下载文档原格式
Unit 1课文翻译TEXT A1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每次交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法，并以此为基础进行进一步的交流。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
5．相似性的光环严重阻碍了不同文化间的成功交流。
China Is Emerging as a New Growth Engine for the WorldIn the context of deep-going economic globalization, China and Asia are emerging as an economic power house for the world. The expansion of the world economy, on the other hand, is generating fresh opportunities of significance for China and Asia as well. The further development of mutually beneficial cooperation and increased interdependence among various economies, on the other hand, will undoubtedly open up broad vistas for the global economic growth.Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program initiated by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation unprecedented in history. Our overall national strength has enhanced markedly and the people's living standard improved steadily. Carrying forward the glory of their ancient civilization, the l.3 billion Chinese people are creating a new history as they press forward in a concerted effort and a pioneering spirit along the high road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.China has set a goal for the first 20 years of this century which is to firmly seize the major strategic opportunities to build China, in an all-round way, into a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard, which is of great benefit to its more than one billion people. By 2020, China's GDP will have quadrupled from the figure of 2000, amounting to approximately 4 trillion US dollars, with a per-capita level of some 3,000 US dollars. This will result in further developed economy, enhanced democracy, advanced science and education, enriched culture, improved social harmony and an upgraded texture of life for the people.To achieve this goal, we will adopt a scientific approach in the process of guiding the economic and social development. We will stick to the principle of putting the people first, always keeping the fundamental interests of the broad masses at heart, and endeavoring to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs so as to achieve the comprehensive development of man. We will focus on economic development, making development our central task or top priority with a view to achieving a well-rounded progress ——economically, politically and culturally ——in the building of a harmonious society. We will persist in the reform to develop a socialist market economy, furthering the innovation of institutional mechanisms, deepening the reforms aimed at galvanizing creative vitality of society and activating from within the dynamics for economic and social development. We will adhere to our basic policy of opening to the outside world so as to establish a more open market system, enabling the country to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in greater scopes and wider fields and at higher levels. We will follow a new course of industrialization to transform China's economic structures and to promote changes in the mode of economic growth by improving quality and efficiency. We will do a good job of developing a circular economy to build a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society. By so doing we will embark on a path to renewed development characterized by higher productivity, improved livelihood and a sustainable eco-system.China's development and the development of Asia and the world as a whole are closely interrelated. The development of China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and all over the world. China will keep opening up its market step by step. We will try to explore new ways of attracting foreign capital, improve the legal framework for encouraging and protecting foreign investment, streamline the management of businesses with foreign elements, and step up the protection of intellectual property rights. Great efforts will be made to create a more favorable business climate to facilitate economic and trade cooperation outwardly and to make things smooth for the inflow of foreign investment.中国的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量在经济全球化趋势深入发展的条件下，中国及亚洲的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量，世界经济发展也将给中国及亚洲发展带来新的重要机遇。
Unit 1 参考译文Reading 1现代技术的巨大飞跃过去几年里科技实现了巨大飞跃，无线供电和云计算等技术革新已经彻底改变了我们的生活和工作方式。
无线供电是无需架设传输设备实现电能从电源到用电设备的传输。
在遇到不方便架设电线或架设存在危险甚至无法架设的情形时，无线电力传输就有了用武之地。
无线电力传输面临的问题与无线通信（如广播）是不一样的。
无线通信的关键是电量的大小，只有当电量小到无法识别信号时．通信才会出现问题。
而衡量无线供电，效能则更重要。
电厂必须把绝大部分的电输送到用户才能保障其效益。
云计算是指遍布全球各地的数据中心在互联网上提供的应用程序和服务。
“云”喻指互联网无形但又无处不在的特征。
“云”的概念简洁地描述了众多参与在线服务的网络连接和计算机系统。
事实上，很多网络图都使用云形象地代表互联网，意在化繁为简，象征其触角延伸之广泛。
所有互联网用户都可以接人云及其提供的服务。
这些服务通常相互关联，所以用户可以实现不同系统和不同用户间的信息共享。
例如，云计算可提供在线备份服务，社交网络服务以及个人数据服务（如苹果的MobileMe）等。
它还包括如“微软在线服务”(Microsoft Online Services)所提供的这类在线应用。
像冗余备份服务器、镜像网站以及基于互联网的分布式计算机系统（亦称为群集计算机系统）等硬件服务也属于云计算的范例。
Reading 2本土知识全球范围内，人们对本土知识（或乡土知识）的关注有增无减。
然而，就什么是本土知识，却一直众说纷纭。
沃伦( Warren，1991)给出了如下定义可供参考：“本土知识(IK)就是本地知识，即所在地文化或社会所独有的知识；是相对于高校、研究机构和私营企业须遵守的通用国际规则或惯例而言。
本土知识是乡村社区百姓赖以生存的法宝，决定着百姓农业生产、寻医问诊、饮食烹饪、教育教学、资源管理以及其他方方面面的事情。
”（沃伦，1991年）面对全球知识经济的到来，一个国家汇聚知识资本的能力是可持续发展不可或缺的，其必要性不亚于物质资本和金融资本的获取。
Unit 1Main Reading笃行:麻省理工与列奥纳多·达·芬奇（之）精神（一）早上好，欢迎麻省理工学院2012届的各位新同学！同时还要欢迎在你们开始麻省理工人生探险之际，为你们送行的好友和家人！首先让我谈谈我们对各位的感觉：你们决定加入到麻省理工的行列，是我们莫大的荣幸。
一方面，你们为麻省理工带来了你们的个人风采：你们所拥有的智慧、活力、思想和抱负；你们与众不同的人生经历和世界观；你们的语言、文化和信仰；还有你们的想象力和幽默感。
另一方面，除了你们每个人所展现出的才华，你们还一起构成一个整体，代表着人类领悟力历史上辉煌新篇章的开始。
巧合的是，我们相聚在这个具有非凡趣旨的场所，共同开启这一思想进程。
今天上午我们坐在宏大宽敞、绿草如茵的基连广场，“博思沃斯楼”环绕四周。
此地及其周围楼群共同构成了我们校园地理的、象征的中心。
不仅如此，这些大楼还是一座丰碑：它们记载了人类坚忍不拔的求索之力，用一砖一石彰显着人类理解大千世界的历程。
当我们朝着离河最近的楼群望去，就会看见墙上镌刻着的一组名字，他们是科学家、哲学家、数学家、医学家、建筑学、艺术和工程界的巨人。
其中有亚里士多德和阿基米德，牛顿和富兰克林，达尔文和巴斯德。
这些名字见证了人类在通向现代世界的路途中上下求索的重要里程。
这些名字看起来离我们很遥远。
他们都已作古，而且这个名人榜还肯定是不完整的——名单上全是白人、男性和西方人。
有众多理由让人不禁要问：这些智慧的灵魂难道跟我们是谁、我们为什么来到这儿毫无关系吗？答案是：绝对大有关系。
因为他们所有人，都曾翻开人生的新篇章——正如今天的你们一样。
他们痴迷于数学、科学、工程、设计、艺术和哲学——正如今天的你们一样；他们满怀希望、一腔抱负、充满好奇——正如今天的你们一样；所以，即使我们不可能全都成为知识巨人，我们每个人却可以为这座不可思议、令人向往、不断延伸的人类求知的长城垒上自己的一砖一石——正如他们所做过的那样。
什么是伟大的思想？诺基亚公司赞助了各种各样的文教活动，其中最不寻常的一次活动是“未来历史”——一些著名的科幻作家写的系列小说。
为什么一家电信公司会和文学有关联呢？这应该被叫作“研究”。
科学和文学向来就格格不入。
作家把科学家看作是沉闷的家伙，因为科学家喜欢用枯燥的事实来破坏富有想象力的伟大作品。
而科学家把作家看作是浅薄之流，因为他们不尊重事实规律。
他们互相怀疑的关键在于谁掌握真理这个问题。
事情是在它被想象出来的时候，还是在被实实在在地创造出来的时候才成为现实呢？科幻小说正是这两个相互对立的群体聚集在一起、交流想法的领域。
正如它的名字所暗示的，科幻小说是一种预测未来将出现的技术及其对人类社会将产生的影响的文学。
多年来，科幻小说的许多预测都被证明是准确的。
比如说空间旅行、通信卫星、核能、机器人学、克隆技术和移动通信，在它们真正诞生之前都已在书中出现过了。
然而有时作家们也会出错。
比如，从没有人预言到个人电脑的出现。
与来自其它星球的外星人进行接触看来仍然是非常遥远的，尽管在科幻小说中这是一个老生常谈的话题。
多年来，从科幻小说对新技术的预测到技术的真正发明之间的时间跨度已变得越来越短。
从法国作家凡尔纳预测人类登月到人类真正实现登月计划花了近百年。
然而，在20世纪20年代人类首次幻想机器人的出现，在20世纪70年代第一台机器人果然诞生了。
20世纪40年代，阿瑟 C. 克拉克曾预言通信卫星将于2000年前实现绕地球飞行，这项技术的到来比预期早了30年。
英国科学家理查德〃道金斯最近声称，科学发现用一种人类想象所无法企及的方式揭示了自然的美及其复杂性。
然而这并非科幻小说的穷途末路。
科幻小说中所描述的一个个发现，其中许多被用于人类的交流，而同时我们已正处于所谓的“信息时代”。
西方世界超过三分之一以上的人口受雇于信息技术产业。
世界各国的领袖们纷纷呼吁建立“知识型社会”。
而参加这项工作的人却抱怨“信息超载”。
凡此种种，我们真正需要的却是有真知灼见的人。
Lesson 1The Practice and Discipline of Public AdministrationSome Definitions公共行政，像许多人的努力，是很难界定的。
然而，我们有一种感觉它是什么，应该如何进行，虽然我们可能不同意深刻。
在某种程度上，这是因为公共管理涵盖了大量的活动。
公共管理工作的探索外层空间清扫街道。
一些政府公务人员是受过良好教育的专业人士，他们可能会在他们的专业领域的前沿，其他拥有不同的技能，他们从海量的风向标。
一些公共管理政策，在全国范围内的影响，并可能惠及亿万人，其他人几乎没有任何决策和责任进行世俗政府的任务，如文字处理，存档，并保持记录。
公共管理是医生，律师，科学家，工程师，会计师，budgeters，政策分析家，人事人员，管理人员，文员，keyboarders，体力劳动者和个人从事其他职业的主机和功能。
但我们知道公共管理做什么不能解决的问题，界定什么是公共管理。
乍一看，人们可能会倾向于公共管理的定义忽视的问题。
有人指出，前一段时间，任何一个段落或一个句子的公共管理的定义，必然要证明暂时的思维瘫痪*。
这是因为，公共管理作为一类是抽象的，多样的，它只能说是含糊，笼统，无定形的，有些竞争*。
然而，一些关注的定义是很重要的。
首先，有必要建立一般的界限，传达的纪律性和公共管理实践的主要问题。
第二，公共管理的定义可以放置在更广泛的政治，经济和社会背景*领域。
第三，考虑到公共管理的定义表明，有三个不同的领域的基本方法。
多年来学者和从业者强调，这些方法中的一种或另一种的趋势，促进了混乱，因为每个方法往往会强调不同的价值观，不同的组织安排，不同的方法发展信息，并从根本上截然不同的意见的公民个人。
人们可以找到各种各样的公共管理的定义，但下面是其中最严重和最有影响力的努力定义字段。
1。
“公共行政是政府行动的一部分，政府的宗旨和目标实现的手段，*。
”2。
“公共行政领域作为主要的手段实现政治价值观有关。
大学英语1英语课文翻译IntroductionIn this article, we will provide a translation of an English text that is frequently used as a lesson in a college-level English course. The translation aims to accurately convey the meaning of the original text while maintaining readability and coherence.Text Translation原文：The Value of a College EducationA widely debated topic today is whether college education is worth the investment. The rising cost of tuition fees and the increasing number of graduates struggling to find employment have fueled this ongoing discussion. However, despite the challenges, obtaining a college education is still highly valuable for several reasons.First and foremost, a college education provides individuals with expanded knowledge and specialized skills. Through a variety of courses and programs, students develop critical thinking abilities, analytical skills, and a broader understanding of the world. This comprehensive education equips graduates with the tools to navigate and succeed in a competitive job market.In addition, a college degree opens doors to better career opportunities and higher earning potential. Statistics consistently show that those with a college education earn higher salaries compared to those without. Thespecialized knowledge gained through higher education allows individuals to qualify for higher-paying positions and positions in fields that require specific expertise. Furthermore, graduates are more likely to receive benefits such as healthcare and retirement plans, which contribute to their overall financial stability.Moreover, college provides a unique environment for personal growth and development. The college experience exposes students to a diverse range of ideas, cultures, and perspectives. This exposure fosters tolerance, empathy, and open-mindedness - skills that are essential in a globalized society. Additionally, students have the opportunity to engage in extracurricular activities, develop leadership skills, and build a strong network of contacts, which can greatly benefit them in their future endeavors.Lastly, a college education has long-term societal benefits. College graduates tend to be more informed and engaged citizens, actively contributing to their communities. They are more likely to vote, participate in volunteer work, and promote positive change. Moreover, higher education institutions often serve as hubs for research and innovation, leading to advancements in various fields and driving societal progress.In conclusion, while the debate over the value of a college education continues, it is evident that obtaining a college degree remains highly advantageous. The expanded knowledge, specialized skills, improved career prospects, personal growth, and long-term societal benefits make investing in higher education a worthwhile endeavor.翻译：大学教育的价值今天一个被广泛争论的话题是大学教育是否值得投资。
Unit 1Text A 胜过金钱的报酬我14岁时，夏天给人家修剪草坪挣点钱。
记住那些我不能砍掉的花，那些有意插在地里的东西，或丢失在草地里的东西，我开始了解各种各样的人。
我还通过人们所喜欢的支付方式——按工付酬、按月付酬或者干脆什么都不付，对住在肯塔基州路易斯维尔的邻居们有了些了解。
巴卢先生属于最后一种人，而且他总有自己的理由。
有时，他身上只有50元以上的大票子，有时却身无分文，有时，我敲他家门时，他干脆就不在家。
不过，如果不提钱，他倒是一个好老头，老远见到我，他总是挥挥他的帽子或轻抬帽沿跟我打招呼。
我想他可能只有微薄的退休金，或者他曾受过伤而不能干院里的杂活。
我记住不断加上去的总账，不过也不太在乎这笔钱一共有多少，无非是除草而已，而且巴卢先生园子里的草就那么一点，也花不了多少时间去修整。
七月中旬的一个傍晚，我走过他家，他示意我进去。
厅里很阴凉，也挺暗的，足足过了好一会儿我才适应昏暗的光线。
“我还欠你钱呢”巴卢先生开了腔，“不过……”我想还是让他省了找借口的麻烦吧，“没关系的，不用担心。
”。
“银行把我的账目搞错了”，他又说，没有理睬我的话。
“过上一两天，就可以搞清楚了。
同时，我想你也许可以挑上一两本书，权当付首付款吧。
”他向四面墙壁指了指，我看到屋里到处都堆着书，像个图书馆，只是放得太乱了，没有条理。
“慢慢看吧，”巴卢先生用鼓励的口气说。
“看也行，借也行，或者留着。
挑一些你喜欢的。
你平时看些什么书?”“我不知道。
”我确实不知道。
我通常读一些从杂货店平装书架上弄来的书，或是在家里找到的杂志、麦片盒背面印的东西或报上的连环画。
有意识地专门找某一本书，这想法对我来说倒挺新鲜，倒也不无吸引力，所以我就浏览了一遍那一堆堆的书，问道：“这些书你真的都看过？”巴卢先生点点头，“这只是我要收藏的，值得看第二遍的书。
”“那你给我挑吧。
”他扬了扬眉，把脑袋抬了抬，好像要给我量衣服一样从上到下把我打量了一遍。
过了一会儿，他从一堆书中找出一本递给我，封面是深红色的，挺厚的一本书。
第十一章论说文的翻译论说文又叫议论文，一有白话和文言之分，二有书面和口头之别。
当今的翻译工作，主要是处理用现代汉语写成或讲出的政论文，即白话政论文。
本章以此为重点，并简要介绍文言论说文的英译问题。
第一节第一节政论文的翻译一、政论文一般具有如下文体持点：首先，不论是社科论著、文献资料还是报刊社论，用词一般都较规范、严谨、庄重。
其次，政论文逻辑严密，说理性强。
由于政论文旨在解析思想，阐发论点，辩明事理，展开论争，因此内容往往较复杂，句式结构变化多样，作者在陈述自己的观点时总是力求周密、深入，重整体布局，重修辞。
请仔细阅读下文及其英译，注意领会政论文的文体特点。
岁月悠悠，沧桑巨变。
历史是最生动的教材。
法西斯发动的侵略战争给人类带来了浩劫，也教育了世界人民。
世界人民赢得了战争的胜利，赢得了和平与进步。
半个世纪过去了，痛苦的回忆，胜利的喜悦，深深的思考，使人们更加清醒。
历史证明，和平来之不易。
世界大战的悲剧绝不能重演。
必须经常保持高度警惕，不断发展和壮大和平力量，遏制和消除导致战争的一切因素。
历史表明，人民终究是自己命运的主人，是社会前进的推动者。
凡是正义的和进步的事业必然要胜利，这是任何力量也扼杀不了和阻挡不住的。
分析：这段文字选自江泽民主席1995年5月在莫斯科卫国战争纪念馆揭幕式上的讲话。
讲话措辞严谨，层次分明，生动有力。
下面请看译文：As time moves on, everything changes in the world. History is indeed the most vivid textbook. War of aggression launched by fascists has brought scourges to mankind, but also enlightened people throughout the world. People have not only won the war but also achieved peace and progress. Half a century later, the painful memories, joy of victory and soul-searching pondering have made people more sober-minded.History has demonstrated that peace has not come about easily. The tragedy of a world war shall never be allowed to repeat itself. One must always maintain sharp vigilance, develop and strengthen forces for peace and check and eliminate all factors leading to war.History has demonstrated that people are, in the end, masters of their destiny and powerful forces promoting social progress. Anything that is just and progressive is bound to win, and cannot be smothered or stopped by any force.二、政论文的翻译做好政论文的翻译，要多注意以下几点：（1）了解文章的写作意图及写作背景；（2）透彻理解原文，准确把握词义，慎重选词择句；（3）通读原文全文，抓住中心论点，分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉络，理清作者逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法；（4）弄清作者的立场、观点，搞清文章的出发点，力避歪曲事实。
China Is Emerging as a New Growth Engine for the WorldIn the context of deep-going economic globalization, China and Asia are emerging as an economic power house for the world. The expansion of the world economy, on the other hand, is generating fresh opportunities of significance for China and Asia as well. The further development of mutually beneficial cooperation and increased interdependence among various economies, on the other hand, will undoubtedly open up broad vistas for the global economic growth.Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program initiated by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation unprecedented in history. Our overall national strength has enhanced markedly and the people's living standard improved steadily. Carrying forward the glory of their ancient civilization, the l.3 billion Chinese people are creating a new history as they press forward in a concerted effort and a pioneering spirit along the high road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.China has set a goal for the first 20 years of this century which is to firmly seize the major strategic opportunities to build China, in an all-round way, into a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard, which is of great benefit to its more than one billion people. By 2020, China's GDP will have quadrupled from the figure of 2000, amounting to approximately 4 trillion US dollars, with a per-capita level of some 3,000 US dollars. This will result in further developed economy, enhanced democracy, advanced science and education, enriched culture, improved social harmony and an upgraded texture of life for the people.To achieve this goal, we will adopt a scientific approach in the process of guiding the economic and social development. We will stick to the principle of putting the people first, always keeping the fundamental interests of the broad masses at heart, and endeavoring to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs so as to achieve the comprehensive development of man. We will focus on economic development, making development our central task or top priority with a view to achieving a well-rounded progress ——economically, politically and culturally ——in the building of a harmonious society. We will persist in the reform to develop a socialist market economy, furthering the innovation of institutional mechanisms, deepening the reforms aimed at galvanizing creative vitality of society and activating from within the dynamics for economic and social development. We will adhere to our basic policy of opening to the outside world so as to establish a more open market system, enabling the country to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in greater scopes and wider fields and at higher levels. We will follow a new course of industrialization to transform China's economic structures and to promote changes in the mode of economic growth by improving quality and efficiency. We will do a good job of developing a circular economy to build a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society. By so doing we will embark on a path to renewed development characterized by higher productivity, improved livelihood and a sustainable eco-system.China's development and the development of Asia and the world as a whole are closely interrelated. The development of China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and all over the world. China will keep opening up its market step by step. We will try to explore new ways of attracting foreign capital, improve the legal framework for encouraging and protecting foreign investment, streamline the management of businesses with foreign elements, and step up the protection of intellectual property rights. Great efforts will be made to create a more favorable business climate to facilitate economic and trade cooperation outwardly and to make things smooth for the inflow of foreign investment.中国的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量在经济全球化趋势深入发展的条件下，中国及亚洲的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量，世界经济发展也将给中国及亚洲发展带来新的重要机遇。
政论文的翻译——如何翻译政论文一、什么是政论文政论文是一种议论，说理的文章。
这种文章都有一定的政治倾向。
作者针对当时现实中各种重大的政治问题和社会问题，从一定的立场出发，阐明自己的见解和主张；赞成什么，反对什么，是非常鲜明的。
为了使别人接受自己的观点和主张，还常常运用各种积极的修辞手段，以增强感染力。
二、政论文的范围革命领袖有关政治的文章,报告,演说;党政机关,政治团体的宣言,声明;报刊杂志的政治性社论,思想评论,国际时事评论以及编辑部文章等凡是对时政问题进行议论说理的文章,都可以属于政论文的范畴.三、政论文的特点一定的政治倾向讲求确切,严谨,鲜明,富有鼓动性. 句式结构变化多样，重整体布局，重修辞。
修辞特征：兼有科技语体和文艺语体的某些特点,把科学的论证和形象的描绘交织在一起,形成自己独特的风格.在运用语言材料上要求准确性,严密性同生动性,形象性密切结合起来。
科学作品中特有的表达方式,如图表,符号,公式等,在政论文中可以适当地加以运用.文艺作品中常用的比喻,对偶,排比,婉言,反语,设问等修辞方式,政论文中也可以自由运用.四、翻译政论文的要点总体要求：忠实确切地表达原作的思想内容,保持原作的修辞色彩,使译文能起到与原文相同的宣传鼓动作用.1、忠实原作政治思想内容。
必须忠实于作者的政治观点.译者必须忠实地表达出原作者鲜明的政治观点,对原作的立场,所论述的方针,政策不允许有丝毫歪曲篡改,一词一句都必须仔细推敲,认真选择.2、义切词严 ,爱憎分明义切词严是指掌握好政治分寸.注意谴词造句的严谨与否.政论文用词的语义深度,句意或轻或重,反映了作者的立功和态度. 译者在谴词造句时,应在透彻理解原文的基础上，认真揣摩,仔细推敲,该重则重,该轻则轻3、概念同一术语的准确与统一, 直接影响到逻辑关系的严密.一个名词和词组在同一篇文章里或不同的文章里多次使用,如果表示同一个概念,论述同一个事物,那么这个名词或词组的译名要始终保持同一性.4、逻辑严谨通读原文，抓住中心，分析文章的谋篇布局的脉落，理清作者逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法，可以避免翻译时断章取义，造成逻辑错误。
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE6 October 2015This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou （co-winner ），whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year，and about 600，000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated，she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients. In 1969，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts，and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties. From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed itsmedical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria.According to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖2015年10月6日今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者），她的研究导致了青蒿素的发现。
