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1.科技成果转化Commercialization of scientific and technological achievements2.研究机构Research institutes3.制造业Manufacturing industry4.中小企业Small and medium-sized enterprises5.煤基乙醇项目Coal-based ethanol project6.环境友好型技术Environmental-friendly technology 7.煤化工产业Coal chemical industry 8.能源安全Energy security9.消费品工业Consumer goods industry10.核心竞争力Core competitiveness11.附加值Added value12.产业链Industrial chains13.数字经济Digital economy14.发展数字经济自主权Autonomy of developing the digital economy15.数字经济治理体系Governance system of the digital economy16.数字鸿沟Digital divide17.澜沧江——湄公河合作Lancing-Mekong Cooperation (LMC)18.人文交流People-to-people and cultural exchanges19.通关便利化Customs clearance facilitation 20.周边外交Neighborhood diplomacy21.书后忧伤综合证Post-book blues 22.剧后忧伤综合证Post-series blues23.乙醇ethanol24.环境友好型Environment-friendly25.化学品Chemical products26.人工智能Artificial intelligence27.机器学习Machine learning28.复工复产W ork and production resumption 29.采购经理指数Purchasing managers’ index PML 30.无人驾驶汽车Autonomous vehicle31.辞职resign32.处境艰难T o be embattled33.大量部长级官员辞职An avalanche of ministerial resignations34.分裂T o disintegrate35.大批的离去Mass exodus36.不信任投票A no-confidence vote 37.激怒T o infuriate38.无生命体征T o show no sign of life39.攻击者assailant40.暗杀assassination41.救伤直升机A medevac chopper42.长期经济下滑Long-term economic downturn 43.海上自卫队Maritime Self-Defense Force 44.连续在任时间最长的日本首相Japan’s longest-serving prime minister by number of consecutive days in office45.一个中国原则The one-China principle46.与时俱进Keep pace with the times47.综合国力Composite national strength/overall national strength48.不结盟Non-alignment49.单边主义unilateralism50.多边主义multilateralism 51.多级世界Multipolar world52.社区服务Community service53.白手起家Start from scratch54.班门弄斧T each one’s grandma to suck eggs。
贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研笔记列位考研的同窗们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，此刻已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的笔记，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家必然的帮忙。
advance his or her promotion提前晋升adverse factors不利因素4adverse selection逆向选择advisory capacity咨询能力Advisory committees咨询委员会advisory panels咨询小组advisory services咨询服务advocacy powers and capacities主张权利和能力affordability 负担能力★after-sales support售后支持★★after-tax profits税后利润After-tax return税后收入★age cohort年龄层age group年龄组ageing population人口老龄化agglomeration economy集聚经济★★★★贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研笔记2021年考研专业课温习安排及方式问题一：专业课温习的温习进度及内容安排回答一：专业课的温习通常在9月或更早就要开始了，集中温习一般放在11月－12月左右。
在温习的初期主如果对课程的大致内容进行了解，可能要拿出一个月的时间对所有的内容进行一下梳理，最好所有的章节的可能内容都在脑中留有印象，然后再结合历年试题，掌握命题的重点，把考过的知识点和考过几遍都在书上做出标记，把这些作为温习的重点。
接下来的就是熟记阶段，这个阶段可能要持续两个月的时间。
在这段日子里要通过反复的背记来熟练掌握专业课的知识，理清知识脉络。
专业课的辅导班也通常会设在10月初或11月，若是报了补习班，可以趁这个机缘查验一下自己的温习结果，而且进一步增强对知识点的印象。
在面对繁多的温习内容的时候，运用行之有效的温习方式是超级重要的。
对外经济贸易大学翻硕复习资料凯程陈老师总结了历年MTI考试真题中的高频词汇，为大家备考作参考！ AMIS 农业管理信息系统 Agricultural Management Information System BHD 黑鹰坠落 Black Hawk Down(电影名)很不顺利的一天 Bad Hair Day CBRC 中国银监会 China Banking Regulatory Commission DPOB 出生时间和地点 date and place of birth FEM 有限单元法 Finite Element Method MTN 多边贸易谈判 multilateral trade negotiation MSP 信息安全协议 Message Security Protocol NNW 国民福利指数 Net National Welfare PAO 公共事务办公室 Public Affairs Office SAC 中国证券业协会 the Securities Association of China Debenture 债权，公司债权 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Tax agent 税务代理人 International arbitration 国际仲裁 Gross weight 毛重，总重量 Generalized system of preference 普遍优惠制，普惠制 GSP Fixed cost 固定成本，不变成本 Stock listing 股票上市 Random access 随机存取 Profit before tax 税前利润 animated movie 动画片 avant-garde 先锋派，前卫派 Byzantium 拜占庭(古罗马城市，今称伊斯坦布尔) Civilian 平民，百姓 Cubism 立体主义，立体派 Catholicism 天主教 Consumerism 消费主义，用户至上主义 East End Beatles 披头士 Contributor 捐助人 Broadway 百老汇 Autograph 亲笔签名 activated carbon 活性碳 Blue-ray disc 蓝光光盘 government procurement ZF采购 deposit reserve ratio 存款准备金率 insurance company 保险公司 Hypertext 超文本 mortgage/secured loan 按揭/担保贷款 historical materialism 历史唯物主义 Buddhist scriptures 佛经 extensive development 粗放型增长; 包容性增长 inclusive growth get the upper hand 占上风，占优势 sleeping late 睡懒觉 nanotechnology 纳米技术 copyright theft 版权盗窃，版权剽窃 lose one's shirt 丧失全部财产 pull one's leg 开玩笑 all-in-one ticket 通票，一票制车票 Group 20 20国集团 win-win cooperation 双赢合作 paternity test 亲子鉴定 junk email 垃圾邮件opinion poll 民意调查Applied translation studies 应用翻译学 Back translation 回译 Bilateral interpreting 双边传译 Communicative translation 交际翻译 Stylistic translation 文体翻译 Contextual consistency 上下文语境 Corpora 语料库 Covert translation 隐性翻译 Domesticating translation 归化翻译 Foreignizing translation 异化翻译 Free translation 意译 Literal translation 直译 Pragmatic translation 实用翻译 Source text 源文本 intellectual property 知识产权 first-aid treatment 急救 diplomatic etiquette 外交礼仪 House of Representatives 众议院 public relations department 公关部，外联部 public relationship management 公关管理 financial management 财务管理job fair 招聘会。
上外考研翻硕MTI常用词汇必备因地制宜,因时制宜,因事制宜,因人制宜suit our measures to differing conditions in terms of locality, time, issue and persons involved引渡extradite银根money; money market银根紧缩credit squeeze因果报应karma银行存单deposit receipt银行存折bankbook; passbook; bank passbook银行代收费deposit payment at bank银行网点bank outlets银行业监管体系a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector银行汇款单bank money order印花税stamp duty / tax隐患hidden danger引进人才和技术introduction of foreign talents and technologies; import of foreign talents and technologies瘾君子drug addict; drug fanatic; narcotic addict音频点播AOD (audio-on-demand饮食疗法dietotherapy; dietary treatment; food therapy因特网服务提供者Internet service provider (ISP)音像制品audio-visual product (China lodged an appeal on Tuesday over a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel ruling which said its regulations on the import and distribution of books and audio-visual products are not in compliance with world trade rules. 近日世贸组织专家组裁定中国对于出版物和音像制品进口和分销方面的条规和世贸组织规则不相符，周二中国就这一裁决结果提出上诉。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研短语缩略语汇编常见商务名词翻译NEET:Not in Education，Employment or Trainning尼特族，啃老族Unfriend：在Facebooke等社交网站上与某人解除好友关系，删除好友somebody's cup of tea：对某人胃口的东西，使某人感兴趣的东西。
give the floor to:给某人发言权the in-thing:流行事物Arbor Day：美国植树节Infortainment:信息娱乐IATA:国际航空运输协会（International Air Transport Association）NASA:美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）IPR:知识产权(Intellectual Property Rights)UNICEF:联合国儿童基金会United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund）OPEC:石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）bonded warhouse:保税仓库binary theory:二元论HDTV：高清晰度电视（high-definition TV）CPU：中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）CBS：哥伦比亚广播公司（Columbia Broadcasting System）CAD：计算机辅助设计（Computer-Aided Design）UNESCO：联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）GPS：全球定位系统（Global Position System）；.red star over china:《红星照耀中国》（西行漫记）sandstorm：沙尘暴syndrome：综合症market access：市场准入artificial intelligence：人造智能the millennium goals：千年发展目标NPC：全国人民代表大会（the National People's Congress）；UNDP：联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Program）IMP：IMP International Master Program欧洲国家的一种面向国际学位制度IAEA：国际原子能组织（International Atomic Energy Agency）Trade liberalization：贸易自由化national treatment：国民待遇FTI：联邦税款在内federal tax includedMT:平均时间（Mean Time）FBI:联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）；CCTV:闭路电视（Closed Circuit Television）FDI:世界牙科联合会（Federation Dentaire Internationale）Diet of Japan:日本国国会The Tories：英国托利派，王党保守党The Treasury Department of the U.S：美国财政部The State Department in the Washington：美国国务院Balance of Payments.国际收支平衡表；贸易支付差额infrastructure construction:基础设施建设GPRS：通用分组无线业务（General Packet Radio Service）前苏联：former Soviet Union老人节：Aged People’s Day中国十佳宜居城市：The top ten suitable cities to live in of China 晚婚晚育:later marriage and later childbearing论语：The Analects of Confucius红楼梦：A Dream of Red Mansion发热门诊：fever clinics合作医疗办公室：cooperative medical office公共卫生科：public health Section外交庇护:diplomatic asylum温室气体：Green House Gases转基因食品:transgenosis food创业板：GEM（Growth Enterprises Market）board艾滋病毒:AIDS virus应用语言学:applied linguistics国际货币基金组织：International Monetary Fund爵士摇滚：Jazz-Rock入境签证：entry visa美国联邦储备银行:Federal Reserve Bank个体工商户:individual business鸦片战争:Opium War民革:Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang民盟:Chinese Democratic League限价房:capped-price housing信达雅:Faitfulness,Expressiveness and Elegance祸从口入：get ill by the mouth知足常乐:a contented mind is a perpetual feast水火无情：Fire and water have no mercy一蹶不振:cannot recover after a setback摸着石头过河：fly by the seat of one's pants社会保障体系：social security system国计委：改革开放政策：the reform and opening-up policy统筹兼顾:making overall plans and take all factors into consideration 趋利避害:draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages科学发展观:The Scientific Outlook on Development全面建设小康社会:build well-off society in an all-around way中国特色社会主义:Chinese-style socialism两岸关系慈善性:charitable港人治港:Hong Kong people govern Hong Kong全国人民代表大会：National People's Congress(NPC)主席团：Presidium常务委员会：Standing Committee办公厅：General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会：Credentials Committee提案审查委员会：Motions Examination Committee民族委员会：Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会：Law Committee财政经济委员会：Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会：Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会：Education,Science,Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会：Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会：Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会：Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题调查委员会：Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions宪法修改委员会：Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席：President of the People's Republic of China中央军事委员会：Central Military Commission最高人民法院：Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院：Supreme People's Procuratorate国务院：State Council国务院部委：Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外贸中常见的英文缩略词C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重C/D(customs declaration)报关单EA(each)每个，各W(with)具有w/o(without)没有FAC(facsimile)传真IMP(import)进口EXP(export)出口MAX(maximum)最大的、的最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度M或MED(medium)中等，中级的M/V(merchant vessel)商船S.S(steamship)船运MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨DOC(document)文件、的单据INT(international)国际的P/L(packing list)装箱单、的明细表INV(invoice)发票PCT(percent)百分比REF(reference)参考、的查价EMS(express mail special)特快传递STL.(style)式样、的款式、的类型T或LTX或TX(telex)电传RMB(renminbi)人民币S/M(shipping marks)装船标记PR或PRC(price)价格PUR(purchase)购买、的购货S/C(sales contract)销售确认书L/C(letter of credit)信用证B/L(bill of lading)提单FOB(free on board)离岸价CIF(cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价补充：R=credit贷方，债主DR=debt借贷方（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。
第一，对外经贸大学的MTI专业真的很厉害，在北京高校中绝对可以排前几名；第二，我觉得自己对外经贸类的知识有一定基础和偏好；第三，我想把自己所学的知识和英语专业融合在一起；第四，我是北方人，对于大首都北京一直非常非常地向往和憧憬。
综合权衡，我选择报考对外经济贸易大学英语学院，整个过程下来，信念从未动摇过。
关于参考书目：英语翻译基础：三笔、二笔翻译教材及配套练习和真题、政府工作报告、张培基散文选读、12天突破笔译、王恩冕《英汉简明教程》（指定必看）、名校历年考试真题汇编等。
名词解释和缩略语：新祥旭应试宝典（英语翻译基础部分）翻译硕士英语：阅读：专八阅读、FT中文网金融速读、考研英语阅读、贸大真题以及财经类学校真题单选：英文外贸函电（练习册）上海外语教育出版社文体改错：贸大真题、新祥旭应试宝典（翻译硕士英语部分）作文：思图表作文部分、BEC高级真题、BEC图表作文集训、新祥旭应试宝典（写作部分）汉语写作与百科知识：选择：贸大百科考地理、英美俄文学作品、中国近现代文学作品、中国古代史、美学建筑史等。
强力推荐新祥旭应试宝典（百科部分），绝对可以节约收集资料的时间，尤其对于没有学过英美文学的非英语专业同学。
小作文：夏晓鸣的《应用文写作》大作文：百科小黄皮书历年真题，今年的大小作文是2010年原题！政治：1、肖秀荣的全部系列：知识点精讲精练、1000题、考前8套卷、考前4套卷、时政小册子、形势与政策、最后考前点题的大题讲义。
2、教育部考试大纲解析心得就是练好字和保证选择题得分率，尤其是多选题。
大纲解析和知识点精讲精练一定要好好看，并且边看边做题加以巩固。
对于错题，最好要用不同颜色的笔加以特别标注。
因为我只有不到三个月准备时间，暑假又一点也没看，所以每天至少学10小时时间，每天自习不带手机或者关机。
考研的时候一周有7节课，我们只上点名的课（3节），其他的逃掉（其实想想逃课确实不好，最后一学期老师上课很走心，每每讲到名家散文*饱含深情，但是有舍才有得。
很给力gelivable预付费卡Prepaid card铁杆粉丝Die-hard fan职场冷暴力Emotional office abuse熟年离婚Late-life divorce性侵犯Sexual assault吊销执照Revoke license决定性胜利Decisive victory带薪年假Paid annual leave利好因素Feel-good factor工作量Workload肥胖谈话Fat talk新能源示范城New-energy model city滞销蔬菜Unsalable vegetable 杨柳“飞絮”Fluffy catkin抗震鉴定Anti-earthquake evaluation网上祭扫Onlinetomb-sweeping明码标价Prices be marked clearly秘恋Hush-hush affair蜗居pigeonhole沙尘回流Dust backflow睡眠障碍Sleep disorder微小说Hint fiction瘦肉精Lean meat powder恐慌购买Panic buying轮流停电Rolling blackout熟年离婚Late-life divorce核心熔毁Nuclear meltdown恋爱登记Relationship registration创造性思维Out-of-box thinking“零团费”旅游free-of-charge tour通货膨胀Inflation饮水机杂谈Water cooler gossip古董衫Vintage clothing跳板工作Rebound job 纳米假日Nanobreak物联网Internet of things哈租族Hire clan冻雨Freezing rain贸鼠Mall rat分红corporate bonus车牌摇号license-plate lottery圣战Holy war回扣Kickback脑死亡Brain death地价过快上涨Excessivegrowth in land price鼠族mouse tribe软瘾soft addiction血汗工厂sweatshop年终奖annual bonus南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre奥巴马乱Obama-mess房产税property tax谈判筹码bargaining chip车辆购置税vehicle purchasetax城市病urban disease航班延误flight delay世界艾滋病日World AIDSDay整容手术plastic surgery午间危机mid-day crisis联合军演Joint military drill公务用车government car三聚氰胺melamine大满贯grand slam兴奋剂检测dope test房贷跳槽mortgage-hopping通货膨胀inflation住宅限购令house purchaserestriction光棍节Singles Day反式脂肪酸trans fat植入式广告Product placement记者节Journalists' Day惊天八卦striking gossip私生子lovechild减肥药diet pill或slimmingdrug邮包炸弹parcel bomb或mailbomb人口普查员census taker闪婚flash-marry住房补贴housing subsidy明星代言celebrity endorsement创业板Growth EnterpriseMarket维基解密Wikileaks恶意营销smear campaign口水战war of words存款利率deposit rate网络自搜egosurfing草莓族Strawberry Generation碳足迹Carbon footprint网络摸鱼cyberslacking带蛆柑橘maggot-infestedorange野人bigfoot平流雾advection fog婚前协议prenuptial agreement韩国泡菜kimchi网络议价师net bargainer裸婚naked wedding职业倦怠job burnout疯狂看碟Powerdisking票房毒药box office flop钓鱼执法entrapment登革热dengue fever微小青春期mini-puberty或minipuberty裸捐all-out donation伏天dog days。
育明教育官网 北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版翻译硕士MTI 词汇20——体育运动词汇鞍马 pommel horse拔河 tug-of-war靶场 shooting range棒/垒球场 baseball(soft ball)field/ground棒球 baseball爆冷门 to produce an unexpected winner比分领先 to outscore比赛场馆 competition gymnasiums and stadiums比赛地点 competition/sports venue(s)比赛观众 spectator标枪 javelin throw冰场 skating rink; ice rink冰球 puck; rubber冰球场 rink冰球运动 ice hockey冰上运动 ice sports裁判长 chief referee裁判员 referee, umpire残疾人 the handicapped/disabled操场 playground; sports ground; drill ground侧泳 sidestroke称号，绰号 label撑杆跳高 pole jump; polevault承担义务 to undertake obligation冲浪 surfing出名 make one's mark打成平局 to draw/to tie/to play even/to level the score打出水平，打出风格 up to one's best level in skill and style of play。
2017年对外经济贸易大学考研专业课解析Exercise OneMcDonald’’s struggles to rekindle US appetites（673words）McDonaldBy Lindsay Whipp in San Francisco------------------------------------------------------McDonald’s sales and profits sank in the second quarter, underlining the struggle the world’s biggest fast food brand is having rekindling consumers’love for its burgers and fries, particularly at home.Steve Easterbrook,the Chicago-based company’s recently installed chief executive,called the results“disappointing”and told investors on Thursday that operations in the US were working to bring“more discipline back in business[and]react better to trends”.He promised that the third quarter would finally bring a rebound in global comparable sales,and that this rise wouldhappen regardless of the bounce it would receive from a recovery from the Asian supplier scandal last year.Sales tumbled10per cent to$6.5bn,while net income fell13 per cent to$1.2bn,or$1.26a share.The results,however, were in line with analysts’estimates,sending shares0.5per cent lower to$97.09by close of trading in New York.The company said it was also reviewing its dividend policy but declined to give any indication of whether this would be a positive or negative for investors until November as the process was ongoing.The earnings statement highlighted the particular problems McDonald’s is having in its home market,where it will have net restaurant closures for the first time in its60-year history this year.The company blamed about80per cent of the second-quarter decline in operating profit on the US and Japanese markets.Comparable sales in the US fell2per cent and operating income was down6per cent,adding to nearly three years ofdeclines for the market.It blamed the declines on a lack of response to some of its menu features,which have included a“summer break menu”and an“artisan grilled chicken sandwich”,and its promotions.McDonald’s is testing all-day breakfasts and menu simplification to boost the US market,but it faces stiff competition from Taco Bell,the Yum Brand chain,which has seen some significant success in this area.Amid concerns that McDonald’s plans to simplify would be compromised by something as complex as all-day breakfast, Mr Easterbrook emphasised that there would have to be simplifications elsewhere in McDonald’s operations.He said it was important to understand that the improvements the group was making to its core menu—whether better quality beef or tastier salads—were just as important as the locally sourced meals it was developing for the regions,such as a lobster dish in Boston.McDonald’s is also being challenged in the US by new rivals such as Mexican food chain Chipotle and the Shake Shack burger outlets,which have captured the millennial demographic.The group’s struggle to revive its brand and popularity also comes at a particularly difficult time for its international operations as,like other multinational companies,it is hit by adverse currencies,a struggling eurozone amid the Greek debt crisis,and slowing emerging markets.Mr Easterbrook said he was confident of a turnround,however.“I am confident that we will create the transformation necessary for McDonald’s to become a modern,progressive burger company delivering a contemporary restaurant experience,”Mr Easterbook said in a statement,reusing a phrase from his turnround plan announced when he took over earlier this year.That plan left many analysts and investors hungry for more detail.McDonald’s is relying on Mr Easterbrook to bring some of the success that he had in stoking growth in the UK and other European markets to the company’s global operations.The region outperformed others in sales,posting a comparable sales increase of1.2per cent,thanks to demand in the UK and Germany mitigating a difficult quarter in France.However,on an operating basis,income in the region sank by a fifth, reflecting the tricky macroeconomic environment that many multinationals are facing,the euro weakness and some restructuring charges.1.Which of the following regions is mainly blamed by the company for thesecond-quarter decline?B.ChinaC.GermanyD.UK2.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as McDonaldMcDonald’’s competitor?A.Taco BellB.Yum Brand chainC.KFCD.Shake Shack burger outlets3.WhatMcDonald’’s current situation?author’’s attitude towards McDonaldWhat’’s the authorA.ObjectiveB.SubjectiveC.FavorableD.Disappointed4.Which of the following is mentioned by the author as a challenge thatMcDonald is facing in the domestic market?A.Adverse currenciesB.The Greek debt crisispetitors in USD. Slowing emerging marketsExercise Twomarket””（844words）Uber faces the“last1bn person marketBy James Crabtree in Mumbai------------------------------------------------------Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick often describes India as a “global priority market”.Quite how much of a priority only became clear last week,as the car-hailing service unveiled plans to sink an extra$1bn into the country over the next nine months.Depending on the point of view,Mr Kalanick’s gambit is eithera bold move by one of America’s most daring technology companies,or a last-ditch attempt to avoid being left behind by a larger local competitor,a fate his company has already suffered in China.But while Uber is fighting taxi-app wars with a host of rivals across Asia,its battle with Bangalore-based Ola carries special significance,given the huge potential size of India’s still under-developed market.Uber has deep pockets,having raised close to$10bn in equity and debt since its founding five years ago.But Ola is also well-financed,with backing from Russian billionaire Yuri Milner’s DST Global fund,and Japan’s Softbank.Ola is also nearing closing a new$500m funding round at an implied equity valuation for the company of more than$4bn, according to three people familiar with its plans.A further round at an even steeper valuation is likely later this year.“Cash isn’t the issue,”says one Ola investor,who spoke on condition of anonymity.“They[Uber]are putting in$1bn,but we are going to have at least$1bn too.We won’t beoutgunned.”Elsewhere Mr.Kalanick is playing catch-up.Uber says it can hit1m rides a day by next March,up from about200,000today. Ola,by contrast,already claims500,000daily rides—although both companies routinely accuse each other of inflated figures, making the true picture hard to judge.What is clear is that Uber has often struggled since launching in India in2013.Its growth has been rapid,helped along by its willingness to adapt to local conditions,such as allowing customers to pay in cash or adding cheaper autorickshaws to its service.But India’s sheer complexity has often overwhelmed the small teams Uber deploys to launch in new cities.A temporary ban in New Delhi last December following sexual assault allegations caused a particular crisis,forcing it to beef up its management.Uber’s hopes now rest on quicker expansion.Today it operates in18cities,far behind Ola’s100or more.Amit Jain, Uber’s president in India,says this“rigorous”approach has been deliberate,implying that its narrower footprint allowsbetter service.Either way,a spate of city launches are likely.Serving more customers in existing locations such as Mumbai will be just as important,which in turn means finding extra drivers.In mature markets like America,Uber increases supply by persuading people to turn their cars into part-time taxis.In India,where vehicle ownership levels are minuscule,this is unlikely to work.Instead,it must now find,train and retain a vast pool of new drivers,most of whom will not have worked behind the wheel before.Ola says it will grow from150,000drivers today to about1m by2017.Uber,which now has about50,000,needs a similarly dramatic jump.Then there is the thorny issue of profit.Uber’s deep pockets allow it to lure drivers and passengers from rivals via costly incentives,often losing money on each ride.But eventually these sops must be cut back,often causing resentment.“I earned a lot of money in the beginning,but it has gone down drastically now,because they cut back on special bonuspayments,”says one driver in Mumbai who signed up with Uber six months ago,but who asked not to be named.“They have put in too many cars and now there are not enough customers,”he adds.Other problems are likely too,from regulatory delays to protests from anxious old-style cabbies.Yet India’s taxi-app sector is still set for rapid growth.Morgan Stanley analysts says it will be worth$5bn by2020.Ola founder Bhavish Aggarwal talks even more boldly of India becoming the first country to grow rich without mass car ownership—because Indians will use cheap and readily available taxis instead.That may be far-fetched,but it helps to explain why Uber,Ola, and their various investors,are willing to deploy such vast sums to conquer a market that remains far smaller than China’s—and in which the American company at least is by no means assured of victory.“It’s a bit of a war out there,but it will be winner takes all,and India is the last billion person market left,”says Anupam Mittal, a Mumbai-based entrepreneur and early Ola investor.“Andremember this is India,it isn’t Sweden.We have entrepreneurs with knuckles and sharp elbows.They aren’t going to get knocked over easily.”1.How much did Uber plan to sink into the country over the next nine months?A.$10bnB.$500mC.$1bnD.$4bn2.Which of the following is mentioned as OlaOla’’s investor?A.Japan’s SoftbankB.Menlo VenturesC.Fidelity Investment GroupD.Goldman SachsUber’’s battle with Bangalore-based Ola carry special3.Why does Ubersignificance?A.Ola is as well-financed as UberB.Uber is fighting taxi-app wars with a host of rivals including OlaC.India’s still under-developed market holds great potentialD.Ola is the only local competitor in IndiaUber’’s current problem?4.Which of the following is not mentioned as UberA.India’s sheer complexityB.Fund shortageC.Finding extra driversD.Regulatory delays翻译硕士考研复试学习方法复试是大家成功路上的关键一步，在复试前，除了专业知识要扎实外，还需要了解导师信息、复试的大致程序、考察重点，知识所划定的范围，以及复试备考经验的传授。
上外考研翻硕MTI常用科技类单词汇总分享accelerated aging test 加速老化试验acceleration lag 加速滞后acceptance test 验收试验Access Control List (ACL) 访问控制列表access flap 接口盖accessory apparatus 辅助设备access time 存取时间account policies 账号封锁accumulator charge 记账策略accumulator railcar 蓄电池充电accuracy of measurement 电瓶机动车accuracy of reading 测量准确度acidproof 耐酸的acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic signal 音响信号activated substance 激活物质active component 有效部分active load 有效负载administrator account 管理员账号analog computer 模拟计算机ascent/descent stage 上升/下降段batch processing 成批处理binary code 二进制码binary digit 二进制位，二进制数字border gateway 边界网关broadband access 宽频接达buffer storage 缓冲存储器call instruction 呼叫指令card reader 读卡机circuit switched data 电路关键所在数据code division multiple access (CDMA) 码多分址combustion analyzer 压力传感器command line 命令行command module 指令舱commercial online service 商业联机服务com port 串行接口computer-aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计control unit 控制器cyber citizen/netizen 网民cyber city 网络城市cyber crime 网络犯罪data processing 数据处理default route 缺省路由denial of service 拒绝服务dictionary attack 字典式攻击digital business 数字化商业digital control 数字控制digital divide 数字鸿沟directional antenna 定向天线directory replication 目录复制domain name application and registration 申请注册域名earthing transformer 接地变压器elastic collision/control/deformation/scattering 弹性碰撞/控制/变形/散射electric apparatus 电气装置electric control 电力控制emergency oxygen apparatus 应急供氧装置fixed-line penetration 固定电话普及率gaseous pollutant 蒸发排放物gene pool 基因库gene recombination 基因重组genetic code 遗传密码genetic map 遗传图gene transfer 基因转移geostationary/synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星Global Positioning System (GPS) 全球定位系统GPRS: general packet radio service 通用分组无线业务global system for mobile communications (GSM) 全球移动通信系统hacking attacks 黑客攻击headset amplifier 头载式放大器hematopoietic stem cell 造血干细胞high-contrast 高对比度highly-sophisticated technology 高尖端技术human artificial chromosome (HAC) 人工染色体Human Genome Project 人类基因组计划incumbent operator 主导运营商Internet penetration 互联网普及率landing pad 着陆架launch pad 发射台LCD: liquid crystal display 液晶显示life support system 生命维持系统LM-maneuvering rocket 登月舱机动火箭local area network 局域网local network 市内电话网long-distance network 长途电话网long-run incremental cost 长期增量成本lunar module 登月舱management information system 管理信息系统millennium bug 千年虫multipurpose card 多功能卡multistage rocket 多级火箭Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) 乐器数字接口nozzle of the main engine 主发动机喷嘴nuclear reactor 核反应堆optical communication 光通讯packaging service 套餐服务page view 访问量patent application 专利申请pharmaceutical biotechnology 药物生物技术private circuit 专用线路screen saver 屏幕保护service module 服务舱SIM: subscriber identity module 客户身份识别卡site manager 站点管理员smart school 智能学校SMS: short message service 短信服务software development 软件服务space sickness 太空病specification of patent 专利说明书spectrum management 频谱管理state scientific and technological innovation system 国家科技创新体系super-streamlined train 高级流线型列车trunk network 中继局电话网ultrasonic rail detector 超音波钢轨探测器universal service 普遍服务virtual space 虚拟空间voice prompt 语音提示wireless application protocol (WAP) 无线应用协议（即时手机具有上网功能）wireless local area networks (WLANs) 无线局域网zero gravity 零重力When a material is subjected to a tensile or compressive load of sufficient magnitude, it will deform at first elastically and then plastically.当材料受到一定大小的拉伸载荷或压缩载荷时，它首先发生弹性变形，然后发生塑性变形。
MTI常考热词汇总高分低能high scores and low abilities 团购group buying伙食费board expenses伙食补助food allowance热门话题hot topic一般性支出general expenditures固定资产fixed assets货车cargo vehicle交通强国 a country with strong transportation network铁路营运里程mileage of operational railway通过跨桥下方pass under the overpass 312 国道312 National Road压中桥下三辆小车collapse and crush three cars beneath it无人车辆unoccupied car拼车car-pooling超载货车overloaded truck原油期货crude oil futures耕地保护制度farmland protection system国家粮食安全战略national strategies for food security 坚持立足国内保障粮食基本自给的方针abide by the principle of basic foodself-sufficiency based on domestic grain production封锁现场The site was cordoned off.港珠澳大桥Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge跨海大桥cross-sea bridge通车open to traffic粤港澳大湾区Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area通关pass through customs checkpoints 重型起重机heavy-duty crane搜救工作search and rescue work外交优先方向 a diplomatic priority保障和改善民生ensure and improvepeople's wellbeing公租房public rental housing多谋民生之利、多解民生之忧do more to improve the lives and address the concerns of the people补齐短板strengthen areas of weakness 幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶ensuring people's access to childcare, education, employment, medical services,elderly care, housing, and social assistance企业文化corporate culture顾客维系customer retention卖点selling point差异化战略differentiation strategy顾客忠诚度customer loyalty顾客满意度customer satisfaction山体滑坡和泥石流landslides and mudflows21 条河流决堤Embankments of 21 rivers collapsed.被洪水吞没engulfed by floodwater暴雨预警downpour warning台风海贝思Typhoon Hagibis温带气旋an extratropical cyclone微塑料microplastics纳米塑料颗粒nanoplastic particles臭氧空洞ozone hole后代offspring客户服务中心call center售后服务保证书product warranty免费通话号码toll-free number消费者协会consumers' association跨喜马拉雅立体互联互通网络建设the construction of a trans-Himalayan connectivity network和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence世代友好enjoy a long-standing friendship互尊互信的好朋友good f riends sharing mutual respect and trust《联合国宪章》Charter of the United Nations睦邻友好原则principles of good neighborliness休戚与共share weal and woe党和国家机构改革reform of Party and state institutions黑社会性质组织mafia-natured organizations再审conduct a retrial强制侮辱妇女insult women by forcible means故意伤害intentionally inflict injury upon others寻衅滋事create disturbances非法食品添加剂illegal food additives 农药残留pesticide residues假冒伪劣药品fake or substandard medicine监察机关supervisory organs整笔支付lump-sum payment分期付款installment payment资产税tax on capital公司业绩business performance拖欠款项outstanding payment实质性进展substantial progress中美经贸高级别磋商China-U.S. high-level e conomic andt rade consultations；结果符合各方期待This outcome is in line with the expectations of all parties.加征关税impose levies on自由贸易区free trade zone缓解贸易冲突de-escalate tensions生活垃圾管理domestic waste management一次性餐具disposable cutlery环保材料environment-friendly materials表示强烈愤慨和坚决反对express strong indignation on and firm opposition to止暴制乱、恢复秩序、维护法治end violence, restore order and safeguard the rule of law坚定维护自身主权、安全、发展利益defend its sovereignty, security and development interests 罔顾事实，颠倒黑白ignore the facts and confound right with wrong趁火打劫，遏制中国发展，其险恶用心昭然若揭fish in troubled waters and hold back China's development. Such evil intentions have been laid bare.任何外部势力企图分裂中国都是痴心妄想！Any attempt by foreign forces to split China is pipe dream.搬起石头砸自己的脚end up shooting yourselves in the foot大气污染防治行动计划Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution煤改气、煤改电项目coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity projects水污染防治prevent and control water pollution这次庆祝活动充分展示了新中国成立70 年来的辉煌成就，有力彰显了国威军威，极大振奋了民族精神，广泛激发了各方面力量The celebrations had showcased China’s glorious achievements over the past 70 years, demonstrated China’s national and military strength, boosted the morale ofthe Chinese nation and generated momentum across the board.活动能够取得圆满成功，根本在于党中央的坚强领导，在于全党全军全国各族人民的共同努力。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士外经贸常用缩写大集合cu.ft.;cb.ft.cubic foot立方英尺cur.;curt.current(this month)本月cur.currency币制cu.yd.;cb.yd.cubic yard立方码C.W.O.cash with order订货时付款c.w.t.;cwt.hundredweight英担(122磅)CY Container Yard集装箱堆场d.denarii(L),panny or pence便士D/A Document against Acceptance承兑交单d/a days after acceptance承兑后若干天(交款)D.D.;D/D Demand draft即期汇票Delivered at docks码头交货D/d documentary draft跟单汇票Dec.December十二月deld.delivered交付dept.department部;股;处destn.destination目的港;目的地D/f dead freight空舱费drt.draft汇票diam.diameter直径diff.difference差额;差异dis.;disc't discount贴现;折扣;贴现息dis.;Dolls.dollars元Dmge.Damage损坏destn.destination目的港;目的地D/N debit note久款帐单doc.document单据doc.att.document attached附单据;附证件dols.;dolls.dollars元D/P document against payment付款交单doz.dozen打d.p.direct port直达港口d/s;d.s.;days.st.days after sight见票后若干天付款ds.;d's days日dto.;do ditto同上;同前d.t.delivery time交货时间dup.;dupl.;duplte.duplicate誊本;第二份;两份D.W.T.dead weight tonnage载重吨D/Y delivery交付;交货dz.;doz.dozen打ea.each每E.C.Exempli causa(for example)例如E/D Export Declaration出口申报单E.E.errors excepted错误当查;错误当改E.E.C.European Economic Community欧洲共同体e.g.;ex.g.Exempli gratia(L.)=for example例如end.endorsed;endorsement背书encl.;enc.ecnlosure附件E.&O.E.errors and omissions excepted错漏当查;错漏当改E.O.M.end of month月末E.O.S.end of season季末eq.equivalent等值的,等量的e.q.m.equal quantity monthly每月相等的数量Et.seq.Et sequentia(and other things)及以下所棕述的Et.al.Et.alibi(and elsewhere)等等e.t.a.;eta;ETA estimated(expected)time of arrival预计到时间etc.et cetera(L.)=and others等等ETCL;etcl expected time of commencement of loading预计开装时间etd;ETD estimated(expected)time of departure预计离港时间ETDEL expected time of delivery预计交货时间ETFD expected time of finishing discharging预计卸完时间ETFL expected time of finishing loading预计装完时间ex per or out of搭乘ex.excluding除外;example例子;样本Exch.exchange,兑换;汇兑Excl.exclusive or excluding除外ex.int.ex interest无利息exp.export出口Exs.expenses费用Ext.extra特别的;额外的F degree Fahrenheit华氏度数F.A.free alongside(ship)(船)边交货f/a/a;F.A.A.free from all average分损不赔(保险用语)f.a.c.fast as can尽快f.a.q.;E.A.Q.fair average quality大路货;中等品质f.a.s.;F.A.S.free alongside ship船边交货价F.B.freight bill运费单fc franc法郎Fch.frachise免赔率(一般指相对的)FCL Full Container Load整箱货F.C.&.S.free of capture and seizure clause战争险不保条款f.e.for example例如Feb.February二月f.f.a.free from alongside船边交货价f.g.a.;F.G.A.free from general average共同海损不赔f.i.for instance例如;free in船方不负担装船费f.ig.figure数字f.i.o.free in and out船方不负担装卸费fi.o.s.free in,out and stowed船方不负担装卸费及理舱费f.i.o.s.t.free in.lut,stowed and trimmed船方不负担装卸费、理舱费及平舱费f.i.w.free in wagon承运人不负担装入货车费F/O in favor of交付给......,以......为受益人f.o.free out船方不负担卸货费F.O.A.free on aircraft飞机上交货价fo.vo.filio verso=turn the page转下页f.o.r.;F.O.R.free on rail火车上交货价FOS.;f.o.s.free on steamer船上交货价f.o.b.;F.O.B.free on board船上交货价F.O.B.S.free on board stowed包括理舱费在内的船上交货价f.o.c.free of charges免费f.ot.;fot free on truck卡车上交货价F/P fire policy火灾保险单E.P.floating policy总括保险单F.P.A.free from particular average平安险F.;Fr.franc法郎frt.;frit.;fgt.freight运费frt.ppd freight prepaid运费已预付ft.foot英尺ft.-lb.foot-pound英尺磅(功的单位)f.w.d.fresh water damage淡水损失fwd.forward前面;接下页F.X.foreign excharge外汇汇票常用语Bills of exchange,also referred to as bills,are essentially a short term credit instrument that can be used by a company either for financing or investment.Bills can be issued for any term up to a year and are generally issued for periods of less panies issue bills because they are a convenient form of borrowing.The difference between bills and a standard loan is that bills held by the bank can sold to investors.Bills with terms of30days to90days are the easiest to trade? Bills are usually an ideal loan because a company generally will not run into any problems within3to6months.汇票，也叫票据，主要指一种可用作公司筹资或投资的短期信用票据。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题，辅导讲义，考研参考书357英语翻译基础第一部分短语翻译加解释七个选五个翻译加解释E-Cbarries to entrycar poolingspecial drawing rightscurrent accountquotaexport credittertiary industryC-E全面二孩灵猫六国跨太平洋伙伴合作协定一带一路首次公开募股国际收支平衡表投资组合理论第二部分E-C世界银行集团的风险管理C-E第一部分三个古文句子翻译1.百川汇海阔风正好扬帆（后半句不大确定了）2.同心合意，庶几有成3.急人之急，雪中送炭，是中国所推崇的处世之道第二部分，篇章翻译是关于RCEP的，貌似是李克强的一个讲话。
211翻译硕士英语单选20题考的基本上都是词义辨析改错10题不是很难阅读四篇第一篇用机器鸟赶鸽子T/F/NG第二篇关于学习英语的（FT中文网原文）四选一第三篇关于Creation的选headings的题目第四篇关于Uber的文章（没记错的话也是FT中文网的文章）选句子填空写作图表作文给了两个图，第一个是FDI的图，第二个China's trade with Georfia（记不清是不是这个国家了）通过这两个图标分析说明中国在这个地区建立自由贸易区的可行性。
百科福之祸所依是谁说的2015诺贝尔文学奖武汉的意义法国西班牙分界线孙思邈写的书获得普利策奖和诺贝尔文学奖的唯一女作家狄更斯的小说晏殊的昨夜西风凋碧树中东地区矛盾冲突的原因二十四节气育明教育夏老师扣扣2017年英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。
2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京：清华大学出版社，2001。
3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。
MBA专业术语汇总MMacroeconomics宏观经济学The study of economy-wide phenomena,including inflation,unemployment,and economic growthMarginal changes边际变动Small incremental adjustments to a plan of actionMarginal cost边际成本The increase in total cost that arises from an extra unit of productionMarginal product边际产量The increase in output that arises from an additional unit of inputMarginal product of labor劳动的边际产量The increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of laborMarginal rate of substitution边际替代率The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for anotherMarginal revenue边际收益The change in total revenue from an additional unit soldMarginal tax rate边际税率The extra taxes paid on an additional dollar of incomeMarket市场A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or serviceMarket economy市场经济An economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and servicesMarket failure市场失灵A situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficientlyMarket for loanable funds可贷资金市场The market in which those who want to save supply funds and those who want to borrow to invest demand fundsMarket power市场力量The ability of a single economic factor(or small group of factors)to have a substantial influence on market pricesMedium of exchange交换媒介An item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and servicesMenu costs菜单成本The costs of changing pricesMicroeconomics微观经济学The study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in marketsModel of aggregate supply and aggregate demand总需求与总供给模型The model that most economists use to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trendMonetary neutrality货币中性The proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variablesMonetary policy货币政策The setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bankMoney货币The set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other peopleMoney multiplier货币乘数The amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reservesMoney supply货币供给The quantity of money available in the economyMonopolistic competition垄断竞争A market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identicalMonopoly垄断A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutesMultiplier effect乘数效应The additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases income and thereby increases consumer spendingMutual fund共同基金An institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a portfolio of stocks and bondsM1,M2,M3货币供给量的度量measures of the money supply:M1includes currency and checking accounts;M2includes M1plus savings deposits,CDs,and money market funds;M3includes M2plus large-denomination savings deposits and institutional money market mutual fundsmanagerial slack管理松懈the lack of managerial efficiency(for instance,in cutting costs)that occurs when firms are insulated from competitionmarginal costs and benefits边际成本和边际收益costs and benefits that result from choosing a little bit more of one thing and a little bit less of anothermarginal propensity to consume边际消费倾向the amount by which consumption increases when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal propensity to import边际进口倾向the amount by which imports increase when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal propensity to save边际储蓄倾向the amount by which savings increase when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal utility边际效用the extra utility,or enjoyment,a person receives from the consumption of one additional unit of a goomarket clearing市场出清situation that exists when there is neither excess supply nor excess demandmarket failures approach市场失灵论the argument that government may have an economic role to play when markets fail to produce efficient outcomesmarket labor supply curve劳动的市场供给曲线the relationship between the wage paid and the amount of labor willingly supplied,found by adding up the labor supply curves of all individuals in the economymedian voter中间投票人the voter such that half the population have preferences on one side of this voter(for instance,they want higher government expenditures and taxes),while the other half of the population have preferences on the other side of this voter(they want lower taxes and expenditures)merit goods and bads公益品和公害品goods that are determined by the government to be good or bad for people,regardless for whether people desire them for themselves or notmixed economy混合经济an economy that allocates resources through a mixture of public(governmental)and private decision makingmodel模型a set of assumptions and data used by economists to study an aspect of the economy and make predictions about the future or about the consequences of various policy changesModigliani-Miller theorem莫迪利安尼—米勒定理the theorem that says that under a simplified set of conditions,the manner in which a firm finances itself does not mattermonetarists货币主义者economists who emphasize the importance of money in the economy;they tend to believe that an appropriate monetary policy is all the economy needs from the government,and market forces will otherwise solve any macroeconomic problemsmoral hazard败德；道德陷阱principle that says that those who purchase insurance have a reduced incentive to avoid what they are insured againstmultiplier-accelerator model乘数—加速数模型a model that relates business cycles to the internal workings of the economy,showing how changes in investment and output reinforce each other;the central ingredients of the model are the multiplier and the acceleratormultilateral trade多边贸易trade between more than two partiesNNash equilibrium纳什均衡A situation in which economic actors interacting with one another each choose their best strategy given the strategies that all the other actors have chosenNational saving(saving)国民储蓄The total income in the economy that remains after paying for consumption and government purchasesNatural monopoly自然垄断A monopoly that arises because a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a smaller cost than could two or more firmsNatural rate of unemployment自然失业率The normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuatesNatural resources自然资源The inputs into the production of goods and services that are provided by nature,such as land,rivers,and mineral depositsNatural-rate hypothesis自然率假说The claim that unemployment eventually returns to its normal,or natural,rate,regardless of the rate of inflationNet exports净出口The value of a nation's exports minus the value of its imports,also called the trade balance;Spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners(exports)minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents(imports)Net foreign investment国外净投资The purchase of foreign assets by domestic residents minus the purchase of domestic assets by foreignersNominal GDP名义GDPThe production of goods and services valued at current pricesNominal Variables名义变量Variables measured in monetary unitsNominal exchange rate名义汇率The rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of anotherNominal interest rate名义利率The interest rate as usually reported without a correction for the effects of inflationNormal good正常物品A good for which an increase in income raises the quantity demanded;A good for which,other things being equal,an increase in income leads to an increase in quantity demandedNormative statements规范表述Claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should benatural endowments自然禀赋a country's natural resources,like good climate,fertile land,or mineralsnet export function净出口函数a curve that gives the level of net exports at each level of incomenet domestic product(NDP)国内生产净值GDP minus the value of the depreciation of the country's capital goodsnew classical economists新古典经济学家economists who,beginning in the1970;s,built on the tradition of classical economists and believed that by and large,market forces,if left to themselves,would solve the problems of unemployment and recessionsnew growth economists新增长经济学家economists who,beginning in the1980's,sought to understand better the basic forces that led the economy to grow fast at one time and slower at another,or some countries to grow faster than othersnew Keynesian economists新凯恩斯主义经济学家economists who,beginning the1980's,built on the tradition of Keynesian economists and focused attention on unemployment;they sought explanations for the failure of wages and prices to adjust to make labor markets and possibly other markets clearnewly industrialized countries新工业化国家nations that have recently moved from begin quite poor to being middle-income countries;including South Korea,Taiwan,Singapore,and Hong Kongnormative economics规范经济学economics in which the conclusions rest on value judgments as well as facts and theoriesOOligopoly寡头A market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical productsOpen economy开放经济An economy that interacts freely with other economies around the worldOpen-market operations公开市场活动The purchase and sale of United States government bonds by the FedOpportunity cost机会成本Whatever must be given up to obtain some itemOkun's law奥肯定律the observation that as the economy pulls out of a recession,output increases more than proportionately to increases in employmentopportunity sets机会集合a summary of the choices available to individuals,as defined by budget constraints and time constraintsoutput per capita人均产量a nation's output divided by the number of individuals in the countryoutputs产量the outcomes of a production processoverhead costs管理费用the costs a firm must pay just to remain in operation.They do not depend on the scale of productionPPerfect complements完全互补品Two goods with right-angle indifference curvesPerfect substitutes完全替代品Two goods with straight-line indifference curvesPermanent income持久收入A person's normal incomePhillips curve菲利普斯曲线A curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemploymentPhysical capital物质资本The stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and servicesPigovian tax庇古税A tax enacted to correct the effects of a negative externalityPositive statements实证表述Claims that attempt to describe the world as it isPoverty line贫困线An absolute level of income set by the federal government for each family size below which a family is deemed to be in povertyPoverty rate贫困率The percentage of the population whose family income falls below an absolute level called the poverty linePrice ceiling价格上限A legal maximum on the price at which a good can be soldPrice discrimination价格歧视The business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customersPrice elasticity of demand需求价格弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in pricePrice elasticity of supply供给价格弹性A measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in pricePrice floor价格下限A legal minimum on the price at which a good can be soldPrisoners'dilemma囚犯的两难处境A particular'game'between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficialPrivate goods私人物品Goods that are both excludable and rivalPrivate saving私人储蓄The income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumptionProducer price index生产物价指数A measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firmsProducer surplus生产者剩余The amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller's costProduction function生产函数The relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that goodProduction possibilities frontier生产可能性边界A graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given theavailable factors of production and the available production technologyProductivity生产率The amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time;The quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's timeProfit利润Total revenue minus total costProgressive tax累进税A tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a larger fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayersProportional tax比例税A tax for which high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of incomePublic goods公共物品Goods that are neither excludable nor rivalPublic saving公共储蓄The tax revenue that the government has left after paying for its spendingPareto-efficient allocations帕雷托有效配置resource allocations,that cannot make a person better off without making someone else worse offpartial equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析an analysis that focuses on only one or a few markets at a timepartnership合伙制a business owned by two or more individuals,who share the profits and are jointly liable for any lossespatent专利a government decree giving an inventor the exclusive right to produce,use,or sell an inventionpaternalism父爱主义the making of judgments by government about what is good for people to have,rather than letting people choose on their ownpayroll tax工薪税a tax based on payroll(wages)that is used to finance the Social Security and Medicare programsperfect competition完全竞争situation in which each firm is a price taker--it cannot influence the market price;at the market price the firm can sell as much as it wishes,but if it raises its price,it loses all salesperfectly mobile capita具有完全流动性的资本capital that responds quickly to changes in returns in different countriespermanent-income hypothesis永久收入假说the theory that individuals base their current consumption levels on their permanent(long-run average) incomepermanent-income savings motive永久收入储蓄动机people save in good years,to tide them over in bad years;they choose their pattern of savings and spending year by year to average or smooth their consumption over good years and badpiece-rate system计件工资制度a compensation system in which workers are paid specifically for each item producedplanned or unplanned inventories计划或无计划库存planned inventories are those firms choose to have on hand because they make business more efficient; unplanned inventories result when cannot sell what they producepolicy ineffectiveness政策无效性命题the proposition that government policies are ineffective--policies aimed at stimulating aggregate demand at most change the price levelplanned economy计划经济an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the governmentportfolio theories资产组合理论theories that argue that monetary policy affects output through its effect on prices of various assets,in particular the prices of stocksportfolio资产组合an investor's entire collection of assets and liabilitiespotential GDP潜在GDPa measure of what the value of GDP would be if the economy's resources were fully employedpotential output潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed(output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)precautionary savings motive谨慎储蓄动机people save to guard against the chance of an unexpected illness or accidentpredatory pricing掠夺性定价the practice of cutting prices below the marginal costs of production to drive out a new firm(or to deter future entry),at which point prices can be raised againpresent discounted value现期贴现值how much an amount of money to be received in the future is worth right nowprice index价格指数a measure of the level of prices found by comparing the cost of a certain basket of goods in one year with that cost in a base yearprincipal本金the original amount a saver deposits in a bank or a borrower borrowsprincipal-agent problem所有者—代理人问题any situation in which one party(the principal)needs to delegate actions to another party(the agent),and thus wishes to provide the agent with incentives to work hard and make decisions about risk that reflects the interests of the principalprivate marginal cost私人边际成本the marginal cost of production borne by the producer of a good;when there is a negative externality, such as air pollution,private marginal cost is less than social marginal costprivatization私有化the process whereby functions that were formally run by the government are delegated instead to the private sectorproduct differentiation产品差异the fact that similar products(like breakfast cereals or soft drinks)are perceived to differ from one another and thus are imperfect substitutesproduct market产品市场the market in which goods and services are bought and soldproduct-mix efficiency产品组合效应the condition in which the mix of goods produced by the economy reflects the preferences of consumersproduction efficiency生产效率the condition in which firms cannot produce more of some goods without producing less of other goodsproductivity(GDP per hour)生产率/平均每人时的GDPhow much an average worker produces per hour,calculated by dividing real GDP by hours worked in the economyproprietorship独资企业a business owned by a single person,usually a small businessprotectionism保护主义a policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign-made competitionpure profit(monopoly rents)纯利润或垄断租金the profit earned by a monopolist that results from its reducing output and increasing the price from the level at which price equals marginal cost资料来源：育明考研考博官网。
贸大翻硕-2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研参考笔记总结各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
费希特认识到自我是独立自由的主体。
他站在主观唯心主义的立场伸张人的独立自主性；他建立了主观唯心主义的思维(自我)与存在（非我）统一说。
谢林创立了自己的同一哲学。
他认为自然和精神、存在和思维、客体和主体，表面相反，实则同一，是“绝对”发展过程中的不同阶段。
“绝对” “无差别的同一”，是万事万物的根源。
谢林认为自我意识发展的最高阶段是艺术。
黑格尔是集德国唯心主义之大成的哲学家。
他创立了西方哲学史上最庞大的客观唯心主义体系，第一个系统地、自觉地阐述了辩证法的一般运动形式，成为马克思主义以前辩证法高级形态的最大代表。
黑格尔认为，多样性的东西都不是最真实的，只有普遍性、统一性才是最真实的。
统一不是脱离矛盾、对立的抽象统一,而是在内的统一,叫做对立统一。
具体普遍、对立统一是黑格尔全部辩证法的核心。
另一方面，黑格尔是客观唯心主义者，认为最真实的无所不包的整体既是“绝对精神”，又是对立的统一。
黑格尔把“绝对精神”这一最高统一体展开为逻辑、自然、精神三大阶段。
关于人类精神的学问是最高的学问。
黑格尔在唯心主义基础上第一次把人类从感性认识到理性认识的辩证法作了系统的、详细的阐述。
费尔巴哈德国古典哲学的最后一个代表，唯物主义哲学家。
他认为，自然界是唯一实在的；人是肉体与灵魂的统一；思维从存在而来。
建立了形而上学形态的“人本学”唯物主义和以唯物主义为基础的思维与存在同一说。
翻译硕士高校排名第一批:1.北大招生30名，其中推免202.北外英语笔译 60名(学制两年)(好像除了翻译基础和汉语百科，会考俄日法德其中一门二外)3.南开英语口笔译非在职和在职生各招收30名4.复旦英语笔译 30名5.同济英语笔译德语笔译未列招生人数6.上海交大英语笔译未列招生人数7.上外英语笔译35人(下设法律翻译，公/商务笔译，专业编译三个方向)英语口译15人(下设会议口译方向，公/商务口译方向和陪同口译方向)法语口译 5人8.南大英语笔译35人9.厦大英语口笔译各15人10.中南大学英语口笔译未列招生人数11.湖南师范英语口笔译未列招生人数12.中山英语笔译20人英语口译10人13.西南大学英语笔译未列招生人数14.广外英语笔译60人英语口译40人日语笔译20人日语口译10人法语口译10人其中英语翻译硕士复试参考书目991|翻译实务(笔译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研初试经验心得标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研初试经验心得今年英语这科出题难度一般，选择题20分基本都是经贸英语（由于本人是国际贸易专业出身，完全HOLD的住；ps：选择题出题有误！）；病句改错难度很一般；4篇阅读难度一般，虽然第二篇的搭配题有一点点费脑子，分析两遍也能确定答案；作文延续了13年的折线图风格，不过相对来说更容易写，字数规定是300至350，比2013年合理；英语翻译基础是我们考MTI的考生无论如何要极端重视的一科，学弟学妹们复习时，千万要把这一科当作重中之重（~我这不废话吗）！首先是30分的词语英汉互译和缩略词，每一部分都有考过的题，真题固然重要，复习时必须拿过来从头到尾背个无数遍！去年考到counter trade，我没写出来，让我耿耿于怀，今年又考counter trade！（对销贸易），有点造化弄人轮回千百的感慨~；英译汉部分，讲发达经济体和新兴市场经济体当下面临的政策挑战，分三小段，长度适中（2013年的长度让我当场慌了神），难度偏易，在个别专业词语上有难度，比如那个新兴经济体要避免“cleaning”，我就不会，结果翻成了“出清”（我自己都不知道“出清”是什么意思）；汉译英部分，材料给的是中国和意大利之间通过“丝绸之路（the Silk Road）”的联系，要翻译郎世宁、利玛窦等的人名，还有威尼斯和喀斯特地貌，这些个词真心不会翻——平时根本不会准备非经贸类的词汇，这是今年对外经济贸易大学翻译这科最大的变化，不过文章整体上属于非常简单的文体，适于自由发挥（2013年汉译英考政府工作报告那种类型的文章，去年没复习，考的时候太纠结，还好今年没考这种束缚考生翻译水平的文体）。
今年汉译英中“桂林山水甲天下”和“上有天堂下有苏杭”两个谚语（或习语）我分别处理成“the mountains and rivers of Guilin top the whole world”和“Suzhou and Hangzhou are the heavens on the earth”,当是只能这么对付着按意思来翻译；百科和写作，百科复习完全就是投入大产出小，靠的就是运气和知识积累，这种知识积累太缥缈，虽然我去年没复习好，这科也考了120不高不低的分，但今年还是重点地整理了笔记（涉及：《西方文化史》、《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》、《英美文学和概况》），归纳了应用文的十几种类型并搜罗了一众范文；虽然2013年没考《西方文化史》这本书的内容，4号晚我也在努力背我自己总结的《西方文化史》笔记，随便看了看各种文体的格式；可一开考立刻傻眼了~选择题出的真是太“高中”水平了，问你，欧洲最高的峰，最长的河，跨经线最多的大洋，这种地理知识在我平时复习时根本不做重点~（还好本人有点基础）；不过，虽然出了10道以上的“非文史类”题，但剩下的题目完全都是可以复习到的；西班牙戏剧之父是哪位（维嘉）等都在我自己总结的资料中有体现；10分的名词解释给了9个词语，有联合国、货物贸易、服务贸易等，自选4个，每个2.5分，反正平时没准备，也没法准备，就直接下定义，找特点，挣个辛苦分吧；小作文450字以上写贷款申请，大作文800字以上属于命题作文，只要正常发挥，注意格式和卷面整洁，给分还是很正常的。
MTI考试中整理出来的名词翻译Cancun conference2010:2010年坎昆会议Bogor Goals:茂物宣言3R economy:3R经济(Reduce,recycle,reuse)Reforestation:重新造林UN security council：联合国安理会千年发展计划：MDGS（Millennium Development Goals）雷曼兄弟：Lehman Brothers国家一二五计划：The State Plan上海合作组织：SCO（ShangHai Cooperation Organization）美联储：The Federal ReserveG20：20国集团Confucius：孔子Gaza Strip：加沙地带quantitative easing：量化宽松货币政策WTO：世界贸易组织循环经济：Circular economy天人合一：Theory that man is an integral part of nature国富论：The Wealth of Nation货币战争：Currency War朝核危机：North Korea Nuclear CrisisThe UK coalition government：英国联合政府靖国神社：Yasukuni Shrine钓鱼岛：Diaoyu Island《日美安保条约》：Japan-us security treaty人民币汇率政策：Exchange rate of RMB Policy金砖四国：BRIC居民消费价格指数：CPI存款储备金率：Deposit reserve ratio同比：year to year上证综合指数：Shanghai composite index环保低碳生活新理念：Environmental protection lowcarbon life new idea 金靴奖：Golden Shoe世界足联：FIFA辛亥革命：The Revolution of1911国台办：State Council Taiwan Affairs Office of cross-strait君主专制制度：Autocratic monarchy杜尚别：dushanbeOEM：原始设备制造商Air France：法国航空公司America Stock Exchange：美国证券交易所United Nation Peacekeeping Forces：联合国维和部队宏观调控：macro-control公共卫生体系：The public health system综合国力：Comprehensive national strength商业贿赂：Commercial bribery平等互利：Equality and mutual benefit出口退税：export rebates自主创新：self-dependent innovation生态环境保护：Ecological environment protection西部大开发：west development私营经济：the private sector海基会：StraitsExchange Foundation上海公报：ShanghaiCommunique儒林外史：TheScholars国际先驱论坛报：InternationalHerald Tribune海关总署：CustomsBureauAssociate press：美联社A Midsummer Night’s Dream：仲夏夜之梦Inverse translation：逆向翻译不可抗力：force majeure实体经济：substantial economy廉租房：low-rent housing第三产业：tertiary industryGNP：国民生产总值UNCF：联合国儿童基金会linguafranca：通用语，混合语poly systemtheory：多元系统理论Intersemiotictranslation：符号翻译转变政府职能：transform the government functions民族先知：National prophets生态补偿机制：a mechanism for ecological compensation 虚拟经济：fictitious economyUNEP：联合国环境规划署Cockney：伦敦腔聘礼：betrothal presents针灸：acupuncture and moxibustion双面绣：double-faced embroidery重症监护病房：ICU学龄前儿童：preschoolers国有企业：state-owned business半导体：semiconductorThe NewYork Review of Books：纽约书评Spinster：老处女Defendant：被告lump-sum contract：工程总承包合同economic giant：经济大国保税工厂：tariff factory美食家：gourmet道家：TaoismGMT：格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）GATT：关税暨贸易总协定（General Agreement onTariffs and Trade）不良贷款：NPL(non-performing loan)CAAC：中国民用航空总局（General Administration ofCivil Aviation of China）；CPPCC：中国人民政治协商会议（Chinese People'sPolitical Consultative Conference）purchasingpower parity：购买力平价伪娘：cross-dresser第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议：11th National People's Congress third meeting传销：pyramid sellingcurrencyappreciation：货币升值thebook of songs：诗经thedivine comedy：神曲术语：terminologymigrant rural labors：农村劳动力流动weapons of massive destruction：大规模杀伤性武器brain drain：人才流失育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择遵循原则随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。
今天，就为想要报考翻译硕士的同学解析一下翻译硕士的择校问题。
翻译专业硕士专业招生院校截止今年一共有158所学校，这么多的学校我们应该如何选择那?我们认为有以下三个原则，内心召唤;客观衡量自己的实力;综合考察学校的实力。
第一个原则是听从自己内心的召唤：就是在报考前问清楚自己喜欢哪个学校?以后想去哪里就业?哪个学校是我最向往的?因为只有自己喜欢的才会付出全部的心血，去努力得到。
比如你喜欢北京大学，喜欢以后留在北京发展，那你可能就要付出比考其他学校的考生更多的努力才可以达到自己的目标。
第二个原则是客观衡量自身的实力，人都有梦想，但是如果不顾自身能力的梦想那是妄想。
同时也不能一味的求稳妥的妄自菲薄。
所以我们建议考生选择的学校要“蹦一下可以摸得着”而不是“累死都够不到”或者“伸手可得”学校。
第三个原则是考察学校的综合实力，包括它在翻译界的科研实力、学术资源、人脉资源、区位优势等。
这也是很重要的。
比如上海外国语大学在上海地区是绝对的老大，学生有很高的社会美誉度，就业比较容易，但是到了北京，则北京外国语大学的学生才更受欢迎。
在对学校的认识上，需要注意如下几点：(一)批次划分仅与招考院校申报翻译硕士专业项目、教育部高等教育司翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)教育指导委员会审批先后顺序有关，与院校翻译硕士师资实力无直接关系。
第二、三批院校在第一批试点院校积累的丰富经验上开设翻译硕士专业，往往具有更大的优势，因此同学们在选择招考院校时，不要将批次作为唯一的参考项。
(二)根据我国高等国民教育序列划分和158所翻译硕士招考院校实际，可将翻译硕士招考院校分为综合类、专门类两大类，综合类下设大综合(国家级院校、省(自治区、直辖市)院校、市级院校)，小综合(师范类院校、民族类院校);专门类下设文史大类(语言类、外交类、政法类院校)，理工大类(理工类、科技类、财经类、交通类、工业类、石油地质类、海事类、航空航天类、农林类、电力类、科研院所类)。
同学们在选择招考院校时要注意区分不同类别的院校在翻译硕士招考模式、考试题型及内容等的区别，并结合自身兴趣、特长与应试能力实际，综合选取合适的招考院校。
(三)从2007年9月翻译硕士专业学位设立至今的招考情况看，不同类别的招考院校在招考模式、考试题型及内容上有一定区别。
根据对2011年37所翻译硕士招考院校考试类型的统计发现，理工大类院校考试内容涉及理工内容，文史大类院校则偏重文史内容，各专门院校考试内容更有专业性趋向。
总体上看，专业特色还是十分明显的。
二、158所招考院校中含34所自主划线学校，同学们在考虑硕士研究生全国统一考试初试国家分数线(以下简称“国家线”)院校和自主划线院校时，要把握如下几点：(一)自主划线院校在复试分数线制定方面拥有自主权，从2010、2011年全国58所翻译硕士招考院校复试分数线统计情况来看，除极个别自主划线院校高出国家线较多外，其余自主划线院校分数线普遍低于所在区国家线。
在国家线“强势走高”的情况下，自主划线院校就成为了同学们获取复试资格的一道“生命保障线”。
(二)自出划线院校翻译硕士命题与国家线院校略有不同，更突出院校特色和专业特色。
由于分数线划定权已批准下放至该高校，因此该高校命题与自主划线一致，具有更加鲜明的“自主特色”，同学们在报考这类院校时，不要盲目追求“分数差”，而应该从自身实际出发，选择合适的招考院校。
三、158所翻译硕士招考院校中，有130多所指定或部分指定了参考数目。
参考书目的选择也成为同学们选择招考院校的又一重要指标(一)参考书目反映了一个院校的学术研究水平、研究方向、学术合作领域、合作方向，也反映了招考院校的命题方向，因此同学们要在充分了解参考书目的基础上，做出合理的、有利于报考的选择(二)对于没有指定参考书目的院校，可以采取“参考书目高频法”，即根据目前招考院校大量或普遍采用的参考用书，适当选择作为备考教材四、翻译硕士招考院校的招生人数、招收翻译语种(英、法、德、西、日、葡、朝等)、口笔译方向也是一项重要指标，同学们可认真阅读各参考院校的招生简章。
