person queue at bus stop.Unfortunately, a controversial political democracy is little that can be done in a cowboy outdated. Inefficient and bankrupt health care focused, comprehensive manner likely to make a real difference must be __41____. There are simply too many moving parts and special interests. However, a gradual change is under way. Insurance __42____ with health care organizations accountable and the integrated system is clinically effective. So hospitals and health centers will ensure ___43___ compensation. Expect to develop these new systems in the private sector as well.Pressures from the government to the implementation of the electronic medical records are __44____ essential for the development of data-driven systems, not only for financial __45____, but also for the quality of performance and results and receive data accounting for performance in the management of patient care. With the coming of more reliable and more __46____ to evidence-based medicine, what ___47___ and what does not, and we will go to largely ___48___ access to an experience in health care. Results are examined, __49____ and treated. The development is based on the system of accountability in the delivery of the most effective care and the most reasonable price. This is only possible id hospitals and health care providers concentrate on the supplying of health services. Look at the rise and progress of compensation of healthcare __50____ fully integrated into the world and see the decay and death for the costs of medical services.when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping…Such absent-mindedness may be __41__ to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the __42__ sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also __43_ the user to “label” items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain __44__ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a __45__ label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in ___46_ plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a __47_ device.A spokesman for the project said: “ A car mechanic for __48__ could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could ___49_ accident black spots or dangers on the road.”In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, __50__ points of interest or by people looking at panorams where all the sites could be identified.。

02-2021年上海市高三英语二模真题专项训练之十一选十Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2021宝山二模can only be u sed once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Embrace the rule of awkward silenceThe rule of awkward silence is simple: When faced with a challenging question, instead of answering, pause and think deeply about how you want to answer. This is no short pause; rather, it involves taking several seconds (10, 20 or longer) to think things through before ____31____ .At Apple, Tim Cook has engaged in the ____32____ for years. Back in 2008, a Fortune article said that in meetings, Cook was "known for long, ____33____ pauses, when all you hear is the sound of his tearing the wrapper of the energy bars he constantly eats."Cook isn't alone in embracing the rule of awkward silence. Steve Jobs once took almost 20 seconds to respond to a personal attack, ____34____ a perfect response.The rule of awkward silence has always been valuable as a tool of emotional intelligence because it allows you to ____35____ thought and emotion instead of simply reacting based on feeling.Why the rule of awkward silence is more valuable than ever.We live in a world that ____36____ instant satisfaction. Emails should be answered on the same day. Text messages should be answered right now. But there's a major problem with all of this immediate communication: It doesn't leave time to think.As in, think ____37____.Critical thinking calls for deep and careful consideration of a subject. It involves weighing and analyzing facts, and careful ____38____. And it results in making insightful connections.None of this is possible without time.And time has become the biggest luxury on the planet.But when you embrace the rule of awkward silence, you steal back time. Time that used to be wasted on ____39____ answers.So, the next time someone asks you a challenging question, or even what seems on the surface to be a simple one, resist the ____40____ to respond with the first thing that comes to mind.Instead, embrace the rule of awkward silence, and think before you speak.答案31-35 FHAKC 36-40 IBJDE2021崇明二模Museums Rethink What to Do with Their African Art Collections Recently, a discussion is happening in museums around the world over the volume of African art in their collections. Officials in Germany and the Netherlands have announced plans to return art and artifacts (j£W) taken from Africa during the 31__________ period. And more museum staff are meeting on the topic across Europe.According to the most commonly 32__________ figures from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 90% to 95% of sub-Saharan cultural artifacts are 33__________ outside Africa. Many were taken by force long ago and ended up in museums across Europe and North America.At the Africa Museum in Belgium, director Guido Gryseels says 85 percent of the museum’s collection comes from the Congo —the site of Belgium’s 34__________ colony in Central Africa. For decades, Congolese leaders have asked for these objects to be returned. Most of their 35__________ and those by African countries to other museums, have been refused.But recent events in Europe have 36__________ the possibility of returns at a much larger scale. In addition to the plans announced in Germany, last year France conducted a study of how much African art French museums are holding and made 37__________ about what to do with it.The study recommended the return of a wide range of objects taken by force. The suggestion got mixed 38__________ in France, where there are at least 90,000 African items in museums.In France, some people have suggested returns could leave shelves 39__________ in French museums. Gdeile Fromont, a French historian of Central African art, says that’s not going to happen. One way of thinking about it, she says, is that more African art can go on display.However, Guido Gryseels of the Africa Museum in Belgium 40__________ that attitudes are changing. He says he’s in discussion with the Congo to return works.答案31-35 FDGHJ 36-40 BIKAC2021奉贤二模Why Dutch Officials Want You to Forget the Country of Holland The Dutch nation has long been dealing with its identity crisis. For decades, the government used “Holland” and “the Netherlands” 31__________ to describe the country known for its iconic canals, tulip ( 郁金香) fields and windmills. But starting from Jan. 1, all official government communications and 32__________ materials will use the Netherlands as its name.The government has been working on a campaign that might 33__________ the country’s image in the face of growing international competition for the past 18 months, said Ingrid de Beer, the head of the public diplomacy section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.“Our international image faces some challenges,” she said. Research showed that many people do not know of the Netherlands or have 34__________ concepts of the country. Young people, particularly those in countries farther away, are unfamiliar with the country.The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, two of which —Noord (North) Holland and Zuid (South) Holland —make up Holland. Amsterdam, which 35__________ about 19 million travellers annually, and Keukenhof, one of the world’s largest flower gardens and a popular attraction, are both in the Holland region.The country’s tourism board, 36__________ to handle millions of tourists, stopped promoting its most famous attractions in favor of trying to encourage travellers to go to lesser-known destinations, according to a 2019 report. By 2030, the report predicted, the Netherlands could see 37__________ of up to 42 million tourists — an enormous number for a country of 17 million.The region of Holland has 38__________ contributed the most to the country’s economy and wealth, resulting in its name commonly being used to indicate the entire country.But not anymore, the Dutch government insists. “We are fully aware that internationally, a strong image of the Netherlands contributes to achieving political objectives, promoting trade, attracting talent, investment and tourists and encouraging cultural and scientific 39__________ ,” Ms. de Beer said.Part of the campaign includes an updated logo, a “NL” 40__________ to look like an orange tulip, according to the Minis try of Foreign Affairs. The logo replaces the “Holland tulip,” which was created by the tourism board 25 years ago and used to promote the country.答案31-40 JFBAI 36-40 CHDEG2021嘉定二模What Is a Paragraph Break?It is one of the most important punctuation marks. A paragraph break is an indentation (缩进) or a single line space 31__________ the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text.Generally, paragraph breaks serve to 32__________ the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of dialogue.Few readers would think of the paragraph break as a punctuation mark, but it certainly is. In ancient times there were no paragraphs. Sentences simply flowed into one another without 33__________. During medieval ( 中世纪) times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol [¶] and eventually became the modern-day paragraph break, which is 34__________ now only by a line break or indentation.Today, the paragraph break is used to give readers a break. The art of creating paragraphs is called paragraphing, the 35__________ of dividing a text into paragraphs. Paragraphing is a kindness to your reader because it divides your thinking into manageable bites. Paragraphs that are too long 36__________ readers with dense blocks of text to read through, while more frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient 37__________ points at which to take a break and relaunch themselves into thinking.To fully understand when to insert a paragraph break, it’s helpful to know that a paragraph is a group of closely related sentences that develop a central idea. Therefore, each paragraph discusses one 38__________ topic. Also, a paragraph break is employed before each new topic is introduced. In this way, the writing will flow, and readers will be able to proceed through the writing in a logical fashion instead of 39__________ all the way to get to the last line.Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the development of the Internet, which gives readers access to literally millions of sources of information, paragraphs have become increasingly 40__________. The style for many websites, for example, uses paragraphs no more than two to three sentences.答案31-40 EBDFG 36-40 AHIJC2021松江二模New York and New TaxAccording to a Manhattan Institute survey, more than half of high-earning New Yorkers are working entirely from home and 44% are considering leaving the city. Ned Lamont, Connecticut’s governor, has said “the old idea of the commuter (通勤者) going into New York City five days a week may be outdated.” It does seem 31________ that the tens of thousands commuting from Mr. Lamont’s state will continue to do so. The region’s governors have 32________ well together to deal with the pandemic (流行病), but the friendliness may soon end over taxes.When people from 33________ states like New Jersey and Connecticut commute to New York to work for a New York-based employer, they must pay New York tax on the related earned income. Even those who work from home must pay New York taxes unless the employee is working outside New York by 34________.Taxpayers and those states are looking closely at this loophole(漏洞). In December, Connecticut and New Jersey applied to the Supreme Court to consider a case which 35________ a state’s authority to tax non-residents’ income while they are working remotely. They think this is definitely a(n) 36________ to the city’s finances. “Firms have considered leaving the city before, and employees are gradually accepting the idea. They have been working remotely for almost ten months and they’ve 37________ to that idea.”Companies are also watching the progression of the Billionaire Mark to Market Tax Act, which would treat capital 38________ from billionaires’ property as taxable income. New York’s Democratic governor said he would reject any laws 39________ heavy taxes on the rich, because it would drive out wealthy, mobile residents. It would not take too many moving trucks for the city to feel the economic loss, says Michael Hendrix. A 5% 40________ of New Yorkers making about $10,000 would result in an annual loss of $933m—roughly the amount distributed to the city’s health department.答案31-40 EGCAH 36-40 BDKJF2021徐汇二模Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to (31)__________ the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers (32)__________ dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized (33)__________ and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will (34)__________ its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans (35)__________.Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry, and the environment. Trips to India as a child (36)__________ her of the need to do something positive for an environment (37)__________ strained by plastic waste. At Stanford University, she became aware of social entrepreneurship and continued developing her ideas for ending plastic waste in business school at MIT.How does Renew Oceans plan to tackle a(n) (38)__________ insurmountable ( 难以克服的) problem? First, using proprietary(专利的) “biofence” te chnology designed by Renewology, plastic waste is collected as it flows down rivers and branches. ReFences divertthe plastic and thus keep it from accumulating and entering the ocean. As (39)__________, the program has major side benefits. The plastic collected across the developing world will be converted into fuel, while waste pickers will receive compensation directly tied to the fuel generated from the plastic they collect. Renewology can become a powerful (40)__________ for empowering local communitie s while cleaning up the world’s trash and providing necessary fuel.答案31-35 GAJDK 36-40 CHIFB2021闵行二模Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity ____31____ to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the ____32____ of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market ____33____, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy ____34____ fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to ____35____ their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer ____36____. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise inself-promotional marketing. And once the ____37____ attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to ____38____ to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is ____39____. Having already achieved great wealth and public ____40____, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.答案31-35 CKAHG 36-40 FDJBI2021黄浦二模Would you wear a computer under your skin?Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, _____31_____ your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea —you can’t go out and get one —but the technology exists to make it work. “We _____32_____ it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit.Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency _____33_____ tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer.I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio _____34_____ with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or _____35_____ tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what abou t a brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves…. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your _____36_____.”Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? Some doctors are _____37_____ about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical _____38_____ are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and _____39_____. Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more _____40_____ level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?What do you think — would you want a computer under your skin?答案31. D 32. H 33. E 34. B 35. I 36.G 37. A 38.K 39. J 40. F2021长宁二模Obstacles can be overcome, say trade expertsThe main problem in the EU-UK talks on a trade deal is resolvable so long as neither side treats the matter as a question of high principle, according to trade experts.German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned on Wednesday that a trade deal must ____31____ a “level playing field, not only for today, but also for tomorrow ”. But BritishPrime Minister Boris Johnson said on Wednesday evening that Britain would never sign up to automatically having to ____32____ future EU rules in areas such as environmental regulations and labour standards in order to keep the ____33____ of a trade deal.Nonetheless, experts said there was the ____34____ for negotiation between Britain’s position, a willingness to swear not to ____35____ regulatory standards as they stand at the end of its Brexit (British exit) transiti on period, and the EU’s quest to ensure that these trade deals work well for ever.The “landing zone” for any deal would likely ensure that the UK was not able to weaken the effectiveness of European regulations and keep the advantages of zero tariffs (关税) in goods: the main feature of the ____36____ free trade agreement.David Henig, UK director of the European Centre For International Political Economy, said what was needed to be agreed were specific ____37____ that the trade deal covered and the process for dealing with possible ____38____.The only reason that this should spoil the trade deal talks, said Mr. Henig, was if one or both sides keep their positions on a matter of principle.Since the start of the talks, the EU’s concern has been to avoid having a(n) ____39____ competitor close to its single market, seizing an advantage through lax (宽松的) environmental regulations and labour standards.The EU has already moved ____40____ on state aid. Brussels entered the negotiations saying the UK should continue to in effect operate the state aid system under the supervision of the European Court of Justice. It has since agreed to an approach based upon agreeing common principles with Britain.答案31--35 BFDIA 36--40 KJHGC2021虹口二模Will a Robot Really Take Your Job?It is one of the most widely quoted data of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete without it. It has been pointed to as evidence of a(n) ____31____ jobs disaster by think-tanks and government agencies. The finding that 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being ____32____ by the mid2030s comes from a paper written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It has since been ____33____ in more than 4,000 other academic articles. Such misunderstandings reflect the polarized ( 两极分化的) debate ____34____ the nature of automation and the future of jobs.At one extreme are the negativists. They warn of mass technological ____35____ just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, has written two best-selling books on the dangers of unemployment caused by automation. He worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic ____36____ will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut themselves away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by self-directed military robots and drones.” The ____37____ masses will live on a universal basic income.At the positive end of the debate, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. It was several decades before industrialization led to ____38____ higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s. While automation is likely to increase ____39____ in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie.Frey is often ____40____ to be in the first camp. His paper simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America were more likely to be affected by automation. It got more attention than they would ever have expected. In part, this is because fear sells, particularly when i t is stirred up by a misunderstanding.答案31-35 DFIBC 36-40 AEKHI2021静安二模As colleges and universities nationwide revealed their admission decisions, news broke of a dramatic decline in acceptance rates - and not just at Ivy League schools. The shift meant that many high school students who pinned all their hopes on particular dream schools might find themselves____31____ with real disappointment.Why were admissions so low these years? It’s a number game. These years, colleges saw the number of applicants soar to record-high levels. But considering ____32____ budgets, the number of spots colleges could offer had to be ____33____. As a result, both state schools and private colleges kept seeing their acceptance rates fall rapidly.It’s not that most students won’t get into colleges at all. Instead, there are more than enough spots nationwide for every qualified applicant to find a place for study. But for many, the school they end up enrolling in may not have been their first, or even third choice. The ____34____ strike of rejection, in some cases, could be heartbreaking. These are kids who are used to being the best of the best.But some of the pressure is ____35____, without excuses, by students themselves, according to Laurence Steinberg, professor of Psychology. He thinks that Americans fall ____36____ to their own addiction to school rankings and fame. Students and their parents have formed strong commitments to particular schools long before admission decisions are made. “When they are rejected, it’s like being rejected by a boyfriend or girlfriend.” Steinberg says. “They ____37____ it: What’s the matter with me? What could I have done differently?”That emotional ____38____ is often only about what school name students will paste on their parents’ cars but it may also lead to families’ ____39____ of what may actually be the suitable school for the students.Actually, painful as the rejection is, in the long run, getting into a high-ranking university doesn’t necessarily mean competitive ____40____ in terms of job prospects and earnings. A research shows that many students rejected by highly selective schools earn asmuch as Ivy League graduates. What really matters is how seriously students take their studies.答案31-40 FEGDI ABCKH2021普陀二模Spain Looks to Chinese TravelersSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-end market, according to the president of the Spain-China Tourism Association.“It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the all-included (31)__________. They enjoy good food, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Rafael Cascales in a recent (32)__________ with Xinhua.The Spanish business leader described the(33)__________ Chinese tourists as being younger, more international, and perhaps including more women. "They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The (34)__________ large groups of visitors have not disappeared, butthis new form of traveling is becoming more important," he said.Speaking of the (35)__________ pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, the Tourism Association president said, “The money they spend is (36)__________ better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another."In his eyes, “Chinese tourists are very important because they (37)__________ two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else —almost four times more than tourists from other countries."They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to (38)__________ with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors in 2017, 700,000 of them from China, a number which the United Nations World Tourism Organization (39)__________ will rise to about 1 million by 2021."We are ready; we have the infrastructure(基础设施)at every level, (40)__________ in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them," Cascales noted.P lastic“Food”EndangeringTurtles Endangered green turtles are confusing plastic for food, according to scientists.Sea turtles mostly find their food visually, by 31________ the color and shape of an object to work out if it is edible. Some of their favorite foods look like plastic.Emily Duncan, a postdoctoral researcher in marine conservation commented in a statement:"The 32________ of this plastic might include things like black trash bags.”Researchers studied 34 turtles who had washed up on the beaches of on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, and found they were 33________ to pieces of plastic which looked like sheets or threads, and were black, clear or green.The team were able to look at the gastrointestinal tracts(胃肠道) of 19 turtles.All of themhad eaten plastic, 34________ from 3 to 183 pieces in total.Smaller turtles had eaten more plastic than bigger animals.That could be because of their naivety.The team concluded that green turtles, 35________ younger individuals, who feed in the coastal waters of Cyprus, regularly 36________ and eat plastic so much that the vast majority of animals contain some plastic in their gastrointestinal tracts at the time of their death.The findings 37________ past studies which show other species of turtle get mixed up between food and waste.The problem doesn't just affect green turtles.Extremely high 38________ of plastic are found in oceans across the world, leading to all sea turtles, at least 36 percent of sea birds, and many fish species being found to have taken in plastic waste.Professor Brendan Godley, who leads the Exeter Marine research strategy at the University of Exeter and co-authored the work, commented:"Research like this helps us understand what sea turtles are eating, and whether certain kinds of plastic are being 39________ more than others."It's important to know what kinds of plastic might be a particular problem, as well as highlighting issues that can help 40________ people to continue to work on reducing overall plastic consumption and pollution.Disrupted Schooling Spells Worse Results and Deeper Inequality The first meeting between teachers in Montpelier, Vermont, before the start of the autumn term is usually festive —_____31_____ over breakfast and coffee. This year they had to make do with an online video conference. After a scramble in the spring (to set up online learning,。

2020届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2020黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.【答案】31-40 CFGAD KIBHE【难度】中等2、2020普陀二模A. advancedB. automaticallyC. bayD. boostE. containedF. exposedG. interacted H. randomly I. reaction J. sprayed K. spreadChange Behavior to Prevent InfectionDuring flu season, frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at ___31___, and so do ants.Nathalie of the University of Lausanne and her colleagues observed ants to see their ___32___ to the presence of a pathogen（病原体）. “With the nurses staying inside and taking care of the young, the worker ants are all outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.” Worker ants are at greater risk of getting ___33___ to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers ___34___ a common fungus (真菌) on a small group of worker ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted. “We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which is ___35___ detected and recorded using a tracking system.”After the infection, the nurse and worker ants stayed within their small group and ___36___ less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that worker ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent so by quite a long large amount.” The researchers measured the amount of fungus on each ant and saw that it was almost completely ___37___ to the worker group. Some nurse ants and the Queen only had trace amounts of fungus’ spores (孢子) on them. The study indicated that the group behavior effectively stopped the ___38___ of the fungus. Something that’s quite interesting in these ants is that the very small amount of the spores can ___39___ their natural defenses and protect them against later exposure to the same pathogen.It seems that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more ___40___ than we are.【答案】31-40 CIFJB GEKDA【难度】中等Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simpl e instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough 40for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.【答案】31-40 FGCHK BDEJA【难度】中等偏难4、2020杨浦二模Hunting to Farming Is Not Necessarily GoodShifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ________ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.“For a long time, the shift from hunting to farming was assumed to represent progress, allowing people to (33) ________ a laborious and uncertain way of life,” said Dr. Dyble. “But as soon as researchers started working with hunter-gatherers they began (34) ________ this narrative, finding that hunters actually enjoy quite a lot of leisure time. Our data provides some of the clearest (35) ________ for this idea yet.” The researchers followed 359 people from the Agta community (36) ________ how much time they spent on leisure, childcare, domestic chores and out-of-camp work. As well as the overall difference in hours worked, the study also found that women living in the communities most involved in farming had half as much leisure time as those in communities which only hunted. Co-author, Dr. Abigail Page added: “We have to be really careful when (37) ________ from contemporary hunter-gatherers to different societies in pre-history.” But if the first farmers really did work harder than hunters then this begs an important question - why did humans adopt agriculture?Previous studies suggested the adoption of farming grew up to help cope with (38) ________ societies, although other experts claimed that it was agriculture itself that allowed sedentary(定栖的) communities to expand, and once they (39) ________ a certain size, it would have been impossible for groups to return to a hunter-gathering lifestyle, even if they had wanted to. Dr. Page says: “The amount of leisure time that Agta enjoy is evidence to the (40) ________ of the hunter-gatherer way of life. This leisure time also helps to explain how these communities manage to share so many skills and so much knowledge within lifetimes and across generations.”【答案】31-40 J G D F A I K C E B【难度】He was once the world’s fattest man weighing in at an incredible 980 pounds and consuming 20,000 calories (卡路里) a day. But it seems that after losing 672 pounds following a surgery, it’s not just Paul Mason’s health that has a more promising 31 —his weight loss may have also promoted his love life.Mr. Mason has only known his new girlfriend Rebecca for a month and the pair are yet to meet, but already the 52-year old has 32 that Rebecca is the love of his life. The pair met online last month when Rebecca saw a television 33 about Mr. Mason’s extreme fatness—the result of overeating when a previous relationship ended. She was so touched by his situation as to get in touch, keen to help Mr. Mason get the NHS (National Health Service) to pay for a second operation to 34 him of layers of extra skin.Mr. Mason said: “She didn’t really think of anything 35 at the beginning. It wasn’t until the second conversation that I realised there was more there than just friends. She felt the same and brought up the idea of us being boyfriend and girlfriend.”Mr. Mason says that he doesn’t go for looks and finds Rebecca’s 36 attitude particularly attractive. “It is her personality, her 37 and passion that has made me fall for her. We share the same ideas and interestsand she has made me look at life in a new way. For a long time I couldn’t really see light at the end of the tunnel, but since Rebecca’s been in my life I’ve got a whole new 38 of worth and excitement.”Mr. Mason 39 to his incredible size by eating ten times the amount needed by a normal man due to a compulsive eating disorder. As his weight rose sharply he was left unable to stand or walk before finally becoming bed-ridden and being looked after full time by carers.Firefighters had to knock down the front wall of his 40 home so they could use a fork lift truck to lift him out and put him into an ambulance when he needed an operation in 2002.【答案】31-40 FDAEJ IKCGH【难度】中等Your shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who ___31___ wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some ___32___ in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most ___33___ findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 ___34___ from North America, Africa and Europe. These ___35___ sandal-wearing(穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively ___36___. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on ___37___.According to Sorrentino, ___38___ evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have ___39___ the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino ___40___ that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.【答案】31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJ【难度】中等Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives (国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be ___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.【答案】31-40 FAECG DIKJH【难度】中等偏难screen. However, the music kept 31 , so all as well －or so I thought.Thirty minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was pitch-black. The next morning, I decided not to go to the phone store for 24 hours, I felt a(n) 32 sense of calm that day, which led to my not going for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days without my smartphone.Here are three 33 I noticed and why you may want to consider a smartphone detox (戒除期) yourself:●You'll become boredWhile in line at a Starbucks, I noticed how every individual had their head down, eyes fixed on their smartphone. With nothing to distract myself with during the waiting period, I became bored, and my mind 34 through all sorts of topics.Boredom is 35 something we avoid at all costs. However, boredom is the perfect way to make a(n) 36 on a business idea or project. When you enter a state of boredom, you allow your mind to relax and escape from the realities of today to the infinite 37 of tomorrow.●You'll be able to dramatically reduce your "work" hoursA study found that adults ages 18 to 33 38 their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes.As I learned during my experiment, placing some distance between myself and my device helped me fall into deep work more easily.By not having my smartphone, my distraction time went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found myself 39 what to do with the afternoon since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day.●Your mental well-being will receive a boost (提高)Obviously, without a cellphone, I experienced a lack of 40 news and comments. While that helped cause a dramatic boost in my mental well-being, the biggest reason for it was truly connecting to people.【答案】31-40 FHCAJ DKGBI【难度】中等9、2020奉贤二模A. essentiallyB. roundC. stuckD. spiritsE. encouragingF. desperatelyG. strengths H. frustrating I. spilling J. collective K. sealedIt started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades (小夜曲) and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it (31) ______ from people’s homes, out of windows and from balconies, and resounding across rooftops.Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide (32) ______ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe’s worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain (33) ______ under house arrest as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people (34) ______ in their homes, reflects the spirit, resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people’s souls, it has also demonstrated the (35) ______ of those national characters.In China, patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring (36) ______ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep (37) ______ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country’s empty streets, while social media feeds fill with (38) ______, sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤) from tightly (39) ______ masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title “It will all be OK.”“We’re Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture,” said Giorgio Albertini, 51, an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way “to feel a community, and to have the (40) ______ grief.”【答案】31-40IBACG FDEKJ【难度】中等10、2020闵行二模A. labelB. bearsC. burdenedD. illustratesE. implementF. guaranteedG. presentedH. hitI. entry J. nationalized K. groundThe “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, ___31___ the image of Queen Victoria, but thefirst British postal service did not originate in Victorian England. In 1680, WilliamDockwra started a public service that ___32___ the quick delivery of a letter anywhere inLondon. His system was quickly ___33___ with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfectsystem, ___34___ with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensiveto send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this___35___ some problems — either people weren’t home or flat-out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rowland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacingthem with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender.When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained ___36___ among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and, during their subsequent meeting, the two men conceived of a gluey ___37___ that could be applied to envelopes to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for an affordable way to connect with distant friends and family, officials still weren’t convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to ___38___ his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the necessary postal facility. The winning stamp ___39___ describing the young Queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate her first visit to London.The “Penny Black” stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate ___40___.Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The Penny Black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty years. 【答案】31-40. BFJCG KAEIH【难度】中等偏难Curiosity and Globalization are Driving a New Approach to Travel Today’s political climate and negative headlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population—minds narrowing, borders going up. But with more people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) ___31___, connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the ___32___ from different cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from ___33___, with younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision (碰碰) of two trends—globalization and the experience economy—has ___34___ a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy”. The phenomenon is having a powerful impact on people’s interactions and definitions of ___35___ exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the ___36___ of trade and capital between countries, we shouldn’t forget that the ___37___ force behind it all is people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies and the cultural integration (碰碰) are the more influential social effects of globalization. People are increasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born—more than half of respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has ___38___ in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unaffordable housing have created a(n)___39___ in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. Travel is absolutely necessary to most people’s lives—in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down on their daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expensive an experience or a trip, it is still more ___40___ than a house.【答案】31-40 FDEHB ICGJA【难度】中等China’s new e-commerce law, which was passed last August, took effect on January 1. The law comes amid the rapid development of China into the world’s largest e-commerce market.The law aims to regulate the market and create a sound (31) _________ environment. It covers the requirement for registration and licensing of e-commerce operators, taxation, electronic payment, etc. It also (32) _________ other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity.The new law will apply to three types of operators. These include e-commerce (33) _________ operators like Taobao, third-party merchants who sell goods and services on e-commerce platforms, and online vendors (供应商) who do business via other network (34) _________, such as social media sites. It means that merchants who sell goods through non-traditional e-commerce platforms, such as WeChat, will fall under the new law. These sellers will now need to finish their business registration and pay (35) _________ taxes.The law will make all e-commerce platform operators (36) _________ responsible with the merchants for selling any fake or knock-off goods on their websites. Before the law took effect, individual merchants were solely responsible when caught selling liable (负有偿付责任的) goods.The implementation of the law may bring (37) ________ on online retail (零售) companies and merchants selling goods through social media sites. Many private shopping agents (known as daigou) are considering whether to continue the service under the new policy since it will increase the management cost and lead to a rise in the product price.But the new law does not aim to (38) _________ small to medium sized online retailer. Instead, it helps lay the legal foundation for the growth of the e-commerce business industry, (39) _________ order in the market and further promotes its growth.Besides, the law will help clean up China’s reputation as a (40) _________ source of fake or knock-off goods. In the long term, consumers will benefit from it.【答案】31-40KGJEB DCAFI【难度】中等At the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the filmwas __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.【答案】31-40 G F K A H J C B D I【难度】中等No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half received mindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.【答案】31-40 DHKAF BJCIE【难度】中等。

（1）虹口Officials at Boston College have made what may be a critical decision: they’ve stopped giving out new email accounts to incoming students. The officials realized that the students had already established digital 41 by the time they entered college, so the new email addresses were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer forwarding (转发) services.Starting next year, freshman 43 at Boston College won’t be given an actual email account complete with login and inbox, just an email address. This address, in the format of****************will simply forward mail to the student’s already 44 inbox, be it Gmail, Windows Live Mail, Yahoo Mail, AOL, or whatever else they may be using.The college reached a smart decision after first looking into outsourcing(外包) their email to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 45 reasons more than anything, we can easily imagine this as being the start of a new trend.Can you even imagine a U.S. college student who didn’t have an email address of their own by the time they w e r e a f r e s h m a n?I t’s46u n h e a r d o f.T o d a y’s s t u d e n t s a r e d i g i t a l 47 immersed (浸润) in technology from the day they were born. It simply doesn’t make sense to give them yet another account to manage when they enter college.By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For example, a student who changes their email carrier will probably forget to 49 the institution to the change and could then miss out on 50 messages from the university with regard to their courses, scholarship, safety information, etc.In the end, we think the decision Boston College made could easily be the start of a new trend. We’re sure the students like it, too.（2When US’ Duke University second-year student Christian Drappi sees someone using a Square (an electronic payment service) credit card reader, he pulls out his phone, takes a picture and uploads it to Twitter. “It kind of spreads like __41__ through Twitter,” said Drappi, who is a campus brand representative for Squa re.Companies are __42__ using college campus brand representatives to spread the word about their products. These representatives often rely on word-of-mouth tools like social media to __43__ the company and any promotional events they host.Though the brand representative is no stranger to the college marketing scene, social media are changing how these representatives __44__ with students of their same age and how effectively their message is communicated. Companies like Red Bull, Microsoft and Twitter all have campus representatives __45__ to spreading good news about the brand.“Campus representatives approach students groups, local merchants and other prospective users to demonstrate how the card reader works and its advantages over __46__ mach ines.” Adam Bassett, who runs the Square U program said.Cord Silverstein, executive vice president of interactive communications at the Raleigh advertising agency Capstrat, said, “Social media have made it easier than ever for college students to share opinions on a productwith their friends. Someone’s friend, someone they __47__, like a student or a professor, these people are having much greater influence on what college students think, like and don’t like, because they trust their opinions.”When looking at representative __48__, McCarthy, who heads the campus representative program for Square, said the company looks for __49__ students who are social-media understanding. “Three or four years ago, brand representatives on campus were a(n) __50__ idea. Now companies have them everywhere. There’s only so much mindshare to capture.” McCathy emphasized.（3）静杨青宝Americans know the benefits of having a healthy diet. In school, children learn to eat a variety of healthy foods. People grow up aware of the value of __41__ calories. They hear about the health dangers of chemicals added to __42__ food. They realize they shouldn’t eat too many sweets or fats. Many American consumers read __43__ carefully for nutrition information. That way they can compare products and eat the best foods.Keeping fit — or maybe getting in shape —is often high on the list of New Year’s resolutions for Americans. In the past two decades, fitness has become a fashion. Many Americans have joined health clubs to work out with __44__ equipment. Sports stores sell sports shoes and clothing for every possible exercise __45__. People can even buy weights and equipment and set up their own exercise center at home!Statistics give health experts good reason to be disappointed. Americans exercise less than they used to. The number of people taking part in fitness activities __46__ from 41.7 million in 1991 to only 32 million in 1993. Among high school students, only 37 percent __47__ three times per week. However, 70 percent of teenagers watch at least an hour of TV every day, and 38 percent watch over three hours. As a result, the __48__ American gained eight pounds during the 1980’s. At least one-third of Americans weigh 20 percent more than their ideal weight.Still, by many __49__, Americans enjoy good health. Medical care in the United States, while expensive, is among the best in the world. The U.S. Government __50__ strict food inspections to ensure that food is of the highest quality. Food producers must label products accurately. Many resources, such as magazines, TV programs and even the Internet, allow people to find out how to improve their health. Americans know how to make themselves more healthy. They just need to do it.(4)浦东wide variety of tissues, including bits of lung, kidney and heart muscle. Now the world’s first publicly traded 3D bio-printing company is getting ____41____ for production. In January slices of human liver tissue were ____42____ to an outside laboratory for testing. These ____43____ take about 30 minutes to produce, says Keith Murphy, the firm’s chief executive Later this year Organovo aims to begin commercial sales.The invention of 3D printing provided a technology now ____44____ to manufacture everything from aircraft parts to body parts. But the ____45____ of 3D bio-printing is even brighter:to create human tissues for research, drug development and testing, and ____46____ as replacement organs, such as a kidney, for patients desperately in need of ____47____. Bio-printed organs could be made from patients’ own cells and thus would not be ____48____ by their immune systems. They could also be manufactured on demand.At present only a few of companies are trying to ____49____ the production of bio-printed tissues. ButThomas Boland, an early pioneer in the field, says that plenty of others are interested. He also estimates that about 80 teams at research institutions around the world are now trying to print ____50____ small pieces of tissues such as skin,blood vessels, liver, lung and heart. “It’s a wonderful technology to build three-dimensional biological structures,” says Gabor Forgacs, who co-founded Organovo in 2007.(5) 普陀It is A. achieved B. authority C. available D. code E. dominated F. educationalG. opinions H. matters I. related J. representatives K. symbolizationimportant that students’ feelings, opinions and suggestions are listened to, taken into account, and that the right action is taken. There are a number of ways that this can be __41__, i.e. school councils, year councils and peer mentoring.School councilsMost schools have a school council which exists to let the teachers and head teacher know what students’__42__ are on a range of school issues. The school council usually consists of two or three elected __43__ from each year group.A school council might meet once or twice a month to discuss issues such as the dress __44__, the use of social areas, charity fundraising and bullying.Year councilsBecause school councils are sometimes __45__ by older students, some schools have introduced year councils. The aim of a year council is to give students the opportunity to express opinions on __46__ of importance to that particular year group. The following is an example of the rules relating to a school’s council for year 8 (pupils aged 12-13).The head of year will attend all council meetings as an observer and both they and the other year staff will be __47__ as required to offer support and advice to council members and to assist in the settlement of arguments.Peer mentoringThere are other ways in which students’ voices can be heard. One of the most popular schemes involves peer mentoring. Those who express an interest receive training to become mentors(导师) so that they are better equipped to help others. This starts from primary school age, when the mentors may get involved in issues __48__ to conflict resolution. At secondary school and at university, mentors are likely to deal with a larger variety of issues, such as __49__ and health-related matters.The belief in schemes like these is that being heard by your peers can be more effective and helpful as fellow students may have more time and understanding than teachers or others in __50__.（6）徐汇松江金山A. reassuresB. wellC. distinguishD. encounterE. objectsF. inoffensiveG. revealsH. afterwardsI. implicationJ. genuineK. unpleasantTelling Tales“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!”Do I have your attention? Probably. Welisten, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problemwith gossip: it’s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but itcan also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “L et’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,”I’m inviting you to a social 45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...If this summer you pay a visit to Milan, the fashion center of Italy, make sure you’re not caught eating ice cream in the streets after midnight as doing so is now ___41___.A new law was passed by Milan’s city council banning the sale of take-away food and drinks after midnight in some districts which are famous for their nightlife ___42___. The purpose of this unusual move is, according to the city council, to discourage night gathering in downtown areas.The law inevitably has given rise to a number of protests, accusing that the government has ___43___ people’s normal lives. However, if you take into consideration the country’s ___44___ economy and its high unemployment rate, the local government’s fear of ‘night assembling’may be reasonable.In fact, Milan’s law is only the strangest of a host of restrictions on nightlife that have ___45___ up in European cities recently. Madrid’s city center was declared a ‘low-noise zone’last September and the city council has been refusing to ___46___ bar and club licenses ever since.Why do European cities deal so strictly with nightlife? I t may be because Europe’s population is getting older and can no longer ___47___ late night activities within the neighborhood.In the past, bars and clubs bloomed in European city centers, which were ___48___ to working class populations. But gradually, these people began to move out of the city centers and into the suburbs. Only the wealthy and the upper-class people can afford to live in ___49___ centers now. But these people don’t go to bars and clubs to socialize. Instead, they consider fun-seekers who wander in their neighborhoods annoying. They also worry that bars and clubs will make their neighborhoods less ___50___ and devalue their housing property.Rain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical(热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration (蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.（9A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year.In the first study to assess the global __41__ of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more __42__ exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it.Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly __43__ for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to __44__ families to stop smoking in the home.While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were __45__ across countries at all income levels.In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children __46__ with 9,514 in adults.Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with __47__ smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always __48__ enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are __49__, research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said.Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher __50__ rates in those trying to quit.Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This question has remained unsolved for hundreds of years, yet soon it might not be a problem anymore —the egg of the future may not 41 a chicken at all.But if not from a chicken, where will the egg come from? Apparently, a plant is one of the possibilities, as Hampton Creek, a food technology company in San Francisco, US, has found. They created a 42 for eggs, called Beyond Eggs, using a mixture of 11 plants, including sunflowers and a variety of beans.Unlike the image you might now have in your mind, Beyond Eggs look nothing like 43 eggs. They are sold as gray powder that you mix with water before cooking. But the final product tastes just like the real thing.But the question is, why 44 with “plant eggs”? What’s the problem with ordinary eggs?The truth is that 99 percent of our eggs come from industrial warehouses (养鸡场仓库) where chickens are crowded into cages too small for them to even spread their wings. This cruelty is what 45 Hampton Creek to carry out the Beyond Eggs project in the first place.In addition, the cages where chickens are kept so close together are a hotbed for viruses. To help the chickens stay healthy, farmers feed them antibiotics (抗生素), which may cause dangerous bacteria to grow 46 to the drugs and 47 spread to humans through eggs and meat.In fact, 48 the egg is not a new idea, but Beyond Eggs seems to be the most successful attempt so far.Besides their great taste and eco-friendliness, Beyond Eggs provide the same nutritional 49 as real eggs, and they’re even healthier since they don’t contain cholesterol (胆固醇). The company also 50 that the cost of their products is around 19 percent less than real eggs, which makes them more affordable.（11）闵行“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform43 that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, theargument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously50 much more serious thinking.虹口：41. C 42. F 43. J 44. G 45. D 46. H 47. B 48. I 49. E 50. K黄浦：41 – 45 KEHFB 46 – 50 JIACG静杨青宝41-50 DHAGE FIBKC浦东：普陀：41. A 42. G 43. J 44. D 45. E 46. H 47. C 48. I 49. F 50. B徐汇：41. H 42. K 43. A 44. F 45. D 46. I 47. B 48. C 49. G 50. E闸北：41-45 E F K H A 46-50 D J B I C长宁嘉定：41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A E崇明：41. C 42. J 43. I 44. K 45. B 46. F 47. A 48. H 49.E 50.G奉贤：41—45 I E A G C 46—50 J B K D H闵行：41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. D。

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼) F.costly A.processG.crucial B.impacting H.highly C.appearance I.legal D.linked J.pause E.assessmentK.marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products,such as cigarettes,have been 31to a wide range of health problems,including cancer,heart disease,respiratory (呼吸的)disorders and others.According to a survey,78.3percent of smokers start smoking before age 20.Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32smoking age to 20or above.By instituting this change,they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being 33as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes,heated tobacco products (HTPs)are stillconsidered tobacco.As such,they pose significant dangers to human health.The heating 34used in these products35addictive releases harmful chemicals and poisons,including tar (焦油),carbon monoxide and nicotine,a(n)substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking.To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and36their health,Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37review mechanism.Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured,imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases,including cancer,heart disease,and breathing problems.Quitting smoking can also improve your 39.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.Quitting can lead tohealthier skin,whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobaccouse,your senses recover,leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately,quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness,irritability (易怒)and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social for overcoming these things and living a smoke-freeenvironments,coping strategies and professional help are40 life.答案：31.D 32.I 33.K 34.A 35.H 36.B 37.E 38.J 39.C 40.G上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)A.activateB.amountedparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identif yG.image H.influenced I.respects J.review K.substantialExercise Can Help Prevent Depression,Study FindsHow often do you exercise?A new31from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression,even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in2.5to5hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and15minutes to2.5hours of32aerobic(有氧的)exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what33to2.5hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all,the study found.But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all,according to researchers.“In this study,a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n)34 decrease in risks of depression,”the study says.The researchers analyzed15studies with nearly200,000participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an18%lower risk of depression 35with adults who did not exercise,the study says.Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25%lower risk of depression than those who did not.Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly36 depression risk,according to researchers.Many37of exercise can lead to improved mental health.For example,working out can increase circulation (血液循环)to the brain and38the central nervous system,leading to what many refer to as a“runners high,”the study says.More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body39,which can cause a person to be more social,researchers say.Nearly5%of adults in the U.S.report regular feelings of depression,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Among the study participants,researchers estimate that1in every9cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise40,the study says.答案：31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G40.EA.floode dB.leapsC.increasinglybinesE.reflectsF.emphasizingG.pioneering H.crafted I.technical J.unexpectedly K.classicChinese animations(动画)are boomingThe“Black Cat Detective”,released40years ago,was a childhood favorite for many Chinese.Since then,Chinese cartoons have come a long way.While“Black Cat Detective”was simply drawn,current cartoons feature_____31_____ advances and fascinating plots.One example is“Boonie Bears:Time Twist”,a family-friendly adventure released in February,with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar,a_____32_____animation studio now owned by Disney.These recent_____33_____in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office.“Ne Zha:Birth of the Demon Child”was the most well-received film in China in2019,_____34_____beating out“Avengers: Endgame”,a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.In the1960s,China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films_____35_____into the Chinese market,dominating both domestic television and cinema screens.As a result,Chinese animators _____36_____began to work for western studios.However,things changed in2015with the release of“Monkey King: Hero is Back”,a breakthrough for Chinese animation.This film,based on the timeless_____37_____“Journey to the West”,signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry.The main character,the Monkey King,is depicted(刻画)as going through a mid-life crisis,which_____38_____the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children.Light Chaser Animation,a Beijing-based studio,has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China.Its production“30,000Miles from Chang’an”_____39_____elements of Chinese culture,history,and legends with aesthetic(美学的)feeling of Tang dynasty poetry.Indeed,traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,_____40_____the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation.Like other industries,cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added“Chinese characteristics”.答案：31-35IGBJA36-40CKEDFScience in Image sOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they should be offthe menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat.Nowresearchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use aparticular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility and death.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”答案：31.B 32.C 33.E 34.G 35.H 36.K 37.J 38.D 39.F 40.IA.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomOpenAI Unveils A.I.that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping VideosLast April,a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos.The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing.But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly__31__videos sooner.Just10months later,OpenAI has revealed a similar system,Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.OpenAI is among the many companies__32__to improve this kind of instant video generator.The technology could__33__the work of experienced moviemakers.It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online__34__,making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.In an interview,the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s__35__.The intention here is to give a(n)__36__of what is likely to happen soon,so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.Like other generative A.I.technologies,OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data—in this case,videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain.OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from,except to say the training included both__37__available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders.The company says little about the data used to train its technologies,most likely because it wants to__38__an advantage over competitors.Sora generates videos in__39__to short descriptions.Though the videos can be impressive,they may include strange and__40__images.The system,for example,recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie—but the cookie never got any smaller.答案：31-40AHJBC FGEIDThe Curious World of BatsNot all bats are unbelievably adorable,like the one below.Many of them have___31___faces and large ears that help them“see”in the dark,using echo location(回声定位).But all bats are,without adoubt,___32___creatures.Scientists are typically reluctant to___33___about bats because they make up sucha large and diverse group of winged animals.With nearly1,500species,bats___34___about one-fifth of all mammal(哺乳动物)species on Earth.But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are,in not-so-scientific terms,very odd.“They break all the___35___,”said Cori Lausen,a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.Being able to fly is just one of their___36___,since mammals rarely fly.Apart from that,bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows—as slow as one beat per minute.Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep,known as“torpor”,for a few hours a day or even for weeks to___37___energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable.And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies,some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.For how much energy they need,it’s also surprising that many bat species,including most of those in the US,rely on insects alone for food.They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them.A mom that is___38___a baby can catch more than4,000insects in one night.Oddly,although bats can fly,they can’t easily take off from a(n)___39___position,like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down—bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.“For them,it’s not upside down,”Frick said.“It’s flight-side ready!”While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals,scientists are___40___the alarm.In North America,more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline.Climate change,they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.答案：31-40BDIJK EAFCHWill AI allow humans to play a part?Rebecca used to have a regular job,translating a fashion brand’s website into German.One day a big change happened.The company(31)______to using machine translation.She kept the job,and it still paid the bills;however, she was now there to check and(32)______whatever was produced by the computer.But there was a complaint.“What it meant,(33)______,was that we humans were training a machine,”she says.Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt,each pair of skinny jeans,was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her.With the(34) ______of chat programs that can imitate humans,the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means.What will it do for our jobs if many once(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most(36)______—intelligence—has become the cheapest product on the planet?Translators,for good and ill,don’t have to wonder.“You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a(37)______of the world,”says Nicki Bone,chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting.Not all of them are adjusting.“Of course,we have our(38)______,”but she adds,“There are also opportunities,and optimists.”The speed of change,though,has been(39)______.Increasingly,says Bone,she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass,rather than translators of the raw material.For some,that’s fine.“People will say,‘OK,instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,I’m working at many more words per hour,but for a much lower rate.’Some are happy to take on.Some won’t,as a matter of principle.”As we are(40)______at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing,translators are,compared with the rest of the professions,sensitive.Anyway,this technology is here to stay.答案：31~40KJAHI FGDCBA new way to reduce poachingResearchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns（犀牛角）with radioactive material,a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year,government data shows,with public and private game__31__lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there.While the toll was a third lower than in2019and the sixth__32__drop,illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about20,000of the animals in the country—the world’s biggest population.Thousands of__33__sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material__34__into the horns,according to James Larkin,a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg,who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security.“A whole new__35__of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,”he said.Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning,dyeing and removing the horns,have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.Known as The Rhisotope Project,the new anti-poaching__36__started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸）into two rhinos’horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’bodies. Also,__37__studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material.Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine,as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,__38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.“If we make it radioactive,these people will be hesitant to buy it,”Larkin said.“We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company,the University of Witwatersrand,scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project.If the method is__39__feasible,it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept,then we will be making this whole idea__40__to whoever wants to use it,”Larkin said.答案：31-35DEKFA36-40IGCJBA.contrastB.instructe dC.concentratingD.potentialE.touchingF.playedG.better H.specialized I.spot J.follow K.tracing Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at PartiesIf you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party,make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.To explore how background music affects the way we 31conversations,researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31individuals aged 21and 33.During the experiment,participants listened to 72minutes of an audiobook (有声读物),which the pair used as a replacement for32on someone talking,while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.For half of the experiment,the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man.The rest of the time,they were told to focus on four background songs,which were similarly33for 2minutes at a time.This34in voices aimed to assess participants’ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.During the experiment,all the participants wore35caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.This 36of electrical activity was the key.It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently theseindividuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when37to do so.The finding revealed that the participants could 38turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.Following the task,the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills,such as the capacity to 39whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same.Notably,those with lower musical scoresdemonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks,suggesting a(n)40link between musical ability and attention management skills.答案：31.J 32.C 33.F 35.H36.K 37.B 38.G 39.I 34.A 40.D上海市浦东新10.2024届区A.backfirepensateC.exten 小猫钓鱼高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十()d D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhy You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose WeightMany of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting(or restarting)exercise regimens(练身计划)in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds.Unquestionably,aiming to be more active is good.But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well__31__.For starters,exercise—at least the kind most of us do—is__32__ineffective for weight loss.Take walking,for example.A150-pound person who walks briskly for30minutes will burn,on average,around140calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.Studies__33__show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for30minutes a day,five days a week—the amount recommended for good health—typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.When moderate exercise is added to diet,the results are equally not__34__.Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.In studies where exercise has produced__35__weight loss,participants burned at least400to500calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that,sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to exert that much effort,our bodies often__36__by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism,effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into__37__.How many times have you heard someone say(or said yourself)“I’ll need to do extra exercise”after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?The point is that we’re more likely to__38__exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress.Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.Of course,the benefits of physical activity__39__well beyond these.It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases.It can also improve sleep and boost energy.By all means,striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health.But to improve the odds of success,focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally—and forget about how it moves the__40__on the scale.答案：31-35AKHDE36-40BJICGA.empowersB.termedC.interactio nD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32)______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34) ______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only,machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead,researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.答案：31-35D B A C E36-40G K F H JA.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routin eI.surgically J.underlying K.variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity31patients’lasting pain.That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other32.“We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,”said Prasad Shirvalkar,lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly28million adults in the UK alone,and the causes are33,ranging from cancer to back problems.That being the case,lasting pain has34a rise in taking powerful painkillers.But no medical treatments work well for the condition,35experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study,Shirvalkar and his colleagues36implanted electrodes(电极)into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs.The devices37the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset.Several times a day,the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the38of pain,meaning how strong the pain was,and then record their brain activity.These scientists,armed with the survey responses and brain recordings,found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC.“We found very different brain activity 39severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,”said Shirvalkar.The finding may explain,at least in part,why40painkillers are less effective for lasting pain.“The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”答案：31-35JFKDG36-40IBEAHA.conservationB.relocat eC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of The Explorers ClubDiscovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation,discovered three newcryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churchesin remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______of places.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his team named the smallbrown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard.Two(33)_______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35)_______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures,and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant (40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”答案：31-35KAIBF36-40GDEJC。

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---十一选十Giving kids allowances in the smartphone ageAllowances are a constant. No matter how much technology interferes with the parent-child relationship, kids still want money and parents still want to impart (赋予) a basic work ethic. But putting stickers on chore (日常事务) charts and dropping coins in piggy banks don’t cut it with the smartphone generation.Parents in search of more 31 ways to teach children the value of money are turning to allowance-tracking apps, where kids can see their 32 rise and fall in real time.Bonnie Koon, a mother of three in Crawfordville, Fla., used to post a calendar on her refrigerator 33 her kids chores, to the embarrassment of her 16-year-old twins. After seeing a Facebook ad for the app Greenlight, she 34 it.Greenlight links to parents’ bank accounts so that the payout can be seamless. Parents can encourage saving by paying interest on the money that isn’t spent 35 — interest out of the parents’ own pockets, of course.It’s the first taste of 36 freedom for many kids, and it’s set in a relatively safe environment. Parents can determine spending limits and choose the retailers（零售商）where a child can make 37 . If a child attempts to buy something at an unapproved store or to spend more than the limit, the transaction (交易) is 38 and parents get a notification. And if a kid loses the card, parents can immediately cancel it from the app.One of Ms. Koon’s twins, Brenna, works part time at a restaurant. She’s putting half of her pay check into a car-insurance savings fund she set up in the app, with the goal of saving $450 by July. With each 39 , the app gives Brenna a progress update.Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the 40 nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. The real-time look at their accounts makes the concepts of saving and spending more tangible than reviewing a bank statement.31- 40: FBIEH GKCDA2.黄浦区How to work from home?There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.31-35: CFGAD36-40: KIBHEAt the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of hiscareer, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.31-40 G F K A H J C B D I4.松江区A. releasedB. eventuallyC. deliveringD.addressE. actF. formerlyG. fascinationH. sightingI. inquiringJ. undertakenK. misidentifiedFrom the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those ___31___ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives(国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.31—35 FAECG 36—40 DIKJH5.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations canbe passed on 37.According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJThe series, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month, has the highest percentage of adult viewers of any children’s show. It has been televising lessons (31) ________ for youngchildren on everything from letters and numbers, healthy eating, and diversity and inclusion. For as long it’s been on the air, research on the show has (32) ________ demonstrated that it’s a highly effective educational tool.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media (33) ________ can be beneficial for young children, especially when they are shared with parents or caregivers. This is something that “Sesame Street” (芝麻街) has understood since its debut. Part of the show’s winning formula is not just its appeal to children — often with repetitive lessons, fast-paced editing and a(n) (34) ________ interesting style. The show’s ability to encourage adults to watch TV along with their children, known as co-viewing, is a large part of why the series remains a success.As an associate professor of Communication Studies at West Virginia University, I study Entertainment-Education, the practice of (35) ________ educational messages in entertaining media formats — such as popular TV shows, comic books or video games. The best way to attract people of all ages and cultures to messages that leave them better informed is to (36) ________ those messages into the media that they are naturally attracted in order to relax and have fun.In the 1990s, an experiment conducted by educational psychologist Gavriel Salomon demonstrated that the learning differences between underprivileged children and more (37) ________ children could be reduced when a parent co-viewed the show with them.One of the remarkable things about the study was that co-viewing was a(n) (38) ________ for children’s learning because their parents’ mere physical presence is enough to intensify emotions and enhance enjoyment.Years later, studies continued to uncover the benefits of parent-child co-viewing and parental involvement remains one of the key (39) ________ of "Sesame Street" educational strategy. In fact, the show is reported to (40) ________ the highest number of adult-child co-viewing experiences of any children's show, with nearly 50% of its viewers being over the age of 18.The show serves as a generational bridge. Parents of today’s preschoolers enjoy reliving some of their own memories of growing up watching "Sesame Street."No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half receivedmindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.31.D 32. H 33. K 34. A 35. F 36. B 37. J 38. C 39. I 40. E8.徐汇区Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instructi on: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their。

高三二模语法填空及十一选十(1)选词填空改编为十一选十It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on (1)______experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires (2)_______ understanding, clear explanation and concise presentation. Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public (3)_______ and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is (4)_______ and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to (5)_______ scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States (6)_______ nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development, (7)_______ decades of economic growth. By 2008，the figure had fallen into the single (8)_______. This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California (UC), we (9)_______ ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To (10)______ the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.【答案】GBACI DKEJF(2)长篇阅读改编为六选四--part3When it comes to the hyper-connected（超高速连接的）super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy（不安的）about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized（定制的）solutions that companies need to improve their services. (1)____________.Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very（真正的）heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”~or, perhaps more tellingly（更显著地）, “Why do you need to know that?”dogs（长期困扰）the steps of many new ventures（投资项目）. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. (2)____________. And the survey found flat demand（萎靡的需求）for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.(3)____________. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions（联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会）, this year’slist of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary（交通部部长）Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator（联邦航空管理局局长）Michael Huerta, to talk about drones. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility（不兼容性）in the rate at which these are advancing relative to（与...比较起来）the way we，re-digesting it,” he said. “(4)____________. We have to understand and think about the implications（含义）, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”【答案】CDBE（3）仔细阅读改编语法填空Passage OneThe Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year (1)_______(herald) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders,” causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while (2)_______(incur) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders,” who are suffering from the climate change impacts (3)_______ having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of (4)_______ are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker isfortunate enough (5)_______(smoke) in good health.The Pairs agreement (6)_______(hail) widely as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice”(7)_______ be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges (8)_______(submit) by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement (9)_______ we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide (10)_______ they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.【答案】1.heralded 2.incurring 3.despite 4.which 5.to smoke 6.has been hailed 7.can 8.submitted 9.if 10.whetherPassage TwoTeenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors---drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school---(1)_______ alert parents and teachersthat serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors usually (2)_______(not see) as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. “In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling (3)_______ the cracks,” say researcher Vladimir Carli. “(4)_______ most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.”The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was (5)_______(determine) the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated (6)_______ or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk” group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.” The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, (7)_______(compare) with just 4% of the low-risk group.(8)_______ the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,” he says, “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large---nearly one third of our sample---(9)______ is became a key finding of the study.”Carli says that one of (10)_______(significant) things about his study is that itprovides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.【答案】1.can 2.aren’t seen 3.through 4.While 5.to determine 6.none pared 8.But 9.that 10.the most significant。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, theterm is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cyclingaccident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulatemuscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his armusing the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. Butbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40 JFAHG BDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。

E.gapsF.illustratedG. journeysH.parallelI.purposefully J.simpleIn this section, children are introduced to botany and zoology, and to the life cycle. And the circle of life is _______ with the seasons, and the cycle of the seasons is explained. The help of the parent or teacher is much needed in explaining the seasons to young children.Most adults know that the seasons are not determined by the earth's rotation, which _________ causes the daily cycle of light and dark. But_______ in our educational system have left many parents and teachers with a rather unclear understanding of the cycle of the seasons. Surveys show that many Americans think the earth is closer to the sun in summer than in winter. In fact, the earth is farthest away from the sun in our summer and closest in winter, though the difference in distance is of minor importance. It is thetilt(倾斜）of the earth on its axis(轴)(toward the sun in summer and away from the sun in winter) as it ________ around the sun that causes the seasonal ________ of winter and summer. To help children understand the seasons in North America, it will be most useful to use a physical model. Here's a simple suggestion for one.The seasonal relationship between the earth and the sun can be _______to a child by putting a knitting needle through a tennis ball to 'act' as the earth and its axis. On the surface of the tennis ball. The equator(赤道) should be ________ at right angles to the knitting needle. The tennis ball can then be circled around a burning light bulb in a plane(平面) _______ to the floor at the same height as the bulb, keeping the axis at a(n) _______ tilt toward the north. As the ball circles close to the bulb, the dark and light sides of the ball will be clearly seen, and so will the differences in light intensity on different parts of the ball.A.experienceB.advanceC. purposeD.secondaryE. promptlyF.satisfactionG.profitablyH.exactlyI.substitu te J.mentioned K.responseShopping for clothes is not the same _______ for a man as it is for a woman.A man goes shopping because he needs something. His objective is settled and decided in ________. He knows what he wants, and his _______ is to find it and buy it; the price is a __________ consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman _________ produces it , and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes , with hardly any chat and to everyone's __________. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have __________ what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a __________ impolitely; he does so with skill:"i know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you __________." Few men have patience with this treatment,and the usual __________ is:" This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on."E.gapsF.illustratedG. journeysH.parallelI.purposefully J.simpleIn this section, children are introduced to botany and zoology, and to the life cycle. And the circle of life is _______ with the seasons, and the cycle of the seasons is explained. The help of the parent or teacher is much needed in explaining the seasons to young children.Most adults know that the seasons are not determined by the earth's rotation, which _________ causes the daily cycle of light and dark. But_______ in our educational system have left many parents and teachers with a rather unclear understanding of the cycle of the seasons. Surveys show that many Americans think the earth is closer to the sun in summer than in winter. In fact, the earth is farthest away from the sun in our summer and closest in winter, though the difference in distance is of minor importance. It is thetilt(倾斜）of the earth on its axis(轴)(toward the sun in summer and away from the sun in winter) as it ________ around the sun that causes the seasonal ________ of winter and summer. To help children understand the seasons in North America, it will be most useful to use a physical model. Here's a simple suggestion for one.The seasonal relationship between the earth and the sun can be _______to a child by putting a knitting needle through a tennis ball to 'act' as the earth and its axis. On the surface of the tennis ball. The equator(赤道) should be ________ at right angles to the knitting needle. The tennis ball can then be circled around a burning light bulb in a plane(平面) _______ to the floor at the same height as the bulb, keeping the axis at a(n) _______ tilt toward the north. As the ball circles close to the bulb, the dark and light sides of the ball will be clearly seen, and so will the differences in light intensity on different parts of the ball.A.experienceB.advanceC. purposeD.secondaryE. promptlyF.satisfactionG.profitablyH.exactlyI.substitue J.mentioned K.responseShopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His objective is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his purpose is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it , and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes , with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute impolitely; he does so with skill:"i know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned." Few men have patience with this treatment,and the usual response is:" This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on."。

2020届上海高三英语二模汇编 11选102020届宝山区高三二模Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.While I was jumping rope, my phone took a fall to the hardwood floor which created multiple cracks on my screen. However, the music kept 31 , so all as well －or so I thought.Thirty minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was pitch-black. The next morning, I decided not to go to the phone store for 24 hours, I felt a(n) 32 sense of calm that day, which led to my not going for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days without my smartphone.Here are three 33 I noticed and why you may want to consider a smartphone detox (戒除期) yourself:●You'll become boredWhile in line at a Starbucks, I noticed how every individual had their head down, eyes fixed on their smartphone. With nothing to distract myself with during the waiting period, I became bored, and my mind 34 through all sorts of topics.Boredom is 35 something we avoid at all costs. However, boredom is the perfect way to make a(n) 36 on a business idea or project. When you enter a state of boredom, you allow your mind to relax and escape from the realities of today to the infinite 37 of tomorrow.●You'll be able to dramatically reduce your "work" hoursA study found that adults ages 18 to 33 38 their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes.As I learned during my experiment, placing some distance between myself and my device helped me fall into deep work more easily.By not having my smartphone, my distraction time went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found myself 39 what to do with the afternoon since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day.●Your mental well-being will receive a boost (提高)Obviously, without a cellphone, I experienced a lack of 40 news and comments. While that helped cause a dramatic boost in my mental well-being, the biggest reason for it was truly connecting to people.参考答案：FHCAJ DKGBISection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Former World’s Fattest Man Finds LoveHe was once the world’s fattest man weighing in at an incredible 980 pounds and consuming 20,000 calories (卡路里) a day. But it seems that after losing 672 pounds following a surgery, it’s not just Paul Mason’s health that has a more promising (31)_______—his weight loss may have also promoted his love life.Mr. Mason has only known his new girlfriend Rebecca for a month and the pair are yet to meet, but already the 52-year old has (32)_______that Rebecca is the love of his life. The pair met online last month when Rebecca saw a television (33)_______ about Mr. Mason’s extreme fatness—the result of overeating when a previous relationship ended. She was so touched by his situation as to get in touch, keen to help Mr. Mason get the NHS (National Health Service) to pay for a second operation to (34) _______ him of layers of extra skin.Mr. Mason said: “She didn’t really think of anything (35) _______at the beginning. It wasn’t until the second conversation that I realised there was more there than just friends. She felt the same and brought up the idea of us being boyfriend and girlfriend.”Mr. Mason says that he doesn’t go for looks and finds Rebecca’s (36) _______ attitude particularly attractive. “It is her personality, her (37) _______ and passion that has made me fall for her. We share the same ideas and interests and she has made me look at life in a new way. For a long time I couldn’t really see light at the end of the tunnel, but since Rebecca’s been in my life I’ve got a whole new (38) _______of worth and excitement.”Mr. Mason (39) _______ to his incredible size by eating ten times the amount needed by a normal man due to a compulsive eating disorder. As his weight rose sharply he was left unable to stand or walk before finally becoming bed-ridden and being looked after full time by carers.Firefighters had to knock down the front wall of his (40) home so they could use a fork lift truck to lift him out and put him into an ambulance when he needed an operation in 2002.参考答案：FDAEJ IKCGHSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Italians find “Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety”It started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades (小夜曲) and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it (31) ______ from people’s homes, out of windows and from balconies, and resounding across rooftops.Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide (32) ______ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe’s worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain (33) ______ under house arrest as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people (34) ______ in their homes, reflects the spirit, resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people’s souls, it has also demonstrated the (35) ______ of those national characters.In China, patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring (36) ______ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep (37) ______ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country’s empty streets, while social media feeds fill with (38) ______, sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤) from tightly (39) ______ masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title “It will all be OK.”“We’re Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture,” said Giorgio Albertini, 51, an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way “to feel a community, and to have the (40) ______ grief.”参考答案：31-40IBACG FDEKJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedNo one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental -health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half received mindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short-and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in “ approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.参考答案：DHKAF BJCIESection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to work from homeThere are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and (31) ______ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before (32) ______ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it (33) ______ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) (34) ______ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet (35) ______. I make sure that if the wireless internet in my home office fails, I can still connect seamlessly through my smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless attribute a remote employee needs to succeed. Do (36) ______ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure they’re installed and you know how to use them, and make your (37) ______ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set (38) ______ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid (39) ______ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being (40) ______, but it’s important to make activity a habit.参考答案：31-35: CFGAD 36-40:KIBHESection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Giving kids allowances in the smartphone ageAllowances are a constant. No matter how much technology interferes with the parent-child relationship, kids still want money and parents still want to impart (赋予) a basic work ethic. But putting stickers on chore (日常事务) charts and dropping coins in piggy banks don’t cut it with the smartphone generation.Parents in search of more 31 ways to teach children the value of money are turning to allowance-tracking apps, where kids can see their 32 rise and fall in real time.Bonnie Koon, a mother of three in Crawfordville, Fla., used to post a calendar on her refrigerator 33 her kids chores, to the embarrassment of her 16-year-old twins. After seeing a Facebook ad for the app Greenlight, she 34 it.Greenlight links to parents’ bank accounts so that the payout can be seamless. Parents can encourage saving by paying interest on the money that isn’t spent 35 — interest out of the parents’ own pockets, of course.It’s the first taste of 36 freedom for many kids, and it’s set in a relatively safe environment. Parents can determine spending limits and choose the retailers（零售商）where a child can make 37 . If a child attempts to buy something at an unapproved store or to spend more than the limit, the transaction (交易) is 38 and parents get a notification. And if a kid loses the card, parents can immediately cancel it from the app.One of Ms. Koon’s twins, Brenna, works part time at a restaurant. She’s putting half of her pay check into a car-insurance savings fund she set up in the app, with the goal of saving $450 by July. With each 39 , the app gives Brenna a progress update.Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the 40 nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. The real-time look at their accounts makes the concepts of saving and spending more tangible than reviewing a bank statement.参考答案：31- 40: FBIEH GKCDASection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, 31 the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that32 the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly33 with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 34 with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 35 some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained36 among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluey 37 that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to 38 his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp 39 describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 40 . Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.参考答案：BFJCG KAEIH2020届浦东新区高三英语二模be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Today’s political climate and negative headlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population -minds narrowing, borders going up. But with more people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) __31__, connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the __32__ from different cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from __33__, with younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision（碰撞）of two trends - globalization and the experience economy - has __34__ a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy”. The phenomenon is having a powerful impact on people’s interactions and definitions of __35__ exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the __36__ of trade and capital between countries, we shouldn’t forget that the __37__ force behind it all it people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies and the cultural integration（融合）are the more influential social effects of globalization. People are increasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born - more than half of respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has __38__ in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unafford-able housing have created a(n) __39__ in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. Travel is absolutely necessary to most people’s lives - in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down on their daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expensive an experience or a trip, it is still more __40__ than a house.参考答案：31-40 FDEHB ICGJA2020届松江区高三英语二模Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.From the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those __31__ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives (国家档案馆) website. The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency's UFO reports will be __32__ this year on “a dedicated web page.” spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an __33__ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue __34__ documents to the National Archives.”the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.'s __35__ with UFOs began around 1950. urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to __36__ the phenomenon. according to the UK. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 __37__ .“What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or 38 objects. recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomenon in the air be __39__.”Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.KAfter MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO __40__, according to the report. But what they did find-including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies-will be published online within the nest few months. said Nick Pope. a former UFO investigator for the MoD.参考答案：31—35 FAECG 36—40 DIKJH2020届徐汇区高三英语二模Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer wha les,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37act ivity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves(后代) create a strong enough 40for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.参考答案：31-40 FGCHK BDEJA2020届杨浦区高三英语二模Hunting to Farming Is Not Necessarily GoodShifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ________ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.“For a long time, the shift from hunting to farming was assumed to represent progress, allowing people to (33) ________ a laborious and uncertain way of life,” said Dr. Dyble. “But as soon as researchers started working with hunter-gatherers they began (34) ________ this narrative, finding that hunters actually enjoy quite a lot of leisure time. Our data provides some of the clearest (35) ________ for this idea yet.” The researchers followed 359 people from the Agta community (36) ________ how much time they spent on leisure, childcare, domestic chores and out-of-camp work. As well as the overall difference in hours worked, the study also found that women living in the communities most involved in farming had half as much leisure time as those in communities which only hunted. Co-author, Dr. Abigail Page added: “We have to be really careful when (37) ________ from contemporary hunter-gatherers to different societies in pre-history.” But if the first farmers really did work harder than hunters then this begs an important question - why did humans adopt agriculture?Previous studies suggested the adoption of farming grew up to help cope with (38) ________ societies, although other experts claimed that it was agriculture itself that allowed sedentary(定栖的) communities to expand, and once they (39) ________ a certain size, it would have been impossible for groups to return to a hunter-gathering lifestyle, even if they had wanted to. Dr. Page says: “The amount of leisure time that Agta enjoy is evidence to the (40) ________ of the hunter-gatherer way of life. This leisure time also helps to explain how these communities manage to share so many skills and so much knowledge within lifetimes and across generations.”参考答案：31-40 J G D F A I K C E B2020届嘉定区高三英语二模Section Bonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31 wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35 sandal-wearing(穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36 . In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on 37 .According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.参考答案：31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJ2020届嘉定区高三英语二模Section BHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,” said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devices rather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.参考答案：31-35:IGEAJ 36-40：BKHFC2020届青浦区高三英语二模Section B。

2020届上海市高三英语一模汇编02：十一选十-学生版01.黄浦区★★★A.accessB.ariseC.attachmentD.definitelyE.partnerF.potentialG.shape H.stimulated I.subconsciously J.traditional K.unbankedBeyond Mobile Money:The Future of Asia’s FinTechMobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years.But FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact(交易)–the space is much more horizontal,shortcutting how we create, share,and protect value.The latest product of FinTech companies to___31___in Asia Pacific illustrates the many ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet.It is important for all businesspersons to be aware of these trends,as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities for companies to___32___with them.And,on a much deeper level, new FinTechs may___33___consumer expectations in even other tech industries.The Smartphone Emerges as a Credit-Scoring StandardWith close to half a billion___34___consumers in Southeast Asia alone,there is an entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit-worthiness to give them___35___to finance. Unfortunately,since they don’t have bank accounts,such FinTechs cannot rely on___36___financial information or credit card payments.One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smartphone-based credit scoring.It has ___37___broad global support,including from the likes of the World Bank.In one of its reports,the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data was a key to financial___38___,as it could improve customer recording,and,in turn,get an access to credit.AI Combines with the Wisdom of the CrowdThe most common slogan in today’s tech headlines is the“artificial intelligence”.Readers are fascinated with how AI has the___39___to transform every consumer and enterprise(企业)industry.While such focus is appropriate that AI will___40___change the world,it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand-in-hand with its rise:the wisdom of the crowd.A.productionsB.excitementC.exactlyD.soundE.realisticF.assembleG.particularly H.assurances I.performed J.matching K.originalSimba,everyone’s favorite baby lion,returns to movie theaters July19th(in the U.S.).This time around,though,he will be much more31through the magic of CGL(电脑合成影像).The much-loved classic,The Lion King,will open for the25th anniversary of the32movie.The1994film proved to be one of Hollywood’s best-loved vivid movies!It made almost US$970million worldwide.The film went on to win numerous awards for its music and its later stage shows.Simba’s story opened on Broadway in1997,followed by theatrical33around the world.Today,audiences on six continents have seen The Lion King34on stage.Now,more than20years later,it is still one of Broadway’s most popular shows.Great35is building for the new movie.Disney released its first official video clip during Thanksgiving Day football games last year.The trailer(预告片)was viewed more than224million times in the first24hours!The trailer was received very positively,especially because of its realism.Some fans,though,noticed that the clip of the new film was36the same as in the1994opening scene.One Disney executive quickly gave some 37.He said the movie kept the best of the original,while adding in some new elements.One thing that excited many viewers was the38of a very familiar voice.James Earl Jones,with his famous low but strong voice,has returned as Simba’s father Mufasa.Jones is the only one of the original voice actors to return in the new film.Many well-known people provide character voices,including popstar Beyonce and actor Seth Rogan.Director Jon Favreau expressed his excitement over39his all-star cast to such a great story.“It’s a director’s dream to 40a talented team...to bring this classic story to life.”A.drewB.allowedC.resultD.transformedE.physicalF.discoveredG.effort H.figure I.respect J.fundamental K.mutualStephen Hawking:The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of PhysicsThere aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status.Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes31how scientists think about the nature of the wrence Krauss,a theoretical physicistfrom Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking’s,says that at a youngage,Hawking32something“truly remarkable”.Krauss says before Hawking, physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole33everything in and nothing could escape.But by combining quantum mechanics(量子力学)and the theory of relativity,Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity.Krauss says Hawking pointed out a(n)34problem in the way physicists understand our world—a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn’t just a(n)35of his research.Hawking,who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak,was also a popular public36and best-selling author.When he came to scientific conferences,the audience focused their attention on him.And it wasn’t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great37for him.His popular book about his work,A Brief History of Time,was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read,most-bought book ever.This showed Hawking’s sense of humor.That sense of humor,along with his fame,38Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times—as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life,Hawking’s disease left him almost paralyzed(瘫痪的).It took an enormous39 for Hawking to communicate,using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer.It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his40challenges.A.approachingB.temporarilyC.decomposesD.alternativeE.primarilyF.recyclableG.inspiration H.involves I.squeezing J.mined K.emittedIs it possible to make paper without trees?Australian businessmen Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse spent a year researching a possible___31___that could serve as a possible raw material for making paper.Then Garcia read about a Taiwanese company making commercial paper out of stone and a(n)___32___struck.A year later,in July2017,they launched Karst Stone Paper.The company produces paper without using wood or water.Their source is stone waste___33___from construction sites and other industrial waste dumps.“If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made,it___34___chopping trees,adding chemicals,using lots of water and then___35___,drying and flattening it into sheets of paper,”said Garcia.“It contributes to high carbon emission and deforestation.”In2019,Garcia estimates Karst’s paper production has helped save540large timber trees(成材木)from being deforested,83,100liters(21,953gallons)of water from being used and25,500kilograms(56,218pounds)of carbon dioxide from being___36___.“We collect disposed limestone(石灰石)from wherever we can find it,wash it,and grind it into fine powder,”he said.The powder is mixed with a HDPE resin(高密度聚乙烯树脂),which___37___over time from sunlight, leaving only calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)behind.The paper can be as thin as notebook paper or as thick as a cardboard paper and is waterproof,___38___and difficult to tear.The notebooks cost$10to$25.Karst’s products are mainly sold through the company’s website,but are also stocked in100stores,___39___throughout Australia,the United States and the United Kingdom.“Over70% of the customers are US-based,”he said.They hope to have the notebooks in1,000stores by the end of the year.Garcia said they are now thinking about ___40___investors for the first time in order to scale up their operations.They declined to reveal how much the company makes or their annual revenue.A.pleasurableB.alterationC.likelihoodD.fortunatelyE.thickeningF.immediateG.physically H.temporary I.shortness J.normalize K.weakenedHow do Cigarettes Affect the Body?Cigarettes aren’t good for us.But how exactly do cigarettes harm us?Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies,and how we benefit(31)______when we finally give up smoking.Inside the airways and lungs,smoke increases the(32)______of infections as well as long-lasting diseases.It does this by damaging the tiny hair-like tissueswhich keep the airways clean.That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and(33)______of breath.Within about10seconds,the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain,creating the(34) ______sensations which make smoking highly addictive.Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette,at the same time,cause tightness of blood tubes,restricting blood flow.These effects on blood tubes lead to(35)______of blood tube walls,increasing the possibilityof heart attacks and strokes.Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous(36)______in the body’s DNA that make cancers form.In fact,about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking.And it’s not just lung cancer.Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs,as well as damaged eyesight and(37) ______bones.It makes it harder for women to get pregnant.And in men,it can cause long-term damages of body functions.But for those who quit smoking,there’s a huge positive upside with almost(38)______and long-lasting physical benefits.A day after ceasing,heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates(39) ______.Lungs become healthier after about one month,with less coughing.After ten years,the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by50%,probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve.Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression.But fortunately,such effects are usually(40)______.Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free.That’s good news,since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.A.distributedB.absolutelyC.infectionsD.consumeE.harborF.relianceG.potential H.specific I.originate J.respectively K.revealedMicroplastic PollutionIn the past few years,scientists have found microplastics in our soil,tap water,bottled water,beer and even in the air we breathe.And there’s growing concern about the_____31_____health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely_____32_____across all10lakes and rivers sampled.More than1,000small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame,which was_____33_____ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide.Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland,two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a_____34_____kind of plastic,but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5mm in length according to the U.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.They may _____35_____from a variety of sources,including cosmetics,clothing,and industrial processes.Humans are known to_____36_____the tiny plastic particles through food and water,but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined.One study,in Singapore,has found that microplastics can _____37_____harmful microbes(微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than400types of bacteria on275pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches.They included insects that cause gastroenteritis(肠胃炎)and wound _____38_____in humans.“Microplastics are being found_____39_____everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing,”said Christian Dunn at Bangor University,Wales,who led the work.“It’s no use looking back in20years’time and saying:‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think,as a country and a world,how we can be reducing our_____40_____on plastic.”A.emphasizesB.principleC.enormousD.helpingE.energizedF.activeG.increased H.absorbing I.benefits J.analyzed K.temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation,finds new UBC research.The study,published in the journal PLoS One,found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also____31____children’s joy in learning and teachers’enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods____32____information,they need to be allowed to be ____33____and be encouraged to learn by doing,”said Dr.Adele Diamond,the study’s lead author.“Indeed,people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment,Diamond and her colleagues____34____the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind(Tools).The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and351children with different backgrounds in18public schools.Tools was developed in1993by two American researchers.Its basic____35____is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content.The Tools ____36____the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control,selective attention and planning.“Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning.They are often more strongly associated with school readiness(入学准备)than intelligence quotient(IQ),”said Diamond.“This experiment is the first to show ____37____of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more____38____behavior and greater sense of community in Tools te in the school year,Tools teachers reported they still felt____39____and excited about teaching,while teachers in the control group were exhausted.“I have enjoyed seeing the____40____progress my students have made in writing and reading.”said a Tools teacher in Vancouver.“I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning.They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t want to miss school,even if they were sick.”In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi,there’s onemore option for you —a bar that has “pure air”.Delhi’s first-ever oxygen bar —named “OxyPure”—offers 15minutes of 80-90percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299.The bar,___31___in May,also offers its customers several aromas （香味）to choose fromthat can be filled with oxygen.The aromas include lemongrass,cherry,mango and more.Customers are given a lightweight tube,used for supplementary oxygen ____32____.The device is placed near the customer’s nose through which they are advised to breathe in the aroma-filled oxygen.According to the aroma you choose,each session ____33____to improve one’s sleep patterns and digestion,cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for ___34____.“I was passing by and saw that they were offering pure oxygen.I thought I would give it a try and went for the lemongrass flavour.It was ___35____,”Manjul Mehta,a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily.Speaking to Delhi Daily,Bonny Irengbam,senior sales assistant at the bar,said customers were __36__positively after a few sessions.“Some people,who try it for the first time,will feel relaxed and fresh.But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real ____37____of the aroma,”he added.“Though we have regular customers,we don’t encourage back-to-back sessions,as ____38____levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy.It is ___39___to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10-15minute sessions a day,”he said.Dr.Rajesh Chawla,a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side-effects,it does not help in the long run either.“Even if you breathe in the so-called pure oxygen for two hours in a day,you will go back to breathing the polluted air for the rest of the 22hours”,he said.He added that the concept is purely a(n)___40___move.A.benefitsB.refreshingC.promisesD.capitalisticE.increasedunchedG.nationwide H.intake I.advisable J.responding K.depressionA.stringB.containedC.representingD.detailingE.scientificF.currentsG.recovered H.encountered I.estimated J.instructions K.decorationBottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells,sea glass,or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many.Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects.Only the lucky few have___31___a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide.The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past.An early___32___use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island,Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice___33___.While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle,a rolled up paper tied with a___34___fell out.The damp page was a message written in German and dated June12,1886.According to official documents from the German sailing vessels,Paula,a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n)___35___950km off the coast of Western Australia.Further research authenticated（验证）the letter,which had been sent afloat132years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever___36___.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between1864and 1933.And___37___inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship,___38___routes,coordinates, and other information.These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean___39___around the world.On the back of the notes were___40___to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German ing this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.10.长宁、金山区★★★A.achievementB.capturedC.championedD.convenientlyE.distractF.executiveG.manageable H.memorable I.publicizing J.reluctantly K.revealMarketing the MoonAn astronaut,a little hop and a witty quote:Neil Armstrong’s first lunar(月球的)footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind.But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n)31moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR(Public Relations)team.Richard Jurek is a marketing32and co-author of the book Marketing the Moon:The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program.He says NASA’s move to real-time,open communication made the1969Apollo11landing“the first positive viral event that33the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in1958,rockets were the military’s territory;that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days.At first,NASA followed a“fire in the tail”rule,only34a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air.But as the agency evolved,it started announcing more details about the Apollo program.It 35its astronauts,talked openly about mission goals and challenges,and shared launch times so people could watch.“If it had been run like it was under the military,”Jurek says,“we would not have had that sense of drama,that sense of involvement,that sense of wonder,that36.”Instead,all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo11brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak,NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon.Not everyone thought it was a good idea.The technology for live lunar broadcasts,and cameras small enough to keep the cargo37,didn’t exist at that point.Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would38from efforts to achieve the landing itself.But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the39itself.Live TV would bring the American people—and international viewers—along for the ride.Come landing day,which40fell on a Sunday,more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment.“We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,”says David Meerman Scott,marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon.“I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”11.浦东新区★★★A.accustomedB.advancesmandmonE.drainF.minimizeG.precisely H.reduced I.renew J.sustainably K.victimsCriticism of the Fast FashionIn the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was____31____over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so, ____32____in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more____33____.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock,more frequent release, and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that—and to____34____their wardrobe(衣橱)every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have controlled fashion cycles,shaking an industry long____35____to a seasonal pace.The____36____of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that ____37____natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since2008has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be imitated.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to___38___their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers.She exhibits the idealism___39___to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity(虚荣心)is a constant;people will only start shopping more___40___when they can’t afford not to.A.secretlyB.relevantC.agreementD.testedE.devotionF.advancedG.unlock H.revealed I.withdrawal J.separately K.unimaginableFounding Father of China’s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(不扩散核武器条约),only five countries are considered to be“nuclear-weapon states.”China is one of them.This military achievement would have been__31__ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian,a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in1948for further study,and received a doctorate in physics two years later.Just nine days after graduation,the then26-year-old returned to the newly-founded People’s Republic of China with __32__physics knowledge.He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From1958on,Deng spent over20years working__33__with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs.Originally,they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union.Soon after,however,the Soviet government tore up its__34__with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of28members with an average age of23on a mission to__35__the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule(嘲笑)following the__36__of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within20years.Deng said to his colleagues,“It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons.We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime.It is worth the risk of suffering,and it is worth our__37__to this cause.”As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design,Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the__38__foreign language materials.In the meantime,he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in1964,Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb,which was__39__in1967.From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb,China spent only two years and eight months on development.Deng passed away in1986because of cancer.In the last month of his life,the28-year secret experience of this great scientist was__40__,and his reputation began to spread throughout China.In1999,along with22other scientists,he was awarded the special prize of“Two Bombs,One Satellite Meritorious Medal”for his contribution to Chinese military science.A.modernityB.miseryC.insteadD.patentE.limitsF.passionateG.gifted H.outlook I.favored J.blessed K.exhaustingTime:is there ever enough of it?In today’s modern world,most of us are31with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home.But why do we still feel busier?A study by Derek Thompson on the“myth”of being busy suggests that while32brought us convenience,it also brought us new headaches.Consider the idea of FOMO(fear of missing out).Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the33of our time and our ability to use it effectively.While being informed is important,it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times.If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter,turn off the phone and take a mental break.Practice JOMO(joy of missing out),a(n)34on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO.Get rid of feelings of guilt and“shoulds”and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.Another thing technology has35us is the blurring(难以区分)between work and downtime.While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible,it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being“on”is a(n)36state of mind.Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed.Of course,if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck,working long hours has long been a37strategy.But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do,you might just be working yourself into more38.People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion.If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel39about,it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time.Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress.Therefore,your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more,but40to figure out how to want less.。

上海市2021-2022学年高三英语二模十一选十汇编（16区全）2021-2022学年金山区二模Plastic “Food” Endangering TurtlesEndangered green turtles are confusing plastic for food, according to scientists. Sea turtles mostly find their food visually, by 31 the color and shape of an object to work out if it is edible. Some of their favorite foods look like plastic.Emily Duncan, a postdoctoral researcher in marine conservation commented in a statement: “The 32 of this plastic might include things like black trash bags.”Researchers studied 34 turtles who had washed up on the beaches of on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, and found they were 33 to pieces of plastic which looked like sheets or threads, and were black, clear or green. The team were able to look at the gastrointestinal tracts (胃肠道) of 19 turtles. All of them had eaten plastic, 34 from 3 to 183 pieces in total.Smaller turtles had eaten more plastic than bigger animals. That could be because of their naivety. The team concluded that green turtles, 35 younger individuals, who feed in the coastal waters of Cyprus, regularly 36 and eat plastic so much that the vast majority of animals contain some plastic in their gastrointestinal tracts at the time of their death.The findings 37 past studies which show other species of turtle get mixed up between food and waste.The problem doesn’t just affect green turtles. Extremely high 38 of plastic are found in oceans across the world, leading to all sea turtles, at least 36 percent of sea birds, and many fish species being found to have taken in plastic waste.Professor Brendan Godley, who leads the Exeter Marine research strategy at the University of Exeter and co-authored the work, commented: “Research like this helpsus understand what sea turtles are eating, and whether certain kinds of plastic are being 39 mo re than others.”It’s important to know what kinds of plastic might be a particular problem, as well as highlighting issues that can help 40 people to continue to work on reducing overall plastic consumption and pollution.2021-2022学年浦东新区二模Disrupted Schooling Spells Worse Results and Deeper Inequality The first meeting between teachers in Montpelier, Vermont, before the start of the autumn term is usually festive — 31 over breakfast and coffee. This year they had to make do with an online video conference. After a scramble in the spring (to set up online learning, pack lunches for poor pupils who relied on them and 32 computers to those without them), the district plans to let younger pupils return for in-person learning on September 8th. High school will remain partly online because the building is too small to allow enough room in between. The young pupils who can return will need to wear masks, keep their social 33and have temperature checks before entering school buses or buildings. Setting up these protocols took many 60-hour weeks over the summer holidays, says Libby Bonesteel, the superintendent.Of the 50 largest school districts in America, 35 plan to start the coming term entirely 34 . The opportunity to control the virus over the summer has been lost, upending(颠覆) plans for “hybrid” education (part-time in-person instruction). This means more than just child-care35 for parents. The continued disruption to schooling will probably spell permanent learning loss, 36 hurting poorer pupils.“Achievement37 will become great achievement differences,” warns Robin Lake, director of the Centre on Reinventing Public Education, a research group. Analysts at McKinsey, a consultancy, think that the 38 American pupil would suffer 6.8 months of learning loss if in-person instruction does not39 until January 2021 (which looks possible). This would fall heaviest on black pupils, who would lose over ten months’ 40 of instruction, and poor ones, who would fall behind by more than a year. Most likely, there could be 648,000 more high-school dropouts.2021-2022学年青浦区二模New Effort To Clean Up Space Junk Reaches Orbit (轨道)A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris(碎片) was launched Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will 31________ technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for 32________ life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems.The spacecraft works by attempting to -attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the 33________.The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process 34________ over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite’s ability to track down and remove with its target in varying levels of 35________.Space junk has been a growing problem for years as human-made objects such asold satellites and spacecraft parts build up in low Earth orbit until they 36________, deorbit, explode or crash with other objects, breaking into smaller pieces of waste.According to a recent report by NASA, at least 26,000 of the millions of pieces of space junk are orbiting along at 17,500 mph, they could “destroy a satellite on impact”. More than 500,000 pieces are a “mission-ending threat” because of their ability to impact 37________ systems, fuel tanks and spacecraft cabins.The development of other cleanup technologies has been in progress for years. In 2016, Japan’s space agency sent a 700-meter chain into space to try to slow down and 38________ space junk. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a copy satellite.The European Space Agency also plans to send a(n) 39________ robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization’s former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”.These efforts could prove 40________ important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to disorder low Earth orbit with a huge number of satellites.2021-2022学年宝山区二模Embrace the rule of awkward silenceThe rule of awkward silence is simple: When faced with a challenging question, instead of answering, pause and think deeply about how you want to answer. This is no short pause; rather, it involves taking several seconds (10, 20 or longer) to think things through before ____31____ .At Apple, Tim Cook has engaged in the ____32____ for years. Back in 2008, a Fortune article said that in meetings, Cook was "known for long, ____33____ pauses, when all you hear is the sound of his tearing the wrapper of the energy bars he constantly eats."Cook isn't alone in embracing the rule of awkward silence. Steve Jobs once took almost 20 seconds to respond to a personal attack, ____34____ a perfect response.The rule of awkward silence has always been valuable as a tool of emotional intelligence because it allows you to ____35____ thought and emotion instead of simply reacting based on feeling.Why the rule of awkward silence is more valuable than ever.We live in a world that ____36____ instant satisfaction. Emails should be answered on the same day. Text messages should be answered right now. But there's a major problem with all of this immediate communication: It doesn't leave time to think.As in, think ____37____.Critical thinking calls for deep and careful consideration of a subject. It involves weighing and analyzing facts, and careful ____38____. And it results in making insightful connections.None of this is possible without time.And time has become the biggest luxury on the planet.But when you embrace the rule of awkward silence, you steal back time. Time that used to be wasted on ____39____ answers.So, the next time someone asks you a challenging question, or even what seems on the surface to be a simple one, resist the ____40____ to respond with the first thing that comes to mind.Instead, embrace the rule of awkward silence, and think before you speak.2021-2022学年崇明区二模A. vacantB. raisedC. acknowledgesD. quotedE. alertsF. colonialG. housedH. formerI. recommendations J. requests K. reviewsMuseums Rethink What to Do with Their African Art CollectionsRecently, a discussion is happening in museums around the world over the volume of African art in their collections. Officials in Germany and the Netherlands have announced plans to return art and artifacts (j£W) taken from Africa during the 31________ period. And more museum staff are meeting on the topic across Europe.According to the most commonly 32________ figures from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 90% to 95% of sub-Saharan cultural artifacts are 33________ outside Africa. Many were taken by force long ago and ended up in museums across Europe and North America.At the Africa Museum in Belgium, director Guido Gryseels says 85 percent of the museum’s collection comes from the Congo — the site of Belgium’s 34________ colony in Central Africa. For decades, Congolese leaders have asked for these objects to be returned. Most of their 35________ and those by African countries to other museums, have been refused.But recent events in Europe have 36________ the possibility of returns at a much larger scale. In addition to the plans announced in Germany, last year France conducted a study of how much African art French museums are holding and made 37________ about what to do with itThe study recommended the return of a wide range of objects taken by force. The suggestion got mixed 38________ in France, where there are at least 90,000 African items in museums.In France, some people have suggested returns could leave shelves 39________ in French museums. Gdeile Fromont, a French historian of Central African art, says that’s not going to happen. One way of thinking about it, she says, is that more African art can go on display.However, Guido Gryseels of the Africa Museum in Belgium 40________ that attitudes are changing. He says he’s in discussion with the Congo to return works.2021-2022学年奉贤区二模A. outdatedB. polishC. strugglingD. historicallyE. exchangeF. promotionalG. stylizedH. floodsI. witnesses J. interchangeably K. decliningWhy Dutch Officials Want You to Forget the Country of Holland The Dutch nation has long been dealing with its identity crisis. For decades, the government used “Holland” and “the Netherlands” 31________ to describe the country known for its iconic canals, tulip (郁金香) fields and windmills. But starting from Jan. 1, all official government communications and 32________ materials will use the Netherlands as its name.The government has been working on a campaign that might 33________ the country’s image in the face of growing international competition for the past 18 months, said Ingrid de Beer, the head of the public diplomacy section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Our international image faces some challenges,” she said. Research showed that many people do not know of the Netherlands or have 34________ concepts of the country. Young people, particularly those in countries farther away, are unfamiliar with the country.The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, two of which — Noord (North) Holland and Zuid (South) Holland — make up Holland. Amsterdam, which 35________ about 19 million travellers annually, and Keukenhof, one of the world’s largest flower gardens and a popular attraction, are both in the Holland region.The country’s tourism board, 36________ to handle millions of tourists, stopped promoting its most famous attractions in favor of trying to encourage travellers to go to lesser-known destinations, according to a 2019 report. By 2030, the report predicted, the Netherlands could see 37________ of up to 42 million tourists — an enormous number for a country of 17 million.The region of Holland has 38________ contributed the most to the country’s economy and wealth, resulting in its name commonly being used to indicate the entire country.But not anymore, the Dutch government insists. “We are fully aware thatinternationally, a strong image of the Netherlands contributes to achieving political objectives, promoting trade, attracting talent, investment and tourists and encouraging cultural and scientific 39________,” Ms. de Beer said.Part of the campaign includes an updated logo, a “NL” 40________ to look like an orange tulip, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The logo replaces the “Holland tulip,” which was created by the tourism board 25 years ago and used to promote the country.2021-2022学年虹口区二模Will a Robot Really Take Your Job?It is one of the most widely quoted data of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete without it. It has been pointed to as evidence of a(n) __31__ jobs disaster by think-tanks and government agencies. The finding that 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being __32__ by the mid-2030s comes from a paper written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It has since been __33__in more than 4,000 other academic articles. Such misunderstandings reflect the polarized(两极分化的) debate __34__ the nature of automation and the future of jobs.At one extreme are the negativists. They warn of mass technological __35__ just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, has written two best-selling books on the dangers of unemployment caused by automation. He worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic __36__ will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut themselves away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by self-directed military robots and drones.”The __37__ masses will live on a universal basic income.At the positive end of the debate, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. It was several decades before industrialization led to __38__ higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s. While automation is likely to increase__39__in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie.Frey is often __40__ to be in the first camp. His paper simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America were more likely to be affected by automation. It got more attention than they would ever have expected. In part, this is because fear sells, particularly when it is stirred up by a misunderstanding.2021-2022学年黄浦区二模Would you wear a computer under your skin?Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, 31 your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea — you can’t go out and get one — but the technology exists to make it work. “We 32 it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit.Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency 33 tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer.I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size ofa grain of rice and responds to radio 34 with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or 35 tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves…. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your 36 .”Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? Some doctors are 37 about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical 38 are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and 39 . Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more 40 level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?What do you think — would you want a computer under your skin?2021-2022学年嘉定区二模A. leaveB. signalC. briefD. interruptionE. markingF. indicatedG. practiceH. restingI. unified J. struggling K. temporaryWhat Is a Paragraph Break?It is one of the most important punctuation marks. A paragraph break is an indentation(缩进) or a single line space 31________ the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text. Generally, paragraph breaks serve to 32________ the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of dialogue.Few readers would think of the paragraph break as a punctuation mark, but it certainly is. In ancient times there were no paragraphs. Sentences simply flowed into one another without 33________. During medieval (中世纪) times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol [¶] and eventually became the modern-day paragraph break, which is 34________ now only by a line break or indentation.Today, the paragraph break is used to give readers a break. The art of creating paragraphs is called paragraphing, the 35________ of dividing a text into paragraphs. Paragraphing is a kindness to your reader because it divides your thinking into manageable bites. Paragraphs that are too long 36________ readers with dense blocks of text to read through, while more frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient 37________ points at which to take a break and relaunch themselves into thinking.To fully understand when to insert a paragraph break, it’s helpful to know that a paragraph is a group of closely related sentences that develop a central idea. Therefore, each paragraph discusses one 38________ topic. Also, a paragraph break is employed before each new topic is introduced. In this way, the writing will flow, and readers will be able to proceed through the writing in a logical fashion instead of 39________ all the way to get to the last line.Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the development of the Internet, which gives readers access to literally millions of sources of information, paragraphs have become increasingly 40________. The style for many websites, for example, uses paragraphs no more than two to three sentences.2021-2022学年静安区二模As colleges and universities nationwide revealed their admission decisions, news broke of a dramatic decline in acceptance rates—and not just at Ivy League schools. The shift meant that many high school students who pinned all their hopes on particular dream schools might find themselves 31________ with real disappointment.Why were admissions so low these years? It’s a number game. These years, colleges saw the number of applicants soar to record-high levels. But considering32________ budgets, the number of spots colleges could offer had to be 33________. As a result, both state schools and private colleges kept seeing their acceptance rates fall rapidly.It’s not that most students won’t get into colleges at all. Instead, there are more than enough spots nationwide for every qualified applicant to find a place for study. But for many, the school they end up enrolling in may not have been their first, or even third choice. The 34________ strike of rejection, in some cases, could be heartbreaking. These are kids who are used to being the best of the best.But some of the pressure is 35________, without excuses, by students themselves, according to Laurence Steinberg, professor of Psychology. He thinks that Americans fall 36________ to their own addiction to school rankings and fame. Students and their parents have formed strong commitments to particular schools long before admission decisions are made. “When they are rejected, it’s like being rejected by a boyfriend or girlfriend,” Steinberg says. “They 37________ it: What’s the matter with me? What could I have done differently?”That emotional 38________ is often only about what school name students will paste on their parents’ cars but it may also lead to families’ 39________ of what may actually be the suitable school for the students.Actually, painful as the rejection is, in the long run, getting into a high-ranking university doesn’t necessarily mean competitive 40________ in terms of job prospects and earnings. A research shows that many students rejected by highly selective schools earn as much as Ivy League graduates. What really matters is how seriously students take their studies.2021-2022学年闵行区二模Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity 31 to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almostabandoned the 32 of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market 33 , moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy 34 fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to 35 their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer 36 . No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 37 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to38 to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is 39 . Having already achieved great wealth and public 40 , many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.2021-2022学年普陀区二模Spain Looks to Chinese TravelersSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-end market, according to the president of the Spain-China Tourism Association.“It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the all-included (31). They enjoy good food, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Rafael Cascales in a recent (32) with Xinhua.The Spanish business leader described the (33)Chinese tourists as being younger, more international, and perhaps including more women. "They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The(34) large groups of visitors have not disappeared, but this new form of traveling is becoming more important,"he said.Speaking of the (35) pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, the Tourism Association president said, “The money they spend is (36) better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another."In his eyes, “Chinese tourists arc very important because they (37) two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else — almost four times more than tourists from other countries."5They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to (38) with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors in 2017, 700,000 of them from China, anumber which the United Nations World Tourism Organization(39) will rise to about 1 million by 2021."We are ready; we have the infrastructure (基础设施)at every level, (40)in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them," Cascales noted.2021-2022学年松江区二模New York and New TaxAccording to a Manhattan Institute survey, more than half of high-earning New Yorkers are working entirely from home and 44% are considering leaving the city. Ned Lamont, Connecticut’s governor, has said “the old idea of the commuter (通勤者) going into New York City five days a week may be outdated.” It does seem 31________ that the tens of thousands commuting from Mr. Lamont’s state will continue to do so. The region’s governors have 32________ well together to deal with the pandemic (流行病), but the friendliness may soon end over taxes.When people from 33________ states like New Jersey and Connecticut commute to New York to work for a New York-based employer, they must pay New York tax on the related earned income. Even those who work from home must pay New York taxes unless the employee is working outside New York by 34________.Taxpayers and those states are looking closely at this loophole(漏洞). In December, Connecticut and New Jersey applied to the Supreme Court to consider a case which 35________ a state’s authority to tax non-residents’ income while they are working remotely. They think this is definitely a(n) 36________ to the city’s finances. “Firms have considered leaving the city before, and employees are gradually accepting the idea. They have been working remotely for almost ten months and they’ve 37________ to that idea.”Companies are also watching the progression of the Billionaire Mark to Market Tax Act, which would treat capital 38________ from billionaires’ property as taxable income. New York’s Democratic governor said he would reject any laws 39________ heavy taxes on the rich, because it would drive out wealthy, mobile residents. It would not take too many moving trucks for the city to feel the economic loss, says Michael Hendrix. A 5% 40________ of New Yorkers making about $10,000 would result in an annual loss of $933m—roughly the amount distributed to the city’s health department.2021-2022学年徐汇区二模Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to (31) _______ the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers (32) _______ dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized (33) _______ and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will (34) _______ its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans (35) _______.Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry,。

2023 高三二模专题0211 选10上海宝山区高三英语二模Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.An entirely new art form is developing. This art form goes beyond 31 giving viewers one thing to look at. Instead, it surrounds them with images and sounds. This usually takes the form of rooms where music plays and images are 32 onto walls, changing when visitors interact with them. Sometimes pleasant smells are added to draw people in through yet another sense. These rooms are known as immersive (沉浸式的) exhibits because they seek to involve viewers completely.The most famous company 33 immersive exhibits is called teamLab. What this company does is draw on people with a huge range of skill sets: artists, engineers, 34 and even mathematicians. All of these skills are necessary to produce the complex immersive exhibits teamLab is known for. Much of the company's art is based on nature. This is a(n) 35 choice as their goal is to help people feel more connected to the rest of the world. This goal reflects some traditional Asian philosophies, which makes sense because teamLab is a Japanese company. TeamLab's philosophy states that it seeks to transcend (超越) the 36 that people have set up to separate them from other things.Other companies are also developing immersive exhibitions 37 at providing entertainment, education or both. For example, American company Imagine Exhibitions has designed over 40 exhibitions, which combine art, lighting, textures, scents and more. Physical objects are carefully selected and placed throughout the exhibits to add to their realism. The topics of their exhibits 38 from the history of ancient Egypt to nature to TV shows and games such as Angry Birds .Immersive exhibits maybe a new development, but they are 39 by older art forms. Some immersive exhibits are even apparently about the work of artists who worked in other media, such as the painter Vincent van Gogh. Even those who do not reference other artists so clearly are often influenced by older art styles. And many of the immersive exhibits also 40 some form of music.By combining skills and technologies in creative ways, teams are developing new ways for people to experience art. A. architects B. influenced C. merely D. aimed E. projected G. boundaries H. significantly I. contain J. producing F. deliberate K. range31-40 CEJAF GDKBI上海虹口区高三英语二模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. astronomicalB. aweC. enduringD. facilitatedE. generatedF. massiveG. pointingH. primitiveI. representedJ. spiritK. isolationStonehengeStonehenge in southern England ranks the world’s most symbolic archaeological ( 考古的) sites and one of its greatest mysteries. The huge stone circle on Salisbury Plain inspires 31 and fascination—but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built by ancient Britons who left no written record.The monument’s mysterious past has 32 countless tales and theories. According to folklore, Stonehenge was created by Merlin, who magically transported the 33 stones from Ireland, where giants had put them up. Another legend says the armies from Denmark put the stones up, and another theory saysthey were the ruins of a Roman temple.Modern debate over the monument’s meaning has two main camps: those whosee it as a religious site, and others who believe it represents a scientific observatoryand also a kind of 34 computer used for working out dates. Both camps base their theories on the site’s 35 influence. The position of the stones 36 tothe sun and moon is taken as evidence of rituals linked to the changing seasons andthe summer and winter solstices (冬至和夏至).Competing to solve the 37 prehistoric puzzle is Sheffield University’sMike Parker Pearson, co-leader of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, which is partly funded by the National Geographic Society. Discoveries by the project team supported the claim that Stonehenge was a center for religious activities linked bythe River Avon and two ceremonial avenues to a matching wooden circle at nearby Durrington Walls. The two circles with their temporary and permanent structures38 , respectively, the living and the dead, according to Parker Pearson.“Stonehenge isn’t a monument in 39 ,” he says. “It is actually one of a pair—one in stone, one in wood. The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of 40 home tothe ancestors.”31. B 32. E 33. F 34. H 35. A 36. G 37. C 38. I 39. K 40. J上海嘉定区高三英语二模A. conventionalB. tolerableC. layerD. strandedE. pileF. insightfulG. difference H. placed I. hazards J. anchor K. raysInspired by Arctic LifePolar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive infreezing Arctic temperatures. A team of students from the Royal Danish Academy,inspired by polar bears, designed a pop-up igloo (弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tentthat might make survival in sub-zero areas much more 31 .Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design canhelp those lost or 32 in extreme conditions. With littlevisibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe33 while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Ratherthan fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to usethem to its advantage. “Inspired by snow caves and the34 winter-used tents, we treat snow as a buildinga pop-up igloo material rather than a burden,”the team told Vigour Timeswebsite.The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar (聚酯薄膜) material, which works similarly topolar bears’ skin.Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skinunderneath, which is ideal for absorbing 35 from the Arctic sun. In the sameway, the mylar material reflects heat into the area within the tent to keep peoplefeeling comfortable. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like ( 像折纸的)design, which helps to trap the snow and 36 the tent. The origami pocketscreate areas where snow can 37 up on the outside. It prevents heat fromescaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. This adds anotherprotective 38 to everything inside.To check its capabilities and limits, the team put the design through intensivetesting for one month in Alaska. The analysis indicates that an average 37°C39 in temperature between indoors and outdoors could be maintained. In thefuture, the pop-up igloos could be 40 along hiking routes in cold areas like theArctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.31-40 BDIAK JECGH上海金山区高三英语二模A. breakthroughsB. coreC. driverD. empowerE. fullyF. increasinglyG. mounting H. potential I. promoting J. seeks K. servesCompanies Help Integrate (整合) Digital Real Economies Chinese platform companies are doubling down on the most advanced digital technologies to seek new drivers in revenue ( 财政收入) growth, as the country puts greater emphasis on (31) the in-depth integration of the digital and real economies, experts and company executives said.Despite the depressing global outlook and (32) uncertainties, China’s platform economy is playing a(n) (33) vital role in boosting technological innovation and high-quality development.During an earnings conference with investors on Thursday, Zhang Yong, chairman and CEO of Alibaba Group, said that cloud computing is one of the company’s (34) strategies for the future, and Alibaba Cloud is also the foundation through which the company (35)the real economy and drives the integration of the digital and real economies.Noting that this is a critical period for technological (36) and development in cloud computing and AI, Zhang said he believed in the vast (37) of industrial digitalization and the role of cloud computing as the focus of the digital economy.Revenue in the cloud business, Alibaba’s main growth (38) besides e-commerce, reached 20.18 billion yuan during the October-December period, an increase of 3% year-on-year, mainly driven by public cloud growth.The company is making efforts to make use of digital technologies to help small and medium-sized enterprises and speed up industrial transformation (工业转型) in an effort to (39) the real economy.The tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference in mid-December said that platform companies will be supported to “(40)display their capabilities”in encouraging economic growth, job creation and international competition. The conference also emphasized the need to energetically develop the digital economy.31-40 IGFBK AHCDE上海闵行区高三英语二模A. contentB. overextendC. developD. innovateE. pursuedG. surface H. addiction I. emerge J. cloudF. topK. licensedOn TikTok, “Self-care” has 28.2 billion views, while the hashtag (主题标签) can be found on over 66 million Instagram posts. Also, books about self-care often 31 many people’s shopping lists.On the 32 , it makes complete sense. Who wouldn’t like the idea of making oneself feel better and taking care of their mind, body and soul? Yet, we have to be careful not to view self-care as a cure-all solution to our problems. Self-care 33 without awareness of your specific needs and consistent ( 一致的) evaluation can cause emotional, financial, mental and physical consequences.According to Zishan Khan, a psychologist with Mindpath Health, self-care can lead to a person becoming frustrated when met with a sea of suggestions, which 34 everywhere from podcasts to self-help books. “So,don’t allow what others suggest to 35your internal voice,” says Khan. “Self-care can only benefit a person if it’s consistent with their goals and values.”Khan further emphasizes the danger of uncontrolled physically-centered self-care advice, such as from influencers. “Their36 often overly focuses on beauty and improving one’s looks. This can unintentionally lead to body image concern and thu s actually worsen one’s mental health,” she says.Another danger can come when self-care actions reach the level of 37 , says Melissa Boudin, a psychologist of Choosing Therapy. “When you spend a large amount of time thinking about or practicing a certain self-care behavior, this may be that self-care has gone from beneficial to harmful,” she says, using the example of self-care through healthy eating and then going so far as to 38 an eating disorder.Lena Suarez-Angelino, a(n) 39 clinical social worker, has recommended creating a list of activities that make you feel better but don’t 40 you. Worthwhile and beneficial self-care may include anything from time with loved ones to walking. While self-care is important, it should not be overdone.A. abusiveB. bounds G. fantastic H.promises C.descriptionsI. settingsD. dramaticJ. trustE. emergesF.essentiallyK. unusually31. F 32. G 33. E 34. I 35. J 36. A 37. H 38. C 39. K 40. B上海市松江区高三英语二模Are You Scared of AI?A recent Monmouth University survey has found that only 9 percent of Americans believe that computers with artificial intelligence will do more good than harm to society. When the same survey was conducted 35 years ago, about one in five said AI would benefit mankind. In other words, people have less complete 31 in AI now than they did dozens of years ago, when the technology was more science fiction than reality.“It’s 32 that there is public doubt about AI. There absolutely should be,”said Meredith Broussard, an artificial intelligence researcher and professor at New York University. Most Americans 33 agree with Broussard that AI has a place in our lives, but not for everything.When asked questions about 34 in which AI might be used, most people said it was a bad idea to use AI for military aircraft that try to distinguish between enemies and civilians. Some are worried about the 35 use of AI in policing, disturbing people’s privacy. Most respondents said it was a good idea for machines to perform risky jobs such as coal mining.The term “AI” is a catch-all for everything. It can be the constant use of technology, such as our daily preference to autocomplete in web search queries (关键词). It can also be the software that 36 to predict crime before it happens. People afraid of AI may be influenced by 37 of evil computers from books and movies —like Skynet, the super-intelligent machines in “The Terminator” movies. Broussard said the ways AI can end up destroying your quality of life won’t be as 38 as murderous fictional computers.Actually, the fear of AI 39 due to the fact that we just don’t know where AI is going and how soon it will take us to get there. Technology makes surprising and unusual leaps and 40 in ways we never think it will. Anyway, whether we like it or not, artificial intelligence is here to stay.31-40 JGFIA HCDEB上海杨浦区高三英语二模Urban Trees Are Threatened by Climate Change By 2050,about three-quarters of the species will be at risk as a result of climate change, a study has found. Critics around the world may need to start planting different types of trees and shrubs that can(31)warmer and drier conditions.“By 'at risk', we mean these species might be(32) stressful climatic conditions" says Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez at Western Sydney University in Australia. “Those trees are likely to die.”City trees have many benefits, from making urban spaces look beautiful and providing a refuge for wildlife to keeping places up to 12°C cooler than they would otherwise be in summer. Losing tree (33) would lead to cities becoming even hotter as the planet heats up.To(34) the threat, Esperon Rodriguez and his colleagues used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions required by 3100 tree and shrub species currently grown in 164 cities worldwide. The researchers then looked at how these conditions would be affected by climate change under medium-emissions scenario known as RCP6.0.By 2050,76 per cent of these species will be at risk from rising (35) temperatures and 70 percent from decreasing rainfall, the team concludes.The study doesn't take account of(36) urban growth, which could warm cities even faster. Nor does it take account of greater weather (37) caused by climate change, or the effects of pests and diseases. Warmer conditions are allowing more pests, such as bark beetles, to survive winters as well as to reproduce faster in summer, greatly increasing their (38)“Our(39)have scientific basis,” says Esperon-Rodriguez. There are some things that can be done to help trees survive. The best strategy is to choose tough species when(40) trees or planting new ones, the team concludes.A. alternatives G. inconsideratelyB. assessH.potentialC. D.courageous demonstrateI. regulators J. significantE. dynamicK.unreservedlyF.generates31-35 BDJIE 36-40 KCGFA上海长宁区高三英语二模Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Trust in your scientific instincts and never stop moving forward I’ve studied biology, biochemistry, math, and computer science, and received my Ph.D. from Cambridge University. In 2008, when I learned Philip Morris International (PMI) was building a new laboratory to 31 the products that would form part of a smoke-free future, I said, “I’m in.”Seeing the positive results from the first studies looking at the differences between cigarette smoke and aerosol (气溶胶) from our smoke-free nicotine (尼古丁) products was stimulating. There were so many positive findings, and yet we were still in the building phase. What would happen next? We had to tell ourselves to be32 : Don’t worry, just look at the data.Systems toxicology (系统毒理学) is an exciting and 33 field to work in.H o w e v e r , i t34 massive amounts of data, as it combines standard toxicology with new and diverse techniques to help give us a bigger and more detailed picture of how toxic substances affect the body. Working with such giant blocks of data is a challenge for all applications of systems toxicology, not just tobacco harm reduction. This is why we share our data and methods 35 . It is not only in our best interest to 36 openness to the world at large, but it’s also important to engage the global scientific community in order to always be moving the science forward.The 37 public health impact of science-backed smoke-free products is considerable. And while these products are not risk-free and deliver nicotine—which is addictive—the breakthrough is 38 . And I feel an enormous sense of accomplishment with what we’ve achieved so far.Of course, we still have important work to do. We will continue to provide information to 39 , scientists, public health organizations, and policymakers about the potential of smoke-free products. We will continue to share our science. And we will continue working to deliver smoke-free 40 for the world’s adult smokers who don’t quit tobacco and nicotine altogether. But this is a marathon, and we’re in this for the long term.31. B 32. C 33. E 34. F 35. K 36. D 37. H 38. J 39. I 40. A上海市黄浦区高三二模Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. automaticallyB. coexistC. conceptD. discontinuedE. discouragedF. necessarilyG. optimismH. pricedI. profit-generatingJ. promotionalK. trashAround the country, apps that connect customers to businesses with leftover food have begun to spread. The 31 is simple: Restaurants and grocery stores throw away huge amounts of food every day. Rather than 32 it, apps like Too Good To Go and Flashfood help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the environment because the food would otherwise become food waste, a big contributor to climate change.In the United States, customers in 12 cities can look through restaurants and stores on Too Good To Go, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cost about $4 to $6 and contain food t hat would have been 33 at roughly three times that amount.Several food waste experts expressed 34 that these types of apps could help limit the amount of wasted food. And even though charitable organizations often redirect unwanted food from restaurants and grocery stores to food banks and community kitchens, there’s space for all of these kinds of solutions to 35 .One complication is that, according to interviews with several companies selling on Too Good To Go, at least a few items for sale there aren’t36 what buyers might think of as “food waste.” The owner of a Baltimore dessert shop said she considered the app a(n) 37 tool to reach new customers by selling what she called “little samples.” A beer company owner said he used the app to sell 38 products, but also sold new flavors there in hopes of attracting new customers.Mr. Crummie, the Too Good To Go director, said the app 39 this type of behavior. “If somebody is paying $5, they should be receiving $15 worth of food,” he said. “So it’s not a(n) 40 platform.”31-35 CKHGB 36-40 FJDEI上海静安区高三英语二模A. disadvantageB. notablyC. energeticD. insufficientE. alternateF. evolvedG. contributionH. periodicI. withdrawalJ. coexistK. adjustedThe degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called seasonality. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a condition where depressions in fall and winter 31 with non-depression periods in spring and summer, is the most marked form of seasonality.The typical symptoms of 32 winter depression include lowered mood, social 33, increased appetite and weight gain. Mild or no symptoms often occur in spring and summer. It is argued that such pattern of depression occurrence forms an adaptive mechanism which enhances the likelihood of reproductive success, most34for females, among populations living at temperate latitudes( 纬度). Women are more likely to become pregnant in the summer and thus to give birth at a time of year when their babies have a higher chance of survival. Low chance of summer depression also indicates35individuals and promotes healthier pregnancies, which increase the survival chances of both mothers and babies. In the modern era, it is probable that repeated winter depression is becoming a reproductive36.Several lines of evidence also suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the seasonality and SAD. Millions of years of evolution had37human biochemical systems for survival under equatorial(赤道的) environmental conditions. Modern humans began to move out of Africa only about 150,000 years ago. Little change in our ‘equatorial’systems might have been expected over this relatively short evolutionary span. And a genetic defenselessness against seasonal changes in mood and behavior is out of38adaptation to the new living conditions.Today, more studies of SAD and seasonality are receiving considerable attention. Studies on relatives of patients with SAD also suggested a familial 39 to the development of SAD. Researchers are trying to find out whether SAD and seasonality are acquired at birth as a composite entity(实体) or whether the two are separate acquired traits that happen to 40 in certain individuals.31-35 EHIBC 36-40 AKDGJ上海崇明区高三英语二模A. applications B connections C. emotions D.identifyE. interveneF. notificationsG. sacred H. shared I. specialize J. stressed K. technologicalAnimal CommunicationMany pet owners long to talk with their animals. After all, if pets were able to talk, people could take care of them more easily and have closer emotional 31 to them, so a number of companies are working on devices and apps that could translate what animals say.One such app is called MeowTalk. Using voice recognition software, this app recognizes different sounds a cat makes and offers English translations of them. For example, one type of sound might mean “feed me” while another could be translated “let me outside.” The app can use machine learning to assess its translations and improve at recognizing one particular cat’s voice. In other words, it can 32 in understanding your cat in particular. This is important because cats do not all have a(n) 33 language, but individual cats frequently use particular sounds to mean certain things.In the future, MeowTalk could connect to a smart collar that would hear the cat meow and play the translation out loud. Perhaps if the cat is outside and needs to be let in, it could even send34 to the owner’s phone.For dogs, a Japanese company called Inupathy has developed a harness (保护带) with a heart rate monitor and an app. The heart rate monitor is used to assess a dog’s 35 . This is possible because, like humans, dogs’ heart rates go up when they are excited or36 . The harness also has a light that turns red when the dog is excited, but when the dog is relaxed, the light is blue.The most obvious use of this technology is to help pet owners 37 with and provide for their pets better. The more owners know about their pets, the easier it is to meet their needs.There are other 38 of technology that help us understand animals. For example, some sheep farmers are using artificial intelligence to scan and determine if they are in pain, which helps them find out sick animals. As a result, they can 39 more quickly to treat the animal.Anyone who interacts regularly with animals could benefit from understanding their animals better. Thus these 40 developments might transform the way we interact with the creatures around us.A. headingB. incredibly G. recycled H. globalC. adaptableI. calculatedD. alternativeE. pursuitF. dumped J. precisely K. generated31-40 BIHFC JDAEK上海青浦区高三英语二模Planet PlasticHere’s a shocking statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And 31 , almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.So what’s the problem? Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is32 , 12% is burned and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解), once it’s in the ground, it stays there.It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly33 towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are34 into the sea every year. This has 35 concern that plastic is entering the food chain through fish and other sea life which consume the smaller pieces.Of cour se, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and 36 , and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s37 this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.So what’s the38other than using less plastic? Oceanographer ( 海洋学家)Dr.Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a flood of plastic waste, and that the39 waste industry needs to “get its act together”.Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that is at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.Dr. Geyer agrees: “The40 of recycling is to keep material in use and in the cycle forever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled — which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes — only got recycled once.”31-40 BGAFK CJDHE上海浦东新区高三英语二模A. absenceB. doubleC. extendedD. functionsE. fundF. outpacedG. prospects H. record I. shifted J. steady K. upwardJapan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more than 1.5 million births in 1982. Japan also reported a (n) 31 high for post-war deaths last year, at more than 1.58 million. Deaths have 32 births in Japan for more than a decade, posing a growing problem for leaders of the world’s third-largest economy. They now face a ballooning elderly population, along with a shrinking workforce to 33 pensions and health care as demand from the aging population increased.Japan’ population has been in34 decline since its economic boom of the 1980s and stood at 125.5 million in 2021. Its death rate of 1.3 is far below the rate of 2.1 required to maintain a stable population, in the 35 of immigration.The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world ; in 2020, nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were aged 100 or older. These concerning trends resulted in a warning from Prime minister that Japan is “on the edge of not being able to maintain social36 ” and Japan “simply cannot wait any longer” in solving the problem of its low birth rate. A new government agency will be set up to focus on the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the government to 37 its spending on child-related programs.But money alone might not be able to solve the complex problem, with various social factors contributing to the low birth rate. Japan’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Urban couples are also often far from 38 family in other regions, who could help provide support. In 2022, Japan was ranked one of the world’s most expensive places to raise a child. And yet, the country’s economy has slowed down since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly low ages and little 39 mobility.The average real annual household income declined from $50,600 in 1995 to $43, 300 in 2020. Attitude toward marriage and starting families have also 40 in recent years, with more couples putting off both during the pandemic.。